NationMaster - Encyclopedia: E. E. Cummings

Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962), popularly known as E. E. Cummings, was an American poet, painter, essayist, and playwright. His body of work encompasses more than 900 poems, several plays and essays, numerous drawings, sketches, and paintings, as well as two novels. He is remembered as a preeminent voice of 20th century poetry, as well as one of the most popular. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 347 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1014 Ã— 1750 pixel, file size: 247 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-City Council - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - Total 7. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... North Conway is a census-designated place located in eastern Carroll County, New Hampshire. ... For other uses, see Stroke (disambiguation). ... The Forest Hills Cemetery (1848) in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts (formerly in the city of Roxbury, now in the city of Boston) is an early suburban garden cemetery inspired by the Mount Auburn Cemetery. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... a poem, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, which brought him to prominence. ...

Name and capitalization

Cummings' publishers and others have sometimes echoed the unconventional orthography in his poetry by writing his name in lower case and without periods. Cummings himself used both the lowercase and capitalized versions, but according to his widow did not, as reported in the preface of one book,^[1] have his name legally changed to "e. e. cummings". He did, however, write to his French translator that he preferred the capitalized version ("may it not be tricksy").^[2] One Cummings scholar believes that on the occasions Cummings signed his name in all-lowercase, the poet may have intended it as a gesture of humility, and not as an indication that it was the preferred orthography for others to use for his name.^[3] The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of using a specific writing system to write the language. ...

Birth and early years

Cummings was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1894, to Edward and Rebecca Haswell Clarke Cummings. Cummings' father was a professor of sociology and political science at Harvard University and later a Unitarian minister. He and his son were close, and Edward was one of Cummings' most ardent supporters. Raised in a well-educated family, Cummings was writing poetry as early as age ten. His only sibling, a sister, Elizabeth, was born when he was six years old. Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-City Council - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - Total 7. ... Sociology (from Latin: socius, companion; and the suffix -ology, the study of, from Greek Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, lÃ³gos, knowledge [1]) is the scientific or systematic study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture[2]. Areas studied in sociology can range from the analysis of brief contacts between anonymous... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political Science is the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. ... Harvard redirects here. ... Historic Unitarianism believed in the oneness of God as opposed to traditional Christian belief in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). ...

Education

In his youth, Cummings attended Cambridge Latin High School. Early stories and poems were published in the Cambridge Review, the school newspaper. Name Cambridge Rindge and Latin Address 459 Broadway Town Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Established See Article Community Urban Type Public Secondary Religion Secular Students Coeducational Grades 9 to 12 Accreditation New England Association of Schools and Colleges (Barely) District Cambridge Public School District Nickname CRLS or Rindge Mascot Falcon Colors Black...

From 1911 to 1916, Cummings attended Harvard University, from which he received a B.A. degree in 1915 and a Master's degree for English and Classical Studies in 1916. While at Harvard, he befriended John Dos Passos and roomed in the freshman dormitory, Thayer (room 306), named after the family of one of his Harvard acquaintances, Scofield Thayer.^[4] Several of Cummings' poems were published in the Harvard Monthly as early as 1912. Cummings himself labored on the school newspaper alongside fellow Harvard Aesthetes Dos Passos and S. Foster Damon. In 1915, his poems were published in the Harvard Advocate. Harvard redirects here. ... A B.A. issued from the University of Tennessee. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... John Roderigo Dos Passos (January 14, 1896 â€” September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist. ... Scofield Thayer (12 December 1889 â€” 1982) was an American poet and publisher, best known as the publisher of the literary magazine The Dial during the 1920s. ... The Harvard Aesthetes is a name given to a group of poets attending Harvard University in a period roughly 1912-1919. ... S. Foster Damon (February 12, 1893 – December 25, 1971) was an American academic, a specialist in William Blake, a critic and a poet. ...

From an early age, Cummings studied Greek and Latin. His affinity for each manifests in his later works, such as XAIPE (Greek: "Rejoice!"; a collection of poetry), Anthropos (Greek: "mankind"; the title of one of his plays), and "Puella Mea" (Latin: "My Girl"; the title of his longest poem). Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

In his final year at Harvard, Cummings was influenced by Dr. Ponchi Oswald Bartlett writers such as Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound. He graduated magna cum laude in 1916, delivering a controversial commencement address entitled "The New Art". This speech gave him his first taste of notoriety, as he managed to give the false impression that the well-liked imagist poet, Amy Lowell, whom he himself admired, was "abnormal". For this, Cummings was chastised in the newspapers. Ostracized as a result of his intellect, he turned to poetry.^{[citation needed]} In 1920, Cummings' first published poems appeared in a collection of poetry entitled Eight Harvard Poets. Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 â€“ July 27, 1946) was an American writer who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. ... Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (Hailey, Idaho Territory, United States, October 30, 1885 â€“ Venice, Italy, November 1, 1972) was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in early-to-mid 20th century poetry. ... Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an academic degree was earned. ... Ezra Pound, one of the prime movers of Imagism. ... Amy Lowell Amy Lawrence Lowell (February 9, 1874 â€“ May 12, 1925) was an American poet of the imagist school who posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1926. ...

Career

In 1917, Cummings enlisted in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corp, along with his college friend John Dos Passos. The novelty of automotives, and thus ambulances, made driving acceptable to young, well educated men in the US. (World War I saw more well-known writers in medical service than any other war in history because of this. At least 23, including Hemingway, were enlisted in ambulance corps, an interesting and unusual percentage). Due to an administrative mix-up, Cummings was not assigned to an ambulance unit for five weeks, during which time he stayed in Paris. He became enamored of the city, to which he would return throughout his life. John Roderigo Dos Passos (January 14, 1896 â€” September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

On September 21, 1917, just five months after his belated assignment, he and a friend, William Slater Brown, were arrested on suspicion of espionage (the two openly expressed pacifist views on the war). They were sent to a military detention camp, the Dépôt de Triage, in La Ferté-Macé, Orne, Normandy, where they languished for 3½ months. Cummings' experiences in the camp were later related in his novel, The Enormous Room about which F. Scott Fitzgerald opined, "Of all the work by young men who have sprung up since 1920 one book survives- 'The Enormous Room' by e e cummings....Those few who cause books to live have not been able to endure the thought of its mortality."^{[citation needed]} is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... William Slater Brown, 1917 William Slater Brown (1897 – 22 June 1997) was a friend of the poet E. E. Cummings. ... Spy and Secret agent redirect here. ... Pacifist redirects here. ... Orne is a department in the northwest of France named after the Orne River. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... The Enormous Room is a 1922 memoir by the poet and novelist E. E. Cummings about his temporary imprisonment in France during World War I. Cummings served as an ambulance driver during the war, when in late August 1917 he along with another driver, William Slater Brown (known in the... Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 â€“ December 21, 1940) was an American Jazz Age author of novels and short stories. ...

He was released from the detention camp on December 19, 1917, after much intervention from his politically connected father. Cummings returned to the United States on New Year's Day 1918. Later in 1918, he was drafted into the army. He served in the 73rd Infantry Division at Camp Devens, Massachusetts, until November 1918. is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ...

Cummings returned to Paris in 1921 and remained there for two years before returning to New York. During the rest of the 1920s and 1930s he returned to Paris a number of times, and traveled throughout Europe, meeting, among others, Pablo Picasso. In 1931 Cummings traveled to the Soviet Union and recounted his experiences in Eimi, published two years later. During these years Cummings also traveled to Northern Africa and Mexico and worked as an essayist and portrait artist for Vanity Fair magazine (1924 to 1927). This article is about the state. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Picasso redirects here. ... Eimi (pronounced ) is a 1933 book by E. E. Cummings. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | North Africa ... American actress Demi Moore, on a typical Vanity Fair cover (August, 1991) Vanity Fair is a glossy American glamour magazine monthly that offers a mixture of articles based on sensational exaggerations, jet-set and entertainment-business personalities, politics, and lies. ...

Personal life

In 1926, Cummings' father was killed in a car accident. Though severely injured, Cummings' mother survived. Cummings detailed the accident in the following quote, from his Six Non-Lectures series given at Harvard in 1952-1953.

His father's death had a profound impact on Cummings and his work, who entered a new period in his artistic life. Cummings began to focus on more important aspects of life in his poetry. He began this new period by paying homage to his father's memory in the poem "my father moved through dooms of love".^[5]

Born into a Unitarian family, Cummings exhibited transcendental leanings his entire life. As he grew in maturity and age, Cummings moved more towards an "I, Thou" relationship with his God. His journals are replete with references to “le bon Dieu” as well as prayers for inspiration in his poetry and artwork (such as “Bon Dieu! may I some day do something truly great. amen.”). Cummings "also prayed for strength to be his essential self ('may I be I is the only prayer--not may I be great or good or beautiful or wise or strong'), and for relief of spirit in times of depression ('almighty God! I thank thee for my soul; & may I never die spiritually into a mere mind through disease of loneliness')."[1] Historic Unitarianism believed in the oneness of God as opposed to traditional Christian belief in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). ...

Marriages

Cummings was married three times, including a long common-law marriage. Common-law marriage (or common law marriage), sometimes called informal marriage or marriage by habit and repute is, historically, a form of interpersonal status in which a man and a woman are not legally married. ...

Scofield Thayer (12 December 1889 â€” 1982) was an American poet and publisher, best known as the publisher of the literary magazine The Dial during the 1920s. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the 1960s, many Americans traveled south to obtain a Mexican divorce. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the city in Indiana, US. For other uses of the name South Bend, see South Bend (disambiguation). ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Patchin Place in 2006. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ...

Poetry

Despite Cummings' consanguinity with avant-garde styles, much of his work is traditional. Many of his poems are sonnets, and he occasionally made use of the blues form and acrostics. Cummings' poetry often deals with themes of love and nature, as well as the relationship of the individual to the masses and to the world. His poems are also often rife with satire. A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a French phrase, one of many French phrases used by English speakers. ... The term sonnet derives from the ProvenÃ§al word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning little song. ... Blues music redirects here. ... Wikipedians Instill Knowledge about Interesting and Pertinent topics, waxing Eloquent Developing Information Abundance Acrostic poems are related to crossword puzzles in that they can be read in multiple directions. ... For other uses, see Love (disambiguation). ...

While his poetic forms and themes share an affinity with the romantic tradition, Cummings' work universally shows a particular idiosyncrasy of syntax, or way of arranging individual words into larger phrases and sentences. Many of his most striking poems do not involve any typographical or punctuation innovations at all, but purely syntactic ones. For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...

As well as being influenced by notable modernists including Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound, Cummings' early work drew upon the imagist experiments of Amy Lowell. Later, his visits to Paris exposed him to Dada and surrealism, which in turn permeated his work. Cummings also liked to incorporate imagery of nature and death into much of his poetry. Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history of the modern novel and modern poetry as one. ... Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 â€“ July 27, 1946) was an American writer who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. ... Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (Hailey, Idaho Territory, United States, October 30, 1885 â€“ Venice, Italy, November 1, 1972) was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figure of the Modernist movement in early-to-mid 20th century poetry. ... Amy Lowell Amy Lawrence Lowell (February 9, 1874 â€“ May 12, 1925) was an American poet of the imagist school who posthumously won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1926. ... DaDa is a concept album by Alice Cooper, released in 1983. ... Max Ernst. ...

While some of his poetry is free verse (with no concern for rhyme or meter), many have a recognizable sonnet structure of 14 lines, with an intricate rhyme scheme. A number of his poems feature a typographically exuberant style, with words, parts of words, or punctuation symbols scattered across the page, often making little sense until read aloud, at which point the meaning and emotion become clear. Cummings, who was also a painter, understood the importance of presentation, and used typography to "paint a picture" with some of his poems.^[8] For the software company, see Freeverse. ... A rhyme is a repetition of identical or similar sounds in two or more different words and is most often used in poetry. ... In poetry, the meter or metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse. ... The term sonnet derives from the ProvenÃ§al word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning little song. ...

The seeds of Cummings' unconventional style appear well established, even in his earliest work. At age six he wrote to his father:

FATHER DEAR. BE, YOUR FATHER-GOOD AND GOOD,
HE IS GOOD NOW, IT IS NOT GOOD TO SEE IT RAIN,
FATHER DEAR IS, IT, DEAR, NO FATHER DEAR,
LOVE, YOU DEAR,
ESTLIN.

Following his novel The Enormous Room, Cummings' first published work was a collection of poems entitled Tulips and Chimneys (1923). This work was the public's first encounter with his characteristic eccentric use of grammar and punctuation. The Enormous Room is a 1922 memoir by the poet and novelist E. E. Cummings about his temporary imprisonment in France during World War I. Cummings served as an ambulance driver during the war, when in late August 1917 he along with another driver, William Slater Brown (known in the...

Some of Cummings' most famous poems do not involve much, if any, odd typography or punctuation, but still carry his unmistakable style. For example, the aptly titled "anyone lived in a pretty how town" begins: Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town is a short film by George Lucas. ...

anyone lived in a pretty how town
(with up so floating many bells down)
spring summer autumn winter
he sang his didn't he danced his did

Women and men(both little and small)
cared for anyone not at all
they sowed their isn't they reaped their same
sun moon stars rain

"why must itself up every of a park" begins as follows:

why must itself up every of a park
anus stick some quote statue unquote to
prove that a hero equals any jerk
who was afraid to dare to answer "no"?

Readers sometimes experience a jarring, incomprehensible effect with Cummings' work, as the poems do not act in accordance with the conventional combinatorial rules that generate typical English sentences. (For example "Why must itself..." or "they sowed their isn't [...]"). His readings of Stein in the early part of the century probably served as a springboard to this aspect of his artistic development (in the same way that Robert Walser's work acted as a springboard for Franz Kafka). In some respects, Cummings' work is more stylistically continuous with Stein's than with any other poet or writer. from the Dial, January 1920 File links The following pages link to this file: E. E. Cummings User:Blankfaze/imagelist Categories: Images in the public domain in the United States ... from the Dial, January 1920 File links The following pages link to this file: E. E. Cummings User:Blankfaze/imagelist Categories: Images in the public domain in the United States ... For other uses, see Buffalo Bill (disambiguation). ... The January 1920 issue of the Dial. ... Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 â€“ July 27, 1946) was an American writer who became a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. ... Robert Walser (April 15, 1878 near Biel/Bienne, Switzerland â€“ December 25, 1956 near Herisau, Switzerland), was a German-speaking Swiss writer. ... Kafka redirects here. ...

In addition, a number of Cummings' poems feature, in part or in whole, intentional misspellings, and several incorporate phonetic spellings intended to represent particular dialects. Cummings also made use of inventive formations of compound words, as in "in Just-", which features words such as "mud-luscious", "puddle-wonderful", and "eddieandbill." This poem is part of a sequence of poems entitled Chansons Innocentes. It has many references comparing the "balloonman" to Pan, the mythical creature that is half-goat and half-man. Pan (Greek , genitive ) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music: paein means to pasture. ...

Many of Cummings' poems are satirical and address social issues (see "why must itself up every of a park", above), but have an equal or even stronger bias toward romanticism: time and again his poems celebrate love, sex and the season of rebirth (see "anyone lived in a pretty how town" in its entirety).

Cummings' talent extended to children's books, novels, and painting. A notable example of his versatility is an introduction he wrote for a collection of the comic strip Krazy Kat. In an essay or article, an introduction is a beginning section which states the purpose and goals of the following writing. ... This article is about the comic strip, the sequential art form as published in newspapers and on the Internet. ... Krazy Kat is a comic strip created by George Herriman that appeared in U.S. newspapers between 1913 and 1944. ...

Examples of Cummings' unorthodox typographical style can be seen in his poem "the sky was candy luminous...".

Plays

During his lifetime, Cummings published four plays: HIM (1927), Anthropos: or, the Future of Art (1930), Tom: A Ballet (1935), and Santa Claus: A Morality (1946).

For other uses, see Ballet (disambiguation). ... Uncle Toms Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, is American author Harriet Beecher Stowes fictional anti-slavery novel. ...

The final decade

In 1952, his alma mater, Harvard, awarded Cummings an honorary seat as a guest professor. The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures he gave in 1952 and 1953 were later collected as i: six nonlectures. For other uses, see Alma mater (disambiguation). ... Lectures held at Harvard University by distinguished academics. ...

Cummings spent the last decade of his life traveling, fulfilling speaking engagements, and spending time at his summer home, Joy Farm, in Silver Lake, New Hampshire. Silver Lake is a small town in New Hampshire located near the eastern broder of the state just south of Conway and the White Mountains. ...

Death

He died on September 3, 1962, at the age of 67 in North Conway, New Hampshire of a stroke. ^[10] His cremated remains were buried in Lot 748 Althaea Path, in Section 6, Forest Hills Cemetery and Crematory in Boston. In 1969, his third wife, Marion Morehouse Cummings, died and was buried in an adjoining plot: Lot 748, Althaea Path, Section 6. is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... North Conway is a census-designated place located in eastern Carroll County, New Hampshire. ... The Forest Hills Cemetery (1848) in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts (formerly in the city of Roxbury, now in the city of Boston) is an early suburban garden cemetery inspired by the Mount Auburn Cemetery. ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area - City 232. ...

Awards

During his lifetime, Cummings received numerous awards in recognition of his work, including:

// T.S. Eliot joins the publishing house of Faber & Gwyer, leaves Lloyds bank. ... Guggenheim Fellowships are awarded annually by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. ... // Black Mountain College founded as a progressive, experimental educational institution which attracted poets who became known as the Black Mountain School of poetry. ... The Shelley Memorial Award of more than $3,500, given out by the Poetry Society of America, was established by the will of the late Mary P. Sears, The prize is given to a living American poet selected with reference to genius and need. ... // Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress): Robert Penn Warren appointed this year. ... Harriet Monroe (1860-12-23 â€“ 1936-09-26) was an American editor, scholar, literary critic, and patron of the arts. ... // In 1950, Charles Olson published his seminal essay, Projective Verse. ... The Academy of American Poets is the largest organization in the United States dedicated to the art of poetry. ... // In 1950, Charles Olson published his seminal essay, Projective Verse. ... Guggenheim Fellowships are awarded annually by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. ... // Bad Lord Byron, a film directed by David Macdonald about the Romantic poet W.H. Auden, Nones Charles Causley, Farewell Aggie Weston Hugh Kenner, The Poetry of Ezra Pound, highly influential in causing a re-assessment of Pounds poetry Robert Lowell, The Mills of the Kavanaughs Peter Mason Opie... The brothers Charles Benjamin Norton, Frank Henry Norton, and Charles Eliot Norton, between 1853-1855. ... // E. E. Cummings is appointed to a Charles Eliot Norton Professorship at Harvard. ... // George Plimpton, Peter Matthiessen and Harold L. Humes found The Paris Review. ... The National Book Awards is one of the most preeminent literary prizes in the United States. ... // Howl obscenity trial in San Francisco brings significant attention to beat poetry, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg Donald Hall, Robert Pack and Louis Simpson, New Poets of England and America, anthology (Meridian Books) Harry Ammos, Churchill and Other Poems Dick Diespecker, Windows West Joan Finnegan, through The Glass, Darkly Northrop... The Bollingen Prize, awarded every two years by the Bollingen Foundation, is a prestigious literary honor bestowed on a poet in recognition of the best book of new verse within the last two years, or for lifetime achievement. ... // Queens Gold Medal for Poetry: Francis Cornford American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal in Poetry: Conrad Aiken National Book Award for Poetry: Robert Penn Warren, Promises: Poems, 1954-1956 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Stanley Kunitz, Selected Poems 1928-1958 April 15 - Benjamin Zephaniah, British dub poet March... // Howl obscenity trial in San Francisco brings significant attention to beat poetry, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg Donald Hall, Robert Pack and Louis Simpson, New Poets of England and America, anthology (Meridian Books) Harry Ammos, Churchill and Other Poems Dick Diespecker, Windows West Joan Finnegan, through The Glass, Darkly Northrop... The Ford Foundation is a charitable foundation incorporated in Michigan and based in New York City created to fund programs that promote democracy, reduce poverty, promote international understanding, and advance human achievement. ... // Aldous Huxley turns down the offer of a knighthood. ...

Bibliography

The Enormous Room is a 1922 memoir by the poet and novelist E. E. Cummings about his temporary imprisonment in France during World War I. Cummings served as an ambulance driver during the war, when in late August 1917 he along with another driver, William Slater Brown (known in the... // Pulitzer Prize for Poetry established The Criterion appears William Butler Yeats Who goes with Fergus (first published in 1892 is the song James Joyce has his character Stephen Daedalus sing to his mother as she lies dying in the novel Ulysses, published this year (the poem was Joyces favorite... Tulips and Chimneys is a collection of poetry by E. E. Cummings, published in 1926. ... // Djuna Barnes, A Book, collection of prose and poetry e. ... // T.S. Eliot joins the publishing house of Faber & Gwyer, leaves Lloyds bank. ... // T.S. Eliot joins the publishing house of Faber & Gwyer, leaves Lloyds bank. ... is 5 is a collection of poetry by E. E. Cummings, published in 1926. ... // The remains of English war poet Isaac Rosenberg are re-interred at Bailleul Road East Cemetery, Plot V, St. ... See also: 1926 in literature, other events of 1927, 1928 in literature, list of years in literature. ... // John Betjeman, Mount Zion Edmund Blunden publishes Wilfred Owens poems Hilda Doolittle (H.D.), Red Roses for Bronze Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Robert Frost: Collected Poems February 2 â€” Judith Viorst, American author known for her childrens books and poetry April 19 â€” Etheridge Knight, (died 1991), an African-American... Eimi (pronounced ) is a 1933 book by E. E. Cummings. ... // Black Mountain College founded as a progressive, experimental educational institution which attracted poets who became known as the Black Mountain School of poetry. ... No Thanks is a 1935 collection of poetry by E. E. Cummings. ... // George Oppen joins the Communist Party, where his organizing work will increasingly take precedence over his poetry; he writes no more verse until 1958. ... // Eric Gregory Award: Christopher Levenson Queens Gold Medal for Poetry: John Betjeman National Book Award for Poetry: Robert Lowell, Life Studies Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: W. D. Snodgrass: Hearts Needle January 14 - Ralph Chubb Poetry List of poetry awards Categories: | ... // Aldous Huxley is a screenwriter for the movie adaptation of Pride and Prejudice W.H. Auden, Another Time Sir John Betjeman, Old Lights for New Chancels T.S. Eliot, East Coker, published in New English Weekly Dylan Thomas, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog Pulitzer Prize for Poetry... // Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress): Robert Penn Warren appointed this year. ... // In 1950, Charles Olson published his seminal essay, Projective Verse. ... The Harvard University Press is a publishing house, a division of Harvard University, that is highly respected in academic publishing. ... // Robert Creeley founds and edits the Black Mountain Review Jack Kerouac reads Dwight Goddards A Buddhist Bible, which will influence him greatly. ... // Queens Gold Medal for Poetry: Francis Cornford American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal in Poetry: Conrad Aiken National Book Award for Poetry: Robert Penn Warren, Promises: Poems, 1954-1956 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Stanley Kunitz, Selected Poems 1928-1958 April 15 - Benjamin Zephaniah, British dub poet March... // Babette Deutsch, Collected Poems, 1919-1962 T.S. Eliot - Collected Poems 1909-1962 Philip Hobsbaum and Edward Lucie-Smith, editors, A Group Anthology Silvia Plath, The Bell Jar, an autobiographical novel published under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas Adrienne Rich, Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law, her third volume of poetry... Fairy Tales is a book of short stories by e. ... // Meic Stephens founds Poetry Wales Russian poet Anna Akhmatova was allowed to travel outside the Soviet Union to Sicily and England in order to receive the Taormina prize and an honorary doctoral degree from Oxford University Randall Jarrell, Little Friend, Little Friend Seamus Heaney, Death of a Naturalist Philip Larkin...

Contents

Name and capitalization

Birth and early years

Education

Career

Personal life

Marriages

Poetry

Plays

The final decade

Death

Awards

Bibliography

Further reading

Notes

External links

Audio recordings

Contents

Name and capitalization GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Birth and early years

Education

Career

Personal life

Marriages

Poetry

Plays

The final decade

Death

Awards

Bibliography

Further reading

Notes

External links

Audio recordings

Name and capitalization