Edward Morgan Forster
E. M. Forster aged 36 in 1915
Born	Edward Morgan Forster 1 January 1879(1879-01-01) Marylebone, London, England
Died	7 June 1970 (aged 91) Coventry, Warwickshire, England
Occupation	Writer (novels, short stories, essays)
Nationality	English
Writing period	1901-1970
Genres	Realism, Modernism
Subjects	Class Division
Influences Edward Carpenter, Samuel Butler, Leonard Woolf, Joseph Conrad
Influenced D. H. Lawrence, David Leavitt and Siegfried Sassoon
Signature

Edward Morgan Forster, OM (1 January 1879–7 June 1970), was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist, and librettist. He is known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society. Forster's humanistic impulse toward understanding and sympathy may be aptly summed up in the epigraph to his 1910 novel Howards End: "Only connect". File links The following pages link to this file: E. M. Forster ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Marylebone (sometimes written St. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Coventry (disambiguation). ... A detailed map Stratford-upon-Avon Kenilworth Castle Warwickshire (pronounced // or //) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in central England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about work. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or content. ... Look up realism, realist, realistic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... This article is in need of attention. ... An essayist is an author who writes compositions which can be about any particular subject. ... Libretto can also refer to a sub-notebook PC manufactured by Toshiba. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 20th century For other uses, see 20th century (disambiguation). ... For the specific belief system, see Humanism (life stance). ... In literature, an epigraph is a quotation that is placed at the start of a work or section that expresses in some succinct way an aspect or theme of what is to follow. ... Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, which tells a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-century England. ...

Forster was homosexual, but this fact was not widely made public during his lifetime.^[1] His posthumously published novel Maurice tells of the coming of age of an explicitly homosexual male character. Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ... E. M. Forsters Maurice Maurice is a novel attributed to E. M. Forster. ...

Early years

Forster was born at 6 Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London NW1. (The building no longer exists). His father was an architect and died when Forster was only a year old. Among Forster's ancestors were members of the Clapham Sect. As a boy he inherited £8,000 from his paternal great-aunt Marianne Thornton, daughter of the abolitionist Henry Thornton, which was enough to live on and enabled him to become a writer. He attended Tonbridge School in Kent as a day boy. The theatre at the school is named after him. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Clapham Sect was an influential group of like-minded social reformers in England at the beginning of the nineteenth century (active c. ... This article is about slavery. ... Henry Thornton (1760 - 1815), economist, banker, philanthropist and MP for Southwark was one of the founders of the Clapham Sect and campaigner for the abolition of the slave trade. ... Tonbridge School is a British independent all boys boarding school in Tonbridge, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde. ... For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ...

At King's College, Cambridge, between 1897 and 1901, he became a member of the Apostles (formally named the Cambridge Conversazione Society), a discussion society. Many of its members went on to constitute what came to be known as the Bloomsbury Group, of which Forster was a peripheral member in the 1910s and 1920s. There is a famous recreation of Forster's Cambridge at the beginning of The Longest Journey. For other uses, see Kings College. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Trinity College Great Court. ... The Bloomsbury Group was an English collective of loving friends and relatives who lived in or near London during the first half of the twentieth century. ... The Longest Journey (1907) is a Bildungsroman by E. M. Forster. ...

After leaving university he travelled on the continent with his mother. He visited Egypt, Germany and India with the classicist Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson in 1914. When the First World War broke out, he became a conscientious objector; while engaged in hospital work for the Red Cross in Egypt in the winter of 1916-17, he met in Alexandria a seventeen-year-old tram conductor, Mohammed el-Adl, with whom he fell in love. He later wrote of the experience, which was his first gay sexual encounter, "I am so happy - not for the actual pleasure but because the last barrier has fallen". Mohammed was to become one of the principal inspirations for Forster's literary work. When the youth died of tuberculosis in Alexandria in the spring of 1922, Forster was driven to keep his memory alive and attempted to do so in the form of a book-length letter, preserved at King's College, Cambridge. The letter begins with a quotation from A. E. Housman: "Good-night, my lad, for nought's eternal; No league of ours, for sure"; it concludes with an acknowledgment that the task of resurrecting their love is impossible. Goldworthy Lowes Dickinson (1862-1932) was an English historian and political activist. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... John T. Neufeld was a WWI conscientious objector sentenced to 15 years hard labour in the military prison at Leavenworth. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This article is about the city in Egypt. ... A train Conductor // The Conductor is the railway employee charged with the management of a freight, passenger, or various other types of train, and is also the direct supervisor of the trains Train Crew (brakeman, flagman, ticket collector, assistant conductor, on board service personnel). ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alfred Edward Housman (IPA: ; March 26, 1859 – April 30, 1936), usually known as A.E. Housman, was an English poet and classical scholar, now best known for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad. ...

Forster spent a second spell in India in the early 1920s as the private secretary to the Maharajah of Dewas. The Hill of Devi is his non-fictional account of this trip. While living at the court, Forster has the first ongoing sexual relationship of his life, with Kanaya, a young boy who serves him also as barber. After returning from India, he completed his last novel, A Passage to India (1924), which became his most famous and widely-translated work and for which he won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. Dewas is a city in western Madhya Pradesh state of central India. ... The Hill of Devi is an account by E. M. Forster of two visits to India in 1912-13 and 1921, during which he worked as the private secretary to the Maharaja of the state of Dewas Senior. ... A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. ... Founded in 1919, the James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are among the oldest and most prestigious book prizes awarded for literature written in the English Language. ...

After A Passage to India

Forster stopped writing novels at the age of 45, and produced little more fiction apart from short stories intended only for himself and a small circle of friends.

In the 1930s and 1940s Forster became a successful broadcaster on BBC Radio and a public figure associated with the British Humanist Association. He was awarded a Benson Medal in 1937. BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927. ... The British Humanist Association is an organisation of the United Kingdom which promotes Humanism. ... The AC Benson Medal or Benson Medal is a medal awarded by the Royal Society of Literature. ... See also: 1936 in literature, other events of 1937, 1938 in literature, list of years in literature. ...

Forster had a happy personal relationship, beginning in the early 1930s, with Bob Buckingham, a constable in the London Metropolitan Police. He developed a friendship with Buckingham's wife May and included the couple in his circle, which also included the writer and editor of The Listener J.R. Ackerley, the psychologist W.J.H. Sprott, and, for a time, the composer Benjamin Britten. Other writers with whom Forster associated included the poet Siegfried Sassoon and the Belfast-based novelist Forrest Reid. The Metropolitan Police Service (usually just referred to as the Metropolitan Police or the Met) are the police of Greater London, England, with the exception of the square mile of the City of London, which has its own police force, the City of London Police. ... The Listener was a weekly magazine established by the BBC under Lord Reith in January 1929. ... (1896-1967) Joseph Randolph Ackerley was a British writer and editor, a protégé of E.M. Forster, who wrote many tales of homosexual love. ... Britten redirects here. ... Siegfried Loraine Sassoon, CBE MC (8 September 1886 – 1 September 1967) was an English poet and author. ... This article is about the capital city of Northern Ireland. ... Forrest Reid (1875-1947). ...

After the death of his mother, Forster accepted an honorary fellowship at King's College, Cambridge, and lived for the most part in the college, doing relatively little. In 1969 he was made a member of the Order of Merit. Forster died in Coventry the following year at the age of 91, at the home of the Buckinghams. It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... For other uses, see Kings College. ... The Order of Merit is a British Order (decoration). ... For other uses, see Coventry (disambiguation). ...

Novels

Forster had five novels published in his lifetime. Although Maurice appeared shortly after his death, it had been written nearly sixty years earlier. A seventh novel, Arctic Summer, was never finished. E. M. Forsters Maurice Maurice is a novel attributed to E. M. Forster. ...

His first novel, Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905), is the story of Lilia, a young English widow who falls in love with an Italian man, and of the efforts of her bourgeois relatives to get her back from Monteriano (based on San Gimignano). The mission of Philip Herriton to retrieve her from Italy has features in common with that of Lambert Strether in Henry James's The Ambassadors, a work Forster discussed ironically and somewhat disapprovingly in his book Aspects of the Novel (1927). Where Angels Fear to Tread was adapted into a film by Charles Sturridge in 1991. DVD cover for the film of Where Angels Fear to Tread. ... For other uses, see 1905 (disambiguation). ... Languages Italian, Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetian, Ladin, Friulian Religions predominantly Roman Catholic      The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. ... Bourgeois at the end of the thirteenth century. ... Monteriano is a fictional Tuscan hill town. ... San Gimignano is a small walled medieval hilltop town in Tuscany, Italy, about a 35-minute drive northwest of Siena or southwest of Florence. ... Lewis Lambert Strether is the protagonist of Henry Jamess 1903 novel The Ambassadors. ... For other uses of this name, see Henry James (disambiguation). ... The Ambassadors is a 1903 novel by Henry James, originally published as a serial in the North American Review. ... Charles Sturridge (born June 24, 1951) is a British television and movie director. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Next, Forster published The Longest Journey (1907), an inverted bildungsroman following the lame Rickie Elliott from Cambridge to a career as a struggling writer and then to a post as a schoolmaster, married to the unappetising Agnes Pembroke. In a series of scenes on the hills of Wiltshire which introduce Rickie's wild half-brother Stephen Wonham, Forster attempts a kind of sublime related to those of Thomas Hardy and D. H. Lawrence. The Longest Journey (1907) is a Bildungsroman by E. M. Forster. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A Bildungsroman (IPA: /, German: novel of self-cultivation) is a novelistic variation of the monomyth that concentrates on the spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the protagonist usually from childhood to maturity. ... In aesthetics, the sublime (from the Latin sublimis (exalted)) is the quality of transcendent greatness, whether physical, moral, intellectual or artistic. ... Thomas Hardy redirects here. ... David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was an English writer of the 20th century, whose prolific and diverse output included novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism, and personal letters. ...

Forster's third novel, A Room with a View (1908), is his lightest and most optimistic. It was started before any of his others, as early as 1901, and exists in earlier forms referred to as "Lucy". The book is the story of young Lucy Honeychurch's trip to Italy with her cousin, and the choice she must make between the free-thinking George Emerson and the repressed aesthete Cecil Vyse. George's father Mr Emerson quotes thinkers who influenced Forster, including Samuel Butler. A Room with a View was filmed by Merchant-Ivory in 1985. This article is about the E. M Forster novel. ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Samuel Butler Samuel Butler (December 4, 1835 - June 18, 1902) was a British writer best known for his satire Erewhon. ... A Room with a View is a 1986 Merchant Ivory Productions Academy Award-winning feature film, with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. ... Merchant Ivory Productions is a film company founded by director James Ivory and producer Ismail Merchant, best known for its period costume dramas. ...

Where Angels Fear to Tread and A Room with a View can be seen collectively as Forster's Italian novels. Both include references to the famous Baedeker guidebooks and concern narrow-minded middle-class English tourists abroad. The books share many themes with short stories collected in The Celestial Omnibus and The Eternal Moment. Karl Baedeker (not Baedecker) (3 November 1801 - 4 October 1859) was a publisher whose company set the standard for authoritative guidebooks for tourists. ... The Celestial Omnibus is the title of a collection of short stories by E.M. Forster, first published in 1911. ... The Eternal Moment is the title of a collection of short stories by E.M. Forster, first published in 1928. ...

Howards End (1910) is an ambitious "condition-of-England" novel concerned with different groups within the Edwardian middle classes represented by the Schlegels (bohemian intellectuals), the Wilcoxes (thoughtless plutocrats) and the Basts (struggling lower-middle-class aspirants). Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, which tells a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-century England. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Edwardian period or Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period 1901 to 1910, the reign of King Edward VII. It is sometimes extended to include the period to the start of World War I in 1914 or even the end of the war in 1918. ...

It is frequently observed that characters in Forster's novels die suddenly. This is true of Where Angels Fear to Tread, Howards End and, most particularly, The Longest Journey.

Forster achieved his greatest success with A Passage to India (1924). The novel takes as its subject the relationship between East and West, seen through the lens of India in the later days of the British Raj. Forster connects personal relationships with the politics of colonialism through the story of the Englishwoman Adela Quested, the Indian Dr Aziz, and the question of what did or did not happen between them in the Marabar Caves. A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures, social structures and philosophical systems of the East, namely Asia (including China, India, Japan, and surrounding regions). ... Occident redirects here. ... Anthem God Save The King-Emperor The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (1858 - 1912) New Delhi (1912 - 1947) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1858-1901 Victoria¹  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...

Maurice (1971) was published after the novelist's death. It is a homosexual love story which also returns to matters familiar from Forster's first three novels, such as the suburbs of London in the English home counties, the experience of attending Cambridge, and the wild landscape of Wiltshire. The novel was controversial, given that Forster's sexuality had not been previously known or widely acknowledged. Today's critics continue to argue over the extent to which Forster's sexuality, even his personal activities,^[2] influenced his writing. E. M. Forsters Maurice Maurice is a novel attributed to E. M. Forster. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ... “Suburbia” redirects here. ... The phrase Home Counties is used to designate the group of English counties which border or surround London. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. ... Not to be confused with Wilshire. ...

Key themes

Forster's views as a secular humanist are at the heart of his work, which often depicts the pursuit of personal connections in spite of the restrictions of contemporary society. His humanist attitude is expressed in the non-fictional essay What I Believe. Secular humanism is a humanist philosophy that upholds reason, ethics, and justice, and specifically rejects the supernatural and the spiritual as warrants of moral reflection and decision-making. ... What I Believe is the title of two essays by Bertrand Russell (1925) and E.M. Forster (1938) espousing secular humanism. ...

Forster's two best-known works, A Passage to India and Howards End, explore the irreconcilability of class differences. Although considered by some to have less serious literary weight, A Room with a View also shows how questions of propriety and class can make connection difficult. The novel is his most widely read and accessible work, remaining popular long after its original publication. His posthumous novel Maurice explores the possibility of class reconciliation as one facet of a homosexual relationship. A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. ... Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, which tells a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-century England. ... This article is about the E. M Forster novel. ... E. M. Forsters Maurice Maurice is a novel attributed to E. M. Forster. ...

Sexuality is another key theme in Forster's works, and it has been argued that a general shift from heterosexual love to homosexual love can be detected over the course of his writing career. The foreword to Maurice describes his struggle with his own homosexuality, while similar issues are explored in several volumes of homosexually charged short stories. Forster's explicitly homosexual writings, the novel Maurice and the short-story collection The Life to Come, were published shortly after his death. Heterosexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by esthetic attraction, romantic love or sexual desire exclusively for members of the opposite sex or gender, contrasted with homosexuality and distinguished from bisexuality and asexuality. ... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ... E. M. Forsters Maurice Maurice is a novel attributed to E. M. Forster. ... The Life to Come is a short story by E. M. Forster, written in 1922 and published posthumously in The Life to Come (and Other Stories) in 1972. ...

Forster is noted for his use of symbolism as a technique in his novels, and he has been criticised (as by his friend Roger Fry) for his attachment to mysticism. One example of his symbolism is the Wych Elm tree in Howards End; the characters of Mrs Wilcox in that novel and Mrs Moore in A Passage to India have a mystical link with the past and a striking ability to connect with people from beyond their own circles. River with Poplars, circa 1912, Tate Gallery. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Binomial nomenclature Ulmus glabra Huds. ... Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, which tells a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-century England. ... A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. ...

Notes

Notable works by Forster

Novels

• Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905)
• The Longest Journey (1907)
• A Room with a View (1908)
• Howards End (1910)
• A Passage to India (1924)
• Maurice (written in 1913–14, published posthumously in 1971)
• Arctic Summer (an incomplete fragment, written in 1912–13, published posthumously in 2003)

DVD cover for the film of Where Angels Fear to Tread. ... The Longest Journey (1907) is a Bildungsroman by E. M. Forster. ... This article is about the E. M Forster novel. ... Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, which tells a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-century England. ... A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. ... E. M. Forsters Maurice Maurice is a novel attributed to E. M. Forster. ...

Short stories

• The Celestial Omnibus (and other stories) (1911)
• The Eternal Moment and other stories (1928)
• Collected Short Stories (1947) (a combination of the above two titles, containing:
  • "The Story of A Panic"
  • "The Other Side Of The Hedge"
  • "The Celestial Omnibus"
  • "Other Kingdom"
  • "The Curate's Friend"
  • "The Road From Colonus"
  • "The Machine Stops"
  • "The Point Of It"
  • "Mr Andrews"
  • "Co-ordination"
  • "The Story Of The Cheesy Siren"
  • "The Eternal Moment"
• The Life to Come and other stories (1972) (posthumous) (containing the following stories written between approximately 1903 and 1960:
  • "Ansell"
  • "Albergo Empedocle"
  • "The Purple Envelope"
  • "The Helping Hand"
  • "The Rock"
  • "The Life to Come"
  • "Dr Woolacott"
  • "Arthur Snatchfold"
  • "The Obelisk"
  • "What Does It Matter? A Morality"
  • "The Classical Annex"
  • "The Torque"
  • "The Other Boat"
  • "Three Courses and a Dessert: Being a New and Gastronomic Version of the Old Game of Consequences"
  • "My Wood"

The Celestial Omnibus is the title of a collection of short stories by E.M. Forster, first published in 1911. ... The Eternal Moment is the title of a collection of short stories by E.M. Forster, first published in 1928. ... The Other Side Of The Hedge is a short story by Edward Morgan Forster. ... The Machine Stops is a short science fiction story by E. M. Forster. ... The Life to Come is a short story by E. M. Forster, written in 1922 and published posthumously in The Life to Come (and Other Stories) in 1972. ... The Classical Annex is a short story by E. M. Forster, written in 1930-1931 and published posthumously in The Life to Come (and Other Stories) in 1972. ... The Other Boat is a short story by E. M. Forster, written in 1957-1958 and published posthumously in The Life to Come (and Other Stories) in 1972. ...

Plays and pageants

• Abinger Pageant (1934)
• England's Pleasant Land (1940)

Film scripts

• A Diary for Timothy (1945) (directed by Humphrey Jennings, spoken by Michael Redgrave)

Humphrey Jennings, (August 19, 1907 Walberswick, Suffolk - September 24, 1950 Greece), was a British film-maker and one of the founders of the Mass Observation organization. ... Sir Michael Scudamore Redgrave CBE (March 20, 1908—March 21, 1985) was an English actor of great renown. ...

Libretto

• Billy Budd (1951) (based on Melville's novel, for the opera by Britten)

Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. ... Billy Budd is a short novel written around 1891 by Herman Melville. ... Britten redirects here. ...

Collections of essays and broadcasts

• Abinger Harvest (1936)
• Two Cheers for Democracy (1951)

Literary criticism

• Aspects of the Novel (1927)
• The Feminine Note in Literature (posthumous) (2001)

Biography

• Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson (1934)
• Marianne Thornton, A Domestic Biography (1956)

Travel writing

• Alexandria: A History and Guide (1922)
• Pharos and Pharillon (A Novelist's Sketchbook of Alexandria Through the Ages) (1923)
• The Hill of Devi (1953)

Miscellaneous writings

• Selected Letters (1983–85)
• Commonplace Book (1985)
• Locked Diary (2007) (held at King's College, Cambridge)

For other uses, see Kings College. ...

Notable films based upon novels by Forster

• A Passage to India (1984), dir. David Lean
• A Room with a View (1985), dir. James Ivory
• Maurice (1987), dir. James Ivory
• Where Angels Fear to Tread (1991), dir. Charles Sturridge
• Howards End (1992), dir. James Ivory

A Passage to India is a 1984 film directed by David Lean, based on the novel of the same name by E. M. Forster. ... A Room with a View is a 1986 Merchant Ivory Productions Academy Award-winning feature film, with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. ... Maurice is a 1987 film based on the novel of the same title by E. M. Forster. ... Where Angels Fear to Tread is a 1991 film based on the 1905 novel, Where Angels Fear to Tread, by E. M. Forster. ... Howards End is a 1991 (released in 1992) film adaptation of E.M. Forsters 1910 novel Howards End, a story of class struggle in turn-of-the-20th-century England. ...

Secondary works on Forster

• Abrams, M.H. and Stephen Greenblatt, "E.M. Forster." The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Vol. 2C, 7th Edition. New York: W.W. Norton, 2000: 2131-2140.
• Ackerley, J. R., E. M. Forster: A Portrait (Ian McKelvie, London, 1970)
• Bakshi, Parminder Kaur, Distant Desire. Homoerotic Codes and the Subversion of the English Novel in E. M. Forster's Fiction (New York, 1996).
• Beauman, Nicola, Morgan (London, 1993).
• Brander, Lauwrence, E.M. Forster. A critical study (London, 1968).
• Cavaliero, Glen, A Reading of E.M. Forster (London, 1979).
• Colmer, John, E.M. Forster - The personal voice (London, 1975).
• Crews, Frederick, E. M. Forster: The Perils of Humanism (Textbook Publishers, 2003).
• E.M. Forster, ed. by Norman Page, Macmillan Modern Novelists (Houndmills, 1987).
• E.M. Forster: The critical heritage, ed. by Philip Gardner (London, 1973).
• Forster: A collection of Critical Essays, ed. by Malcolm Bradbury (New Jersey, 1966).
• Furbank, P.N., E.M. Forster: A Life (London, 1977-78).
• Haag, Michael, Alexandria: City of Memory (London and New Haven, 2004). This portrait of Alexandria during the first half of the twentieth century includes a biographical account of E.M. Forster, his life in the city, his relationship with Constantine Cavafy, and his influence on Lawrence Durrell.
• King, Francis, E.M. Forster and his World, (London, 1978).
• Martin, John Sayre, E.M. Forster. The endless journey (London, 1976).
• Martin, Robert K. and Piggford, George (eds.) Queer Forster (Chicago, 1997)
• Mishra, Pankaj (ed.) "E.M. Forster." India in Mind: An Anthology. New York: Vintage Books, 2005: 61-70.
• Scott, P.J.M., E.M. Forster: Our Permanent Contemporary, Critical Studies Series (London, 1984).
• Summers, Claude J., E.M. Forster (New York, 1983).
• Trilling, Lionel, E. M. Forster: A Study (Norfolk: New Directions, 1943).
• Wilde, Alan, Art and Order. A Study of E.M. Forster (New York, 1967).

W. W. Norton & Company is an American book publishing company. ... Constantine P. Cavafy, also known as Konstantin or Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis, or Kavaphes (Greek Κωνσταντίνος Π. Καβάφης) (April 29, 1863 – April 29, 1933) was a major Alexandrine poet who worked as a journalist and civil servant. ... Lawrence George Durrell (February 27, 1912 – November 7, 1990) was an expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer, though he resisted affiliation with Britain and preferred to be considered cosmopolitan. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

E. M. Forster

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E. M. Forster

General portals Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...

• Aspects of E.M. Forster
• 'Only Connect': The unofficial Forster site
• Pharos: E. M. Forster

Sources

• Works by E. M. Forster at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
• Works by E. M. Forster at Internet Archive (scanned early editions illustrated)
• E.M. Forster Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
• The Paris Review interview with E. M. Forster

Gay information Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive and distribute cultural works. ... Internet Archive headquarters is in the Presidio, a former US military base in San Francisco. ... The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center (usually shortened to HRHRC or just HRC) is an archive at the University of Texas at Austin, specializing in the collection of literary and other cultural artifacts from the United States and Europe. ... University of Texas redirects here. ...

• With Downcast Gays, Andrew Hodges and David Hutter, The Gay Liberation pamphlet (1974)
• E.M. Forster on glbtq.com