NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Economy of Togo

Subsistence agriculture is the main economic activity in Togo; the majority of the population depends on subsistence agriculture. Food and cash crop production employs the majority of the labor force and contributes about 42% to the gross domestic product (GDP). Coffee and cocoa are traditionally the major cash crops for export, but cotton cultivation increased rapidly in the 1990s, with 173,000 metric tons produced in 1999. Subsistence agriculture is agriculture carried out for survival — with few or no crops available for sale. ... In agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is sold for money. ... In economics, gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the value of economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms during a specified period. ... Coffee beans and a cup of coffee Coffee as a drink, usually served hot, is prepared from the roasted seeds (beans) of the coffee plant. ... Cocoa may refer to either the dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree, which are used to make chocolate; or, more usually in the United States, to cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding the seeds and removing the cocoa butter. ... Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday Anno Domini (or the Current Era), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

After a disastrous harvest in 2001 (113,000 metric tons), production rebounded to 168,000 metric tons in 2002. Despite insufficient rainfall in some areas, the Togolese Government has achieved its goal of self-sufficiency in food crops — maize, cassava, yams, sorghum, millet, and groundnut. Small and medium-sized farms produce most of the food crop; the average farm size is one to three hectares. 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ... Binomial name Manihot esculenta Crantz The cassava or manioc (Manihot esculenta; also yuca in Spanish, mandioca, aipim, or macaxeira in Portuguese, and mandio in GuaranÃ) is a woody perennial shrub of the spurge family, that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop for its edible starchy tuberous root. ... For the Levantine god of the untamed sea (sometimes called Yam), see Yaw (god). ... Species Hybrids Sorghum, also known as jowar, (Sorghum vulgare or Sorghum bicolor) is a grass (family Poaceae) which is used for food, fodder, and the production of alcoholic beverages. ... Pearl millet in the field Ripe head of proso millet The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. ... This article is about peanut, the food. ... A hectare (symbol ha) is a metric unit of area. ...

Commerce

Commerce is an important economic activity in Togo, and Lome is an important regional trading center. Its port operates 24 hours a day, mainly transporting goods to the inland countries of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. Lomé, estimated population 700,000 (1998), is the capital of Togo. ...

Lome's "Grand Marche" is known for its entrepreneurial market women, who have a stronghold over many areas of trade, particularly in African cloth. In addition to textiles, Togo is an important center for re-export of alcohol, cigarettes, perfume, and used automobiles to neighboring countries. Recent years of political instability have, however, eroded Togo's position as a trading center. A variety of fabric. ... This article is about the type of fabric. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl Ø§Ù„ÙƒØÙˆÙ„, or al-ghawl Ø§Ù„ØºÙˆÙ„) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... A cigarette will burn to ash on one end. ... Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a lasting and pleasant smell. ... Car redirects here. ... Togos transition to democracy is stalled. ...

Industry

In the industrial sector, phosphates are Togo's most important commodity, and the country has an estimated 60 million metric tons of phosphate reserves. From a high point of 2.7 million tons in 1997, production dropped to approximately 1.1 million tons in 2002. The fall in production is partly the result of the depletion of easily accessible deposits and the lack of funds for new investment. The formerly state-run company appears to have benefited from private management, which took over in 2001. Togo also has substantial limestone and marble deposits. In chemistry, a phosphate is a polyatomic ion or radical consisting of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen. ... The word commodity is a term with distinct meanings in business and in Marxian political economy. ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Marble This page is about the metamorphic rock. ...

Encouraged by the commodity boom of the mid-1970s, which resulted in a four-fold increase in phosphate prices and sharply increased government revenues, Togo embarked on an overly ambitious program of large investments in infrastructure while pursuing industrialization and development of state enterprises in manufacturing, textiles, and beverages. However, following declines in world prices for commodities, its economy became burdened with fiscal imbalances, heavy borrowing, and unprofitable state enterprises. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This article is about the type of fabric. ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids, see Drinking. ...

Togo turned to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for assistance in 1979, while simultaneously implementing a stringent adjustment effort with the help of a series of IMF standby programs, World Bank loans, and Paris Club debt rescheduling. Under these programs, the Togolese Government introduced a series of austerity measures and major restructuring goals for the state enterprise and rural development sectors. These reforms were aimed at eliminating most state monopolies, simplifying taxes and customs duties, curtailing public employment, and privatizing major state enterprises. Togo made good progress under the international financial institutions' programs in the late 1980s, but movement on reforms ended with the onset of political instability in 1990. With a new, elected government in place, Togo negotiated new 3-year programs with the World Bank and IMF in 1994. The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... The Paris Club is an informal group of financial officials from 19 of the worlds richest countries, which provides financial services such as debt restructuring, debt relief, and debt cancellation to indebted countries and their creditors. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Togo returned to the Paris Club in 1995 and received Naples terms, the club's most concessionary rates. With the economic downturn associated with Togo's political problems, scheduled external debt service obligations for 1994 were greater than 100% of projected government revenues (excluding bilateral and multilateral assistance). By 2001, Togo was embarked on an IMF Staff Monitored Program designed to restore macroeconomic stability and financial discipline but without any new IMF resources pending new legislative elections. New IMF, World Bank and Africa Development Bank (ADB) lending must await the willingness of Togo’s traditional donors – the European Union, principally, but the US also – to resume aid flows. So far, Togo’s problematic legislative and presidential elections and the government’s continued unwillingness to transition from an Eyadéma-led autocracy to democracy have deterred these donors from providing Togo with more aid. As of the fall 2002, Togo was $15 million in arrears to the World Bank and owed $3 million to the ADB. 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... GnassingbÃ© EyadÃ©ma - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Togo is one of 16 members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The ECOWAS development fund is based in Lome. Togo also is a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), which groups seven West African countries using the CFA franc. The West African Development Bank (BOAD), which is associated with UEMOA, is based in Lome. Togo long served as a regional banking center, but that position has been eroded by the political instability and economic downturn of the early 1990s. Historically, France has been Togo's principal trading partner, although other European Union countries are important to Togo's economy. Total U.S. trade with Togo amounts to about $16 million annually. The Economic Community of West African States is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when 15 West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... The countries using the CFA franc The CFA franc (in French: franc CFA, or just franc in everyday conversation if no ambiguity is possible) is a currency used in 12 formerly French-ruled African countries, as well as in Guinea-Bissau (former Portuguese colony) and in Equatorial Guinea (former Spanish... Lomé, estimated population 700,000 (1998), is the capital of Togo. ... ...

Statistics

GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 39.5%
industry: 20.4%
services: 40.1% (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line: 32% (1989 est.) The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Unemployment rate: NA (2003 est.) Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California during the Great Depression. ...

Budget:
revenues: $214.5 million
expenditures: $296.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)

Agriculture - products: coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish

Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Electricity - production: 0.1016 TWh (2001) To help compare different orders of magnitude we list here energies between 1014 joules and 1015 joules. ...

Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 93.33%
hydro: 6.67%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)

Electricity - consumption: 0.6145 TWh (2001) The terawatt hour (TW·h) is a unit for measuring energy. ...

Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF);
responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States The countries using the CFA franc The CFA franc (in French: franc CFA, or just franc in everyday conversation if no ambiguity is possible) is a currency used in 12 formerly French-ruled African countries, as well as in Guinea-Bissau (former Portuguese colony) and in Equatorial Guinea (former Spanish...

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)

Contents

Agriculture

Commerce

Industry

Statistics

See also

Contents

Agriculture var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Commerce

Industry

Statistics

See also

Agriculture