A player throwing a flying disc; Mackinaw City, Michigan.

Flying discs (commonly called Frisbees) are disc-shaped objects, which are generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8–10 inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross-section, allows it to fly by generating lift as it moves through the air while rotating. The name Frisbee is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company, but is often used generically to describe all flying discs. The original Huss Frisbee, owned by German showman Rudolf Robrahn Sledgehammer, a Giant Frisbee at Bobbejaanland The Frisbee is an pendulum-motion amusement ride designed by HUSS Maschinenfabrik. ... Mackinaw City is a village in Emmet County, with a small portion lying within Cheboygan County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... For other uses, see Plastic (disambiguation). ... DIAMETER is a computer networking protocol for AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting). ... For the kite, see foil kite. ... For other uses, see Flight (disambiguation). ... The lift force, or simply lift, is a mechanical force, generated by a solid object as it moves through a fluid, directed perpendicular to the flow direction. ... “(TM)” redirects here. ... Wham-O Inc. ... A genericized trademark, generic trade mark, generic descriptor, or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name which has become the colloquial or generic description for a particular class of product or service. ...

Flying discs are thrown and caught for recreation, and as part of many different flying disc games. A wide range of flying disc variants are available commercially. Disc golf discs are usually smaller but denser and are tailored for particular flight profiles to increase/decrease stability and distance. Disc dog sports use relatively slow flying discs made of more pliable material to better resist a dog's bite and prevent injury. Ring shaped discs are also available which typically fly significantly farther than any traditional flying disc. There are illuminated discs meant for night time play which use phosphorescent plastic, or battery powered light emitting diodes. There are also discs that whistle when they reach a certain velocity in flight. “Fun” redirects here. ... Flying disc games are games played with flying discs (sometimes called by the trademarked name Frisbees). ... A player putting at Cass Benton Disc Golf Course; Northville, Michigan. ... Logo for the Quadruped, a disc dog organization Disc dog is the more generic name for what is commonly called Frisbee dog. ... In common use, phosphorescence also refers to the emission of light by bioluminescent plankton, and some other forms of chemoluminescence. ... LED redirects here. ...

History

The earliest known disc object to be thrown around was the chakram, which was used as a weapon in ancient India. In more recent times, flying discs were used for recreational purposes. The clay target used in trapshooting, almost identical to a flying disc in shape, was designed in the 19th century. The modern day era of flying discs began with the concept of designing and selling a commercially-produced flying disc. Sikhs with chakrams, inscribed Nihang Abchal Nagar (Nihangs from Hazur Sahib), 1844 The chakram is a throwing weapon that was used by the ancient Indians; it is a flat metal ring with a sharp outer edge from 5 to 12 inches in diameter. ... The History of India begins with the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent from 3300 to 1700 BCE. This Bronze Age civilization was followed by the Iron Age Vedic period, which witnessed the rise of major kingdoms known as the Mahajanapadas. ... Clay pigeons in an automatic thrower. ... Trap is a clay pigeon shooting sport, one of the ISSF shooting events. ...

The Frisbie Pie Company (1871–1958) of Bridgeport, Connecticut, made pies that were sold to many New England colleges. Hungry college students soon discovered that the empty pie tins could be tossed and caught, providing endless hours of sport. Many colleges have claimed to be the home of "he who was first to fling." Yale College has argued^{[citation needed]} that in 1820, an undergraduate named Elihu Frisbie grabbed a passing collection tray from the chapel and flung it out into the campus, thereby becoming the true inventor of the Frisbee. That tale is dubious, as the "Frisbie's Pies" origin is well-documented. Walter Frederick Morrison claims that it was a popcorn can lid that he tossed with his girlfriend (and later wife) Lu at a 1937 Thanksgiving Day gathering in Los Angeles that inspired his interest in developing a commercially-produced flying disc. In 1946 he sketched out plans for a disc he called the Whirlo-Way, which, co-developed and financed by Warren Franscioni in 1948, became the very first commercially produced plastic flying disc, marketed under the name Pipco Flyin-Saucer. Morrison had just returned to the US after World War II, where he had been a prisoner in the infamous Stalag 13. His partnership with Franscioni, who was also a war veteran, ended in 1950, before their product had achieved any real success. The Frisbie Pie Company (1871-1958) was founded by William Russell Frisbie in Bridgeport, Connecticut. ... Bridgeport redirects here. ... This article is about the baked good, for other uses see Pie (disambiguation). ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stÅ­dÄ“rÄ•, meaning to direct ones zeal at; hence a student is one who directs zeal at a subject. ... This article is about the metallic chemical element. ... For other uses, see Yale (disambiguation). ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... Walter Frederick Morrison is best known as the inventor of the Frisbee. ... For other uses, see Popcorn (disambiguation). ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Thanksgiving (disambiguation). ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Oflag XIII-A, Oflag XIII-B and Oflag XIII-D Nürnberg Langwasser were all German Army prisoner-of-war camps in World War II for officers. ...

In 1955, Morrison produced a new plastic flying disc called the Pluto Platter, to cash in on the growing popularity of UFOs with the American public. The Pluto Platter became the design basis for later flying discs. In 1957, Wham-O began production of more discs (then still marketed as Pluto Platters). The next year, Morrison was awarded US Design Patent 183,626 for his flying disc. UFO can mean: Unidentified flying object United Future Organization, a Japanese-Brazilian electronic jazz band UFO, the rock band that previously featured Michael Schenker UFO, the Gerry Anderson TV series United Farmers of Ontario, a political party that formed the government in Ontario from 1919 to 1923 U.F.O... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Wham-O Inc. ...

Wham-O co-founder, Richard Knerr, in search of a catchy new name to help increase sales, and hearing of the colloquial name "Frisbie", gave the disks the trademarkable brand name "Frisbee" (which is pronounced the same as "Frisbie") on June 17, 1957.^[1] Sales soared for the toy, which was marketed as a new sport. In 1964, the first "professional" model went on sale. Ed Hedrick was the sales manager at Wham-O who patented the company's design for the aerodynamically improved modern Frisbee (US Patent 3,359,678).^[2] “(TM)” redirects here. ... This article is about brands in marketing. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...

Flying disc games

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Flying disc games. (Discuss)

Main article: Flying disc games

Image File history File links Merge-arrow. ... Flying disc games are games played with flying discs (sometimes called by the trademarked name Frisbees). ... Flying disc games are games played with flying discs (sometimes called by the trademarked name Frisbees). ... Logo for the Quadruped, a disc dog organization Disc dog is the more generic name for what is commonly called Frisbee dog. ... A player putting at Cass Benton Disc Golf Course; Northville, Michigan. ... Dodge disc (or dodge Frisbee after the trademarked brand name) is flying disc game, based on dodgeball but using a disc in place of the ball or balls. ... Durango Boot (also called Boot) is a competitive, non-contact sport that makes use of a flying disc (or Frisbee), and is similar to ultimate. ... Flying disc games are games played with flying discs (sometimes called by the trademarked name Frisbees). ... Flutterguts is one of many offshoots of the more popular sport, Ultimate Frisbee. ... Freestyle frisbee athletes at Corallo beach in Ostia Antica (Italy). ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Friskee is a sport played with a Frisbee (flying disc), two gates. ... Participants at play in a goaltimate game. ... Guts frisbee (or Flutterguts) is a frisbee team sport, similar to murderball. ... Hot Box (or simply Box) is a non-contact team sport which is similar to Ultimate, but played on a smaller field and with fewer players. ... Automotive style miniature relay A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. ... Ultimate (sometimes called ultimate Frisbee in reference to the trademarked brand name) is a non-contact competitive team game played with a 175 gram flying disc. ...

Physics

Main article: Physics of flying discs

Lift is generated in primarily the same way as a traditional asymmetric airfoil, that is, by accelerating upper airflow such that a pressure difference gives rise to a lifting force. Small ridges near the leading edge act as turbulators, reducing flow separation by forcing the airflow to become turbulent after it passes over the ridges. A flying disc can fly through the air due to their shape, weight, initial direction of throw and spin and the success of a particular disc is determined by these variables as well as others such as deformation. ... The lift force, or simply lift, is a mechanical force, generated by a solid object as it moves through a fluid, directed perpendicular to the flow direction. ... For the kite, see foil kite. ... Turbulent flow around an obstacle; the flow further away is laminar Laminar and turbulent water flow over the hull of a submarine Turbulence creating a vortex on an airplane wing In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by low-momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and...

The rotating flying disc has a vertical angular momentum vector, stabilizing its attitude gyroscopically. Depending on the cross-sectional shape of the airfoil, the amount of lift generated by the front and back parts of the disc may be unequal. If the disc was not spinning, this would tend to make it pitch. When the disc is spinning, however, such a torque would cause it to precess about the roll axis, causing its trajectory to curve to the left or the right. Most discs are designed to be aerodynamically stable, so that this roll is self-correcting for a fairly broad range of velocities and rates of spin. However, many disc golf discs are intentionally designed to be unstable. Higher rates of spin lead to better stability, and for a given rate of spin, there is generally a range of velocities that are stable. This gyroscope remains upright while spinning due to its angular momentum. ... A gyroscope For other uses, see Gyroscope (disambiguation). ... Flight dynamics is the science of air and space vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. ... Precession redirects here. ... A player putting at Cass Benton Disc Golf Course; Northville, Michigan. ...

Even a slight deformation in a disc, called a "Taco," as extreme cases look like a taco shell, can cause adverse affects when throwing long range. It can be observed by holding the disc horizontally at eye level and looking at the rim while slowly rotating the disc. Traditional tortilla making. ...

In popular culture

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• In the animated motion picture The Secret of NIMH, based on the book Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH, the main character's name was changed in post-production from "Frisby" to "Brisby" to avoid potential trademark infringements.^{[citation needed]}
• In the film Back to the Future Part III, Marty McFly notices that a metal pie dish is stamped "Frisbie's Pies". When Doc Brown is threatened by a gunman just minutes later, he spoils his aim by throwing the dish and hitting the gunman's hand.
• Richard Feynman in his book Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! suggests that watching the wobble of a plate tossed in the Cornell University cafeteria stimulated him to develop mathematics that eventually led to his Nobel prize winning work in quantum electrodynamics [2].
• In the M*A*S*H episode "Who Knew?", Charles Winchester throws a frisbee at the end of the episode from two children passing it to each other. He calls it "mindless recreation." Maxwell Klinger was trying to convince him to invest in taking the idea to the United States. Earlier in the episode Klinger was trying to convince him to invest in the hula hoop.
• The anime character Sailor Moon uses her tiara, changed into a flying disc, as a weapon.
• Disc-like energy weapons are featured in the motion picture Tron.

Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Mrs. ... Mrs. ... For the video game based on this film, see Back to the Future Part III (video game). ... This article is about the physicist. ... Surely Youre Joking, Mr. ... Cornell redirects here. ... Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. ... M*A*S*H is an American television series developed by Larry Gelbart, inspired by the 1968 novel M*A*S*H: A Novel About Three Army Doctors by Richard Hooker (penname for H. Richard Hornberger) and its sequels, but primarily by the 1970 film MASH, and influenced by the... Major Charles Emerson Winchester III is a principal character on the television series, M*A*S*H, played by David Ogden Stiers. ... Maxwell Q. Klinger is a fictional character from the M*A*S*H television series played by American actor Jamie Farr. ... Children playing with hula hoops. ... Sailor Moon ) is a fictional character in the Sailor Moon metaseries and the main protagonist of the franchise, as well as its title character. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Energy weapons are electromagnetic weapons which can be used during combat to kill or incapacitate, to destroy property, or to otherwise render resources non-functional or unavailable. ... Tron is a 1982 science fiction film starring Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn (and his counterpart inside the electronic world, Clu), Bruce Boxleitner as Alan Bradley (and Tron), Cindy Morgan as Lora Baines (and Yori) and Dan Shor as Ram. ...

See also

• Aerobie
• Chakram
• Boomerang
• Fandango (Frisbee)
• Flying disc techniques
• Genericized trademark

An Aerobie Sprint flying ring An Aerobie is a flying ring used in a manner similar to a Frisbee, for recreational catches between two or more individuals. ... Sikhs with chakrams, inscribed Nihang Abchal Nagar (Nihangs from Hazur Sahib), 1844 The chakram is a throwing weapon that was used by the ancient Indians; it is a flat metal ring with a sharp outer edge from 5 to 12 inches in diameter. ... This article is about the wooden implement. ... Fandango (Frisbee) refers to a team sport that evolved from Ultimate Frisbee. ... Flying discs (including Frisbees) can be thrown in many ways. ... A genericized trademark, generic trade mark, generic descriptor, or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name which has become the colloquial or generic description for a particular class of product or service. ...

References

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2007)

Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... “Baton Broadcasting” redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Morrison, Walter Frederic, and Kennedy, Phil; Flat Flip Flies Straight! True Origins of the Frisbee, Wormhole Publishers, Wethersfield, CT (June 2006); ISBN 978-0-9774517-4-6
• Stancil. E. D., and Johnson, M. D.; Frisbee, A Practitioner's Manual and Definitive Treatise, Workman Publishing Company, New York (July, 1975); ISBN 978-0-911104-53-0
• Norton, Gary; The Official Frisbee Handbook, Bantam Books, Toronto/New York/London (July, 1972); no ISBN
• Danna, Mark, and Poynter, Dan; Frisbee Players' Handbook, Parachuting Publications, Santa Barbara, California (1978); ISBN 0915516195
• Tips, Charles, and Roddick, Dan; Frisbee Sports & Games, Celestial Arts, Millbrae, California (March 1979); ISBN 978-0-89087-233-8
• Tips, Charles; Frisbee by the Masters, Celestial Arts, Millbrae, California (March 1977); ISBN 978-0-89087-142-3
• Lorenz, Ralph; Spinning Flight: Dynamics of Frisbees, Boomerangs, Samaras and Skipping Stones, Copernicus, New York (September 2006); ISBN 978-0-387-30779-4

Walter Frederick Morrison is best known as the inventor of the Frisbee. ...

External links

• World Flying Disc Federation – international sports governing body for flying disc games
• Official Frisbee website by Wham-O, manufacturer of Frisbee brand flying discs
• ffindr! the frisbee tournament portal
• Acrobatic Frisbee Show
• Hard Disc Frisbee Forlì A.S.D. (frisbee freestyle and more!)
• Fads by decades: 1870s-80s-90s-1900s-10s-20s-30s-40s-50s-60s-70s-80s-90s-2000s