A false document is a form of verisimilitude that attempts to create in the reader (viewer, audience etc) a sense of authenticity beyond the normal and expected suspension of disbelief. That is, it wants to fool the audience briefly into thinking that what is being presented is actually a fact. This is not to be confused with a mockumentary, an admittedly fictional film presented in the manner of a documentary. For other uses, see Verisimilitude (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mockumentary (also known as a pseudo-documentary)[1], a portmanteau of mock and documentary, is a film and TV genre, or a single work of the genre. ... Fictional film or narrative film uses chronological reality to tell a fictional story. ...

In various jurisdictions in the United States, it is a false or fraudulent record which when presented to another, especially a government officer or agent, constitutes a crime, often a felony. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In the broadest sense a fraud is any crime (or civil wrong) for gain that utilises some deception practiced on the victim as its principal method. ... Look up Record in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the record label, see Felony Records The term felony is a term used in common law systems for very serious crimes, whereas misdemeanors are considered to be less serious offenses. ...

In practice, the device takes a very simple form. The work of art (be it a text, a moving image, a comic book or whatever) usually is composed of or includes some piece of forgery. The false document effect can be achieved in many ways, including faked police reports, newspaper articles, bibliographical references and documentary footage. The effect can be extended outside of the confines of the text by way of supplementary material such as badges, ID cards, diaries, letters or other objects. Chinese Jade ornament with flower design, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 AD), Shanghai Museum. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ...

The moral and legal implications of false document art are, by necessity, complex and perhaps insoluble. The difference between a great artistic achievement and a stunning forgery is slim. Sometimes the false document technique can be the subject of a work instead of its technique, though these two approaches are not mutually exclusive as many texts which engage falseness do so both on the literal and the thematic level.

Origin of the false document technique

One of the earliest examples of the technique is the 16th century chivalric romance Amadis of Gaul (1508, Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo). For the modern genre of romantic fiction, see Romance novel. ... For other uses, see Amadis (disambiguation). ... 1508 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo (or Garci Ordoñez de Montalvo) was a Spanish author (d. ...

False documents in film

The 1973 film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (And the 2003 Remake) claims to be based on true events, but this is not the case. It is, in reality, only loosely inspired by crimes committed by Ed Gein. This article is about the 1974 film. ... Gein redirects here. ...

The 1974 film Macon County Line claims to be true but it is fiction.

Peter Jackson's 1995 film Forgotten Silver was billed and introduced as a serious documentary, purporting to tell the story of 'forgotten' New Zealand filmmaker Colin McKenzie. A large proportion of the viewing audience were fooled until the directors revealed they were "only joking". For other persons named Peter Jackson, see Peter Jackson (disambiguation). ... Forgotten Silver (1995) is a New Zealand film mockumentary that purports to tell the story of a pioneering New Zealand filmmaker. ...

A disclaimer before the 1996 film Fargo makes the claim that it is based on a true story, but this was refuted by its creators, the Coen brothers, saying that people would more readily believe something outlandish if told that it actually happened, per the "truth is stranger than fiction" idiom. Fargo is a 1996 American crime-comedy-drama film written, directed and produced by the Coen Brothers. ... Joel and Ethan Coen, known as The Coen Brothers, are Oscar-winning American filmmakers. ...

When the 1999 film The Blair Witch Project was released, the extensive marketing campaign claimed it to be a real documentary, compiled from footage discovered abandoned in a forest. The Blair Witch Project is a low-budget American horror film released in 1999. ...

The 2008 film Cloverfield purports to be video footage shot by witnesses of a monster attacking New York City and recovered by the Army as evidence. It begins with a title screen claiming the footage was found in "US Site 447, formerly known as Central Park." However, the enormous scale of the disaster shown in the movie makes it impossible that viewers would consider the movie to be true. For the creature of the film, see Cloverfield (creature). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres, 3. ...

False documents in art

Orson Welles' F for Fake is a prime example of a film which is both about falsification (art forgery and the journalism surrounding art forgery) as well as having falsified moments within the film. The movie follows the exploits of a famous art forger, his biographer Clifford Irving, and the subsequent fake autobiography of Howard Hughes that Irving tries to publish. The issues of veracity and forgery are explored in the film while at the same time, Welles tricks the audience by incorporating fake bits of narrative alongside the documentary footage. George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an Academy Award-winning American director, writer, actor and producer for film, stage, radio and television. ... F for Fake (1974) (original French title, Vérités et Mensonges) is the last major film completed by Orson Welles. ... Falsification may mean: The act of disproving a proposition, hypothesis, or theory. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For the politician, see Clifford Irving (politician). ... Cover of the first English edition of 1793 of Benjamin Franklins autobiography. ... For the Welsh murderer, see Howard Hughes (murderer). ...

Another artist who has run afoul of the technique is the artist JSG Boggs, whose life and work have been extensively explored by author and journalist Lawrence Weschler. Boggs draws currency with exceptional care and accuracy, but he only ever draws one side. He then attempts to buy things with the piece of paper upon which he has drawn the currency. His goal is to pass each bill for its face value in common transactions. He buys lunch, clothes, and lodging in this manner, and after the transactions are complete his bills fetch many times their face value on the art market along with accompanying evidence (receipts, photos, and the like) which prove the veracity of the actual transaction. Boggs does not make any money off of the much larger art market value of his work. He only exists on the profit of the actual transaction. He has been arrested in many countries, and there is much controversy surrounding his work. J.S.G. Boggs is an American artist best known for his hand-drawn, one-sided copies of US banknotes. ... Lawrence Weschler (born 1952) is an author of works of creative nonfiction. ...

Mostly, however, the technique is employed in more mundane ways that hark back to its nineteenth century origins. Whether a particular piece of art is a false document, or is using false documentary techniques in a central way, is of course arguable. Usually, the character and extent of the use is examined.

False documents, fakery and forgery

Documentary filmmaking, and other attempts at actual documentation, can wittingly and unwittingly participate in the form as its goals of authenticity are so closely aligned with direct false documentation (that is, in both cases there is an element of authenticity and an element of narrative fudging). In Schwarzenegger's Pumping Iron for example, Arnold talks about how his father died in the months preceding a major body building competition. He uses this anecdote to illustrate how important the final months before a competition are to a truly dedicated bodybuilder. He says that, though his father's funeral was set during the penultimate month, he did not attend because he could not be distracted from training. However, in the companion book it is revealed that at the time of printing, Arnold's father had not died. It does not say the story was a lie, it merely provides contrary evidence. Schwarzenegger was executive producer of both the film and the companion book. It has been theorized by Professor Sally Robinson that Schwarzenegger was intentionally undermining his own narrative, effectively creating a mildly self-deprecating re-examination of his own obsessions for perfection at any cost. In the end, whether Arnold intentionally fabricated the story for a desired effect is left to the audience. For the Beavis and Butt-head episode, see Pumping Iron (Beavis and Butt-head episode). ... An anecdote is a short tale narrating an interesting or amusing biographical incident. ...

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

In the case of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion we have a very interesting complexity. It is an alleged record which was published and printed for the first time in 1903. The alleged original manuscript has long since disappeared, and conflicting, and inconsistent, testimony and witness reports about it have been presented at the Berne Trial in 1934 and 1935. Nevertheless, it has been established that it was a fabrication, a fake, and a hoax created by the Tsar's secret police, the Okhrana. Furthermore, it has been established that a substantial portion of it were taken, without citation, from a 1864 satire on Napoleon III by one Maurice Joly (his French language work titled, Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu) - so that it also constitutes a plagiarism. Nevertheless, it has been repeatedly reproduced, in typescript and printed form, by its often anonymous editors as an alleged authentic document taken, or stolen from some vaguely identified Jewish and Masonic organization. As such, it was presented to Russian Empire censors (1903, 1905, 1906, 1911) who passed it along for publication. Similarly, it was presented to various government officials, military and diplomatic, in the United States and in Europe (1919-1920), in opposition to the Russian Revolution, and to influence the terms of the peace settlement which resulted in the Treaty of Versailles. Accordingly, this document, which now only exists in the world as a reproduction, has all the elements of a false document. Since it is difficult to imagine a typesetter working without a manuscript, we must assume that one existed. But since this original forged item has long since disappeared, the crimes of fraudulently and repeatedly submitting such a false document as authentic not only cannot be prosecuted, but cannot be studied by historians or subjected to the rigorous requirements of forensics. 1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet. ... 1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet. ... Look up Record in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Publishing is the activity of putting information in the public arena. ... Printing is an industrial process for reproducing copies of texts and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. ... A manuscript (Latin manu scriptus, written by hand), strictly speaking, is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way. ... In law and in religion, testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter. ... This article is about witnesses in law courts. ... The Berne Trial is a famous trial held in Berne, Switzerland between 1934 and 1935, under an obscenity-related statute involving the plagiarism and forgery of the notorious Protocols of the Elders of Zion. ... Fabrication may refer to more than one thing: Fabrication (metal) Semiconductor device fabrication Lie Fiction Fable This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Look up fake in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian  , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... This article is about secret police as organizations. ... The Okhrannoye otdeleniye (Russian: , meaning Security Section or Security Station), also the Okhrana or Tsarist Okhranka in Western sources, or diminutive Okhranka by those dissatisfied with the tsarist regime, was a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in late 1800s... 1867 edition of Punch, a ground-breaking British magazine of popular humour, including a good deal of satire of the contemporary social and political scene. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... Maurice Joly (1829-1878) was a French satirist and lawyer. ... For other uses, see Plagiarism (disambiguation). ... A manuscript is any document that is written by hand, as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way. ... Printing is an industrial process for reproducing copies of texts and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. ... Anonymous redirects here. ... Look up editor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... See also authenticity (philosophy) and authentication (which deals only with computer security). ... For the similarly-named Surrealist journal, see Documents (journal). ... Theft (also known as stealing) is, in general, the wrongful taking of someone elses property without that persons willful consent. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... American Square & Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ... The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... For omission and secrecy, see censorship. ... Look up publication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Russian Revolution can refer to: Russian Revolution (1905), a series of strikes against Tsar Nicholas II Russian Revolution (1917) February Revolution, resulting in the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia October Revolution, the Bolshevik seizure of power Third Russian Revolution, the failed anarchist revolution against the Bolsheviks and the White... This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of June 28, 1919, which ended World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation) . The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was a peace treaty that officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. ... For other uses, see Reproduction (disambiguation) Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. ... Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in an aesthetic form on paper or some other media. ... This article is about smithing. ... In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain. ... The word forensic (from Latin: forensis - forum) refers to something of, pertaining to, or used in a court of law. ...

False documents in theory

• Boggs by Lawrence Weschler
• Mr. Wilson's Cabinet of Wonder by Lawrence Weschler
• Simulacra and Simulation by Jean Baudrillard

Boggs is a surname, and may refer to J. Caleb Boggs, American lawyer and politician Charles Boggs, American naval officer Danny Julian Boggs, American judge Dock Boggs, American banjo player Francis Boggs, American silent film director Grace Lee Boggs, American activist Hale Boggs, American politician J. S. G. Boggs, American... Lawrence Weschler (born 1952) is an author of works of creative nonfiction. ... Simulacra and Simulation (Simulacres et Simulation in French) is a philosophical treatise by Jean Baudrillard that discusses the interaction between reality, symbols and society. ... Jean Baudrillard (July 29, 1929 – March 6, 2007) (IPA pronunciation: [1]) was a French cultural theorist, philosopher, political commentator, and photographer. ...

False documents in fiction

This article or section may contain poor or irrelevant examples. Articles should only contain pertinent examples. Please improve the article or discuss proposed changes on the talk page. You can edit the article to add more encyclopaedic text. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions.

Several fiction writers use the technique of inventing a piece of literature or non-fiction and referring to this work as if it actually existed, typically by quoting from the work.

Blurring the line of reality and fiction is an important component of horror, mystery, detective, science fiction and fantasy narratives due to their unusual demands on verisimilitude; a typically descriptive narrative form may not engender in the reader the necessary sense of wonder and danger. For this reason, false documentary techniques have been in use for at least as long as these literary genres have existed. Frankenstein draws heavily on a forged document feel, as do Dracula, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and many of the works of Jules Verne and H.G. Wells. Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire is a particularly elaborate variation. Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... For other uses, see Verisimilitude (disambiguation). ... This article is about the 1818 novel. ... This article is about the novel. ... The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. ... This article is about the French author. ... H. G. Wells at the door of his house at Sandgate Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 - August 13, 1946) was an English writer best known for his science fiction novels such as The War of the Worlds and The Time Machine. ... This page is about the novelist. ... Penguin Classics edition of Pale Fire Pale Fire (1962) is a novel by Vladimir Nabokov, his fourteenth in total and fifth in English. ...

The following is a partial list of false supporting documents in fiction:

• Miguel de Cervantes claims that all the chapters but the first in Don Quixote are translated from an Arabic manuscript by Cide Hamete Benengeli. He is parodying a plot device of chivalry books. For instance, Joanot Martorell in the introductory letter to Tirant lo Blanc claims to be not the creator of a fiction, but the translator of an English historical manuscript.
• Robert Graves' novel I, Claudius, is written as a recently-discovered autobiography penned by the late Emperor.
• Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe was supposedly the autobiography of the title character, an English castaway who spent 28 years on a remote island. The account was presented as a factual event, in a genre called histories. It was based on real the castaway Alexander Selkirk.
• Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels was originally attributed to "Lemuel Gulliver", a ship's surgeon, and purported to be a factual account of four of his sea voyages. It even includes a rather irate bogus note from Gulliver to his publisher. It may be debatable whether the book is an example of a False Document, but is included because it initially bore little or no indication that it was a work of fiction.
• The Ossian cycle of ancient Celtic poetry supposedly rediscovered and published in 1760 was actually written in the eighteenth century, possibly based on some fragments of earlier verses.
• Voltaire's play Candide purports to be assembled from the notes of a deceased "Monsieur le docteur Ralph", likely due to the fact that the play pokes fun at most of the powers of Europe at the time.
• Bram Stoker's novel Dracula is told in the form of numerous documents, including journals and newspaper articles. A brief introduction claims that they are all real.
• The Anno Dracula stories and novels of Kim Newman use many of these same false sources.
• The Necronomicon appearing in the works of H. P. Lovecraft.
• Neil Gaiman, in the first issue of his comic Sandman, introduced the grimoire titled Grimorium Magdelene.
• In the The Club Dumas, author Arturo Pérez-Reverte introduced the grimoire the The Nine Doors of the Kingdom of Shadows (also called "The Ninth Gate") as well as the Delomalanicon.
• Author William Goldman claims in his book The Princess Bride that the story he tells is an abridged version of the Florinese literary masterpiece by the great (and fictional) S. Morgenstern.
• Fritz Leiber's novella Our Lady of Darkness revolves around the secret occult studies of fictional author/occultist Thibaut de Castries and his book Megapolisomancy: A New Science of Cities.
• The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco pretends to be a recovered manuscript.
• First Encyclopaedia of Tlön appearing in the short story "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" by Jorge Luis Borges, plus several other fictional books invented by the same author, including an entire bibliography for the fictional author Pierre Menard.
• Several works of the fictional author Fanshawe appearing in Paul Auster's The Locked Room in The New York Trilogy.
• The Red Book of Westmarch and a surviving copy of it called The Thain's Book, portions of which were "translated" by J. R. R. Tolkien into his books The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien also physically fabricated several pages of another fictional book, the "Book of Mazarbul".
• Never Whistle While You're Pissing is the work of the fictional character Hagbard Celine in the Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.
• Michael Crichton's Eaters of the Dead is a fabricated recreation of the Old English epic Beowulf in the form of a scholastic translation of Ahmad ibn Fadlan's tenth century manuscript. Many of his other novels, such as The Andromeda Strain and Jurassic Park, also incorporated large quantities of fabricated scientific documents in the form of diagrams, DNA sequences, footnotes and bibliography.
• Business historian Robert Sobel wrote For Want of a Nail, a fictional history of an alternate North America which included hundreds of fictional footnotes and a bibliography listing over a hundred fictional histories and biographies.
• Dozens of fictional footnotes referencing events, books of magical scholarship, and biographies in Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell, the debut novel by Susanna Clarke.
• Milorad Pavić's Dictionary of the Khazars is a work of fiction in the form of three fictional encyclopedias, which incorporate viewpoints that provide inconsistent descriptions of the events they describe.
• A Princess of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs claims to be the manuscript of John Carter relating his adventures on Mars, except for the first chapter explaining how the manuscript was received. Burroughs has also used this technique extensively in his other novels, particularly the tales of Pellucidar.
• House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski is a work of fiction revolving around the discovery of a manuscript critiquing a documentary called The Navidson Record and its effects on both its author and editor.
• The Third Policeman and The Dalkey Archive by Flann O'Brien contains not only quotes from the works of a fictitious Irish philosopher named de Selby, but also has numerous footnotes and references to other fictitious authors writing about de Selby and his books.
• The Flashman books by George MacDonald Fraser are supposedly edited versions of the title character's memoirs.
• The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams is named for a fictional galactic encyclopedia that one of the main characters works for. The book also frequently quotes the fictional Guide.
• The roleplaying game Spaceship Zero presents itself as being based on a non-existent television show, which is based on a non-existent radio play, all of which are to be adapted into a non-existent film. The hoax has been generally accepted in a number of reviews of the title.
• Philip K. Dick's novel The Man in the High Castle features a (banned) fictional work called The Grasshopper Lies Heavy, which purports to describe how things might have transpired after World War II if the Allied side had won (in the reality of the book, the Axis powers triumphed).
• The Historian by Elizabeth Kostova purports to be a book by the main character, and further contains a number of other letters, books, and maps relating to Dracula and the main character's friends and family.
• Isaac Asimov's Encyclopedia Galactica as presented in The Foundation Series is an attempt to compile all human knowledge in order to preserve it following the collapse of the Galactic Empire in the far future. An "excerpt" from it introduces each chapter of each book in the series.
• Isaac Asimov's story The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline is a fictional research paper about a compound that dissolves before being added to water that cites only and entirely false sources.
• Stephen King's novel, Carrie, includes many excerpts from a fictional committee's findings on the events in the novel, as well as excerpts from a book on the events in the novel titled The Shadow Exploded.
• Dean Koontz' novels included quotations from The Book of Counted Sorrows, which did not exist until, at the urging of his fans, he created it.
• Jack Higgins based his book The Eagle Has Landed on alleged research into a German abduction plot in the Second World War. Higgins writes in the first person of finding the graves of 13 German paratroopers in an English churchyard, an event known not to have actually occurred, and claims that the book stems from his research into actual events.
• Nathaniel Hawthorne's book The Scarlet Letter opens with an account of the author himself finding the letter and records which tell the story of Hester Prynne, which is narrated in the rest of the book. The existence of the records has never been proven; the opening is generally considered to be a literary device.
• Margaret Atwood's novel The Handmaid's Tale closes with a chapter set at a conference taking place some time after the events of the rest of the book, in which scholars question the authenticity of the earlier manuscript.
• The comic book limited series Watchmen makes extensive use of the technique, including one character's autobiography, magazine interviews with several characters, psychiatric reports and even a fictional comic book within the comic book.
• James Gurney's Dinotopia: Land Apart from Time is based on the premise that it is the diary of Arthur Dennison, who gets shipwrecked on the island of Dinotopia.
• Nick Bantock's series of Griffin and Sabine works consist of a series of letters and postcards between the two main characters.
• The Tattooed Map, a novel by Barbara Hodgson also published by Raincoast Books, reads as a journal being kept by the protagonists as they travel to Morocco, complete with hardwritten notes, photos and magazine cutouts from the journey.
• The books in Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events conclude with supposed letters from Snicket himself to his editor, containing a summary of his submitted manuscript for the following book in the series. Since Lemony Snicket is both the fictional narrator of the stories as well as the author's pseudonym, it creates a false sense that the stories are written from truth.
• The Screwtape Letters, written by C. S. Lewis, is purported to be a series of missives from a demonic teacher at a college to his protégé.
• The Zombie Survival Guide, by Max Brooks, presents itself as a survival manual in the event of a zombie outbreak. It includes citations of scientific studies performed on zombies, details on the sort of preparation one can make to guard against attacks, and historical examples of zombie outbreaks. It concludes with blank pages which the owner is meant to use as a journal, should they endure a zombie outbreak, lending the book a stronger, if satiric, kind of realism. Brooks' later work, World War Z, uses false interviews to create a mockumentary account of a worldwide zombie outbreak.
• "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar," by Edgar Allan Poe, about a mesmerist who puts a man in a suspended hypnotic state at the moment of death. It was published without claiming to be fictional, and many at the time of publication (1845), took it to be a factual account.
• Each chapter in Frank Herbert's science fiction novels Whipping Star, The Dosadi Experiment, and Dune variously begin with an aphorism, an excerpt from an official report (or even a manual), a quotation from a book about the events of the novel, etc.

A special case is represented by two examples fashioned to represent traditional academic scientific publications: Cervantes redirects here. ... This article is about the fictional character and novel. ... For the modern genre of romantic fiction, see Romance novel. ... Joanot Martorell (1413–1468) was the Valencian author of the novel Tirant lo Blanch, which is written in Valencian (Catalan). ... A page from the beginning of the 1491 edition. ... Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English poet, scholar, and novelist. ... I, Claudius is a novel by Robert Graves, (ISBN 067972477X) first published in 1934, dealing sympathetically with the life of the Roman Emperor Claudius and the history of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty and Roman Empire, from Julius Caesars assassination in 44 BC to Caligulas assassination in 41 AD... Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 [?] â€“ April 24 [?], 1731)[1] was a British writer, journalist, and spy, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ... For other uses, see Robinson Crusoe (disambiguation). ... The title role is the role (or position) of the character after whom a literary work (e. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... U.S. merchant seamen try to revive a shipwrecked Filipino fisherman rescued in the South China Sea. ... Early 18th century novels and romances were still not considered part the world of learning, hence, not of part of literature; they were market goods. ... Alexander Selkirk, born Alexander Selcraig, (1676–13 December 1721) was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway on an uninhabited island; it is probable that his travails provided the inspiration for Defoes Robinson Crusoe. ... Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 – October 19, 1745) was an Irish cleric, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet, famous for works like Gullivers Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapiers Letters, The Battle of the Books, and... For other uses, see Gullivers Travels (disambiguation). ... This article needs cleanup. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Oisín. ... For other uses, see Voltaire (disambiguation). ... For the Bernstein operetta based on the book, see Candide (operetta). ... Abraham Bram Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish writer of novels and short stories, who is best known today for his 1897 horror novel Dracula. ... The Anno Dracula series by Kim Newman is a work of fantasy depicting an alternate history in which vampires are a common and more-or-less accepted part of society (as a result of Draculas successful conquest of England, depicted in Anno Dracula, the first in the series). ... Kim Newman (born July 31, 1959) is an English journalist, film critic, and fiction writer. ... For other uses, see Necronomicon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the author. ... Neil Richard Gaiman (IPA: ) (born November 10, 1960[2]) is an English author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels, graphic novels, comics, and films. ... A statue of the sandman of Sandmännchen at Filmpark Babelsberg The Sandman is a character in popular Western folklore who brings good sleep and dreams by sprinkling magic sand onto the eyes of children. ... Cover of Random House edition The Club Dumas is a 1993 novel by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. ... Spanish stamp (2002) tribute to Captain Alatriste, Pérez-Revertes most famous character. ... William Goldman (born August 12, 1931) is an American novelist, playwright and two-time Academy Award-winning screenwriter. ... This article is about the novel. ... Simon Morgenstern was born to Max and Valerie Morgenstern in the country of Florin. ... Fritz Leiber portrait by Ed Emshwiller on July 1969 special issue devoted to Leiber. ... // Megapolisomancy (fictional occult pseudoscience) Megapolisomancy is a fictional occult science created by Fritz Leiber, an influential American writer of fantasy and science fiction. ... For the feature-length film of the same story, see The Name of the Rose (film). ... Umberto Eco (born January 5, 1932) is an Italian medievalist, semiotician, philosopher and novelist, best known for his novel The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa) and his many essays. ... Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius is a short story by the 20th century Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. ... Borges redirects here. ... For Works Cited lists, see Citation. ... Pierre Menard is a fictional 20th century writer, created by Jorge Luis Borges. ... Paul Auster Paul Benjamin Auster (born February 3, 1947, Newark, New Jersey) is a Brooklyn-based author. ... The New York Trilogy is a series of novels or long stories by Paul Auster. ... Fictional book in J.R.R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... Tolkien redirects here. ... For other uses, see Hobbit (disambiguation) and There and Back Again (disambiguation). ... This article is about the novel. ... A page from the Book of Mazarbul Record of Balins expedition to Moria. ... 23 The Illuminatus! Trilogy is a series of three novels written by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson. ... Robert Joseph Shea (1933 - March 10, 1994) was the co-author (with Robert Anton Wilson) of The Illuminatus! Trilogy. ... Robert Anton Wilson Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007) was a prolific American novelist, essayist, philosopher, psychologist, futurologist, anarchist, and conspiracy theory researcher. ... Michael Crichton, pronounced [1], (born October 23, 1942) is an American author, film producer, film director, and television producer. ... Eaters of the Dead: The Manuscript of Ibn Fadlan Relating His Experiences with the Northmen in A.D. 922 is a 1976 novel by Michael Crichton. ... Old English redirects here. ... For other meanings of epic, see Epic. ... This article is about the epic poem. ... Ahmad ibn Fadlān ibn al-Abbās ibn RaÅ¡Ä«d ibn Hammād (أحمد إبن فضلان إبن ألعباس إبن رشيد إبن حماد) was a 10th century Muslim writer and traveler who wrote an account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars, the Kit... ( 9th century - 10th century - 11th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... This article is about the novel. ... For the feature film based on this book, see Jurassic Park (film). ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ... Robert Sobel in a promotional photo for his publisher. ... The IND local subway stop in Manhattan 81st Street Museum of Natural History (B and C trains, with A trains making local stops during midnight hours) that would ordinarily have been at 79th Street, the large crosstown thoroughfare, is at 81st Street, to accommodate the American Museum of Natural History... Alternative history or alternate history develops out of historiography to identify historical points of view that have been ignored, overlooked, or unseeable. ... Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell is the award-winning debut novel by British writer Susanna Clarke. ... Susanna [Mary] Clarke (born November 1, 1959) is a British author best known for her debut novel Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2004), a Hugo Award-winning alternate history fantasy. ... Milorad Pavić (Serbian: Милорад Павић) (born October 15, 1929 in Belgrade) is a noted Serbian poet, prose writer, translator, and literary historian. ... Dictionary Of The Khazars: A Lexicon Novel is the first novel by Milorad Pavich (Milorad Pavić). ... Cyclopedia redirects here. ... A Princess of Mars is an Edgar Rice Burroughs science fiction novel, the first of his famous Barsoom series. ... Edgar Rice Burroughs Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American author, best known for his creation of the jungle hero Tarzan, although he also produced works in many genres. ... John Carter and Dejah Thoris from the cover of the first edition of A Princess of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs, McClurg, 1917 John Carter is a fictional character, created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, who appears in the Martian series of novels. ... A Princess of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs, McClurg, 1917 Barsoom is a fictional version of the planet Mars invented by author Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories. ... Pellucidar is a fictional Hollow Earth milieu invented by Tarzan creator Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories. ... For other uses, see House of Leaves (disambiguation). ... Mark Danielewski Mark Z. Danielewski is an American author, born in March 5, 1966. ... The Third Policeman is Flann OBriens second novel, written in 1939 and 1940 but not published until 1967, after the authors death. ... The Dalkey Archive is a novel by the Irish writer Flann OBrien. ... Flann OBrien (October 5, 1911, Strabane, County Tyrone Ireland – April 1, 1966 Dublin) is a pseudonym of the twentieth century Irish novelist and satirist Brian ONolan (in Irish Brian Ó Nuallain), best known for his novels An Béal Bocht, At Swim-Two-Birds and The Third Policeman. ... De Selby is the name of a fictitious Irish philosopher and scientist, originally invented by Flann OBrien, for his novel The Third Policeman. ... Harry Paget Flashman is a fictional character originally created by the author Thomas Hughes in his semi-autobiographical work Tom Browns Schooldays, first published in 1857. ... George MacDonald Fraser, OBE (born 2 April 1926 in Carlisle) is a British author of both historical novels and non-fiction books. ... The cover of the first novel in the Hitchhikers series, from a late 1990s printing. ... Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author, comic radio dramatist, and musician. ... A roleplaying game (RPG) is a type of game in which players assume the roles of characters and collaboratively create stories. ... Spaceship Zero is the title of a roleplaying game and an indie rock CD. The common thread between both projects being Toren Atkinson and Warren Banks. ... Philip Kindred Dick (December 16, 1928 – March 2, 1982) was an American writer, mostly known for his works of science fiction. ... The Man in the High Castle is a 1962 alternate history novel by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick. ... The Historian is a 2005 novel by Elizabeth Kostova about a quest, reaching through the past five centuries, for the historical Dracula. ... Elizabeth Johnson Kostova (born December 26, 1964) is an American author. ... This article is about letter, a written message from one party to another. ... [1]#redirect Book ... See map for the navigational aid The acronym MAPS could refer to: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies Mail Abuse Prevention System Multi-jurisdictional Automated Preclearance System Mid-Atlantic Percussion Society Medical Advanced Pain Specialists Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship Multidisciplinary Academic PerspectiveS Metropolitan Area ProjectS Category: ... Isaac Asimov (January 2?, 1920?[1] – April 6, 1992), pronounced , originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as Айзек Азимов [1], was a Russian-born American author and professor of biochemistry, a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. ... An entry about the Sirius Cybernetics Corporation (Marketing Division) from the Encyclopaedia Galactica as featured on the BBC TV series The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Thiotimoline is a fictitious chemical compound conceived by science fiction author Isaac Asimov and described in a spoof scientific paper entitled The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline in 1948. ... For other persons named Stephen King, see Stephen King (disambiguation). ... Carrie (1974) is Stephen Kings first published novel. ... Dean Ray Koontz (born July 9, 1945 in Everett, Pennsylvania) is an American writer. ... The Book of Counted Sorrows was a previously nonexistent book quoted in many Dean Koontz books. ... Jack Higgins is the principal pseudonym of UK novelist Harry Patterson (b. ... The Eagle Has Landed is a book by Jack Higgins first published in 1975. ... Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was a 19th century American novelist and short story writer. ... This article is about the 1850 book. ... Margaret Eleanor Atwood, OC (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian writer. ... The Handmaids Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, first published by McClelland and Stewart in 1985. ... A comic book is a magazine or book containing the art form of comics. ... The limited series is a term referring to a comic book series with a set finite number of issues. ... For other uses, see Watchman. ... Dinotopia: Land Apart From Time by James Gurney Dinotopia is a fictional utopian place created by author and illustrator James Gurney. ... Nick Bantock is an artist and author from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ... Griffin and Sabine: An Extraordinary Correspondence is a fiction book by Nick Bantock, published in 1991 by Chronicle Books in the United States and Raincoast Books in Canada. ... Lemony Snicket is a pseudonym used by author Daniel Handler in his book series A Series of Unfortunate Events, as well as a character in that series. ... A Series of Unfortunate Events is a childrens book series of thirteen novels written by Daniel Handler under the pseudonym of Lemony Snicket, and illustrated by Brett Helquist. ... For other uses, see Alias. ... The Screwtape Letters is a work of Christian fiction by C.S. Lewis first published in book form in 1942. ... Clive Staples Jack Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis, was an Irish author and scholar. ... The Zombie Survival Guide, published in 2003, is a fictional survival manual that deals with the potentiality of an undead attack. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the living dead. ... World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War (abbreviated WWZ) is a novel by Max Brooks which chronicles a theoretical zombie apocalypse, specifically the titular Zombie World War, as a series of after-the-fact oral history interviews with prominent survivors. ... Mockumentary (also known as a pseudo-documentary)[1], a portmanteau of mock and documentary, is a film and TV genre, or a single work of the genre. ... The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Animal magnetism (French: magnétisme animal) is also known eponymously as mesmerism after Franz Mesmer who postulated the existence of a magnetic fluid or ethereal medium as a therapeutic agent. ... Frank Patrick Herbert (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful American science fiction author. ... Whipping Star is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. ... The Dosadi Experiment is a science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert in 1977. ... This article is about sand formations. ...

• The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades, by Zoologist Gerolf Steiner, purports to be a non-fictional natural history study, and was written, published, and presented as if it were an actual scientific treatise documenting the recently-extinct indigenous wildlife ("Rhinogradentia") of the equally fictitious Hi-yi-yi archipelago. There is nothing in the work itself that indicates it is a work of fiction.
• In a remarkably similar vein, science fiction artist and author Wayne Douglas Barlowe wrote Expedition: Being an Account in Words and Artwork of the 2358 A.D. Voyage to Darwin IV, which was a natural history study of an alien planet and its indigenous wildlife, written as though published in the year 2366.

Zoology (from Greek: ζῴον, zoion, animal; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... Gerolf Steiner was a professor of zoology at the University of Hamburg. ... Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now often viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines of integrative organismal biology. ... // Rhinogradentia (also known as snouters or Rhinogrades) is a fictitious mammal order documented by the equally fictitious German naturalist Harald Stümpke. ... Hi-yi-yi (or Hi-aiy) was a fictitious archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, created by Gerolf Steiner, a zoology professor at the University of Heidelberg, to be the habitat of his equally fictitious Rhinogradentia. ... The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Wayne Douglas Barlowe (born January 6, 1958 in Glen Cove, New York) is a science fiction and fantasy painter. ... Expedition book cover Expedition is the title of a science fiction book by artist/author Wayne Douglas Barlowe. ...

False documents in games

In video games, the adventure genre has most frequently given rise to the use of false documents to create a sense of immersion. The feelies pioneered by text adventure company Infocom include many examples, such as blueprints, maps, documents, and publications designed within the context of each game's fictional setting. A more recent development, the alternate reality game, is intrinsically tied to the concept; an ARG may exist solely as a collection of false documents that build a fictional storyline and puzzles connected to it. Computer and video games redirects here. ... This article is about the computer and video game genre. ... Infocom used the term feelies to refer to the extra content included with the boxed versions of their interactive fiction computer games. ... Zork I is one of the first interactive fiction games, as well as being one of the first commercially sold. ... Zork universe Zork games Zork Anthology Zork trilogy Zork I   Zork II   Zork III Beyond Zork   Zork Zero Enchanter trilogy Enchanter   Sorcerer   Spellbreaker Other games Wishbringer   Return to Zork Zork: Nemesis   Zork Grand Inquisitor Zork: The Undiscovered Underground Topics in Zork Encyclopedia Frobozzica Characters   Kings   Creatures Timeline   Magic   Calendar Zorkmid... Alternate Reality, see Alternate Reality (computer game). ...

A prominent example of false document in the videogame genre is the Resident Evil series, which, from the first installment, uses newspaper clippings and television news reports that report the alleged cannibalistic murder of the victims found in the Arklay Mountain region. While the rest of the series does not do this as much as the first, there are still a few cases that it happens, such as the opening sequence of Resident Evil 4. This article is about the video game series. ... Resident Evil 4, known in Japan as Biohazard 4 ), is a third-person shooter, published and developed by Capcom. ...

A viral marketing campaign ran prior to the release of Shadow of the Colossus, stating the Colossi were actual real statues found by explorers and tourists. Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness, through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. ... Shadow of the Colossus , lit. ...

False documents in cross-marketing

There is a long history of producers creating tie-in material to promote and merchandise movies and television shows. Tie-in materials as far-ranging as toys, games, lunch boxes, clothing and so on have all been created and in some cases generate as much or more revenue as the original programming. One big merchandising arena is publishing. In most cases such material is not considered canon within the show's mythology; however, in some instances the books, magazines, etc. are specifically designed by the creators to be canonical. With the rise of the Internet, in-canon online material has become more prominent. Canon, in the context of a fictional universe, comprises those novels, stories, films, etc. ...

The following is a list of "false document" in-canon supplemental material:

• Twin Peaks spawned three canon books:
  • The Autobiography of F.B.I. Special Agent Dale Cooper: My Life, My Tapes ISBN 0-671-74400-3
  • The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer ISBN 0-671-73590-X
  • Twin Peaks: An Access Guide to the Town ISBN 0-671-74399-6

Additionally, a set of trading cards was produced which are also canon. This article is about the television show. ... Twin Peaks has spawned several successful books due to its success. ... A trading card (or collectible card) is a small card which is intended for trading and collecting. ...

• Bad Twin ISBN 1-4013-0276-9 is a canon tie-in novel for the TV series Lost

Gary Troup is a fictional character and fictional author that is part of the narrative of the television series Lost and the related Lost Experience. ... LOST redirects here. ...

False documents in politics

A forged document, the Zinoviev Letter brought about the downfall of the first Labour Government in Britain. It was likely forged by SIS, the secret service now known as MI6. Conspiracies within secret intelligence services have occurred more recently, and led Harold Wilson in the 1960s to put in place rules to prevent phone tapping of members of parliament for example. The Zinoviev Letter is thought to have been instrumental in the Conservative Partys victory in the United Kingdom general election, 1924, which ended the countrys first Labour government. ... The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ... Sis may refer to: An abbreviation of sister. ... The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence Section 6), or the Secret Service, is the United Kingdom external security agency. ... For other persons named Harold Wilson, see Harold Wilson (disambiguation). ... Telephone tapping or Wire tapping/ Wiretapping (in US) describes the monitoring of telephone conversations by a third party, often by covert means. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ...

Hoaxes

Main article: Hoax

A number of hoaxes have involved false documents: A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...

• "Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity" by Alan Sokal, (Spring/Summer 1996 issue of Social Text). See Sokal Affair
• "The endochronic properties of resublimated thiotimoline", Isaac Asimov.
• Salamander Letter
• Journal of Irreproducible Results
• The Report From Iron Mountain
• The Oera Linda book
• The Hitler Diaries
• The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - although information about the original manuscript(s) is unreliable, highly controversial, and its whereabouts and existences unknown
• Les Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau

The Sokal affair was a hoax by physicist Alan Sokal perpetrated on the editorial staff and readership of the postmodern cultural studies journal Social Text (published by Duke University). ... Thiotimoline is a fictitious chemical compound conceived by science fiction author Isaac Asimov and described in a spoof scientific paper entitled The Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline in 1948. ... The Salamander Letter was one of hundreds of documents concerning the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church; see also Mormon) that surfaced in the early 1980s. ... The Journal of Irreproducible Results is a magazine of science humor, published in San Mateo, California as of 2004. ... The Report From Iron Mountain was a hoax written by Leonard C. Lewin in 1967 and published by the Dial Press. ... The Oera Linda Book is a controversial Frisian historical, mythological, and religious text that first came to light in the 19th century. ... Hitlers Diaries Discovered (Stern) In April 1983, the German news magazine Stern published extracts from what purported to be the diaries of Adolf Hitler, known as the Hitler Diaries, which were subsequently exposed as forgeries. ... 1992 Russian edition of the Protocols, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet. ... The Dossiers Secrets dHenri Lobineau (Secret Files in English) is a 27 paged document that was deposited in the Bibliothèque nationale de France on 27 April 1967. ...

False documents as a field of study

False documents were recently the topic of a graduate level seminar in the humanities at the University of Michigan. The seminar was taught by Professor Eileen Pollack. While the form has existed for at least two hundred years, focused study is fairly recent. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan. ... Eileen Pollack is a novelist, essayist, and author of short fictions. ...

See also

• Alternate reality game
• A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century, an anti-Semitic forgery
• Conspiracy theory
• Donation of Constantine
• Epistolary novel
• Falsification
• Fictional book
• Fictional guidebook
• Forgery
• Frame tale
• Literary forgery
• Literary technique
• Fictitious entry
• Questioned document examination
• Urban legend
• Voynich manuscript
• Mockumentary

Alternate Reality, see Alternate Reality (computer game). ... A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century (occasionally A Radical Program for the Twentieth Century) is an anti-Semitic forgery whose existence was alleged by Eustace Mullins in It is often cited as proof of a Jewish and/or Communist plot against white Americans, in much the same way as... For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation). ... A 13th C. fresco of Sylvester and Constantine, showing the purported Donation. ... Titlepage of Aphra Behns Love-Letters (1684) An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. ... Falsification may mean: The act of disproving a proposition, hypothesis, or theory. ... A fictional book is a non-existent book (or one created specifically for a work of fiction) that sometimes provides the basis of the plot of a story, or a common thread in a series of books or the works of a particular writer or canon of work. ... Some fictional universes feature useful guidebooks which assist the hero and friends through difficult situations. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... A frame story (also frame tale, frame narrative, etc) is a narrative technique whereby a main story is composed, at least in part, for the purpose of organizing a set of shorter stories, each of which is a story within a story. ... Literary forgery, also Literary forgeries and mystifications, purtains to some writing, especially in literature, such as a manuscript, presented as an original, when in fact it is a fake. ... A literary technique or literary device may be used in works of literature in order to produce a specific effect on the reader. ... Fictitious entries, also known as fake entries and Mountweazels, are deliberately wrong entries and articles in dictionaries, encyclopedias, maps and directories. ... Questioned document examination (QDE) is known by many names including forensic document examination, document examination, diplomatics, handwriting examination, and sometimes handwriting analysis, although the latter name is not often used as it may be confused with graphology. ... For other uses, see Urban legend (disambiguation). ... The Voynich manuscript is written in an unknown script. ... Mockumentary (also known as a pseudo-documentary)[1], a portmanteau of mock and documentary, is a film and TV genre, or a single work of the genre. ...

References

Curtis Peebles (1994). Watch the Skies: A Chronicle of the Flying Saucer Myth, Smithsonian Institution, ISBN 1-56098-343-4 Curtis Peebles is an aerospace historian for the Smithsonian Institution and the author of several books. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...

External links

• False Document Article in the AWP Magazine