The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello
36th President of Brazil
In office March 15, 1990 – October 2, 1992
Vice President(s)	Itamar Franco
Preceded by	José Sarney
Succeeded by	Itamar Franco
Born	August 12, 1949 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
Political party	National Reconstruction Party (Partido da Reconstrução Nacional)

Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello, pron. IPA: [fɨɾ'nɐ͂dʊ ɐ'fõsʊ 'kɔloɾ dɨ 'mɛlʊ], (born August 12, 1949) was president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992. He was elected a Senator of the republic in the 2006 general elections and will begin his term in February 2007. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (526x790, 79 KB) Fernando Collor de Mello, 36th president of Brazil. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The first president of Brazil was Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the republic in a military coup detât against the Emperor Dom Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two dictatorships and three democratic periods. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (born June 28, 1930) is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from October 2, 1992 to January 1, 1995. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (born June 28, 1930) is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from October 2, 1992 to January 1, 1995. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area    - City 1,260 km² Population (2005)  - City 5,613,000 [1]  - Density 4,781/km²  - Metro 11,620,000 [2] Time zone UTC-3 (UTC-3) Website: www. ... Flag of Rio de Janeiro See other Brazilian States Capital Rio de Janeiro Largest City Rio de Janeiro Area 43,696. ... The PRN or National Reconstruction Party (Partido da Reconstrução Nacional) was a social liberal (center-right) political party in Brazil (or economic liberal or neoliberal or conservative for its critics). ... Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Since 1994, as a result of a constitutional amendment which reduced the presidential term to four years, all federal and state elections in Brazil have coincided. ...

The son of Arnon Afonso de Farias Melo and Leda Collor de Mello, Collor was born in a political family, led by his father, a journalist and former governor of Alagoas. He became the president of Brazilian football club CSA in 1976. Backed by his good looks and popularity, he entered politics, successively mayor of Alagoas' capital Maceió in 1979 (ARENA), a federal deputy (PDS) in 1982, and eventually governor of the state of Alagoas (PMDB) in 1986. Flag of Alagoas See other Brazilian States Capital Maceió Largest City Maceió Area 27 818 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2 822 621 101. ... Centro Sportivo Alagoano, or CSA (sometimes called Alagoano by non-Brazilians), as they are usually called, is a Brazilian football team from Maceió in Alagoas, founded on September 7, 1913. ... Maceio, Brazil. ... ARENA may refer to either: Nationalist Republican Alliance, a political party in El Salvador. ... PDS can refer to: Public Distribution System Professional Development System Party of Democratic Socialism in India The Left Party in Germany (formerly called Party of Democratic Socialism) Democratic Party of the Left (Italian: Partito Democratico della Sinistra), an Italian party now developed into the Democrats of the Left Processor Direct... The Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (Portuguese: Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, PMDB) is a centrist, more or less liberal, party in Brazil. ...

In 1989 Collor defeated Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in a two round presidential race. He won in the state of Sao Paulo against many prominent political figures. The first democratically elected President of Brazil in 29 years, Collor spent the early years of his government allegedly battling inflation, which at times reached rates of 25% per month. 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The first president of Brazil was Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the republic in a military coup detât against the Emperor Dom Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two dictatorships and three democratic periods. ...

Shortly after taking office, Collor launched the "Collor Plan", which attempted to reduce the money supply by forcibly converting large portions of consumer bank accounts into unspendable government bonds, while at the same time increasing the printing of money bills, a contradictory measure to combat inflation. All accounts over 1200 Cruzeiros were frozen for 18 months. He also proposed freezes in wages and prices, as well as major cuts in government spending. The measures were received unenthusiastically by the people, though many felt that radical measures were necessary to reduce the constant inflation. Within a few months, however, inflation resumed, eventually reaching rates of 25% per month. Cruizeiro can refer to: Older Brazilian currency. ...

This strategy, many economists say, was in fact a cover-up for lowering the high public debt bill. The "confiscated" money had negative real interest rates while in the government's hands and this negative difference was indirectly used to significantly lower the Brazilian sovereign debt. Those economists state that lowering the high inflation was never the real first objective of the plan.

A feature of Collor's administration was the privatization of a number of government-owned enterprises such as Acesita. His government also had a tremendous commercial impact, once both taxes and red tape on imports were all lifted, allegedly to make the national industry more competitive and provide the population with cheaper and better quality products. While the results of this were controversial, it is safe to say this was a severe blow to the outdated and uncompetitive Brazilian industries, such as the automotive industry. Privatization (alternately denationalization or disinvestment) is the transfer of property or responsibility from the public sector (government) to the private sector (business). ... Acesita S.A. is a major Brazilian manufacturer of specialty steels headquartered in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. ... Red tape is a derisive term for regulations that are considered excessive or for bureaucratic procedures that are considered time- and effort-consuming. ...

In 1992, Collor was accused by his brother Pedro of corruption, leading to investigations by both Congress and the press. Many accusations focused on the role of Collor's campaign manager, Paulo Cesar Farias, who accumulated substantial wealth as Collor's political star rose. In October, the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies voted to allow impeachment charges against him. Thus, he was automatically suspended from office for 120 days per the terms of Brazil's Constitution. Collor's impeachment was tried before the Brazilian Senate, presided over by the country's chief justice, and on December 29, 1992 he was found guilty, thus losing his right hold political office for 8 years, according to the Constitution. 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Paulo Cesar Farias (September 20, 1945 - June 23, 1996) was the political campaign treasurer of Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello and a central figure in the corruption scandal that resulted in Collors removal from presidential office. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ... December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

Collor had resigned the office of the presidency on the day in which the plenary session of the Senate was to deliver its verdict. His instrument of renunciation was delivered to the President of Congress by his lawyer. The trial of impeachment was then adjourned so that Congress could be formally acquainted of the resignation (which is a requirement for it to take effect under Brazilian law). Subsequently, the vice-president, who was already acting as President due to Collor's suspension from office, was sworn in. In the same afternoon, the Senate again met as a Court of impeachment and decided that the resignation of the president after the commencement of the trial could not interrupt its proceedings due to the fact that the consequence of a guilty veredict is not only the loss of the presidential office but also the prohibition from holding any elected office for eight years. Late on the night of December 29th, the Senate's guilty verdict, passed by more than the required two-thirds of the votes, was announced and the sentence was signed by the Chief Justice and the senators.

Collor would later attempt to invalidate the sentence of the Senate by arguing before the Nation's Supreme Court that the Senate had no right to continue the trial after his resignation, but the Supreme Court heard the matter and decided on the merits of the case that the actions of the Senate were correct, thus rejecting Collor's appeal.

In spite of the fact of all the criminal charges brought against him after the termination of his trial of impeachment were all dismissed due to technical failures of the investigating bodies (Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine, etc), most of Brazil's population still strongly identifies his name with corruption. Fruit of the poisonous tree is a legal term in the United States used to describe evidence gathered with the aid of information obtained illegally. ...

He was succeeded by his vice president, Itamar Franco. Itamar's Economy minister, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, was later elected President in 1994 and reelected to another term in 1998. Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (born June 28, 1930) is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from October 2, 1992 to January 1, 1995. ... Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born June 18, 1931) was the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to January 1, 2003. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

Collor campaigned for the Senator of Alagoas

In 2002, after his ban from politics had expired, Collor ran for governor in his home state, Alagoas, but he lost an election for the first time in his life. On October 1, 2006 he was elected Senator for the State of Alagoas, marking his return to political office 14 years after his impeachment. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1840x2598, 473 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Fernando Collor de Mello Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1840x2598, 473 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Fernando Collor de Mello Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Flag of Alagoas See other Brazilian States Capital Maceió Largest City Maceió Area 27 818 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2 822 621 101. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• http://www.fee.org/publications/the-freeman/article.asp?aid=3144
• Guia dos Curiosos- CSA reference

A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Maceio, Brazil. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... A governor or governour (archaic) is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the Head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered... Flag of Alagoas See other Brazilian States Capital Maceió Largest City Maceió Area 27 818 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2 822 621 101. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The first president of Brazil was Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the republic in a military coup detât against the Emperor Dom Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two dictatorships and three democratic periods. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (born June 28, 1930) is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from October 2, 1992 to January 1, 1995. ... Heloísa Helena in 2001 Heloísa Helena Lima de Moraes Carvalho (born June 6, 1963 in Pão de Açúcar) is a left-wing politician in Brazil. ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... Flag of Alagoas See other Brazilian States Capital Maceió Largest City Maceió Area 27 818 km² Population   - Total   - Density 2 822 621 101. ... 2007 (MMVII) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• List of Presidents of Brazil
• History of Brazil (1964-present)

President of Brazil
List of presidents of Brazil

Deodoro da Fonseca | Floriano Peixoto | Prudente de Morais | Campos Sales | Rodrigues Alves | Afonso Pena | Nilo Peçanha | Hermes da Fonseca | Venceslau Brás | Delfim Moreira | Epitácio Pessoa | Artur Bernardes | Washington Luís | Júlio Prestes | Mena Barreto | Isaías de Noronha | Augusto Fragoso | Getúlio Vargas | José Linhares | Gaspar Dutra | Café Filho | Carlos Luz | Nereu Ramos | Juscelino Kubitschek | Jânio Quadros | Ranieri Mazzilli | João Goulart | Castelo Branco | Costa e Silva | Aurélio de Lira Tavares | Augusto Rademaker | Márcio Melo | Emílio Garrastazu Médici | Ernesto Geisel | João Figueiredo | Tancredo Neves | José Sarney | Fernando Collor de Mello | Itamar Franco | Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva See also: List of Brazilian monarchs This is a list of Presidents of Brazil. ... After the military coup, Brazil went into a troubled process of redemocratization. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The first president of Brazil was Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the republic in a military coup detât against the Emperor Dom Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two dictatorships and three democratic periods. ... See also: List of Brazilian monarchs This is a list of Presidents of Brazil. ... Deodoro da Fonseca (Manuel) Deodoro da Fonseca (August 5, 1827 - August 23, 1892) overthrew Emperor Pedro II to become the first president of a Republic of Brazil. ... Floriano Vieira Peixoto (1839–1895) was Brazilian soldier and politician, born in Ipioca (nowadays a district in the city of Maceió), in the State of Alagoas and veteran of the War of the Triple Alliance, second President of Brazil. ... Prudente José de Morais e Barros (October 4, 1841 - December 3, 1912) was the third president of Brazil (the first civilian). ... Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales (February 15, 1841 - June 28, 1913) was a Brazilian lawyer, coffee farmer and politician; provincial deputy three times, general-deputy once, minister of justice, senator and governor of São Paulo (1894-1897). ... Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves (July 7, 1848 - January 16, 1919) was a Brazilian politician. ... Categories: Brazil-related stubs | People stubs ... Nilo Procópio Peçanha (October 2, 1867 - March 31, 1924). ... Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca (May 12, 1855 - September 9, 1923) was a Brazilian soldier and politician. ... Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes (February 26, 1868 - May 15, 1966) was a Brazilian politician. ... Categories: Brazil-related stubs | Presidents of Brazil | People stubs ... Epitácio da Silva Pessoa (May 23, 1865 - February 13, 1942) was a Brazilian politician. ... Artur da Silva Bernardes (August 8, 1875 - March 23, 1955). ... Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (October 26, 1869 - August 4, 1957) was a Brazilian politician. ... Júlio Prestes (March 15, 1882 – February 9, 1946) was a Brazilian politician. ... General João de Deus Mena Barreto (Porto Alegre, July 30, 1874 - Rio de Janeiro, March 25, 1933) was one of the leaders of the junta that governed Brazil during the time Washington Luís was deposed. ... Admiral José Isaías de Noronha, (Rio de Janeiro, July 6, 1874 - Jacarepaguá, January 29, 1963). ... Augusto Tasso Fragoso (August 28, 1869 - September 20, 1945) was the head of the government of Brazil in 1930, between the overthrow of President Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa and the oath of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas. ... Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (pron. ... José Linhares (January 28, 1886 - January 26, 1957). ... Eurico Gaspar Dutra, (1883-1974), was a Brazilian general, politician and president of Brazil from 1946-1951. ... João Café Filho (February 3, 1899 - February 20, 1970). ... Carlos Coimbra da Luz (August 4, 1894 _ February 9, 1961). ... This article or section should be merged with Nereu de Oliveira Ramos Nereu de Oliveira (or Ramos) (1889 - 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. ... Juscelino Kubitschek and his wife Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (JK) (September 12, 1902-August 22, 1976) was a prominent Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. ... Jânio da Silva Quadros (January 25, 1917—February 16, 1992) was a Brazilian politician who was briefly President of Brazil in 1961. ... Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli (April 27, 1910–April 21, 1975) was a Brazilian politician. ... João Belchior Marques Goulart (March 1, 1918—December 6, 1976) was the last left-wing president of Brazil (1961–March 31, 1964) The surname Goulart is of Azorean-Flemish origin. ... Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (September 20, 1900 - July 18, 1967). ... ... Aurélio de Lira Tavares (November 7, 1905 - November 18, 1998) was a general with the Brazilian army. ... Augusto Hamann Rademaker Grünewald (May 11, 1905 - 1985) was an admiral with the Brazilian navy. ... Márcio de Sousa e Melo (May 26, 1906 - January 31, 1991 was a general with the Brazilian air force. ... Emílio Garrastazú Médici (December 4, 1905–October 9, 1985) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. ... Ernesto Beckmann Geisel, pron. ... João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (January 15, 1918–December 24, 1999) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. ... Tancredo de Almeida Neves (March 4th, 1910 - April 21, 1985) was a Brazilian banker and political figure. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (born June 28, 1930) is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from October 2, 1992 to January 1, 1995. ... Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born June 18, 1931) was the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to January 1, 2003. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...