Take the Fair Face of Woman... by Sophie Anderson

A fairy (also fay, fey, fae, faerie; collectively, wee folk, good folk, people of peace, and other euphemisms)^[1] is the name given to a type of mythological being or legendary creature, a form of nature spirit, often described as metaphysical, supernatural or preternatural. Image File history File links SophieAndersonTakethefairfaceofWoman. ... Image File history File links SophieAndersonTakethefairfaceofWoman. ... Sophie Gengembre Anderson (1823, Paris – March 10, 1903, Falmouth, Cornwall) was a French-born British artist who specialised in genre painting of children and women, typically in rural settings. ... Look up fairy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about a system of myths. ... A legendary creature is a mythological or folkloric creature (often known as fabulous creatures in historical literature). ... Animism is a belief system that does not accept the separation of body and soul, of spirit from matter. ... For other uses, see Spirit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Supernatural (disambiguation). ... The preternatural or praeternatural are phenomenon which appear outside (Latin praeter) the realm of nature as currently explained by science. ...

The concept of fairies is based on the fae of medieval Western European (Old French) folklore and romance. Fairies are often identified with a variety of beings of other mythologies. Even in folklore that uses the term "fairy," there are many definitions of what constitutes a fairy. Sometimes the term is used to describe any magical creature, including goblins or gnomes: at other times, the term only describes a specific type of more ethereal creature.^[2] The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Old French was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300. ... The term fairy came into use in Western Europe to refer to certain kinds of folkloric beings. ... Not to be confused with Magic (illusion). ... For other uses, see Goblin (disambiguation). ... This article is about the mythical creature. ...

Characteristics

Fairies are generally described as human in appearance and having magical powers. Their origins are less clear in the folklore, being variously dead, or some form of angel, or a species completely independent of humans or angels.^[3] Folklorists have suggested that their actual origin lies in a conquered race living in hiding,^[4] or in religious beliefs that lost currency with the advent of Christianity.^[5] These explanations are not always mutually incompatible, and they may be traceable to multiple sources. This article is about the supernatural being. ...

Much of the folklore about fairies revolves about protection from their malice, by such means as cold iron (fairies don't like iron and will not go near it) or charms of rowan and herbs, or avoiding offense by shunning locations known to be theirs.^[6] In particular, folklore describes how to prevent the fairies from stealing babies and substituting changelings, and abducting older people as well.^[7] Many folktales are told of fairies, and they appear as characters in stories from medieval tales of chivalry, to Victorian fairy tales, and up to the present day in modern literature. Species Sorbus subgenus Sorbus Sorbus aucuparia - European Rowan Sorbus americana - American mountain ash Sorbus cashmiriana - Kashmir Rowan Sorbus commixta - Japanese Rowan Sorbus decora - Showy mountain ash Sorbus glabrescens - White-fruited Rowan Sorbus hupehensis - Hubei Rowan Sorbus matsumurana Sorbus sargentiana - Sargents Rowan Sorbus scalaris - Ladder Rowan Sorbus sitchensis - Sitka mountain... For other uses, see Herb (disambiguation). ... Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913. ... Image:Cg Charles Dickens is still one of the best known English writers of any era. ...

Fairies are generally portrayed as human in appearance and as having supernatural abilities such as the ability to fly, cast spells and to influence or foresee the future.^[8] Although in modern culture they are often depicted as young, sometimes winged, females of small stature, they originally were depicted much differently: tall, radiant, angelic beings or short, wizened trolls being some of the commonly mentioned. Diminutive fairies of one kind or another have been recorded for centuries, but occur alongside the human-sized beings; these have been depicted as ranging in size from very tiny up to the size of a human child.^[9] Even with these small fairies, however, their small size may be magically assumed rather than constant.^[10] For other uses, see Flight (disambiguation). ... The spell is a magical act intended to cause an effect on reality using supernatural means of liturgical or ritual nature. ... For other uses, see Female (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Troll (disambiguation). ...

Wings, while common in Victorian and later artwork of fairies, are very rare in the folklore; even very small fairies flew with magic, sometimes flying on ragwort stems or the backs of birds.^[11] Nowadays, fairies are often depicted with wings of various shapes: Species See text The Genus Senecio of the daisy family (Family Asteraceae) includes ragworts and groundsels. ...

• Like the wings of ordinary generalized winged insects, e.g. as the image at this link.
• Like butterfly wings (butterfly fairies), e.g. as the image at this link. The 2008 video Barbie Mariposa is set among a population of butterfly fairies.
• Various fantastic shapes.

Various animals have also been described as fairies. Sometimes this is the result of shapeshifting on part of the fairy, as in the case of the selkie (seal people); others, like the kelpie and various black dogs, appear to stay more constant in form.^[12] Orders     Palaeodictyoptera - extinct     Ephemeroptera (mayflies)     Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)   Infraclass Neoptera     Blattodea (cockroaches)     Mantodea (mantids)     Isoptera (termites)     Zoraptera     Grylloblattodea (rock crawlers)     Dermaptera (earwigs)     Plecoptera (stoneflies)     Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)     Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas)     Embioptera (webspinners)     Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)    Superorder Hemipterodea     Psocoptera (booklice, barklice)     Phthiraptera (lice)     Hemiptera (true bugs)     Thysanoptera (thrips)    Superorder... Superfamilies and families Superfamily Hedyloidea: Hedylidae Superfamily Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae Superfamily Papilionoidea: Papilionidae Pieridae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Riodinidae A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. ... For other uses, see Shapeshifting (disambiguation). ... A Faroese stamp depicting the capture of a seal woman Selkies (also known as silkies or selchies) are mythological creatures in Irish, Icelandic, and Scottish mythology. ... This article is about the mythological creature. ... For other uses, see Black dog. ...

Origin of fairies

Folk beliefs

One popular belief was that they were the dead, or some subclass of the dead.^[13] The Irish banshee (Irish Gaelic bean sí or Scottish Gaelic bean shìth, which both mean "fairy woman") is sometimes described as a ghost.^[14] The northern English Cauld Lad of Hylton, though described as a murdered boy, is also described as a household sprite like a brownie^[15], much of the time a Barghest or Elf.^[16] One tale recounted a man caught by the fairies, who found that whenever he looked steadily at one, the fairy was a dead neighbor of his.^[17] This was among the most common views expressed by those who believed in fairies, although many of the informants would express the view with some doubts.^[18] This article is about the banshee of Irish folklore. ... This article is about the modern Goidelic language. ... Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ... The ruins of Hylton Castle (near Sunderland, in Tyne & Wear, Northern England) are reputed to be haunted by the ghost of a murdered stable boy, known locally as the Cauld Lad of Hylton. ... A signature Cox Brownie A brownie, brounie/Urisk (Lowland Scots) or ùruisg/brùnaidh (Scottish Gaelic) is a legendary kind of elf popular in folklore around Scotland and England (especially the north). ... Barghest, Bargtjest, Bo-guest or Bargest is the name given in the north of England, especially in Yorkshire, to a mythical monstrous black dog with huge teeth and claws. ... Read psychedelic section for amazing info! on the experiments of real elves good for school projects This article is about the small mythical creature, for the 2003 film, see Elf (film). ...

Some hold that the Catholic concept of Purgatory was an invention to appease converts who believed "The Land of Fae" was the home of the souls of the dead,^{[citation needed]} said realm being co-existent with, but separate from, the world of the living and which could only be seen by those gifted with an ability known as the "second sight".^{[citation needed]} Illustration for Dantes Purgatorio (18), by Gustave Doré, an imaginative picturing of Purgatory. ... Second sight is a form of extra-sensory perception whereby a person perceives information, in the form of vision, about future events before they happen. ...

Another view held that the fairies were an intelligent species, distinct from humans and angels.^[19] In alchemy in particular they were regarded as elementals, such as gnomes and sylphs, as described by Paracelsus.^[20] This is uncommon in folklore, but accounts describing the fairies as "spirits of the air" have been found popularly.^[21] For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the mythical creature. ... Sylph is a faux-mythological creature in the Western tradition. ... Presumed portrait of Paracelsus, attributed to the school of Quentin Matsys. ...

A third belief held that they were a class of "demoted" angels.^[22] One popular story held that when the angels revolted, God ordered the gates shut; those still in heaven remained angels, those in hell became devils, and those caught in between became fairies.^[23] Others held that they had been thrown out of heaven, not being good enough, but they were not evil enough for hell.^[24] This may explain the tradition that they had to pay a "teind" or tithe to Hell. As fallen angels, though not quite devils, they could be seen as subject of the Devil.^[25]

A fourth belief was the fairies were devils entirely.^[26] This belief became much more popular with the growth of Puritanism.^[27] The hobgoblin, once a friendly household spirit, became a wicked goblin.^[28] Dealing with fairies was in some cases considered a form of witchcraft and punished as such in this era.^[29] Disassociating himself from such evils may be why Oberon, in A Midsummer Night's Dream, carefully observed that neither he nor his court feared the church bells.^[30] Hobgoblin is a term typically applied in folktales to a friendly or amusing goblin. ... For other uses, see A Midsummer Nights Dream (disambiguation). ...

The belief in their angelic nature was less common than that they were the dead, but still found popularity, especially in Theosophist circles.^[31][32] Informants who described their nature sometimes held aspects of both the third and the fourth view, or observed that the matter was disputed.^[31] Theosophy is a word and a concept known anciently, commonly understood in the modern era to describe the studies of religious philosophy and metaphysics originating with Helena Petrovna Blavatsky from the 1870s. ...

A less-common belief was that the fairies were actually humans; one folktale recounts how a woman had hidden some of her children from God, and then looked for them in vain, because they had become the hidden people, the fairies. This is parallel to a more developed tale, of the origin of the Scandinavian huldra.^[31] A huldra and Näcken. ...

A story of the origin of fairies appears in the 1906 Sir J. M. Barrie novella Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, comprised of chapters sliced out of the novel The Little White Bird after the success of his re-imagining of the character into the play Peter Pan and then incorporated into the novel Peter and Wendy. Barrie wrote, "...when the first baby laughed for the first time, its laugh broke into a thousand pieces, and they all went skipping about, and that was the beginning of fairies."^[33] Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens is a novel by James M. Barrie, published in 1906; it is one of four major literary works by Barrie featuring the widely known literary character he originated, Peter Pan. ... The Little White Bird is a fantasy novel for adults by J. M. Barrie, published in 1902. ... This article is about the play by J.M. Barrie. ... This article is about the play and novel by J.M. Barrie. ...

Many of the Irish tales of the Tuatha Dé Danann refer to these beings as fairies, though in more ancient times they were regarded as Goddesses and Gods. The Tuatha Dé were spoken of as having come from Islands in the north of the world, or, in other sources, from the sky. After being defeated in a series of battles with other Otherworldly beings, and then by the ancestors of the current Irish people, they were said to have withdrawn to the sídhe (fairy mounds), where they lived on in popular imagination as "fairies." “Áes dána” redirects here. ... For the 1934 film, see The Goddess (1934 film). ... This article is about the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... The Irish people (Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European ethnic group who originate in Ireland, in north western Europe. ... Sídhe (IPA , shee, modern Irish: sí; Scottish Gaelic: sìth) is an Irish and Scottish Gaelic word referring first to earthen mounds that were thought to be home to a supernatural race related to the fey and elves of other traditions, and later to these inhabitants themselves. ...

Sources of beliefs

One common theme found among the Celtic nations describes a race of diminutive people who had been driven into hiding by invading humans. They came to be seen as another race, or possibly spirits, and were believed to live in an Otherworld that was variously described as existing underground, in hidden hills (many of which were ancient burial mounds), or across the Western Sea.^[4] The Six Nations considered the heartland of the modern Celts Celtic nations are areas of Europe inhabited by members of Celtic cultures, specifically speakers of Celtic languages. ... The term otherworld could refer to: the afterlife Other World, in Irish Mythology. ...

In old Celtic faery lore the sidhe (fairy folk) are immortals living in the ancient barrows and cairns. The Tuatha de Danaan are associated with several Otherworld realms including Mag Mell (the Pleasant Plain), Emain Ablach (the Fortress of Apples or the Land of Promise or the Isle of Women), and one of the most well known Tir na nÓg (the Land of Youth). [1] This article is about a mythical people of Ireland. ... In Irish mythology, Mag Mell (plain of joy), also called Tír na nÓg (land of the young), Land of the Living, the Many-colored Land and the Promised Land, was a mythical realm achievable through death and/or glory. ... Avalon is a legendary island somewhere in the British Isles, famous for its beautiful apples. ... Tír na nÓg, called in English the Land of Eternal Young, was the most popular of the Otherworlds in Irish mythology, perhaps best known from the myth of Oisín and Niamh of the Golden Hair. ...

The concept of the Otherworld is also associated with the Isle of Apples, known as Avalon in the Arthurian mythos (often equated with Ablach Emain). Here we find the Silver Bough that allowed a living mortal to enter and withdraw from the Otherworld. According to legend, the Faery Queen sometimes offered the branch to worthy mortals, granting them safe passage and food during their stay. For other uses, see Avalon (disambiguation). ...

Some 19th century archaeologists thought they had found underground rooms in the Orkney isalnds resembling the Elfland in Childe Rowland.^[34] In popular folklore, flint arrowheads from the Stone Age were attributed to the fairies as "elf-shot".^[35] The fairies fear of iron was attributed to the invaders having iron weapons, whereas the inhabitants had only flint and were therefore easily defeated in physical battle. Their green clothing and underground homes were credited to their need to hide and camouflage themselves from hostile humans, and their use of magic a necessary skill for combating those with superior weaponry.^[4] In Victorian beliefs of evolution, cannibalism among "ogres" was attributed to memories of more savage races, still practicing it alongside "superior" races that had abandoned it.^[36] Selkies, described in fairy tales as shapeshifting seal people, were attributed to memories of skin-clad "primitive" people traveling in kayaks.^[4] African pygmies were put forth as an example of a race that had previously existed over larger stretches of territory, but come to be scarce and semi-mythical with the passage of time and prominence of other tribes and races.^[37] Childe Rowland is a fairy tale, the most popular version being by Joseph Jacobs in his English Folk and Fairy Tales, published in 1892, and written partly in verse and part in prose. ... A Faroese stamp depicting the capture of a seal woman Selkies (also known as silkies or selchies) are mythological creatures in Irish, Icelandic, and Scottish mythology. ...

Another theory is that the fairies were originally worshiped as gods, but with the coming of Christianity, they lived on, in a dwindled state of power, in folk belief. In this particular time, fairies were reputed by the church as being 'evil' beings. Many beings who are described as deities in older tales are described as "fairies" in more recent writings.^[5] Victorian explanations of mythology, which accounted for all gods as metaphors for natural events that had come to be taken literally, explained them as metaphors for the night sky and stars ^[38]. According to this theory, fairies are personified aspects of nature and deified abstract concepts such as ‘love’ and ‘victory’ in the pantheon of the particular form of animistic nature worship reconstructed as the religion of Ancient Western Europe.^[39] For other uses, see Love (disambiguation). ... The term Animism is derived from the Latin anima, meaning soul.[1][2] In its most general sense, animism is simply the belief in souls. ... Pantheism (Greek: pan = all and Theos = God) literally means God is All and All is God. It is the view that everything is of an all-encompassing immanent God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent. ...

A third theory was that the fairies were a folkloric belief concerning the dead. This noted many common points of belief, such as the same legends being told of ghosts and fairies, the sídhe in actuality being burial mounds, it being dangerous to eat food in both Fairyland and Hades, and both the dead and fairies living underground.^[40] Sídhe (IPA , shee, modern Irish: sí; Scottish Gaelic: sìth) is an Irish and Scottish Gaelic word referring first to earthen mounds that were thought to be home to a supernatural race related to the fey and elves of other traditions, and later to these inhabitants themselves. ...

Fairies in literature and legend

Fairies of the meadow, by Nils Blommér

The question as to the essential nature of fairies has been the topic of myths, stories, and scholarly papers for a very long time.^[41] Image File history File links Ängsälvor_-_Nils_Blommér_1850. ... Image File history File links Ängsälvor_-_Nils_Blommér_1850. ... Nils Johan Olsson Blommér (1816-1853) was a Swedish painter. ...

Practical beliefs and protection

When considered as beings that a person might actually encounter, fairies were noted for their mischief and malice. Some pranks ascribed to them, such as tangling the hair of sleepers into "Elf-locks", stealing small items or leading a traveler astray, are generally harmless. But far more dangerous behaviours were also attributed to fairies. Any form of sudden death might stem from a fairy kidnapping, with the apparent corpse being a wooden stand-in with the appearance of the kidnapped person.^[42] Consumption (tuberculosis) was sometimes blamed on the fairies forcing young men and women to dance at revels every night, causing them to waste away from lack of rest.^[43] Fairies riding domestic animals, such as cows or pigs or ducks, could cause paralysis or mysterious illnesses. Fairy-Locks or Elf-Locks (superstition) -- When young children, specially girls, wake from an evenings slumber with tangles and snarls in their hair, mothers with a tradition of faerie folk-lore might whisper to their daughters that they had caught fairy locks. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

As a consequence, practical considerations of fairies have normally been advice on averting them. In terms of protective charms, cold iron is the most familiar, but other things are regarded as detrimental to the fairies: wearing clothing inside out, running water, bells (especially church bells), St. John's wort, and four-leaf clovers, among others. Some lore is contradictory, such as Rowan trees in some tales been sacred to the fairies, and in other tales being protection against them. In Newfoundland folklore, the most popular type of fairy protection is bread, varying from stale bread to hard tack or a slice of fresh home-made bread. The belief that bread has some sort of special power is an ancient one. Bread is associated with the home and the hearth, as well as with industry and the taming of nature, and as such, seems to be disliked by some types of fairies. On the other hand, in much of the Celtic folklore, baked goods are a traditional offering to the folk, as are cream and butter.^[32] Cold iron is an archaic term for wrought iron that is hammered without heating in order to compress the metals fibers, thus hardening the metal. ... Binomial name Hypericum perforatum Linnaeus, St Johns wort used alone refers to the species Hypericum perforatum, also known as Klamath weed or Goat weed, but is used with qualifiers to refer to any species of the genus Hypericum. ... A four-leaf clover The four-leaf clover is an uncommon variation of the common three-leaf clover. ... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... Hardtack may also refer to the Operation Hardtack series of nuclear tests. ... Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ...

“The prototype of food, and therefore a symbol of life, bread was one of the commonest protections against fairies. Before going out into a fairy-haunted place, it was customary to put a piece of dry bread in one’s pocket.”^[44]

Bells also have an ambiguous role; while they protect against fairies, the fairies riding on horseback — such as the fairy queen — often have bells on their harness. This may be a distinguishing trait between the Seelie Court from the Unseelie Court, such that fairies use them to protect themselves from more wicked members of their race.^[45] Another ambiguous piece of folklore revolves about poultry: a cock's crow drove away fairies, but other tales recount fairies keeping poultry.^[46] The Seelie Court is a large, loose confederation of gods that consists of the leader Titania and her consort Oberon, as well as the following gods: Caoimhin, Damh, Eachthighern, Emmantiensien, Fionnghuala, Nathair Sgiathach, Skerrit, Squelaiche, and Verenestra. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

In County Wexford, Ireland, in 1882, it was reported that “if an infant is carried out after dark a piece of bread is wrapped in its bib or dress, and this protects it from any witchcraft or evil.”^[47] Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Wexford Code: WX Area: 2,352 km² Population (2006) 131,615 Website: www. ...

A resin statue of a fairy

While many fairies will confuse travelers on the path, the will o' the wisp can be avoided by not following it. Certain locations, known to be haunts of fairies, are to be avoided; C. S. Lewis reported hearing of a cottage more feared for its reported fairies than its reported ghost.^[48] In particular, digging in fairy hills was unwise. Paths that the fairies travel are also wise to avoid. Home-owners have knocked corners from houses because the corner blocked the fairy path,^[49] and cottages have been built with the front and back doors in line, so that the owners could, in need, leave them both open and let the fairies troop through all night.^[50] Locations such as fairy forts were left undisturbed; even cutting brush on fairy forts was reputed to be the death of those who performed the act.^[51] Fairy trees, such as thorn trees, were dangerous to chop down; one such tree was left alone in Scotland, though it prevented a road being widened for seventy years.^[52] Good house-keeping could keep brownies from spiteful actions, because if they didn't think the house is clean enough, they pinched people in their sleep. Such water hags as Peg Powler and Jenny Greenteeth, prone to drowning people, could be avoided by avoiding the bodies of water they inhabit.^[35] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 448 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1712 × 2288 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 448 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1712 × 2288 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other uses, see Will-o-the-wisp (disambiguation). ... Clive Staples Jack Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis, was an Irish author and scholar. ... In the folklore of the Celtic cultures a fairy path, ‘passage’, ‘avenue’ or ‘pass’ is a route taken by these supernatural beings, usually in a straight line and between sites of traditional significance, such as fairy forts or raths (a class of circular earthwork dating from the Iron Age), “airy... Fairy forts are places with remains of Celtic ringforts in Ireland. ... Binomial name Crataegus monogyna Jacq. ... A signature Cox Brownie A brownie, brounie/Urisk (Lowland Scots) or ùruisg/brùnaidh (Scottish Gaelic) is a legendary kind of elf popular in folklore around Scotland and England (especially the north). ... The Peg Powler is an ugly old woman from English folklore with a green skin, long hair and sharp teeth who is said to inhabit the River Tees. ... Jenny Greenteeth is a figure in English folklore from Yorkshire or Lancashire. ...

Other actions were believed to offend fairies. Brownies were known to be driven off by being given clothing, though some folktales recounted that they were offended by inferior quality of the garments given, and others merely stated it, some even recounting that the brownie was delighted with the gift and left with it.^[53] Other brownies left households or farms because they heard a complaint, or a compliment.^[54] People who saw the fairies were advised not to look closely, because they resented infringements on their privacy.^[55] The need to not offend them could lead to problems: one farmer found that fairies threshed his corn, but the threshing continued after all his corn was gone, and he concluded that they were stealing from his neighbors, leaving him the choice between offending them, dangerous in itself, and profiting by the theft.^[56] A signature Cox Brownie A brownie/brounie or urisk (Lowland Scots) or brùnaidh, ùruisg, or gruagach (Scottish Gaelic) is a legendary kind of creature popular in folklore around Scotland and England (especially the north). ...

Millers were thought by the Scots to be "no canny" due to their ability to control the forces of nature, such as fire in the kiln, water in the burn, and for being able to set machinery a-whirring. Superstitious communities sometimes believed that the miller must be in league with the fairies. In Scotland fairies were often mischievous and to be feared. No one dared to set foot in the mill or kiln at night as it was known that the fairies brought their corn to be milled after dark. So long as the locals believed this then the miller could sleep secure in the knowledge that his stores were not being robbed. John Fraser, the miller of Whitehill claimed to have hidden and watched the fairies trying unsuccessfully to work the mill. He said he decided to come out of hiding and help them, upon which one of the fairy women gave him a gowpen (double handful of meal) and told him to put it in his empty girnal (store), saying that the store would remain full for a long time, no matter how much he took out.^[57]

It is also believed that to know the name of a particular fae could summon it to you and force it to do your bidding. The name could be used as an insult towards the Faerie in question, but it could also rather contradictorily be used to grant powers and gifts to the user.

Changelings

Main article: Changeling

A considerable amount of lore about fairies revolves around changelings, fairy children left in the place of stolen human babies.^[4] Older people could also be abducted; a woman who had just given birth and had yet to be churched was regarded as being in particular danger.^[58] A common thread in folklore is that eating the fairy food would trap the captive, as Persephone in Hades; this warning is often given to captives who escape by other people in the fairies' power, who are often described as captives who had eaten and so could not be freed.^[59] Folklore differed about the state of the captives: some held that they lived a merry life, others that they always pined for their old friends.^[60] Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913. ... Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913. ... In Christian tradition churching of women was the ceremony whereby women were recieved back into the congregation after childbirth. ... This article is about the Greek goddess. ...

Classifications

Main article: Classifications of fairies

In Scottish folklore, fairies are divided into the Seelie Court, the more beneficiently inclined (but still dangerous) fairies, and the Unseelie Court, the malicious fairies.^[35] Various folklore classifications of the fairy folk have been made. ... Scottish folklore is the myths and legends historically told by the people of Scotland. ...

Trooping fairies refer to fairies who appear in groups and might form settlements. In this definition, fairy is usually understood in a wider sense, as the term can also include various kinds of mythical creatures mainly of Celtic origin; however, the term might also be used for similar beings such as dwarves or elves from Germanic folklore. These are opposed to solitary fairies, who do not live or associate with others of their kind.^[29] Category: ... Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ... This article is about the mythical creature. ... Read psychedelic section for amazing info! on the experiments of real elves good for school projects This article is about the small mythical creature, for the 2003 film, see Elf (film). ... ...

Legends

In many legends, the fairies are prone to kidnapping humans, either as babies, leaving changelings in their place, or as young men and women. This can be for a time or forever, and may be more or less dangerous to the kidnapped. In the 19th Century Child Ballad, "Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight", the elf-knight is a Bluebeard figure, and Isabel must trick and kill him to preserve her life.^[61] Child Ballad "Tam Lin" reveals that the title character, though living among the fairies and having fairy powers, was in fact an "earthly knight" and, though his life was pleasant now, he feared that the fairies would pay him as their teind (tithe) to hell.^[61] Sir Orfeo tells how Sir Orfeo's wife was kidnapped by the King of Faerie and only by trickery and excellent harping ability was he able to win her back. Sir Degare narrates the tale of a woman overcome by her fairy lover, who in later versions of the story is unmasked as a mortal. Thomas the Rhymer shows Thomas escaping with less difficulty, but he spends seven years in Faerie. Oisín is harmed not by his stay in Faerie but by his return; when he dismounts, the three centuries that have passed catch up with him, reducing him to an aged man.^[62] King Herla also visited Fairy and returned three centuries later; although only some of his men crumbled to dust on dismounting, Herla and his men who did not dismount were trapped on horseback, this being one folkloric account of the origin of the Wild Hunt.^[63] Trolls with the changeling they have raised, John Bauer, 1913. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Child Ballads are a collection of 305 ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, collected by Francis James Child. ... Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight (Child Ballad #4), is the English representative of a very large class of European ballads, most frequently known under the title Halewyn (or some variant). ... For other uses, see Bluebeard (disambiguation). ... Tam Lin is the hero of a Borders legend about fairies and mortal men. ... A tithe (from Old English teogoþa tenth) is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a (usually) voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Jewish or Christian religious organization. ... Sir Orfeo is an anonymous Middle English narrative poem. ... Thomas the Rhymer (also Thomas Rhymer or Thomas Rymer) is the better-known name of Thomas Learmonth of Erceldoune, a 13th century Scottish laird and reputed soothsayer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The wild hunt: Ã…sgÃ¥rdsreien (1872) by Peter Nicolai Arbo The Wild Hunt was a folk myth prevalent in former times across Northern, Western and Central Europe. ...

A common feature of the fairies is the use of magic to disguise appearance. Fairy gold is notoriously unreliable, appearing as gold when paid, but soon thereafter revealing itself to be leaves, gorse blossoms, gingerbread cakes, or a variety of other useless things.^[64] GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Species Ulex argenteus Ulex boivinii Ulex borgiae Ulex cantabricus Ulex densus Ulex europaeus - Common Gorse Ulex gallii - Dwarf Furze or Furse Ulex genistoides Ulex micranthus Ulex minor - Dwarf Gorse Ulex parviflorus Ref: ILDIS Version 6. ... Gingerbread cookies Gingerbread in cake form A Lebkuchen house Traditional Toruń gingerbread Gingerbread is a sweet that can take the form of a cake or a cookie in which the predominant flavor is ginger. ...

These illusions are also implicit in the tales of fairy ointment. Many tales from the British islands tell of a mortal woman summoned to attend a fairy birth — sometimes attending a mortal, kidnapped woman's childbed. Invariably, the woman is given something for the child's eyes, usually an ointment; through mischance, or sometimes curiosity, she uses it on one or both of her own eyes. At that point, she sees where she is; one midwife realizes that she was not attending a great lady in a fine house but her own runaway maid-servant in a wretched cave. She escapes without making her ability known, but sooner or later betrays that she can see the fairies. She is invariably blinded in that eye, or in both if she used the ointment on both.^[65] Fairy Ointment or The Fairy Nurse is an English fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in his English Fairy Tales. ...

Literature

"Prince Arthur and the Fairy Queen" by Johann Heinrich Füssli; scene from The Faerie Queen

Fairies appeared in medieval romances as one of the beings that a knight errant might encounter. A fairy lady appeared to Sir Launfal and demanded his love; like the fairy bride of ordinary folklore, she imposed a prohibition on him that in time he violated. Sir Orfeo's wife was carried off by the King of Faerie. Huon of Bordeaux is aided by King Oberon.^[66] These fairy characters dwindled in number as the medieval era progressed; the figures became wizards and enchantresses.^[67] Morgan Le Fey, whose connection to the realm of faerie is implied in her name, in Le Morte d'Arthur is a woman whose magic powers stem from study.^[68] While somewhat diminished with time, fairies never completely vanished from the tradition. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late tale, but the Green Knight himself is an otherworldly being.^[67] Edmund Spenser featured fairies in The Faerie Queen.^[69] In many works of fiction, fairies are freely mixed with the nymphs and satyrs of classical tradition;^[70] while in others (e.g. Lamia), they were seen as displacing the Classical beings. Fifteenth century poet and monk John Lydgate wrote that King Arthur was crowned in "the land of the fairy", and taken in his death by four fairy queens, to Avalon where he lies under a "fairy hill", until he is needed again. ^[71] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x1904, 332 KB) Image is derived from Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queen File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Fairy The Faerie Queene ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x1904, 332 KB) Image is derived from Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queen File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Fairy The Faerie Queene ... The Fairy Queen was a figure from English folklore who was believed to rule the fairies. ... Fuseli talking to Johann Jakob Bodmer, 1778-1781. ... As a literary genre, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic prose and verse narrative current in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. ... The Knight Errant (1870), by John Everett Millais. ... Garrett, E. H (1853-1929), Sir Launfal Scorns a Beggar from: The Vision of Sir Launfal. ... Sir Orfeo is an anonymous Middle English narrative poem. ... Huon of Bordeaux is the title character of a 13th century French romance (chanson de geste). ... Oberon, also Auberon, King of the Fairies, is most well-known as a character in William Shakespeares play, A Midsummer Nights Dream, written in the mid-1590s. ... Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation In the mythology of King Arthur, Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain or Morgana and a slew of related name variants, is a powerful sorceress and... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Edward Burne-Jones Le Morte dArthur (spelled Le Morte Darthur in the first printing and also in some modern editions, Middle French for la mort dArthur, the death of Arthur) is Sir Thomas Malorys compilation of some French and English Arthurian... The original Gawain manuscript, Cotton Nero A.x. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Una and the Lion by Briton Rivière The Faerie Queene is a poem by Edmund Spenser, first published in 1590 (the first half) with the more or less complete version being published in 1596. ... In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of female nature entities, either bound to a particular location or landform or joining the retinue of a god or goddess. ... A bald, bearded, horse-tailed satyr balances a winecup on his erect penis, a trick worthy of note, on an Attic red-figured psykter, ca. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... John Lydgate (1370?-1451?); Monk and poet, born in Lidgate, Suffolk, England. ... For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Avalon (disambiguation). ...

Study for The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania by Noel Paton: fairies in Shakespeare

Fairies appear as significant characters in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer's Night Dream, which is set simultaneously in the woodland, and in the realm of Fairyland, under the light of the moon.^[72] and in which a disturbance of Nature caused by a fairy dispute creates tension underlying the plot and informing the actions of the characters. According to Maurice Hunt, Chair of the English Department at Baylor University, the blurring of the identities of fantasy and reality makes possible “that pleasing, narcotic dreaminess associated with the fairies of the play”.^[73] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Study for The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania Joseph Noel Paton (born 1821) is a Scottish artist. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... A Midsummer Nights Dream is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare written in the mid-1590s. ... Fairyland can have several meanings in English Faerie, a locus of strong and impressive magical powers, but has tended in modern times to become trivialised as a sort of Never-Never Land, an uncomplicated, child-like world. ...

Shakespeare's contemporary, Michael Drayton features fairies in his Nimphidia; from these stem Alexander Pope's sylphs of The Rape of the Lock, and in the mid 1600s, précieuses took up the oral tradition of such tales to write fairy tales; Madame d'Aulnoy invented the term contes de fée ("fairy tale").^[74] While the tales told by the précieuses included many fairies, they were less common in other countries' tales; indeed, the Brothers Grimm included fairies in their first edition, but decided this was not authentically German and altered the language in later editions, changing each "Fee" (fairy) to an enchantress or wise woman.^[75] J. R. R. Tolkien described these tales as taking place in the land of Faerie.^[76] Additionally, not all folktales that feature fairies are generally categorized as fairy tales. Drayton, 1628 Michael Drayton (1563 – December 23, 1631) was an English poet who came to prominence in the Elizabethan era. ... For other uses, see Alexander Pope (disambiguation). ... The New Star, Illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for The Rape of the Lock The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic poem written by Alexander Pope, first published in 1712 in two cantos, and then reissued in 1714 in a much-expanded 5-canto version. ... The literary style called préciosité (preciousness) arose from the lively conversations and playful word games of les précieuses, the witty and educated intellectual ladies who frequented the salon of the marquise de Rambouillet; her Chambre bleue (the blue bedroom of her hôtel particulier) offered a Parisian refuge... A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ... Marie-Catherine le Jumelle de Barneville, Baronne dAulnoy (1650/1651–4 January 1705) was a French writer known for her fairy tales. ... For other uses, see Brothers Grimm (disambiguation). ... Tolkien redirects here. ... Álfheim (Old Norse Álfheimr Elf-home) is the abode of the Álfar Elves in Norse mythology and appears also in northern English ballads under the forms Elfhame and Elphame, sometimes modernized as Elfland or Elfenland. ...

Fairies in literature took on new life with Romanticism. Writers such as Sir Walter Scott and James Hogg were inspired by folklore which featured fairies, such as the Border ballads. This era saw an increase in the popularity of collecting of fairy folklore, and an increase in the creation of original works with fairy characters.^[77] In Rudyard Kipling's Puck of Pook's Hill, Puck holds to scorn the moralizing fairies of other Victorian works.^[78] The period also saw a revival of older themes in fantasy literature, such as C.S. Lewis's Narnia books which, while featuring many such classical beings as fauns and dryads, mingles them freely with hags, giants, and other creatures of the folkloric fairy tradition.^[79] Victorian flower fairies were popularized in part by Queen Mary’s keen interest in fairy art, and by British illustrator and poet Cicely Mary Barker's series of eight books published in 1923 through 1948. Imagery of fairies in literature became prettier and smaller as time progressed.^[66] Romantics redirects here. ... For the first Premier of Saskatchewan see Thomas Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott (August 14, 1771 - September 21, 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe. ... For the Texas Governor, see Jim Hogg James Hogg James Hogg (1770 - November 21, 1835) was a Scottish poet and novelist who wrote in both Scots and English. ... The English/Scottish border has a long and bloody history of conquest and reconquest, raid and counter-raid. ... This article is about the British author. ... Look up puck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ... Narnia is a fantasy world created by C. S. Lewis as a location for his Chronicles of Narnia, a series of seven fantasy novels for children. ... A faun, as painted by Hungarian painter Pál Szinyei Merse In Roman mythology, fauns are place-spirits (genii) of untamed woodland. ... The Dryad by Evelyn De Morgan Dryads are female tree spirits in Greek mythology. ... Tsukioka Yoshitoshi, The Hag, August 1890. ... Jack the Giant-Killer by Arthur Rackham. ... by Sophie Anderson A fairy, faerie,fairie or faery, is a creature from stories and mythology. ... Mary I of England Queen Mary, Queen Marie, or Queen Maria may refer to: // Mary I of England (1516–1558), queen regnant of England, was the daughter of Henry VIII of England (by his first wife Catherine of Aragon), and the second wife of Philip II of Spain Mary of... Cicely Mary Barker (June 28, 1895 - February 16, 1973) was the illustrator who created the famous Flower Fairies. As a child she was greatly influenced by the works of the illustrator Kate Greenaway, whom she assiduously copied in her formative years. ...

Fairies are seen in Neverland, in the novel Peter and Wendy, the version of James Barrie's famous Peter Pan stories that was published in 1911. In the part of the story where Peter Pan and the lost boys had built a house for Wendy on Neverland, he stays up late that night to guard her from the pirates, but then the story says: "After a time he fell asleep, and some unsteady fairies had to climb over him on their way home from an orgy. Any of the other boys obstructing the fairy path at night they would have mischiefed, but they just tweaked Peter's nose and passed on." ^[80] For other uses, see Neverland (disambiguation). ... Sir James Matthew Barrie, Baronet, Scottish author Sir James Matthew Barrie, Baronet (May 9, 1860 - June 19, 1937), more commonly known as J. M. Barrie, was a Scottish novelist and dramatist. ... This article is about the play by J.M. Barrie. ...

Etymology

This section does not cite any references or sources. (August 2007) Please improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

The word fay came to English around 1400 (as fai, fay) from Old French faie or fee (Modern French fée), earlier from the Vulgar Latin feminine fata, referring to one of the Fates, personifications of destiny (the Greek Moirae); cf. the Italian Fata Morgana used as a translation of Morgan le Fay. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Old French was the Romance dialect continuum spoken in territories corresponding roughly to the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300. ... Not to be confused with Latin profanity. ... FATA can refer to: The Federally Administered Tribal Areas, areas of Pakistan outside the four provinces. ... In Greek mythology, the white-robed Moirae or Moerae (Greek Μοίραι – the Apportioners, often called the Fates) were the personifications of destiny (Roman equivalent: Parcae, sparing ones, or Fatae; also equivalent to the Germanic Norns). ... For other meanings, see Fate, a disambiguation page. ... A fata Morgana, named after Morgan le Fay, the faery shapeshifting half-sister of King Arthur, is a mirage, an optical phenomenon which results from a temperature inversion. ...

English fairy (Middle English faierie) was borrowed ca. 1300 from Old French faerie "land of the faie, enchantment", a noun denoting the general class, activity or habitation of the faie (faierie being related to fai as e.g. yeomanry to yeoman, foolery to fool, or nunnery to nun). From adjectival use ("fairy gold", "fairy queen" etc.) from the 15th century applied to the class of supernatural beings inhabiting faerie, re-interpreted as derived from fair, singular fairy with a new plural fairies. The term fairy tale is a translation of the Conte de feés of Madame d'Aulnoy (1698). The spelling faerie first appears 1590 in Spenser's Faerie Queene.^[81] From Spenser's use, the spelling with -ae- came to be used in a dignified or poetic sense as opposed to "vulgar" tales. J. R. R. Tolkien makes use of the distinction, in On Fairy-Stories defining Faërie as "the realm or state in which fairies have their being", depicted (under the name of Faery) as a mystical or visionary state in his Smith of Wootton Major. Fairy Land is used by Shakespeare as an apposition, in the 19th century contracted to fairyland. A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ... Marie-Catherine le Jumelle de Barneville, Baronne dAulnoy (1650/1651–4 January 1705) was a French writer known for her fairy tales. ... Una and the Lion by Briton Rivière The Faerie Queene is a poem by Edmund Spenser, first published in 1590 (the first half) with the more or less complete version being published in 1596. ... Tolkien redirects here. ... On Fairy-Stories is an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the fairy-story as a literary form. ... Smith of Wootton Major, first published in 1967, is a short story by J. R. R. Tolkien. ... Shakespeare redirects here. ...

Fairies in art

See also: Fairy painting

"Momentarily, she was trans-formed into a little, exquisitely beautiful fairy". Illustration from Alfred Smedberg's The Seven Wishes among Gnomes and Trolls by John Bauer.

One of the Cottingley Fairies photographs taken by Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths.

Images of fairies have appeared as illustrations, often in books of fairy tales, as well as in photographic-based media and sculpture. Some artists known for their depictions of fairies include: A genre of painting began with Victorian fairy painters such as Richard Dadd, and John Anster Fitzgerald and fairy tale illustrators like Arthur Rackham who illustrated scenes from A Midsummer Nights Dream and The Tempest by Shakespeare, as well as their own fantasies of the miniature faery world. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1365x1431, 2550 KB) Namn: I samma ögonblick var hon förvandlad till en underskön liten älva Name: At that moment she was changed by magic to a wonderful little fairy Konstnär / Artist: John Bauer Källa: Illustration till Alfred... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1365x1431, 2550 KB) Namn: I samma ögonblick var hon förvandlad till en underskön liten älva Name: At that moment she was changed by magic to a wonderful little fairy Konstnär / Artist: John Bauer Källa: Illustration till Alfred... Tyr and Fenrir, by John Bauer (1911) The Changeling, by John Bauer (1913) Trolls with an abducted princess, by John Bauer (1915) John Bauer (1882–1918) was a Swedish illustrator best known for Bland Tomtar och Troll (Among Elves and Trolls), an annual Christmas book for children published in Sweden. ... Image File history File links Cottingley_Fairies_1. ... Image File history File links Cottingley_Fairies_1. ... Frances with the fairies, taken by Elsie in July 1917. ... A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ... Sculptor redirects here. ...

• Cicely Mary Barker
• Jasmine Becket-Griffith
• Amy Brown
• David Delamare
• Brian Froud
• Meredith Dillman
• Warwick Goble
• Kylie InGold
• Alan Lee
• Ida Rentoul Outhwaite
• Myrea Pettit
• Arthur Rackham
• Florence Harrison

The Victorian era was particularly noted for fairy paintings. The Victorian painter Richard Dadd created paintings of fairy-folk with a sinister and malign tone. Other Victorian artists who depicted fairies include John Atkinson Grimshaw, Joseph Noel Paton, John Anster Fitzgerald and Daniel Maclise.^[82] Interest in fairy-themed art enjoyed a brief renaissance following the publication of the Cottingley Fairies photographs in 1917 and a number of artists turned to painting fairy themes. Following in the footsteps of this trend, and utilizing modern digital technology, fantasy photographers like J. Corsentino created a new sub-genre of "fairy photography".^[83] Cicely Mary Barker (June 28, 1895 - February 16, 1973) was the illustrator who created the famous Flower Fairies. As a child she was greatly influenced by the works of the illustrator Kate Greenaway, whom she assiduously copied in her formative years. ... Jasmine Becket-Griffith (born June 4, 1979) is a freelance artist who specializes in fairy, fantasy, and gothic artwork. ... Amy Brown Book Cover Amy Brown (born 1972, in Bellingham, Washington) is a popular fantasy and fairy artist. ... David Delamare (born in Leicester, England) is a popular artist. ... Brian Froud (born 1947 in Winchester) is an English fantasy illustrator. ... Meredith Dillman is a fantasy artist and illustrator from Minnesota who specializes in fairies and fairy tale paintings. ... An illustration by Warwick Goble for Beauty and the Beast, 1913. ... Kylie InGold Fairy Painting Freedom of the Faery Kylie InGold (born 1962) is an Australian artist, a painter of the fairy and fantasy genre. ... Alan Lee 2003 in (New Zealand) Alan Lee (born August 20, 1947) is an English book illustrator and movie conceptual designer. ... Ida Rentoul Outhwaite (June 9, 1888 – 1960) was an Australian illustrator of childrens books. ... Myrea Pettit Born 10 February 1970, Northampton United Kingdom, British contemporary Fairy and Fantasy Artist and Illustrator, Works published in following books, Der Elfen und der Feen 2003, Fantasy Figures 2003, The Art of Faery 2003 written by David Riché, Watercolor Fairies 2004 written by David Riché, The World of... An illustration from Alices Adventures in Wonderland Arthur Rackham (September 19, 1867 – September 6, 1939) was a prolific English book illustrator. ... The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Richard Dadd. ... Nightfall on the Thames, 1880 John Atkinson Grimshaw (1836-1893) was a Victorian-era painter, born in Leeds, England. ... Study for The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania Joseph Noel Paton (13 December 1821 – 26 December 1901) is a Scottish artist, born in Woolers Alley, Dunfermline, Fife. ... The Captive Robin, John Anster Fitzgerald, c. ... A detail of the engraving of Maclises 1842 painting The Play-scene in Hamlet, portraying the moment when the guilt of Claudius is revealed. ... Frances with the fairies, taken by Elsie in July 1917. ... For other uses, see Photograph (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ... J. Corsentino (1978 – ) is a Columbian born American photographer and fantasy artist. ...

Fairies in popular culture

For a more comprehensive list, see List of fairy and sprite characters

Fairies are often depicted in books, stories, and movies. A number of these fairies are from adaptations of traditional tales. These are fictional fairies and sprites, listed in alphabetical order. ...

Perhaps some of the most well-known fairies were made by Disney. Tinkerbell, from the Peter Pan stories by J.M. Barrie^[84] and the Disney adaptation. While in Carlo Collodi's tale Pinocchio a wooden boy receives the gift of real life from the a fairy described as the "lovely maiden with azure hair",^[85] who was dubbed the "Blue Fairy" for Disney's adaptation. Disney redirects here. ... Å› This article is about a fictional character. ... This article is about the play by J.M. Barrie. ... Sir James Matthew Barrie, Baronet, Scottish author Sir James Matthew Barrie, Baronet (May 9, 1860 - June 19, 1937), more commonly known as J. M. Barrie, was a Scottish novelist and dramatist. ... Peter Pan is the fourteenth animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ... he Tuscan village where his mother, Angela Orzali, was born. ... For other uses, see Pinocchio (disambiguation). ... Pinocchio is the second animated feature in the Disney animated features canon. ...

As would be expected, fairies appear in other media as well, including novels, video games, and music. A comprehensive list is beyond the scope of this article, but one recent and notable example is Susanna Clarke's novel Jonathan Strange & Mr. Norrell, which revolved about two magicians with close connections to the fairy world;^[86] it won the Hugo Award for Best Novel.^[87] Clarke drew heavily on British folklore for this work and her collection of short stories The Ladies of Grace Adieu, including retelling the story of Tom Tit Tot as her "On Lickerish Hill".^[88] Black version of the hardcover edition. ... The Hugo Awards are given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works. ... Illustration of Rumpelstiltskin from Andrew Langs The Blue Fairy Book, ca. ...

As fairy art, folklore and music inspired by it has continued to thrive in popular culture, various fantasy faires and conventions dedicated to everything fairy have sprung up around the country, such as Faerieworlds, Faeriecon and fairy festivals at Sproutwood Farm. Recording artist Gary Stadler released a series of fairy-influenced music CDs on Sequoia Records, beginning with "Fairy of the Woods" in 1994, and including "Fairy HeartMagic", that appeared on Billboard's top 25 New Age music chart in 2000, and featuring fairy artwork by Katlyn Breene of Zingaia. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Gary Stadler is a New Age pianist, composer, songwriter and producer, specializing in contemporary Celtic-influenced themes and atmospheres. ... Billboard is a weekly American magazine devoted to the music industry. ... New Age music is a style of music originally associated with some New Age beliefs. ... Zingaia is a recording artist group in the genres of Contemporary World Music, New Age music, and Ethnic electronica residing in Las Vegas, Nevada. ...

Many children television programs such as The Fairly Oddparents also feature fairies and magic. The Fairly OddParents is an Emmy Award-winning American animated television series created by Butch Hartman about the adventures of a boy who has two fairy godparents and his fairy god brother, Poof, who was introduced to the series on a one-hour television event on February 18, 2008 called... Not to be confused with Magic (illusion). ...

Fairies are a companion and helper of Ofelia and the faun in the Spanish movie Pan's Labyrinth by filmmaker Guillermo del Toro. They originally look like large insects but shapeshift after Ofelia shows them a picture of what a fairy is supposed to look like. A faun, as painted by Hungarian painter Pál Szinyei Merse In Roman mythology, fauns are place-spirits (genii) of untamed woodland. ... Pans Labyrinth (Spanish: , literally The Labyrinth of the Faun) is an Academy Award-winning Spanish language fantasy film[2][3] written and directed by Mexican film-maker Guillermo del Toro. ... Guillermo del Toro Gómez (born October 9, 1964 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is an Academy Award-nominated Mexican film director. ...

In the Harry Potter scenario, unusually, fairies are depicted as non-sentient and reproducing by egg and larva and pupa like insects do. ^[89] This article is about the Harry Potter series of novels. ... Sentience is the capacity for basic consciousness -- the ability to feel or perceive, not necessarily including the faculty of self-awareness. ... A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) pupa A pupa (Latin pupa for doll, pl: pupae or pupas) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera...

Bibliography

• D. L. Ashliman, Fairy Lore: A Handbook (Greenwood, 2006)
• Brian Froud and Alan Lee, Faeries, (Peacock Press/Bantam, New York, 1978)
• Ronan Coghlan Handbook of Fairies (Capall Bann, 2002)
• Lizanne Henderson and Edward J. Cowan, ''Scottish Fairy Belief: A History'' (Edinburgh, 2001; 2007)
• C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (1964)
• Patricia Lysaght, The Banshee: the Irish Supernatural Death Messenger (Glendale Press, Dublin, 1986)
• Peter Narvaez, The Good People, New Fairylore Essays (Garland, New York, 1991)
• Eva Pocs, Fairies and Witches at the boundary of south-eastern and central Europe FFC no 243 (Helsinki, 1989)
• Diane Purkiss, Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories (Allen Lane, 2000)
• Tomkinson, John L. Haunted Greece: Nymphs, Vampires and other Exotika, (Anagnosis, 2004) ISBN 960-88087-0-7

Brian Froud (born 1947 in Winchester) is an English fantasy illustrator. ... Alan Lee 2003 in (New Zealand) Alan Lee (born August 20, 1947) is an English book illustrator and movie conceptual designer. ... Ronan Coghlan (Born 1948) is an Irish writer living in Bangor, County Down in Northern Ireland. ... Clive Staples Jack Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis, was an Irish author and scholar. ...

References

Katharine Mary Briggs (November 8, 1898 – 1980) is the author of The Anatomy of Puck, the definitive 4-volume Dictionary of British Folk-Tales, and various other books on fairies and folklore. ... Pantheon Books was an American publishing company that was acquired by Random House in 1961. ... Clive Staples Jack Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis, was an Irish author and scholar. ... Yeats redirects here. ... Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz (b. ... Terri Windling is an influential fantasy editor, artist, essayist, and author of the novel The Wood Wife (1996), winner of the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for best novel. ... Iona Opie (b. ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ... Terri Windling is an influential fantasy editor, artist, essayist, and author of the novel The Wood Wife (1996), winner of the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for best novel. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bloomsbury may refer to: Bloomsbury, London, an area in the centre of the city the Bloomsbury group, an English literary group active around from around 1905 to the start of World War II. the Bloomsbury Gang, a political grouping centred on the local landowner, John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford... Newton Newt Artemis Fido Scamander, Order of Merlin, Second Class is a fictional magizoologist from the Harry Potter series of books. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Fairies

• Academic discussion on BBC Radio 4's In Our Time, May 11, 2006 (streaming and podcast)
• Audio recording of a traditional fairy story from Newfoundland, Canada (streaming and downloadable formats)
• Brief Essay Away With the Faery: Exploring the Irish Gentry by Paula Vaughan
• The Iron Fairies : Exploring the Fairies of Australia