NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ethnic Macedonians

The Macedonians (Македонци, Makedonci) - also referred to as Macedonian Slavs ^[1] - are a South Slavic ethnic group who are primarily associated with the Republic of Macedonia. They speak the Macedonian language, a South Slavic language, and most of them are part of the Macedonian Orthodox Church. The overwhelming majority of ethnic Macedonians live in the Republic of Macedonia, although there are also minority communities in neighboring Serbia, Greece (in Greek/Aegean Macedonia where the overwhelming majority Greeks are also self-identify as Macedonians), Albania and Bulgaria, as well as in other diaspora communities in a number of other countries. The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples currently living in Europe. ... Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian 1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence From Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 kmÂ² (149th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ... The Macedonian language (ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ... This article or section should be merged with List of South Slavic languages South Slavic languages is one of the three groups of Slavic languages (besides West and East Slavic). ... 1The MOC claims continuity with historical Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid, an autonomous Eastern Orthodox Church under the tutelage of the Patriarch of Constantinople, which existed between 1019 and 1767, but the claims are not recognized by other Orthodox churches. ... Motto: none Anthem: BoÅ¾e Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Formation and independence - Formation of Serbia 814 - Formation of the Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence from the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878 - Serbia and Montenegro union... Capital Thessaloniki Peripheries West Macedonia Central Macedonia East Macedonia Population 2,625,681 (2005) Area 34,231 kmÂ² Population density 77/kmÂ² Macedonia (IPA , Greek: ÎœÎ±ÎºÎµÎ´Î¿Î½Î¯Î±, Makedonia) is the largest and second most populous region of Greece. ...

Population

The vast majority of Macedonians live in the valley of the river Vardar, the central region of the Republic of Macedonia and form about 64.18% of the population of the Republic of Macedonia (1,297,981 people according to the 2002 census). Smaller numbers live in eastern Albania, southwestern Bulgaria, northern Greece, and southern Serbia and Montenegro, mostly abutting the border areas of the Republic of Macedonia. A large number of Macedonians have immigrated overseas to Australia, USA, Canada and in many European countries: Germany, UK, Italy, Austria, etc. Image File history File links MKD_muni_nonn(Ethnic). ... Image File history File links MKD_muni_nonn(Ethnic). ... The Vardar (Macedonian: Ð’Ð°Ñ€Ð´Ð°Ñ€; Latin: Axius; Î‘Î¾Î¹ÏŒÏ‚(Axios) is the ancient and current Greek name of the river) is the longest river in the Republic of Macedonia. ...

Macedonians abroad

Serbia

Serbia recognizes the Macedonian minority on its territory as a distinct ethnic group and counts them in its annual census. 25,847 people declared themselves Macedonians in the 2002 census. Motto: none Anthem: BoÅ¾e Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Formation and independence - Formation of Serbia 814 - Formation of the Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence from the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878 - Serbia and Montenegro union...

Bulgaria

In the 2001 census in Bulgaria, 5,071 people declared themselves Macedonians. Krassimir Kanev, chairman of the NGO Bulgarian Helsinki Committee, claimed 15,000 - 25,000 in 1998 [1]. In the same report Macedonian nationalists (Popov et al, 1989) claim that 200,000 Macedonians live in Bulgaria. The Encarta Encyclopedia states that Macedonians make up 2.5% [2] of the total population, i.e. approximately 190,000, although does not state the means by which this figure was obtained. 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a non-profit group or association that acts outside of institutionalized political structures and pursues matters of interest to its members by lobbying, persuasion, or direct action. ... Encarta Dictionary Technology (to be written) Encarta made use of various Microsoft technologies. ...

Macedonian groups in the country have reported official harassment, with the Bulgarian Constitutional Court banning a small Macedonian political party in 2000 as separatist and Bulgarian local authorities banning political rallies. A political organization of the Macedonian minority in Bulgaria – UMO Ilinden-Pirin – claims that the minority has experienced a period of intensive assimilation and repression. This article is about the year 2000. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... UMO Ilinden-Pirin (United Macedonian Organisation: Ilinden-Pirin) is a controversial Macedonian organisation in Bulgaria, whose aims are protection of the human rights, language and nationality of the Macedonian minority in the country. ...

Albania

Albania recognizes the Macedonians as an ethnic minority and delivers primary education in the Macedonian language in the border regions where most Macedonians live. In the 1989 census, 4,697 [3] people declared themselves Macedonians.

Macedonian organizations allege that the government undercounts the number of Macedonians in Albania and that they are politically underrepresented - there are no ethnic Macedonians in the Albanian parliament. Some say that there has been disagreement among the Slavophone Albanian citizens about their being members of a Macedonian nation as a significant number of these Slavophones are Torbesh and self-identify as Albanians. External estimates on the population of Macedonians in Albania include 10,000 [4], whereas Macedonian sources have claimed that there are 120,000 - 350,000 Macedonians in Albania [5]. The Torbesh are a Muslim Slav Macedonian peoples. ...

Greece

According to the latest Greek census held in 2001, there are 962 holders of citizenship of the Republic of Macedonia in Greece [6], although it should be noted that Greek censuses, like the censuses of most other EU member states (Italy, Spain, Denmark, France etc), do not take into account the ethnicity of of the inhabitants of the country and that immigration has significantly increased since then. According to a study conducted for the Hellenic Migration Policy Institute (ΙΜΕΠΟ), in 2003 90,651 visa applications were made by citizens of the Republic of Macedonia, out of which 90,549 were granted and 102 rejected [7]. Map of Greece Greece is a largely ethnically homogenous country. ... Slavic (Greek: Î£Î»Î¬Î²Î¹ÎºÎ±, SlÃ¡vika) is the term sometimes used to designate the dialects spoken by the Slavophone (i. ...

Regarding an autochthonous Macedonian ethnic minority, its existence is not recognized by the Greek state. However, local authorities have acknowledged the existence of a minority language in the Periphery of Western Macedonia often referred to as Slavic or Dopia (a Greek word for 'local'), which was spoken by 41,017 people according to the latest Greek census to pose a question on mother tongue held in 1951. Depending on dialect, this language is classified by linguists as either Bulgarian or Macedonian. The vast majority of the speakers of this language espouse a Greek national identity as a result of either conscientious choice or coercion of their ancestors in the first half of the twentieth century [8]. Their numbers are estimated at between 100,000 and 200,000 by the Greek Helsinki Monitor, however, it also states that only an estimated 10,000-30,000 of these people will have a clear ethnic Macedonian national identity [9]. The government of the Republic of Macedonia in 1993 claimed that there are between 230,000 and 270,000 Macedonians living in northern Greece [10]. Тhe only political party in Greece promoting the recognition and existence of an ethnically Macedonian minority in Aegean Macedonia – the Rainbow, which was founded in September 1998 – received only 2,955 votes in Aegean Macedonia in the 2004 elections. West Macedonia is one of the thirteen peripheries of Greece, consisting of the western part of Greek Macedonia. ... Slavic (Greek: Î£Î»Î¬Î²Î¹ÎºÎ±, SlÃ¡vika) is the term sometimes used to designate the dialects spoken by the Slavophone (i. ... Coercion is the practice of compelling a person to act by employing threat of harm (usually physical force, sometimes other forms of harm). ... The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights is a self-governing group of non-governmental, not-for-profit organizations that act to protect human rights throughout Europe, North America and Central Asia. ... Capital Thessaloniki Peripheries West Macedonia Central Macedonia East Macedonia Population 2,625,681 (2005) Area 34,231 kmÂ² Population density 77/kmÂ² Macedonia (IPA , Greek: ÎœÎ±ÎºÎµÎ´Î¿Î½Î¯Î±, Makedonia) is the largest and second most populous region of Greece. ... Party logo The Rainbow (Greek: OÏ…ÏÎ¬Î½Î¹Î¿ TÏŒÎ¾Î¿, Macedonian: Ð’Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¾) is a political party in Greece. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Diaspora

Significant Macedonian communities can also be found in the traditional immigrant overseas countries, as well as in western European countries. It should be noted that census data in European countries often does not take into account what ethnicity immigrates from the Republic of Macedonia, as is the case with Italy and Germany: Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian 1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence From Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 kmÂ² (149th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ...

Other significant ethnic Macedonian communities can also be found in the other western European countries such as Austria, France, Switzerland, Netherlands, United Kingdom, etc. Melbourne is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 3. ... The Sydney Opera House is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, and since its opening it has become an international symbol of Sydney Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia. ... Wollongong is an industrial city located on the eastern coast of Australia in the state of New South Wales. ... A view of Newcastle from Stockton Newcastle is Australias sixth largest city and the second largest in the state of New South Wales. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Perth is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Western Australia, and is the fourth largest city in Australia, with a population of approximately 1. ... Map of the dominant self-identified ethnic origins of ancestors per census division. ... // Migration and Settlement The majority of Macedonians who migrated to Canada arrived in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Ilinden Uprising of 1903. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area Ranked 11th - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 kmÂ²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 491 miles (790 km) - % water 41. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 kmÂ²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area Ranked 34th - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 kmÂ²) - Width 220 miles (355 km) - Length 220 miles (355 km) - % water 8. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area Ranked 38th - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 kmÂ²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 270 miles (435 km) - % water 1. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (110 km) - Length 150 miles (240 km) - % water 14. ...

History

Origins and identities

The geographical region of Macedonia, which is divided between Bulgaria, Greece and the Republic of Macedonia, has been inhabited by a variety of peoples, including ethnic Macedonians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Jews, Turks, Serbs, Roma, Greeks and Vlachs. The oldest recorded continuous presence are the Greeks (who are also sometimes referred to as Macedonians). Serbs (Serbian: Ð¡Ñ€Ð±Ð¸, Srbi) are a south Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The Roma people (singular Rom; sometimes Rroma, Rrom), often referred to as gypsies, are a heterogeneous ethnic group who live primarily in Southern and Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Latin America, the southern part of the United States and the Middle East. ... Vlachs (also called Wallachians, Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs or Ulahs) is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. ...

In Bulgaria, and to some extent in Greece, the question of whether the Macedonians constitute a distinct ethnic group is controversial - the popular and the academic consensus in these countries regards them as a branch of the Bulgarians. The majority of international organizations consider modern ethnic Macedonians to be a distinct cultural, if not ethnic group.

Historians generally date the arrival of the Slavs in Macedonia and the Balkans to the 6th or 7th centuries AD. Ethnic Macedonians (assuming such a group existed) had little or no political national identity of their own until the 20th century. Any Macedonian identity during the Byzantine centuries is mostly expressed through the Greek medium. Medieval sources traditionally describe them as Bulgarians, a definition which survived well into the period of Ottoman rule as attested by the Ottoman archives and by descriptions of historians and travelers, for example Evliya Celebi and his Book of Travels. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Evliya Celebi (also known as Dervis Mehmed Zilli) was one of the most famous Ottoman travelers, who traveled throughout the territories of the Ottoman Empire and the neighbouring lands over a period of 40 years. ...

During the Ottoman rule, there is no documentation attesting to a specific Macedonian national identity, be it Slav, Greek or otherwise, until the 20th century. From the 17th century, authors who declared themselves 'Macedonian' did so in the context of publishing Greek books and belonging to the Greek nation. 19th century ethnographers and travelers were generally united in identifying the Slavic speakers as Bulgarians, at least until the period between 1878 and 1912 when the rival propaganda of Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria succeeded in engaging the Slavophone population of Macedonia into three distinct parties, the pro-Serbian, the pro-Greek or the pro-Bulgarian (Henry Brailsford). Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In the late 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, there were many clashes between Serbophile Chetniks (originating from Macedonia) and Bulgarophile Komitas from all over Slavic-speaking Macedonia, which shows the lack of a distinctive urge to form a Macedonian nation state. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... A nation-state is a specific form of state (a political entity), which exists to provide a sovereign territory for a particular nation (a cultural entity), and which derives its legitimacy from that function. ...

The key events in the formation of a distinctive Macedonian identity thus emerged during the first half of the 20th century in the aftermath of the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 and especially following the Second World War. The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Ancient period

The modern Macedonian nation lives mostly in present-day Vardar Macedonia, which in ancient times was inhabited by different ethnic groups such as Paionians, Dardani and other Thraco-Illyrian tribes. Although the present-day ethnic Macedonians are primarily the descendants of the Slavic tribes which settled Macedonia during the 6th and 7th century AD, it is presumed by some historians (Kanchov, Weigand) that these Slavic tribes probably absorbed some indigenous populations such as Greeks, who formed the majority of Macedonia's population before the Slavic arrivals [13] when they came upon in the area, and mixed with later groups such as Bulgars as stated by the Byzantine chroniclers Theophanes and Nicephorus. National motto: None Official languages Macedonian2 Capital Skopje President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski Area - Total - % water Ranked 145th 25,713 km² 1. ... ... Albani (Albanoi), tribe in ancient Illyria, from Alexander G. Findlays Classical Atlas to Illustrate Ancient Geography, New York, 1849 The Dardani were an ancient Indo-European tribe that lived in Dardania (largely corresponding to present day Kosovo, as well as other parts of present day southern Serbia) and was... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Byzantine Empire (native Greek name: - Basileia tÅn RomaiÅn) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Generally a chronicle (Latin chronica) is historical account of facts and events in chronological order. ... Theophanes (died 817 or 818) was a Byzantine monk and chronicler. ... Nicephorus III or Saint Nicephorus (ca. ...

Arrival of Slavs

The Slavs are considered to start entering the area of Balkan Peninsula in the VI century, passing the Danube river and attacking the Byzantine settlements, fortresses, towns and villages. Many areas of Balkan Peninsula were gradually populated with the following Slav tribes: Dragovites, Velegezites, Berzites, Sagudates, Rinhines and other. Slavs were organized into many Sclavinaes as organized native-tribal units. This period is also known by very frequent battles between the Slavs and the Byzantines. In the year 586, Thessaloniki was besieged by the Slavs, and was only saved, so the people of Thessalonica believed, by the help of their patron Demetrios.^[2] According to John of Ephesus, the Slavs set out and plundered all of Greece, the regions surrounding Thessaloniki and Thrace, taking many towns and castles, laying waste, burning, pillaging, and seizing a whole country. Archbishop John of Thessaloniki mentions an attack on the city by 5000 Slav warriors.^[3] The Danube bend at VisegrÃ¡d is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... Byzantine Empire (native Greek name: - Basileia tÅn RomaiÅn) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... John of Ephesus (or of Asia), a leader of the Monophysite Syriac-speaking Church in the 6th century, and one of the earliest and most important of historians who wrote in Syriac. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Thrace (Greek Î˜ÏÎ¬ÎºÎ·, ThrÃ¡kÄ“, Latin: Thracia or Threcia, Turkish Trakya, Bulgarian Ð¢Ñ€Ð°ÐºÐ¸Ñ, Trakiya) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ...

Christianization

Slavic tribes in Macedonia accepted the Christianity as their own religion around the 9th century. The creators of the Cyrillic alphabet were the Byzantine monks Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius; under the guidance of the Patriarchate at Constantinople they were promoters of Christianity and initiated Slavic literacy among the Slavic people. Their work was continued by the St. Clement of Ohrid and St.Naum of Ohrid as founders of the Ohrid Literary School. Cyril and Methodius evangelized from Constantinople into the Balkans^[4] In the legacy of Cyril and Methodious, carried on by Clement and Naum, the development of Slav literacy was crucial in preventing assimilation of the Slavs either by cultures to the North or by the Greek culture to the south.^[5] The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several Slavic languages; (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Saint Cyril (Greek: ÎšÏÏÎ¹Î»Î»Î¿Ï‚, Church Slavonic: ÐšÐ¸Ñ€Ð¸Ð»ÑŠ) (827 - February 14, 869) was a Greek (i. ... Saint Methodius (Greek: ÎœÎµÎ¸ÏŒÎ´Î¹Î¿Ï‚; Church Slavonic ÐœÐµÑ„Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¸) (b. ... A patriarchate is the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Saint Clement of Ohrid Saint Clement of Ohrid (ca. ... Saint Naum of Preslav (Saint Naum of Ohrid) (c. ... The Ohrid Literary School was one of the two major medieval Macedonian cultural centres, along with the Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School). ...

Middle ages

From 997 to 1014, large parts of the Balkan Peninsula and other areas as well were part of the kingdom of Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. At the peak of his kingdom, Samuel moved the seat of his kingdom from the island of St. Achilles, Prespa to Ohrid where he was crowned as king. The remains of his castle are still present in the city of Ohrid. Under Samuil, who was based in Macedonia around the Ohrid and Prespa lakes, its fortunes once more revived the great military rivalry with Byzantium. Samuil’s army was soundly defeated in 1014 by Basil II, emperor of Byzantium and Macedonia fell once again under Byzantine control until about 1230 when it was incorporated in the Second Bulgarian Empire. ^[5] In the 14 century this area was part of the Serbian empire of Tsar Stefan Dušan. Modern portrait of Tsar Samuil by Macedonian painter Dimitar Kondovski Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (c. ... Prespa is the name of two freshwater lakes in southeast Europe, shared by Greece, Albania, and the Republic of Macedonia. ... City moto : Coordinates Municipality : Ohrid municipality Elevation 695 m Population 55 749 Time zone - Standard - Summer (DST) CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) Founded Area code +389 046 Postal code 6000 Car plates OH Official Website www. ... City moto : Coordinates Municipality : Ohrid municipality Elevation 695 m Population 55 749 Time zone - Standard - Summer (DST) CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) Founded Area code +389 046 Postal code 6000 Car plates OH Official Website www. ... Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (c. ... City moto : Coordinates Municipality : Ohrid municipality Elevation 695 m Population 55 749 Time zone - Standard - Summer (DST) CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) Founded Area code +389 046 Postal code 6000 Car plates OH Official Website www. ... Prespa is the name of two freshwater lakes in southeast Europe, shared by Greece, Albania, and the Republic of Macedonia. ... Byzantium was an ancient Greek city-state, which according to legend was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Ï‚ or Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Î½Ï„Î±Ï‚ in Greek). ... Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ... Byzantium was an ancient Greek city-state, which according to legend was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas (Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Ï‚ or Î’ÏÎ¶Î±Î½Ï„Î±Ï‚ in Greek). ... The history of Bulgaria began in the 7th century AD with the arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkans. ... DuÅ¡an Silni Tsar Stefan UroÅ¡ IV DuÅ¡an Silni (the mighty) (Serbian: Ð¦Ð°Ñ€ Ð¡Ñ‚ÐµÑ„Ð°Ð½ Ð”ÑƒÑˆÐ°Ð½ Ð¡Ð¸Ð»Ð½Ð¸) (circa 1308 â€“ December 20, 1355) was a Serb king (September 8, 1331 â€“ 1346) and tsar (1346 â€“ December 5, 1355). ...

Ottoman rule

This expansion of medieval states on the Balkan Peninsula was discontinued by the occupation of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century. The region of Macedonia remained part of the Ottoman Empire for the next 500 years, i.e. until 1912. During the rule of the Ottomans, the locals organized a number of uprisings: Mariovo uprising (1564), Karposh uprising (1689), Kresna Uprising (1878) etc. Although Greece, Serbia and Bulgaria succeeded to liberate from the Ottoman rule by 1878, according to the decisions made on the Berlin Congress (1878) the territory of present Republic of Macedonia was left under the Ottoman rule. Motto: none Anthem: BoÅ¾e Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Formation and independence - Formation of Serbia 814 - Formation of the Serbian Empire 1345 - Independence from the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878 - Serbia and Montenegro union... The Congress of Berlin was a meeting of the European Great Powers and the Ottoman Empires leading statesmen in Berlin in 1878. ... Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian 1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence From Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 kmÂ² (149th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ...

Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising

In 1893 the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation (IMRO) was established. This organization advocated the creation of an autonomouos Macedonia within a Balkan federation.^[6] Before 1902, in theory only Bulgarians could join, but afterwards, it invited anyone who lives in Macedonia, whether Greek, Bulgarian or Jew to join together. On August 2, 1903, IMRO led the locals in the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, named after the festival of the Prophet Elijah on which it began. That was one of the greatest events in the history of the people in the region of Macedonia. The high point of the Ilinden revolution was the establishment of the Krushevo Republic in the town of Krushevo. The Ilinden Uprising as seen by the English daily The Times, Aug. ... The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (in Macedonian: Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija, Внатрешна Македонска Револуционерна Организација, in Bulgarian: Vatreshna Makedonska Revolyucionna Organizaciya, Вътрешна Македонска Революционна Организация, VMRO), commonly known in English as IMRO, was the name of a revolutionary political organization in the Macedonia region of the Ottoman Empire, and later... The Ilinden Uprising as seen by the English daily The Times, Aug. ... KruÅ¡evo is a city in Republic of Macedonia. ...

By November 1903, the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising was suppressed.^[7] The uprising was led by the following activists of the IMRO: Yane Sandanski, Nikola Karev, Dame Gruev, Pitu Guli, etc. Nikola Karev (1877, Krushevo, Republic of Macedonia - 27 April 1905, Raychani, near Kochani, Republic of Macedonia) was a Macedonian socialist and revolutionary, a member of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and leader of the Krushevo Republic during the 1903 Ilinden uprising. ... Damyan Yovanov Gruev (Macedonian: Ð”Ð°Ð¼Ñ˜Ð°Ð½ ÐˆÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð“Ñ€ÑƒÐµÐ²; Bulgarian: Ð”Ð°Ð¼ÑÐ½ Ð™Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð“Ñ€ÑƒÐµÐ²) - (January 19, 1871, Smilevo, present day Republic of Macedonia - December 10, 1906, near Petlec peak, present day Republic of Macedonia) was a 19th century Bulgarian revolutionary. ... Pitu Guli (in Bulgarian and Macedonian: ÐŸÐ¸Ñ‚Ñƒ Ð“ÑƒÐ»Ð¸) (1865, Krushevo (present day Republic of Macedonia)â€”1903, Krushevo) was a Bulgarian revolutionary of Aromanian origin, a local leader of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committee (known as Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization since 1902). ...

The Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars resulted in drastic changes to Macedonia's demographics after the Ottomans were defeated and forced out of the region. What we may call Ottoman Macedonia, was divided between the Balkan nations, with its northern parts going to Serbian, the southern to Greece, and the northeastern to Bulgaria.

The territory of the present-day Republic of Macedonia came under the direct rule of Serbia (and later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), and was sometimes termed "southern Serbia", and, together with a large portion of today's southern Serbia, it belonged officially to the newly formed Vardar banovina (district). An intense program of "Serbianization" was implemented during the 1920s and 1930s when Belgrade enforced a Serbian cultural assimilation process on the region. Between the world wars in Serbia, Macedonian dialects were treated as a Serbian dialects (UCLA Language Material Sources, [14]). Only the literary Serbian language was taught, it was the language of government, education, media, and public life; even so Macedonian literature was tolerated as a local dialectal folkloristic form. The Serbian National Theatre in Skopje even performed some of the Macedonian language plays (now the classical drama pieces) (UCLA Language Material Sources, [15]). Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom in the Balkans which existed from the end of World War I until World War II. It occupied an area made up of the present-day states of Bosnia... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social issues of the 1920s. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs everywhere. ...

Greece adopted strongly repressive policies towards the Slavic population in its northern regions, mainly due to its experiences with Bulgaria's expansionist policy during the Second Balkan War. Many of those inhabiting northeastern Greece fled to Bulgaria or Serbia after the Balkan wars or were exchanged with native Greeks from Bulgaria under a population exchange treaty in the 1920s^{[citation needed]}. The Second Balkan War was fought in 1913 between Bulgaria on one side and Greece and Serbia on the other side. ... The outcome as of April 1913 Boundaries on the Balkans after the First and the Second Balkan War (1912-1913) Distribution of races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor in 1923, Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York (The map does not reflect the results of the 1923... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social issues of the 1920s. ...

The Slavophone Macedonians that stayed in northwestern Greece were regarded as a potentially disloyal minority and came under severe pressure, with restrictions on their movements, cultural activities and political rights; many emigrated, for the most part to Canada, Australia, USA and eastern European countries like Bulgaria ^{[citation needed]}. The Greek names for some traditionally Slavic or Turkish speaking areas became official and the Slavic speakers were encouraged to change their Slavic surnames to Greek sounding surnames, e.g. Nachev becoming Natsulis. A similar procedure was applied to Greek names in Bulgaria and Serbian Macedonia (eg. Nevrokopi becoming Goce Delchev [16]). In Greece, there was a government sponsored process of Hellenization [17]. Many of the border villages were closed to outsiders, ostensibly for security reasons. The Greek government and people have never recognized the existence of a distinct "Macedonian" ethnic group, as the term "Macedonian" is already reserved for the ethnic Greek population that has traditionally inhabited Greece's northern-most region (Macedonia (Greece)). Map of Greece Greece is a largely ethnically homogenous country. ... Capital Thessaloniki Peripheries West Macedonia Central Macedonia East Macedonia Population 2,625,681 (2005) Area 34,231 kmÂ² Population density 77/kmÂ² Macedonia (IPA , Greek: ÎœÎ±ÎºÎµÎ´Î¿Î½Î¯Î±, Makedonia) is the largest and second most populous region of Greece. ...

On August 10, 1920, upon signing the Treaty of Sèvres that "measures were being taken towards the opening of schools with instruction in the Slav language in the following school year of 1925/26". Thus, the primer intended for the "Slav-speaking minority" children in Greek Macedonia to learn their native language in school, entitled "ABECEDAR" [18], [19] [20] was offered as an argument in support of this statement. This primer, prepared by a special government commissioner was published by the Greek government in Athens in 1925, but was printed in a specially adapted Latin alphabet instead of the traditional Cyrillic, since Cyrillic was the official alphabet of neighboring Bulgaria and Serbia. After fears from Serbia and Bulgaria that the minorities in their countries might demand the same rights, the Abecedar schoolbooks were confiscated and destroyed before they got into the reach of the children HRW pg.42. August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... The Treaty of SÃ¨vres of August 10, 1920, was a peace treaty between the Entente and Associated Powers[1] and the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The treaty was signed by the Ottoman Government, but Sultan Mehmed VI never signed that treaty. ... Map of Greece Greece is a largely ethnically homogenous country. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ...

Second World War

During Second World War (1941-1945), some inhabitants of Vardar Macedonia took part in the anti-fascist coalition. The uprising began in 1941 in the cities of Prilep and Kumanovo. In Greece, it has been estimated that the military wing of KKE – DSE (Democratic Army of Greece) had 14 000 soldiers of Slavic Macedonian origin out of total 20 000 fighters. Given their important role, the KKE’s General Secretary Nikolaos Zachariadis proceeded to change his party’s policy on Greek Macedonia. At the fifth Plenum on 31 January 1949, a resolution was passed claiming that the Macedonian people are distinguishing themselves, and that after the liberation they will find their national restoration as they wish it. In August 1949 the DSE was defeated in Grammos and Vitsi. ^[8] Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Prilep (Macedonian: ÐŸÑ€Ð¸Ð»ÐµÐ¿, other forms: Parleap, Pirlepe and Perlepe) is a city of 73,925 citizens, covering 1. ... Kumanovo (Macedonian: ÐšÑƒÐ¼Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾) is the second largest municipality city in the Republic of Macedonia after the capital Skopje and third largest town in the country. ... Map of Greece Greece is a largely ethnically homogenous country. ... Nikolaos Zachariadis ( 1903- 1973) has been the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece ( KKE) from 1931 to 1956. ... The region called Macedonia (or Makedonia) in Greece is a large section of the north-northwestern part of the country which collectivally with Thrace, is forming Northern Greece. ...

Macedonians after the Second World War

The People’s Republic of Macedonia was proclaimed at the first session of the Antifascist Assembly for the People’s Liberation of Macedonia (on St. Elia's Day – August 2, 1944). Later, by special Act, it became a constitutive part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the next 50 years Republic of Macedonia was part of the Yugoslav federation. After the Second World War, the Communist Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito decided that the policy of Serbianization in Macedonia had failed - it had led to strong resentment of Belgrade. In addition, many Macedonians had been supporters of Tito's Partisan resistance movement, fighting the occupying Bulgarians, Germans and Italians as well as opposing the Serbian royalist Chetniks, who were, until midway through the war, the West's favorite rebels in Serbia.^{[citation needed]}. Although the inhabitants of Vardar Macedonia initially supported the Ivan Mihailov led Bulgarian occupation as "liberators from the Serbian occupation",^[9] the Macedonian resistance at the end of the war had a strongly nationalist character, not least as a reaction to Serbia's pre-war repression. It was clear well before the end of the war that Tito would seek major changes to the region's political balance ^{[citation needed]}. Image File history File links 19_begalci1. ... Image File history File links 19_begalci1. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Portrait of Tito by Paja JovanoviÄ‡ Tito redirects here. ... The Rebellion The Yugoslav Partisans were the main resistance movement engaged in the fight against the Axis forces in the Balkans during World War II. // Origins The Yugoslav Partisans went under the official name of National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Slovene: Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije... Chetniks (Serbian Četnici, Четници) were an organization of Yugoslavs (mostly Serbs) who supported the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and formed a notable resistance force during World War II. The name is derived from the Serbian word četa which means company (of about 100 men). ... Ivan Mihailov (Bulgarian: Ð˜Ð²Ð°Ð½ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²), also known as Vanche Mihailov (Bulgarian: Ð’Ð°Ð½Ñ‡Ðµ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²), (August 26, 1896, Novo Selo, present-day Republic of Macedonia â€“ September 5, 1990, Rome, Italy) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization after 1924. ...

Following the war, Tito separated Yugoslav Macedonia from Serbia, making it a republic of the new federal Yugoslavia (as the Socialist Republic of Macedonia) in 1946. He also promoted the concept of a separate Macedonian nation, as a means of severing the ties of the Slav population of Yugoslav Macedonia with Bulgaria. Although the Macedonian language is close to and largely mutually intelligible with Bulgarian and to a lesser extent Serbian. The differences were emphasized and the region's historical figures were promoted as being uniquely Macedonian (rather than Serbian or Bulgarian). A separate Macedonian Orthodox Church was established, splitting off from the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1967 (only partly successfully, because the church has not been recognized by any other Orthodox Church). The ideologists of a separate and independent Macedonian country, same as the pro-Bulgarian and pro-Serbian sentiment was forcibly suppressed ^{[citation needed]}. 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Macedonian language (ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ... 1The MOC claims continuity with historical Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid, an autonomous Eastern Orthodox Church under the tutelage of the Patriarch of Constantinople, which existed between 1019 and 1767, but the claims are not recognized by other Orthodox churches. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Tito had a number of reasons for doing this. First, he wanted to reduce Serbia's dominance in Yugoslavia; establishing a territory formerly considered Serbian as an equal to Serbia within Yugoslavia achieved this effect. Secondly, he wanted to sever the ties of the Macedonian population with Bulgaria as recognition of that population as Bulgarian could have undermined the unity of the Yugoslav federation. Thirdly, Tito sought to justify future Yugoslav claims towards the rest of geographical Macedonia; in August 1944, he claimed that his goal was to reunify "all parts of Macedonia, divided in 1915 and 1918 by Balkan imperialists." To this end, he opened negotiations with Bulgaria for a new federal state, which would also probably have included Albania, and supported the Greek Communists in the Greek Civil War. The idea of reunification of all of Macedonia under Communist rule was abandoned in 1948 when the Greek Communists lost and Tito fell out with the Soviet Union and pro-Soviet Bulgaria. 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Combatants Hellenic Army, Royalist forces, Republicans, British troops Communist guerillas (ELAS, DSE) Commanders Alexander Papagos Markos Vafiadis Strength 100,000 men 20,000 men and women Casualties 12,777 killed 37,732 wounded 4,527 missing 38,000 killed 40,000 captured or surrendered An ELAS soldier The Greek Civil... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...

Tito's actions had a number of important consequences for the Macedonians. The most important was, obviously, the promotion of a distinctive Macedonian identity as a part of the multiethnic society of Yugoslavia. The process of ethnogenesis gained momentum, and a distinct national Macedonian identity was formed. There have been numerous accounts from northern Macedonia from the late 1940s that the policy of Bulgarisation during the Bulgarian occupation (1941 - 1944) was as abhorrent for the ordinary Macedonian as the policy of Serbisation until then.^{[citation needed]} IMRO's leader in exile, Ivan Mihailov, and the renewed Bulgarian IMRO after 1990 have, on the other hand, repeatedly argued that between 120,000 and 130,000 people went through the concentration camps of Idrizovo and Goli Otok for pro-Bulgarian sympathies or ideas for independent Macedonia in the late 1940s., which has also been confirmed by former prime minister Ljubco Georgievski [21].^{[citation needed]} The critics of these claims question the number as it would implied roughly a third of the male Christian population at that time; and the reasons of imprisonment, they argue, were multiple as there were Macedonian nationalists, Stalinists, Middle class members, Albanian nationalists and everybody else who was either against the post war regime or denounced as one for whatever reasons. Unlike the time before WWII, when Macedonia was hotbed for unrest and terror and about 60% of the entire royal Yugoslav police force was stationed there [22] [23], after the war there were no signs of disturbances comparable with pre-war times or post war times in other parts of former Yugoslavia, such as Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia. [24] [25] [26]. Whatever the truth, it was certainly the case that most Macedonians embraced their official recognition as a separate nationality. Even so, some pro-Bulgarian or pro-Serbian sentiment persisted despite government suppression; even as late as 1991, convictions were still being handed down for pro-Bulgarian statements.^{[citation needed]} // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (in Macedonian: Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija, Внатрешна Македонска Револуционерна Организација, in Bulgarian: Vatreshna Makedonska Revolyucionna Organizaciya, Вътрешна Македонска Революционна Организация, VMRO), commonly known in English as IMRO, was the name of a revolutionary political organization in the Macedonia region of the Ottoman Empire, and later... Ivan Mihailov (Bulgarian: Ð˜Ð²Ð°Ð½ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²), also known as Vanche Mihailov (Bulgarian: Ð’Ð°Ð½Ñ‡Ðµ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²), (August 26, 1896, Novo Selo, present-day Republic of Macedonia â€“ September 5, 1990, Rome, Italy) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization after 1924. ... Ljubco Georgievski (born on January 17, 1966 in Stip) is Macedonian politician. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In Greece, they faced considerably tighter restrictions as its government saw them as a potentially disloyal minority. Greeks were resettled in the region in two occasions, firstly following the Bulgarian loss of the Second Balkan War when Bulgaria and Greece mutually exchanged their populations (1913)^{[citation needed]}, and secondly in 1923 as a result of the population exchange with the new Turkish republic that followed the Greek military defeat in Asia minor. After the Second World War many of the slavophone Macedonians who lived in Greece either chose to emigrate to Communist countries (especially Yugoslavia) to avoid prosecution for fighting on the side of the Greek communists (see: Greek Civil War), or were forced to do so ^{[citation needed]}. Although there was some liberalization between 1959 and 1967, the Greek military dictatorship re-imposed harsh restrictions. The situation gradually eased after Greece's return to democracy, but Greece still receives criticism for its treatment of some slavophone Macedonian political organizations. Greece, however, recognizes the Rainbow political party of the slavophone Macedonians who canvas during elections. The Second Balkan War was fought in 1913 between Bulgaria on one side and Greece and Serbia on the other side. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Hellenic Army, Royalist forces, Republicans, British troops Communist guerillas (ELAS, DSE) Commanders Alexander Papagos Markos Vafiadis Strength 100,000 men 20,000 men and women Casualties 12,777 killed 37,732 wounded 4,527 missing 38,000 killed 40,000 captured or surrendered An ELAS soldier The Greek Civil... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

The Macedonians in Albania faced restrictions under the Stalinist dictatorship of Enver Hoxha, though ordinary Albanians were little better off. Their existence as a separate minority group was recognized as early as 1945 and a degree of cultural expression was permitted. Stalinism is a brand of political theory, and the political and economic system named after Josef Stalin, who implemented it in the Soviet Union. ... Dictatorship, in contemporary usage, refers to absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social and political factors within the state. ... Enver Hoxha, (IPA , October 16, 1908â€“April 11, 1985) was the paramount leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Communist Albanian Party of Labour. ...

As ethnographers and linguists tended to identify the population of the Bulgarian part of Macedonia as Bulgarian in the interwar period, the issue of a Macedonian minority in the country came up as late as the 1940s. In 1946, the population of Blagoevgrad Province was declared Macedonian and teachers were brought in from Yugoslavia to teach the Macedonian language. The census of 1946 was accompanied by mass repressions, the result of which was the complete destruction of the local organizations of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and mass internments of people at the Belene concentration camp. The policy was reverted at the end of the 1950s and later Bulgarian governments argued that the two censuses of 1946 and 1956 which recorded up to 187,789 Macedonians (of whom over 95% were said to live in Blagoevgrad Province, also called Pirin Macedonia) were the result of pressure from Moscow. [27] Western governments, however, continued to list the population of Blagoevgrad Province as Macedonian until the beginning of the 1990s despite the 1965 census which put Macedonians in the country at 9,000.^{[citation needed]} The two latest censuses after the fall of Communism (in 1992 and 2001) have, however, confirmed the results from previous censuses with some 3,000 people declaring themselves as "Macedonians" in Blagoevgrad Province in 2001 (<1.0% of the population of the region) out of 5,000 in the whole of Bulgaria. // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Blagoevgrad Province (Bulgarian: Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚ Ð‘Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÐµÐ²Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´, oblast Blagoevgrad or Ð‘Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÐµÐ²Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´ÑÐºÐ° Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚, Blagoevgradska oblast), also known as Pirin Macedonia (Bulgarian: ÐŸÐ¸Ñ€Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ° ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Pirinska Makedoniya), is a province (oblast) of southwestern Bulgaria. ... The Macedonian language (ÐœÐ°ÐºÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸, Makedonski) is a language in the Eastern group of South Slavic languages and is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Excerpt from the statute of BMARC, 1896 (in Bulgarian) Statute of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees Chapter I. - Goal Chapter II. - Structure and Organization Excerpt from the statute of IMARO, 1906 (in Bulgarian) Statute of Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (amended at the general congress in 1906) Chapter I... The 1950s were the decade that traditionally speaking, spanned the years 1950 through 1959. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from 2000 and 2001. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ...

During this period, ethnic Macedonians living in the region continue to complain of official harassment. This was confirmed in 2005 by the European Court of Human Rights with a judgment whereby Bulgaria was sentenced to pay damages amounting to 6800 euros for a violation of Article 11 (freedom of assembly and association) of the European Convention on Human Rights for its refusal to give court registration to "UMO Ilinden" and "UMO Ilinden-Pirin", the two Macedonian political parties in Bulgaria. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights, often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints from Council of Europe member states. ... The euro (currency sign: â‚¬; banking code: EUR) is the official currency of the following twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain; collectively also known as the Eurozone. ...

A similar judgment was passed against Greece for also violating Article 11 in regards of the members of the Greek far left Rainbow party, also the registered political party of the slavophone Macedonians living in Greece. Party logo The Rainbow (Greek: OÏ…ÏÎ¬Î½Î¹Î¿ TÏŒÎ¾Î¿, Macedonian: Ð’Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¾) is a political party in Greece. ...

Symbols

Former official symbols Binomial name Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Felis leo Linnaeus, 1758 The Lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four big cats in the panthera genus. ... VMRO-DPMNE symbol The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Macedonian: VnatreÅ¡no-Makedonska Revoluciona Organizacija-Demokratska Partija za Makedonsko Nacionalno Edinstvo), or VMRO-DPMNE is a political party in the Republic of Macedonia. ...

Vergina Sun The Vergina Sun or Star of Vergina is a sixteen-ray star symbol found in archaeological excavations in Vergina in northern Greece. ... The Ancient Macedonians were the inhabitants of Macedon and adjacent regions in ancient times. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ÎœÎÎ³Î±Ï‚ Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î±Î½Î´ÏÎ¿Ï‚[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC â€” June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336â€“323 BC), is considered one of the most successful military commanders in history, conquering most of his known world before his death. ... Philip II - King of Macedon Philip II of Macedon (382 BCâ€“336 BC; in Greek Î¦Î¯Î»Î¹Ï€Ï€Î¿Ï‚ = Ï†Î¯Î»Î¿Ï‚ (friend) + Î¯Ï€Ï€Î¿Ï‚ (horse), transliterated Philippos) was the King of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination. ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and has as its core objectives the promotion of creative intellectual activity and the facilitation of the transfer of technology related to intellectual property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social... Motto: (English: ) Anthem: (Transliteration: ) (English: ) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian 1 Government Parliamentary republic - President Branko Crvenkovski - Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Independence From Yugoslavia - Declared September 8, 1991 Area - Total 25,333 kmÂ² (149th) 9,779 sq mi - Water (%) 1. ...

Contents

Population

Macedonians abroad

Serbia

Bulgaria

Albania

Greece

Diaspora

History

Origins and identities

Ancient period

Arrival of Slavs

Christianization

Middle ages

Ottoman rule

Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising

The Balkan Wars

Second World War

Macedonians after the Second World War

Symbols

See also

References

Notes

External links

Contents

Population GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Macedonians abroad

Serbia

Bulgaria

Albania

Greece

Diaspora

History

Origins and identities

Ancient period

Arrival of Slavs

Christianization

Middle ages

Ottoman rule

Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising

The Balkan Wars

Second World War

Macedonians after the Second World War

Symbols

See also

References

Notes

External links

Population