Dunedin Ōtepoti
Urban Area	Population	114,700 (2005 estimate)
	Extent	Mosgiel to Port Chalmers
Territorial Authority	Name	Dunedin City
	Population	122,200 (2006 Census provisional count)
	Land area	3314.8km²
	Extent	urban area, and to Middlemarch, Waikouaiti and the Taieri River
Regional Council	Name	Otago

Dunedin (Ōtepoti in Maori) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the region of Otago. It is New Zealand's eighth largest city in terms of population, and it is the hub of the fifth-largest urban area. For historical and cultural reasons, Dunedin is considered one of the country's four main centres. File links The following pages link to this file: Dunedin ... Statistics New Zealand defines New Zealand urban areas for statistical purposes. ... Territorial authorities is the formal term for the second tier of local government in New Zealand, below regional councils. ... Regions is the formal term for the top tier of local government in New Zealand. ... Otago (help· info) is one of the regions of New Zealand and lies in the south-east of the South Island. ... The South Island The South Island is one of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the North Island. ... Otago (help· info) is one of the regions of New Zealand and lies in the south-east of the South Island. ...

It is located at 45°52′0″S, 170°30′0″E.

The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago. Location of Otago Harbour Otago Harbour consists of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating Otago Peninsula from the main urban areas of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... The University of Otago in Dunedin is New Zealands oldest university with over 20,000 students enrolled during 2006. ...

History

Main article: History of Dunedin

Modern archaeology favours a date round 1100 AD for the first human (Māori) occupation of New Zealand with population concentrated along the south east coast. A camp site at Kaikai's Beach, near Otago Heads, has been dated from about that time. There are numerous Archaic (moa hunter) sites in what is now Dunedin, several of them large and permanently occupied, particularly in the 14th century. Population contracted but expanded again with the evolution of the Classic culture which saw the building of several pa, fortified settlements, notably Pukekura at (Taiaroa Head), about 1650. There was a settlement in what is now central Dunedin (Ōtepoti) occupied as late as about 1785 but abandoned by 1826. The city of Dunedin, New Zealand has played an important role in the history of New Zealand. ... Languages Māori, English Religions Māori religion, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Polynesian peoples, Austronesian peoples The word Māori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and their language. ... Pa, Maori word meaning a fortified village or redoubt, described at length in Maori Wars. ... Taiaroa Head is a headland at the end of Otago Harbour in New Zealand, overlooking the mouth of the Otago Harbour. ...

Maori tradition tells first of people called Kahui Tipua living in the area, then Te Rapuwai, semi-legendary but considered to be historical. The next arrivals were Waitaha followed by Kati Mamoe late in the sixteenth century and then Kai Tahu (Ngai Tahu in modern standard Māori) who arrived in the mid 17th century. These migration waves have often been represented as 'invasions' in European accounts but modern scholarship has cast doubt on that. They were probably migrations like those of the European which incidentally resulted in bloodshed. Waitaha is a Māori iwi. ... Kāi Mamoe, or Ngāti Mamoe, is a Māori iwi. ... Ngāi Tahu, or Kai Tahu, is the principal iwi (tribe) of the southern region of New Zealand. ... Māori or Te Reo Māori, commonly shortened to Te Reo (literally the language) is an official language of New Zealand. ...

The sealer John Boultbee recorded in the 1820s that the 'Kaika Otargo' (settlements around and near Otago Harbour) were the oldest and largest in the south. Location of Otago Harbour Otago Harbour consists of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating Otago Peninsula from the main urban areas of Dunedin, New Zealand. ...

Captain James Cook stood off what is now the coast of Dunedin between February 25 and March 5, 1770, naming Cape Saunders on the Otago Peninsula and Saddle Hill. He reported penguins and seals in the vicinity, which led sealers to visit from the beginning of the 19th century. The early years of sealing saw a feud between sealers and local Maori, from 1810-1823, sparked by an incident on Otago Harbour, but William Tucker became the first European to settle in the area in 1815. Permanent European occupation dates from 1831 when the Weller brothers founded their whaling station at Otago, modern Otakou on the Otago Harbour. Epidemics reduced the Maori population. By the late 1830s the harbour was an international whaling port. Johnny Jones established a farming settlement and a mission station, the South Island's first, at Waikouaiti in 1840. James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... Cape Saunders is a prominent headland on the Pacific Ocean coast of the Otago Peninsula in New Zealands South Island. ... The Otago Peninsula is a long, rugged indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... William Tucker was a guitarist whose credits included work with Ministry, Chemlab, and Chris Connelly. ... The Weller brothers, Englishmen of Sydney and Otago, New Zealand, were the founders of a whaling station on Otago Harbour and New Zealand’s most substantial merchant traders in the 1830s. ... The settlement of Otakou lies within the boundaries of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... John Johnny Jones (ca. ... Waikouaiti is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ...

The Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland founded Dunedin at the head of Otago Harbour in 1848 as the principal town of its Scottish settlement. The name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the Scottish capital. Charles Kettle the city's surveyor, instructed to emulate the characteristics of Edinburgh, produced a striking, 'Romantic' design. The result was both grand and quirky streets as the builders struggled and sometimes failed to construct his bold vision across the challenging landscape. Captain William Cargill, a veteran of the war against Napoleon, was the secular leader. The Reverend Thomas Burns, a nephew of the poet Robert Burns, was the spiritual guide. This article concerns the Free Church of Scotland 1843-1900, for the Free Church of Scotland existing from 1900 to the present day see Free Church of Scotland (post 1900). ... 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... Edinburgh (pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city. ... Charles Kettle, 1821-1862, surveyed the city of Dunedin in New Zealand, imposing a bold design on a challenging landscape. ... William Cargill was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1784. ... Thomas Burns (ca. ... Robert Burns, foremost Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a poet and a lyricist. ...

In 1852 Dunedin became the capital of the Otago Province, the whole of New Zealand from the Waitaki south. In 1861 the discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully, to the southwest, led to a rapid influx of population and saw Dunedin become New Zealand's first city by growth of population in 1865. The new arrivals included many Irish, but also Italians, French, Germans, Jews and Chinese. The Waitaki River is a large river in the South Island of New Zealand, some 110 km long. ... Gabriels Gully is a locality in Otago, New Zealand, three kilometres from Lawrence township and close to the Tuapeka River. ...

Dunedin and the region industrialised and consolidated, and the Main South Line connected the city with Christchurch in 1878 and Invercargill in 1879. The University of Otago, the oldest university in New Zealand, was founded in Dunedin in 1869. Otago Girls' High School (1871) is said to be the oldest state secondary school for girls in the Southern Hemisphere. Between 1881 and 1957, Dunedin was home to cable trams, being both one of the first and last such systems in the world. Early in the 1880s the inauguration of the frozen meat industry, with the first shipment leaving from Port Chalmers, saw the beginning of a later great national industry. The Main South Line is half of the South Island Main Trunk Railway in New Zealand and runs south from Lyttelton through Christchurch and down the east coast of the South Island to Invercargill via Dunedin. ... Christchurch is a city in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. ... The University of Otago in Dunedin is New Zealands oldest university with over 20,000 students enrolled during 2006. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Otago Girls High School is a secondary school in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Dunedin cable tramway system was a group of cable tramway lines in the New Zealand city of Dunedin. ... Panorama overlooking the Port. ...

Dunedin Railway Station, built in 1906

After ten years of gold rushes the economy slowed but Julius Vogel's immigration and development scheme brought thousands more especially to Dunedin and Otago before recession set in again in the 1880s. In these first times of prosperity many institutions and businesses were established, New Zealand's first daily newspaper, art school, medical school and public art gallery Dunedin Public Art Gallery among them. There was also a remarkable architectural flowering producing many substantial and ornamental buildings. R.A. Lawson's First Church of Otago and Knox Church are notable examples, as are buildings by Maxwell Bury and F.W. Petre. The other visual arts also flourished under the leadership of W.M. Hodgkins. The city's landscape and burgeoning townscape were vividly portrayed by George O'Brien 1821-1888. From the mid 1890s the economy revived. Institutions such as the Otago Settlers Museum and the Hocken Collections - first of their types in New Zealand - were founded. More notable buildings such as the Railway Station and Olveston were erected. New energy in the visual arts represented by G.P. Nerli culminated in the career of Frances Hodgkins. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1840x1232, 1007 KB) Released under the GNU Free Documentation License. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1840x1232, 1007 KB) Released under the GNU Free Documentation License. ... Sir Julius Vogel Sir Julius Vogel KCMG (February 24, 1835 - March 12, 1899) was New Zealands only practicing Jewish prime minister. ... Dunedin Public Art Gallery The Dunedin Public Art Gallery is the main public art collection of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Robert Arthur Lawson, aged 42 Robert Arthur Lawson (1 January 1833 – 3 December 1902) was one of New Zealands most eminent 19th century architects. ... Robert Arthur Lawson, aged 42 Robert Arthur Lawson (1 January 1833 – 3 December 1902) was one of New Zealands most eminent 19th-century architects. ... Francis Petre Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-05-04, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... George OBrien, 1821-1888 was an engineer of aristocratic background who turned to art in 19th century Australasia, dying in poverty but leaving a body of remarkable work. ... The Otago Settlers Museum is a regional history museum in Dunedin, New Zealand covering the territory of the old Otago Province, New Zealand from the Waitaki River south. ... The Hocken Library is now housed in a former cheese factory The Hocken Library (also known by its Southern Māori name of Te Uare Taoka o Hākena) is a research library and historical archive based in the New Zealand city of Dunedin. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street Station in 1865. ... Olveston is the name of a prominent house built in the inner suburbs of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Girolamo Nerli (1860-1926) was an Italian painter who worked and travelled in Australia and New Zealand in the late 19th century influencing Charles Conder and Frances Hodgkins and helping to move Australian and New Zealand art in new directions. ... Frances Hodgkins (born 1869 - died 1947) was a New Zealand Abstract Painter. ...

By 1900 Dunedin was no longer the country's biggest city. Influence and activity moved north to the other centres ("the drift north"), a trend which continued for much of the following century. Despite this, the university continued to expand, and a student quarter became established. At the same time people started to notice Dunedin's mellowing, the ageing of its grand old buildings, with writers like E.H. McCormick pointing out its atmospheric charm. In the 1930s and early 1940s a new generation of artists such as M.T. (Toss) Woollaston, Doris Lusk, Anne Hamblett, Colin McCahon and Patrick Hayman once again represented the best of the country's talent. The Second World War saw the dispersal of these painters, but not before McCahon had met a very youthful poet, James K. Baxter, in a central city studio. Mountford Tosswill Toss Woollaston KBE (1910-1998) was one of the most important New Zealand painters of the 20th century. ... Colin McCahons painting Victory over death 2 (1970) Colin John McCahon (1919 - 1987) was a prominent New Zealand artist. ... Patrick Hayman (1915-1988) was an artist who worked in a variety of media including painting, drawing and three-dimensional constructions. ... James Keir Baxter (June 29, 1926—October 22, 1972) was a New Zealand poet, and a controversial figure in New Zealand society. ...

Modern Dunedin

After World War II, prosperity and population growth revived, although Dunedin trailed as the fourth 'main centre'. A generation reacting against Victorianism started demolishing its buildings, and many were lost, notably the Stock Exchange in 1969. Although the university continued to expand, the city's population growth slowed and then contracted, notably from 1976 to 1981. This was, however, a culturally vibrant time with the university's new privately endowed arts fellowships, bringing such luminaries as James K Baxter, Ralph Hotere, Janet Frame, and Hone Tuwhare to the city. Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Hone Papita Raukura (Ralph) Hotere is a New Zealand artist of Maori descent (Aupouri iwi). ... Janet Paterson Frame ONZ, CBE, (August 28, 1924 - January 29, 2004) was the New Zealand author of eleven novels, four collections of short stories, a book of poetry, a childrens book, and a three volume autobiography. ... Hone Tuwhare (born in Kaikohe, Northland in 1922) is a noted New Zealand poet of Maori ancestry. ...

During the 1980s the city's popular music scene blossomed, with many acts, such as The Chills, The Clean, The Verlaines, and Straitjacket Fits, gaining national and international recognition. The term "The Dunedin Sound" was coined to describe the 1960s-influenced guitar-led music which came out of the city at this time. These bands were at the forefront of a much larger and diverse music scene which was the envy of far larger cities in New Zealand. Taking a leaf out of the Beatles Help!, the Chills signal COLD in semaphore on the cover of their first studio album. ... Getting Cleaner. ... The Verlaines was a band from Dunedin, New Zealand, signed to Flying Nun Records. ... Lotsofissues 07:37, 7 May 2005 (UTC) History Since forming in Flying Nuns spiritual home, the southern New Zealand city of Dunedin, in 1986, Straitjacket Fits have established themselves as the labels prime purveyors of rocknroll in its primal, blistering and downright sensual form. ... Dunedin is a southern New Zealand University Town that spawned The Dunedin Sound. Similar in many ways to the traditional indie pop sound, the Dunedin Sound uses jingly jangly guitaring, minimal bass lines and loose drumming. ...

By 1990, population decline had steadied and Dunedin had re-invented itself as a 'heritage city' with its main streets refurbished in Victorian style, and R.A. Lawson's Municipal Chambers in the Octagon handsomely restored. It was also recognised as a centre of excellence in tertiary education and research. The university and polytechnic's growth accelerated. North Dunedin became New Zealand's largest and most exuberant residential campus. The city has continued to refurbish itself, embarking on major developments and redevelopments of the art gallery, railway station, and Otago Settlers Museum. The Octagon is the city centre of Dunedin, in the South Island of New Zealand. ...

360� Panorama: Railway Station from inside.

Dunedin has flourishing niche industries including engineering, software engineering, bio-technology and fashion. Port Chalmers on Otago Harbour provides Dunedin with deep-water port facilities. The port is served by the Port Chalmers Branch, a branch line railway that diverges from the Main South Line that runs from Christchurch via Dunedin to Invercargill. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x386, 200 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Dunedin User:Mangru ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x386, 200 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Dunedin User:Mangru ... Panorama overlooking the Port. ... Location of Otago Harbour Otago Harbour consists of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating Otago Peninsula from the main urban areas of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... The Port Chalmers Branch was the first railway line built in Otago, New Zealand, and linked the regions major city of Dunedin with the port in Port Chalmers. ... A branch line is a relatively minor railway line which branches off a more important through route. ... The Main South Line is half of the South Island Main Trunk Railway in New Zealand and runs south from Lyttelton through Christchurch and down the east coast of the South Island to Invercargill via Dunedin. ... For other uses, see Christchurch (disambiguation). ... Invercargill (Waihopai in Māori) is the southern-most and western-most city in New Zealand, and one of the southern-most settlements in the world. ...

The cityscape glitters with gems of Victorian and Edwardian architecture - the legacy of the city's gold-rush affluence - many including First Church and Larnach Castle designed by one of New Zealand's most eminent architects R A Lawson. Other prominent buildings include Olveston and the magnificent Dunedin Railway Station. Other not-to-be missed attractions include Baldwin Street, the world's steepest street; the famous Captain Cook Tavern; and the local Speight's brewery. Tourists and students alike appreciate tours of the Cadbury chocolate factory. Larnach Castle at night. ... Robert Arthur Lawson, aged 42 Robert Arthur Lawson (1 January 1833 – 3 December 1902) was one of New Zealands most eminent 19th century architects. ... Dunedin Railway Station clocktower (left). ... Baldwin Street A tourist descends the street Looking down the street Car parked at Baldwin Street Sign at the bottom of Baldwin Street The quiet suburban street of Baldwin Street, in New Zealands southern city of Dunedin, is reputed to be the worlds steepest street. ... Speights is a brewery in Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Cadbury Schweppes plc is a confectionery and beverage company with its headquarters in Berkeley Square, London, England. ...

The Dunedin Botanic Garden

Dunedin is also notable now as centre for ecotourism. Uniquely, the world's only mainland Royal Albatross colony and several penguin and seal colonies lie within the city boundaries on Otago Peninsula. To the south, on the western side of Lake Waihola, lie the Sinclair Wetlands. This is a photo of the main part of the Dunedin botanical gardens. ... This is a photo of the main part of the Dunedin botanical gardens. ... Ecotourism means ecological tourism, where ecological has both environmental and social connotations. ... Binomial name Diomedea epomophora Lesson, 1785 Synonyms Diomedea epomophora epomophora The Southern Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora, is a large seabird from the albatross family. ... Modern Genera Aptenodytes Eudyptes Eudyptula Megadyptes Pygoscelis Spheniscus For extinct genera, see Systematics Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are an order of aquatic, flightless birds living exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Families Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Pinnipeds (fin-feet, lit. ... The Otago Peninsula is a long, rugged indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Lake Waihola, South Otago Lake Waihola is a tidal freshwater lake located 15 km north of Milton in Otago, on New Zealands South Island. ... The Sinclair Wetlands are an internationally reknowned wetlands located to the south west of Dunedin, New Zealand, at the southern edge of the Taieri Plains on the western side of Lake Waipori. ...

The thriving tertiary student population has led to a vibrant youth culture, including a continuation of the musical scene which grew up around the bands of the 1980s, and also more recently a burgeoning boutique fashion industry. A very strong visual arts community also lives in Dunedin and its environs, notably in Port Chalmers and the other settlements which dot the coast of the Otago Harbour, and also in communities such as Waitati. Panorama overlooking the Port. ... Location of Otago Harbour Otago Harbour consists of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating Otago Peninsula from the main urban areas of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Waitati is a small seaside settlement in Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ...

St Clair Beach, Dunedin

Sport is catered for in Dunedin by the floodlit rugby and cricket venue of Carisbrook, the New Caledonian Ground soccer and athletics stadium near the University at Logan Park, the large Edgar Centre indoor sports centre, and numerous golf courses and parks. There are also Forbury Park horseracing circuit in the south of the city and several others within a few kilometres. St Clair Beach is a well-known surfing venue. St Clair Beach, Dunedin, New Zealand Taken myself on Digital Camera File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... St Clair Beach, Dunedin, New Zealand Taken myself on Digital Camera File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A rugby union scrum. ... For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ... Carisbrook is a major sporting venue in Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Football is a ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent. ... A womens 400 metre hurdles race on a typical outdoor red rubber track. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Edgar Center is a large multi-purpose indoor sports venue in Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Greg Norman on the 18th tee at St Andrews. ... Horse-racing is an equestrian sporting activity which has been practiced over the centuries; the chariot races of Roman times were an early example, as was the contest of the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. ... Buttons Kaluhiokalani at Banzai Pipeline, December 1981 Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried by a breaking wave on a surfboard. ...

Dunedin features the world's most southern motorway, the 10-kilometre section of State Highway One (SH1) from the centre of the city towards the southern suburb of Mosgiel. The New Zealand State Highway Shield. ... Panorama of the view from the summit of Flagstaff Hill, Dunedin. ...

Although Dunedin's railway station, once the nation's busiest, is no longer served by regular commercial passenger trains, it is used by tourist services. The most prominent of these is the Taieri Gorge Limited, a popular and famous train operated daily by the Taieri Gorge Railway along the former Otago Central Railway through the scenic Taieri Gorge. The station is also sometimes visited by excursions organised by other heritage railway societies, and by trains chartered by cruise ships docking at Port Chalmers. The Taieri Gorge Railway is a railway based at Dunedin Railway Station in the South Island of New Zealand. ... The Otago Central Railway or Otago Central Branch Railway was a secondary railway line in Central Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand. ... The Taieri Gorge is located on the Taieri River, in the South Island of New Zealand. ...

Local media in Dunedin include the daily newspaper The Otago Daily Times, several local weekly and bi-weekly community newspapers, local radio stations (including the University's station, Radio One), and Channel 9 a local television station. Radio One (also known simply as The One) is a student radio station operating from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Channel 9 is a regional television station operating in the southern city of Dunedin, New Zealand. ...

Geography

Dunedin (grey area to lower left) sits close to the isthmus of the Otago Peninsula, at the end of Otago Harbour.

Dunedin City has a land area of 3314.8 km², slightly larger than the American state of Rhode Island or the English county of Cambridgeshire, and a little smaller than Cornwall. It is the largest city in land area in New Zealand. The Dunedin City Council boundaries since 1989 have extended to Middlemarch in the west, Waikouaiti in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and south-east, and the Waipori/Taieri River and the township of Henley in the south-west. It is now the fourth-largest city in the world by land area. Download high resolution version (1280x948, 111 KB)NASA World Wind landsat image of Otago Harbour. ... Download high resolution version (1280x948, 111 KB)NASA World Wind landsat image of Otago Harbour. ... The Otago Peninsula is a long, rugged indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Location of Otago Harbour Otago Harbour consists of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating Otago Peninsula from the main urban areas of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Official language(s) None Capital Providence Largest city Providence Area  Ranked 50th  - Total 1,214* sq mi (3,144* km²)  - Width 37 miles (60 km)  - Length 48 miles (77 km)  - % water 32. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. ... Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Middlemarch is a small town (population 300) within the limits of Dunedin city. ... Waikouaiti is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ... Henley is a township on New Zealands Taieri Plains, presumably named after the rowing centre Henley-on-Thames in England. ...

Dunedin is also home to Baldwin Street, the steepest street in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records, with a gradient of 1 in 2.9. The long since abandoned Maryhill Cablecar route had a similar gradient close to its Mornington depot. The Dunedin skyline is dominated by a ring of (traditionally seven) hills which form the remnants of a volcanic crater. Notable among them are Mount Cargill (700 m), Flagstaff (680 m), Saddle Hill (480 m), Signal Hill (390 m), and Harbour Cone (320 m). Baldwin Street A tourist descends the street Looking down the street Car parked at Baldwin Street Sign at the bottom of Baldwin Street The quiet suburban street of Baldwin Street, in New Zealands southern city of Dunedin, is reputed to be the worlds steepest street. ... Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ... Cable Car in San Francisco A San Francisco cable car A cable car or cable railway is a mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. ... Mount Cargill and Buttars Peak seen from above North East Valley, Dunedin Mount Cargill is a 680 metre high volcanic outcrop which dominates the skyline of northern Dunedin, New Zealand. ...

The heart of the city lies on the relatively flat land to the west of the head of the Otago Harbour. Here is The Octagon - once a swamp, it was drained in the late 19th century to create a city centre. The initial settlement of the city took place to the north of this swamp and further south on the other side of Bell Hill, a large outcrop which had to be excavated in order to provide easy access between the two parts of the settlement. The central city stretches away from this point in a largely northeast-southwest direction, with the main streets of George Street and Princes Street meeting at The Octagon. Here they are joined by Stuart Street, which runs orthogonal to them, from the Dunedin Railway Station in the southeast, and steeply up to the suburb of Roslyn in the northwest. Many of the older, more established buildings in the city are located towards the northern end of this central area on the floodplains of the Water of Leith, and on the inner ring of lower hills which surround the central city (most of these hills, such as Maori Hill, Pine Hill, and Maryhill, rise to some 200 metres above the plain). Location of Otago Harbour Otago Harbour consists of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating Otago Peninsula from the main urban areas of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... The Octagon is the city centre of Dunedin, in the South Island of New Zealand. ... George Street is the main street of Dunedin, in the South Island of New Zealand. ... Central Dunedin. ... Dunedin Railway Station clocktower (left). ... The Water of Leith (also known as the Leith River or Leith Stream), is a small river in the South Island of New Zealand. ...

Beyond the inner range of hills lie Dunedin's outer suburbs, notably to the northwest, beyond Roslyn. This direction contains Taieri Road and Three Mile Hill, which between them formed the original road route to the Taieri Plains. The modern State Highway 1 follows a different route, passing through Caversham in the west and out past Saddle Hill. Lying between Saddle Hill and Caversham are the outer suburbs of Green Island and Abbotsford. Between Green Island and Roslyn lies the steep-sided valley of the Kaikorai Stream, which is today a residential and light industrial area. Suburban settlements - mostly regarded as separate townships - also lie along both edges of the Otago Harbour. Notable among these are Portobello and Macandrew Bay, on the Otago Peninsula coast, and Port Chalmers on the opposite side of the harbour. Port Chalmers provides Dunedin's main deep-water port, including the city's container port. The Taieri Plains are an area of fertile agricultural land to the southwest of Dunedin, in Otago, New Zealand. ... State Highway 1 State Highway 1 is the most significant single element of the New Zealand roading network State Highway 1 can be considered as a single highway running the length of both main islands, a total of 2027 km. ... Green Island is an island off the coast of Dunedin, New Zealand, and is also the name of one of the citys suburbs. ... Portobello Portobello is a village beside the Otago Harbour halfway along the Otago Peninsula in Dunedin City. ... Macandrew Bay Macandrew Bay and the Otago Harbour seen from the ridge which runs along the top of the Otago Peninsula Macandrew Bay is located on the Otago Peninsula in the South Island of New Zealand. ... The Otago Peninsula is a long, rugged indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Panorama overlooking the Port. ... Containerization is a system of intermodal cargo transport using standard ISO containers (also known as isotainers) that can be loaded on container ships, railroad cars, and trucks. ...

Outside the main urban area, the hinterland within Dunedin city encompasses a variety of different landforms. To the southwest lie the Taieri Plains, the broad, fertile lowland floodplains of the Taieri River and its major tributary the Waipori. These are moderately heavily settled, and contain the towns of Mosgiel, East Taieri, and Allanton. They are separated from the coast by a range of low hills rising to some 300 m. Inland from the Taieri Plain is rough hill country. Close to the plain, much of this is forested, notably around Berwick and Lake Mahinerangi, and also around the Silverpeaks Range which lies northwest of the Dunedin urban area. Beyond this, the land becomes drier and opens out into grass and tussock-covered land. A high, broad valley, the Strath-Taierilies in Dunedin's far northwest, containing the town of Middlemarch, one of the area's few concentrations of population. The Taieri Plains are an area of fertile agricultural land to the southwest of Dunedin, in Otago, New Zealand. ... The Taieri River is the fourth longest river in New Zealand, and is located in Otago in the countrys South Island. ... The Waipori River is located in Otago in the South Island of New Zealand. ... Panorama of the view from the summit of Flagstaff Hill, Dunedin. ... Allanton is a small town in Otago, New Zealand, located some 20 kilometres southwest of Dunedin on State Highway 1. ... Berwick is a small farming community on the banks of the Waipori River in New Zealand. ... Lake Mahinerangi is a small hydroelectric lake located on the Waipori River 35 kilometres to the west of Dunedin in New Zealands South Island. ... The Silverpeaks is an area of rough forest and scrub covered hill country inland and to the northwest of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Tusock grass can be any tall strong growing grass; one that grows in thick clumps or tussocks. ... Strath Taieri is a large glacial valley and river plateau, surrounded by rugged hill ranges located to the West of Dunedin in Otago. ... Middlemarch is a small town (population 300) within the limits of Dunedin city. ...

To the north of the city's urban area is undulating hill country containing several small, mainly coastal, settlements, including Waitati, Warrington, Seacliff and Waikouaiti. State Highway 1 winds steeply through a series of hills here, notably the Kilmog. These hills can be considered a coastal extension of the Silverpeaks Range. Waitati is a small seaside settlement in Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ... Warrington is a small settlement on the coast of Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand. ... Sea Cliff (sometimes spelled Seacliff) is a very affluent neightborhood located in northwestern San Francisco, California, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and Baker Beach and just southwest of the Presidio of San Francisco. ... Waikouaiti is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ... State Highway 1 State Highway 1 is the most significant single element of the New Zealand roading network State Highway 1 can be considered as a single highway running the length of both main islands, a total of 2027 km. ... The Kilmog (or Kilmog Hill) is a hilly area approximately 20 kilometres north of Dunedin on State Highway 1, to the north of Blueskin Bay, south of Karitane, and inland of the coastal settlements of Warrington and Seacliff. ...

To the east, Dunedin City includes the entirety of the Otago Peninsula, a long finger of land that formed the southeastern rim of the Dunedin Volcano. The peninsula is lightly settled, almost entirely along the harbour coast, and much of it is maintained as a natural habitat by the Otago Peninsula Trust. The peninsula contains several fine beaches, and is home to a considerable number of rare species, such as penguins, seals, and shags. Most importantly, it contains the world's only mainland breeding colony of Royal Albatross, at Taiaroa Head on the peninsula's northeastern point. The Otago Peninsula is a long, rugged indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Modern Genera Aptenodytes Eudyptes Eudyptula Megadyptes Pygoscelis Spheniscus For extinct genera, see Systematics Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are an order of aquatic, flightless birds living exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Families Odobenidae Otariidae Phocidae Pinnipeds (fin-feet, lit. ... The shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) is a water bird which inhabits rocky coasts of Europe. ... Binomial name Diomedea epomophora Lesson, 1785 Synonyms Diomedea epomophora epomophora The Southern Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora, is a large seabird from the albatross family. ... Taiaroa Head is a headland at the end of Otago Harbour in New Zealand, overlooking the mouth of the Otago Harbour. ...

Climate

The climate of central Dunedin is cool temperate, and is greatly modified by its proximity to the ocean. This leads to warm summers and cool winters. Winter can be frosty, but significant snowfall is uncommon (perhaps every two or three years), except in the inland hill suburbs such as Halfway Bush and Wakari, which tend to receive a few days of snowfall each year. Spring can feature "four seasons in a day" weather, but from November to April it is generally settled and mild. Temperatures during summer can top 30°C, but temperatures in the high 30s are rare.

Dunedin has relatively low rainfall in comparison to many of New Zealand's cities, with only some 850 mm recorded per year. It has a somewhat unwarranted reputation for damp weather, probably due to its rainfall occurring in drizzle over a larger number of days, whereas northern centres such as Auckland and Wellington receive more rain overall through heavy downpours on relatively fewer days. Dunedin is one of the cloudiest centres in the country, however. Prevailing winds are from the south (cool, damp), and from the northwest (hot and dry in summer, cold and dry in winter). The circle of hills surrounding the inner city creates its own microclimate, often leading to the main urban area having completely different weather conditions to the rest of Otago. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Inland, beyond the heart of the city, the climate is continental: winters are cold and dry, summers hot and dry. Thick freezing ground fogs are common in winter in the upper reaches of the Taieri River's course around Middlemarch, and in summer the temperature frequently reaches into the high 30s celsius. The Taieri River is the fourth longest river in New Zealand, and is located in Otago in the countrys South Island. ... See also Middlemarch, New Zealand. ...

List of Dunedin suburbs

For information on individual suburbs, see Suburbs of Dunedin Dunedin is a city of 122,000 people in the South Island of New Zealand The principal suburbs of Dunedin are as follows. ...

Inner suburbs

(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)

Woodhaugh; Glenleith; Ross Creek; Dalmore; Pine Hill; Mt Cargill; Normanby; Mt Mera; North East Valley; Opoho; Dunedin North; Ravensbourne; Highcliff; Shiel Hill; Waverley; Vauxhall; Ocean Grove (Tomahawk); Tainui; Andersons Bay; Musselburgh; South Dunedin; St Kilda; St Clair; Corstorphine; Kew; Forbury; Caversham; Concord; Maryhill; Mornington; Kaikorai Valley; Belleknowes; Roslyn; Kaikorai; Wakari; Maori Hill; Anderson's Bay; Halfway Bush; Fernhill; Kenmure.

Outer suburbs

(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)

Burkes; St. Leonards; Broad Bay; Company Bay; Macandrew Bay; Burnside; Green Island; Waldronville; Saddle Hill; Sunny Vale; Fairfield; Abbotsford; Bradford; Glenross; Brockville; Halfway Bush; Helensburgh. Macandrew Bay Macandrew Bay and the Otago Harbour seen from the ridge which runs along the top of the Otago Peninsula Macandrew Bay is located on the Otago Peninsula in the South Island of New Zealand. ... Green Island is an island off the coast of Dunedin, New Zealand, and is also the name of one of the citys suburbs. ... Green Island is an island off the coast of Dunedin, New Zealand, and is also the name of one of the citys suburbs. ...

Towns within Dunedin City limits

(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)

Waitati; Waikouaiti; Karitane; Seacliff; Warrington; Purakanui; Long Beach; Aramoana; Deborah Bay; Carey's Bay; Port Chalmers; Sawyers Bay; Roseneath; Otakou; Portobello; Brighton; Taieri Mouth; Henley; Allanton; East Taieri; Momona; Outram; Mosgiel; West Taieri; Waipori; Middlemarch; Hyde. Waitati is a small seaside settlement in Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ... Waikouaiti is a small town in East Otago, New Zealand, within the city limits of Dunedin. ... The seaside settlement of Karitane is located within the limits of the city of Dunedin in New Zealand, 35 kilometres to the north of the city centre. ... Sea Cliff (sometimes spelled Seacliff) is a very affluent neightborhood located in northwestern San Francisco, California, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and Baker Beach and just southwest of the Presidio of San Francisco. ... Warrington is a small settlement on the coast of Otago, in the South Island of New Zealand. ... Long Beach is a small coastal settlement in Otago, New Zealand. ... Aramoana mudflats at the mouth of Otago Harbour Aramoana is a small coastal settlement, 27 kilometres north of Dunedin city, in the South Island of New Zealand. ... Panorama overlooking the Port. ... Dunedin is a city of 122,000 people in the South Island of New Zealand The principal suburbs of Dunedin are as follows. ... Dunedin is a city of 122,000 people in the South Island of New Zealand The principal suburbs of Dunedin are as follows. ... The settlement of Otakou lies within the boundaries of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. ... Portobello Portobello is a village beside the Otago Harbour halfway along the Otago Peninsula in Dunedin City. ... Brighton is a small seaside town within the city limits of Dunedin, in New Zealands South Island. ... Taieri Mouth is the small fishing village at the mouth of the Taieri River. ... Henley is a township on New Zealands Taieri Plains, presumably named after the rowing centre Henley-on-Thames in England. ... Allanton is a small town in Otago, New Zealand, located some 20 kilometres southwest of Dunedin on State Highway 1. ... Momona is a small town in New Zealands South Island. ... Outram is a small town in Otago, New Zealand. ... Panorama of the view from the summit of Flagstaff Hill, Dunedin. ... Waipori may refer to either: The Waipori River in Otago in the South Island of New Zealand, or to Lake Waipori, an area of wetlands draining into the Waipori River This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Middlemarch is a small town (population 300) within the limits of Dunedin city. ... Hyde refers to: // Persons named Hyde Last name Hyde Anne Hyde (1637–1671), English noblewoman, mother of two British queens, Mary II and Anne Arthur M. Hyde (1877–1947), American politician, Governor of Missouri, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture DeWitt S. Hyde (1909–1987), American politician, congressman from Maryland (1953...

Technically, since council reorganisation in the late 1980s these are suburbs, but all are known throughout Dunedin as towns or townships, and none has the usual qualities associated with suburbs. All are separated by a considerable distance of open countryside from the central Dunedin urban area. Anyone describing these places as "suburbs" to a Dunedinite will be met with a puzzled expression.

Panoramas

180° view of Dunedin shot from the hills on the west. Mount Cargill is at the extreme left of picture, and the Otago Peninsula is beyond the harbour to the centre.

A panorama of from just east of the summit of Mount Cargill. The harbour runs from its entrance near the centre to the city centre on the right, the peninsula beyond. The base of a television mast is at the extreme left and right edges.

The view from the summit of Mount Cargill. The base of a television mast can be seen on the left, with the harbour and the peninsula beyond. The city centre is in the middle.

The view from the summit of Flagstaff Hill. The city centre is on the right, and Mosgiel on the left. Mount Cargill is slightly right of centre.

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Noted inhabitants

The arts

• Thomas Bracken (21 December 1843 – 16 February 1898), the noted late-19th century poet who wrote the New Zealand National Anthem God Defend New Zealand and who was the first person to publish the phrase "God's Own Country".
• Illustrator and engraver John Buckland Wright.
• Māori sculptor Carissa Proffit (b 1974), who works in Oamaru stone.
• Nobel Prize short-listee Janet Frame, born there in 1924, died there in 2004: NZ Edge biography
• Writer James K. Baxter was born in Dunedin in 1926 and wrote many of his plays there in the 1960s in association with Rosalie and Patric Carey's Globe Theatre.
• Cartoonist David Low lived in Dunedin before making his fame in London.
• Caricature artist Murray Webb remains a resident.
• Māori painter Ralph Hotere lives and works in Port Chalmers.
• Painters Grahame Sydney, Jeffrey Harris and Claire Beynon all live in Dunedin.
• Actor Sam Neill has close associations with Dunedin. He was born and raised to the west of Dunedin, in Queenstown, Central Otago, where he still resides.
• Playwright Roger Hall lived and wrote in Dunedin for several years.
• Prominent architects Francis Petre and Robert Lawson both lived and worked in Dunedin.
• Many of New Zealand’s top bands of the 1980s and early 1990s started out in Dunedin, establishing the Dunedin Sound. These include The Chills, The Clean, Straitjacket Fits, Sneaky Feelings, The 3Ds and Toy Love, and musicians Martin Phillipps and David Kilgour.
• Malaysian novelist John Ling is a resident.
• Frances Hodgkins (1869–1947), New Zealand's most celebrated expatriate painter, was born in Dunedin, trained at the Dunedin School of Art and first matured here as an artist.
• Colin McCahon (1919–1987), New Zealand's best regarded native-born painter, was brought up in Dunedin from infancy, trained at the Dunedin School of Art and first matured there as an artist.
• Children's book illustrators Robyn Belton and David Elliot currently live in Dunedin - David in Port Chalmers

Thomas Bracken (December 21, 1843 - February 16, 1898), born at Clones, Count