NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic consisting of two main islands, East Falkland and West Falkland, and a number of smaller islands. Port Stanley, the capital and largest city, is on East Falkland. They are administered as a largely self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom (UK). An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... For other uses, see Atlantic (disambiguation) The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland is the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... West Falkland shown within Falkland Islands West Falkland, known as Gran Malvina in Spanish, is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of approximately 4,532 square kilometres. ... See also Port Stanley, Ontario. ... A self-governing colony is a colony with an elected legislature, in which politicians are able to make most decisions without reference to the colonial power with formal or nominal control of the colony. ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ...

Argentina claims the islands and invaded them in 1982, leading to the Falklands War in which they were retaken by the UK, in accordance with the wishes of the population. Argentina calls the islands by their Spanish name, Islas Malvinas and uses Malvinas Islands as their English name. Argentina considers them part of the Tierra del Fuego Province. Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. ... The Falklands War or the Malvinas War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was an armed conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands, also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas, between March and June of 1982. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Map of Argentina highlighting the province Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands (Sp. ...

File links The following pages link to this file: Falkland Islands Flag of the Falkland Islands User:DanielZm/test2 Flags of non-sovereign nations User:Matthewmayer/Sandbox/Flags User:Midom/flags sandbox List of FIFA country codes List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions 2002 Commonwealth Games medal count 2006... Falkland Islands Coat of Arms. ... Flag ratio: 1:2 The flag of the Falkland Islands was adopted on September 29, 1948. ... A motto is a phrase or collection of words intended to describe the motivation or intention of a sociological grouping or organization. ... Locator map for the Falkland Islands. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... See also Port Stanley, Ontario. ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... (Redirected from 1 E10 m2) To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people—or organisms of a particular species—living in a given geographic area. ... Estimation is approximate or uncertain calculation of a result, often based on approximate, uncertain, incomplete, or noisy inputs. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ... The Falkland Islands issue their own currency, the pound. ... The pound sterling, which strictly speaking refers to basic currency unit of sterling, now the pound, can generally refer to the currency of the United Kingdom (UK). ... -1... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Daylight saving time (also called DST, or Summer Time) is the portion of the year in which a regions local time is advanced by (usually) one hour from its standard official time. ... The National Anthem is the name of a song by the band Radiohead. ... This article is on the British patriotic anthem. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .fk is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Falkland Islands. ...

History

Main article: History of the Falkland Islands Background: The Falkland Islands were uninhabited when first discovered by Europeans, but the recent discovery of the remains of a wooden canoe is strong evidence that they had previously been visited, most probably by the Yaghan people of Tierra del Fuego. ...

The Dutch sailor Sebald de Weert is usually credited with first sighting the Falklands in 1600, though both the British and Spanish maintain their own explorers discovered the islands earlier. Some older maps, particularly Dutch ones, used the name 'Sebald Islands' for a while. The history of exploration is as follows: Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned in a stake for heresy July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the coastal dunes. ...

In the eighteenth century, Louis de Bougainville (France) founded a naval base at Port Louis, East Falkland in 1764. The French named them the Îles Malouines, so-called from when the islands were briefly occupied by fishermen from St Malo. Ignorant of de Bougainville's presence, John Byron (Great Britain) established a base at Port Egmont, West Falkland in 1765. In 1766, France sold its base to Spain. Spain declared war on Great Britain in 1770 in a fight over the islands but the dispute was settled the following year, with Spain retaining East Falkland and Great Britain West Falkland. Amerigo Vespucci ( March 9, 1454 - February 22, 1512) was an Italian merchant and cartographer who voyaged to and wrote about the Americas. ... Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy, on the Arno River, with a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess of 200,000. ... John Davis (1550? - 1605) was one of the chief English navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I, especially in Polar regions. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831... Sir Richard Hawkins (c. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831... Pepys Island was a phantom island, said to lie about 230 miles north of the Falkland Islands. ... South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina. ... British explorer James Cook is most noted for having discovered Australia and Hawaii. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831... The united Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the merger of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707 (see Act of Union 1707). ... George Anson, 1st Baron Anson (April 23, 1697 - 1762) was a British admiral and a wealthy aristocrat, noted for his circumnavigation of the globe. ... The united Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the merger of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707 (see Act of Union 1707). ... Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811) Louis Antoine de Bougainville (November 11, 1729–August 31, 1811) was a French navigator and military commander. ... Categories: France geography stubs | Communes of Ille-et-Vilaine ... John Byron (November 8, 1723 to April 10, 1786) was a British vice-admiral. ...

They remained practically unsettled until the 19th century. Argentina set up a penal colony in the islands in 1820, and in 1829 named Luis Vernet as the islands' governor, in order to colonise them. The United Kingdom invaded the islands in 1833, but Argentina maintained its claim. Various tensions led to an Argentine invasion in 1982. The islands were later retaken by the UK. See: Falklands War. Download high resolution version (1100x1400, 218 KB)Phytoplankton bloom off Falkland Islands January 26, 2004, 18:35 UTC larger version here Image Courtesy: NASA/MODIS Rapid Response System File links The following pages link to this file: Falkland Islands Geography of the Falkland Islands Categories: NASA images ... Download high resolution version (1100x1400, 218 KB)Phytoplankton bloom off Falkland Islands January 26, 2004, 18:35 UTC larger version here Image Courtesy: NASA/MODIS Rapid Response System File links The following pages link to this file: Falkland Islands Geography of the Falkland Islands Categories: NASA images ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Hanging of body-selling murderer William Burke - his associate William Hare, who testified against him, is released January 19 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethes Faust premieres March 4 - Andrew Jackson succeeds John Quincy Adams as the President of the United States of America. ... Events January 3, Britain seizes control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. ... The Falklands War or the Malvinas War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was an armed conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands, also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas, between March and June of 1982. ...

No native people lived in the islands when the Europeans arrived, although there is some disputed evidence for earlier human visits. The most convincing is the Falkland Island fox, or Warrah, possibly descended from South American culpeo used as hunting dogs by Yaghan people of Tierra del Fuego. It is unlikely that it reached the islands by itself. Abundant when the islands were settled by Europeans, it was considered a nuisance to livestock and hunted to extinction. Binomial name Dusicyon australis (Kerr, 1792) The Falkland Island Fox (Dusicyon australis, formerly named Canis antarcticus by Darwin), also known as the Warrah and occasionally as the Falkland Island Wolf or Antarctic Wolf and by Argentine writers as the Malvinas Zorro, was the only native land mammal of the Falkland... Binomial name Pseudalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) The culpeo is a South American species of wild dog. ... The Yaghan or Yamana were an indigenous people of Tierra del Fuego. ... Tierra del Fuego (Spanish: land of fire) is an archipelago at the southernmost tip of South America. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ...

Politics

Main article: Politics of the Falkland Islands Download high resolution version (983x667, 89 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (983x667, 89 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Data code: FA Dependency status: overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina Government type: NA Capital: Stanley Administrative divisions: none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) Independence: none (overseas territory of...

Executive authority comes from the Queen and is exercised by the governor on her behalf. Defence is the responsibility of the UK. There is a constitution, which was put into force in 1985. Under the constitution, eight Legislative Councillors, five from Stanley and three from Camp, are elected every four years. Numerous people, places and things are named Stanley or Stanly. ... Camp is the term used in the Falkland Islands to refer to any part of the islands outside of the islands only significant town, Stanley. ...

The Executive Council, which advises the Governor, consists of the Chief Executive, Financial Secretary and three Legislative Councillors, which are elected by the other Legislative Councillors. Executive concil is chaired by the Governor. The Legislative Council consists of Chief Executive, Financial Secretary and the eight Legislative Councillors. Legislative council is presided over by the Speaker of the House, currently Mr LG Blake.

The loss of the war against Britain over control of the islands led to the collapse of the Argentine military dictatorship in 1983. Disputes over control of the islands still continue. In 2001, British Prime Minister Tony Blair was the first to visit Argentina since the war. On the 22nd anniversary of the war, Argentina’s President Néstor Kirchner gave a speech insisting that the islands would once again be part of Argentina. Kirchner, since becoming president in 2003, has made the islands a top priority. In June 2003 the issue was brought before a United Nations committee, and attempts have been made to open talks with Britain to resolve the issue of the islands. The Falkland Islanders themselves are almost entirely British, and maintain their allegiance to the United Kingdom. The Right Honourable Anthony Charles Lynton Blair, commonly called Tony Blair (born 6 May 1953) has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 1997, when he brought the Labour Party into power after 18 consecutive years of Conservative government. ... Néstor Carlos Kirchner (born 25 February 1950) is the current President of Argentina. ...

Geography

Main article: Geography of the Falkland Islands Falkland Islands map from CIA factbook File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Falkland Islands map from CIA factbook File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Located near Southern South America, The Falkland Islands are in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina. ...

The islands are 300 miles (483 km) from the South American mainland.There are two main islands, East Falkland (Soledad) and West Falkland (Gran Malvina) and about 700 small islands. The total land area is 12,173 km². East Falkland (beige) shown within Falkland Islands East Falkland is the largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of 6,605 square kilometres. ... West Falkland shown within Falkland Islands West Falkland, known as Gran Malvina in Spanish, is the second largest of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic, with an area of approximately 4,532 square kilometres. ...

Islanders themselves talk about two main areas of the islands, namely Stanley and the rest which they nickname "the Camp", from the Spanish "campo" meaning "countryside".

Economy

Main article: Economy of the Falkland Islands Economy - overview: The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. ...

The largest industries are fishing and agriculture. The islands have oil reserves that are believed to be quite substantial, but yet to be exploited Fishing from a Pier Fishing is both the recreation and sport of catching fish (for food or as a trophy), and the commercial fishing industry of catching or harvesting seafood (either fish or other aquatic life-forms, such as shellfish). ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). ...

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of the Falkland Islands The majority of people in the Falkland Islands are of British descent (approximately 70%), including people from the United Kingdom who have obtained Falkland Island status, becoming what are known locally as belongers. Others are the descendants of whalers who reached the Islands during the last two centuries. ...

Islanders call themselves "Islanders". Outsiders often call Islanders "Kelpers", from the kelp, which grows profusely around the islands, but the name is not used in the Islands any more. The word kelper is used in Argentina with the meaning of second-class citizens as a reflection on the legal status of the islanders within the UK prior to the passing of the Nationality Act of 1983. Kelp are large seaweeds, belonging to the brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales. ... The British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 was an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament and came into force on January 1, Falkland Islands, a British Dependent Territory in the South Atlantic. ...

Culture

Main article: Culture of the Falkland Islands Falklanders are very much into good food, being well known all over the southern half of South America and the Antarctic territories for their excellent wurstels. ...

Miscellaneous topics

Communications in the Falkland Islands Telephones - main lines in use: NA Telephones - mobile cellular: NA Telephone system: domestic: Telephone penetration by household is over 100%. Services in Stanley are delivered via fibre optic and copper; in the remainder of the Islands the service is delivered via wireless technology international: satellite... Transport in the Falkland Islands Railways: 0 km Highways: total: 348 km paved: 83 km unpaved: 265 km Ports and harbours: Stanley Merchant marine: none (1999 est. ... The Falkland Islands are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and as such rely on the UK for guarantee of their security. ... This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Falkland Islands. ...

See also

This is about the First World War naval battle. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 was an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament and came into force on January 1, Falkland Islands, a British Dependent Territory in the South Atlantic. ... The Falklands War or the Malvinas War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was an armed conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands, also known in Spanish as the Islas Malvinas, between March and June of 1982. ... Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. ... Samuel Stransham, a Royal Marines officer, planted the Union Jack on the Falkland Islands, claiming the islands for King George III. See also: Gen. ... BAS headquarters The British Antarctic Survey (BAS), formerly the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), is an institute of the Natural Environment Research Council, and has, for the last fifty years, undertaken the majority of Britains scientific research on and around the Antarctic continent. ... List of cities, towns, and settlements on the Falkland Islands Darwin Fitzroy Goose Green Port San Carlos Port Howard Port Louis Port Stanley (capital) Salvador San Carlos Categories: Towns in the Falkland Islands ...

Reference

March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ...

External links

Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Argentina is a country in southern South America, situated between the Andes in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east. ... The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. ... The Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil in Portuguese) is the largest and most populous country in South America, and fifth largest in the world. ... The Republic of Chile is a country in South America occupying a long coastal strip between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean. ... The Republic of Colombia is a country in north-western South America. ... The Republic of Ecuador is a country in northwestern South America, bounded by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean on the west. ... The Co-operative Republic of Guyana is a nation along the northern coastline of South America. ... Panama (Spanish: Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. ... The Republic of Paraguay is a landlocked republic in South America. ... The Republic of Peru (Spanish: Perú; Quechua, Aymara: Piruw) is a country in western South America, bordering with Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the east, south-east and south, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ... -1... For other uses of the word Trinidad, see Trinidad (disambiguation) The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is a nation located in the southern Caribbean Sea, off the coast of Venezuela. ... The Republic Eastern of the Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a Spanish speaking country located in southern South America. ... The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America. ... French Guiana ( French: Guyane) is an overseas département (département doutre-mer, or DOM) of France, located on the Caribbean coast of South America. ...

Categories: Falkland Islands | Disputed territories | Current British colonies A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... Union Flag / Union Jack: Flag of the United Kingdom For more information, see Court of the Lord Lyon, Flags. ... Map of Akrotiri (Western) SBA Akrotiri (also known as the Western Sovereign Base Area or WSBA) and Dhekelia (also known as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area or ESBA) are UK Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) in Cyprus, a former British Crown Colony. ... National motto: Each Endeavouring, All Achieving Official language English Political status Non-sovereign, Overseas territory of the U.K Capital The Valley Governor Alan Huckle Chief Minister Osbourne Fleming Area - Total - % water Ranked n/a 91 km² Negligible Population - Total (2002) - Density 12,800 140/km² Currency East Caribbean dollar... Bermuda is an internally self-governing island Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom, situated in the Atlantic Ocean. ... British claim to land and islands in Antarctica, and is the oldest territorial claim on the continent. ... National motto: In tutela nostra Limuria (Limuria is in our charge) Official language English Capital Diego Garcia Largest city Diego Garcia Island Commissioner Tony Crombie Administrator Tony Humphries Area - Total - % water Ranked 78 (United Kingdom) 60 km² 0 Population - Total - Density uninhabited N/Akm² GDP - Total - GDP/head N/A... The British Virgin Islands are a group of over 50 islands and Cays located in the northeast Caribbean. ... National motto: He hath founded it upon the seas Official language English Capital George Town Capitals coordinates 19. ... Gibraltar (disambiguation). ... National motto: Each Endeavouring, All Achieving Official language English Political status Non-sovereign, Overseas territory of the U.K Capital Plymouth (now uninhabited) Governor Deborah Barnes Jones Chief Minister John Osborne Area - Total - % water Ranked n/a 91 km² Negligible Population - Total (2003) - Density Ranked n/a - 9,000 - 102... National motto: ? Official language English (Pitcairnese also spoken) Capital Adamstown Governor Richard Fell Mayor Jay Warren (elected on December 15 2004) Area - Total - % water 47 km² Negligible Population - Total (2003) - Density 48 1/km² Dependent area of United Kingdom Currency New Zealand dollar Time zone UTC -8 National anthem None... For alternate uses, see Saint Helena (disambiguation). ... Ascension Island is a Crown Colony of the United Kingdom located in the South Atlantic Ocean. ... Tristan da Cunha is a remote island in the south Atlantic Ocean, at latitude 37°S, longitude 12°W. It is a dependency of St. ... South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina. ... The Turks and Caicos Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the Caribbean, southeast of the Bahamas, at 21°45N, 71°35W. The thirty islands total 166 sq. ...