Education in Argentina has a convoluted history. There was no effective educational plan until President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1868–1874) placed emphasis on bringing Argentina up to date with practices in developed countries. Sarmiento encouraged the immigration and settling of European educators and built schools and public libraries throughout the country, in a programme that finally doubled the enrollment of students during his term. In Argentina, Teacher's Day (on September 11) commemorates his death. Current President Néstor Kirchner The President of Argentina (full title: President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the head of state of Argentina. ... Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracín (February 15, 1811 – September 11, 1888) was an Argentine statesman, educator, and author. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... A modern-style library in Chambéry A library is a collection of information resources and services, organized for use, and maintained by a public body, institution, or private individual. ... Teachers Day is a national holiday in some countries. ... This article is about the date September 11 in general. ...

The first law mandating universal, compulsory, free and secular education (Law 1420 of Common Education) was sanctioned in 1884 during the rule of Julio Argentino Roca. The non-religious character of this system harmed the relations between the Argentine State and the Catholic Church, leading to resistance from the local clergy and a heated conflict with the Holy See (through the Papal Nuncio). The Law 1420 of General Common Education of Argentina was a landmark national law that dictated public compulsory, free and secular education. ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 - October 19, 1914) was an army general who served as President of Argentina from 12 October 1880 to 12 October 1886 and again from 12 October 1898 to 12 October 1904. ... The first conflicts between the Roman Catholic Church and the Argentine government can be traced to the ideas of the May Revolution of 1810. ... Nuncio is an ecclesiastical diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin Nuntius, meaning any envoy. ...

Religious education was re-established in 1943, during the brief dictatorship of Pedro Pablo Ramírez. During the rule of Juan Domingo Perón (1945–1955), public education was used to further the president and his wife's personality cult (pictures of Perón and Evita were prominently displayed in them, pieces of their writings were used as reading materials, etc.). Perón first re-affirmed the religious education decree of 1943, and then, for political reasons, repealed it in 1954. Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... General Pedro Pablo Ramírez Machuca (1884 - 1962) was President of Argentina from June 7, 1943 to February 24, 1944. ... Juan Domingo Perón (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine military officer and the President of Argentina from 1946 to 1955 and from 1973 to 1974. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Adolf Hitler built a strong cult of personality, based on the Führerprinzip. ... María Eva Duarte de Perón (May 7, 1919 – July 26, 1952) was the second wife of Argentine President Juan Domingo Perón (1895–1974) and the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

After the Revolución Libertadora (the military coup d'état of 1955) deposed Perón, all propaganda books were removed, and the very mention or depiction of Perón and Evita was forbidden. The ensuing weak constitutional governments and short-lived military regimes each employed censorship and propaganda in education after their own ideological biases. The Revolución Libertadora (Spanish, Liberating Revolution) was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina, in 1955. ... A coup d’état (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Censorship is the editing, removing, or otherwise changing speech and other forms of human expression. ... An Australian anti-conscription propaganda poster from World War One Propaganda is a type of message aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of people. ...

While the economy has steadily recovered since 2002, most public educational institutions (schools and universities) are chronically underfunded, and often suffer disruptions due to teacher strikes. However, according to the UNESCO, Argentina has the best level of education of Latin America, and one of the best of the world. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ...

Achievements

In spite of its many problems, Argentina's higher education managed to reach worldwide levels of excellence in the sixties. The country can claim three Nobel Prize winners in the sciences: Luis Federico Leloir, Bernardo Houssay and César Milstein. Nobel Prize medal. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Leloir in his 20s Luis Federico Leloir (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987) was a biochemist born in Paris but who lived all his life in Argentina. ... Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887–September 21, 1971) was an Argentinian physiologist who received (with Carl and Gerty Cori) the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals. ... César Milstein (October 8, 1927 – March 24, 2002), an Argentine-born scientist who spent most of his life in Great Britain. ...

Characteristics

Education in Argentina is divided in three phases. The first comprises grades first to ninth, and is called Educación General Básica or EGB (Spanish, "Basic General Education"). EGB is divided in three stages, called ciclos ("cycles"):

1. EGB I: 1st, 2nd and 3rd school years
2. EGB II: 4th, 5th and 6th school years
3. EGB III: 7th, 8th and 9th school years

Once the EGB is completed, the student finishes the mandatory schooling period and can choose to start secondary education, called Polimodal, which usually last two to three more years. EGB is mandatory to all students, although desertion is high in some parts of the country and laws intended to prevent this are rarely enforced.

The third stage is college education.

Primary education

Primary education comprises the first two EGB cycles (grades 1–6). Because of the system that was in place until 1995 (7 years of primary school plus 5 or 6 of secondary school), primary schools used to offer grades 1–7, although most are already converted to accept 8th and 9th, others chose to eliminate 7th grade altogether, forcing the students to complete the 3rd cycle in another institution. 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Secondary education

Secondary education in Argentina is called Polimodal ("polymodal", that is, having multiple modes), since it allows the student to choose his/her orientation. Polimodal is not obligatory but its completion is a requirement to enter colleges across the nation. Polimodal is usually 3 years of schooling, although some schools have a fourth year.

Conversely to what happened on primary schools, most secondary schools in Argentina contained grades 8th and 9th, plus Polimodal (old secondary) but now are converting to accept also 7th grade students, thus allowing them to keep their same classmates for the whole EGB III cycle.

College education

There are plenty of public, free universities in Argentina. Private universities are also abundant, but sometimes they are reserved only to the most affluent students. See University reform in Argentina and List of Argentine universities. The Argentine university reform of 1918 was a general modernisation of the universities, especially tending towards democratisation, brought about by student activism. ... This is a list of public and private universities in Argentina, grouped by region and/or province. ...

External links

• Learning in Argentina
• Ministry of Culture: Argentine Education
• Statistics and more statistics about education in Argentina
• Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnologia