Liberia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Liberia Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Liberia. ... Politics of Liberia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf Vice-President Joseph Boakai Cabinet Legislature Senate House of Representatives Supreme Court Elections: 2005 Politicians Political Parties Counties Districts UNMIL Foreign relations

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Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries. During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the Liberian Civil War underscored Liberian relations with the Western world, China, and its neighboring countries in Western Africa. Stabilization in the 21st century brought a return to cordial relations with neighboring countries and much of the Western world. Liberia holds diplomatic relations with many western nations, as well as Libya, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China The following is a list of Presidents of Liberia: Joseph Jenkins Roberts 1847-1856 Stephen Allen Benson 1856-1864 Daniel Bashiel Warner 1864-1868 James Spriggs Payne 1868-1870 Edward J. Roye 1870-1871 Joseph Jenkins Roberts 1871-1876 James Spriggs Payne 1876-1878 Anthony W. Gardiner 1878-1883 Alfred... Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born October 29, 1938) is the current President of Liberia. ... The Vice-President of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in the Liberian government. ... Joseph Boakai (born November 30, 1944) is the Vice-President elect of Liberia. ... The Cabinet of Liberia, together with the President and Vice-President, form the executive branch of government in the country. ... The Legislature of Liberia is bicameral, consisting of a Senate (upper house) and House of Representatives (lower house), same as the Congress of the United States. ... The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... The Supreme Court of Liberia is the highest judicial body in Liberia. ... Politics of Liberia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Liberia ... Liberian elections in 2005 mark the end of the transition following Liberias second civil war. ... The following is a list of Liberian politicians, both past and present. ... Political parties in Liberia lists political parties in Liberia. ... There are 15 counties in Liberia, as of 2005. ... Liberias 15 counties are subdivided into districts. ... UNMIL is the acronym for the United Nations Mission in Liberia, a peace-keeping force for Liberia, which was established by Resolution 1509 of the United Nations Security Council in 2003. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the late 1980s and shortly after the year 2000. ... For other people named Charles Taylor, see Charles Taylor (disambiguation). ... Charles Taylor, a leader of the NPFL and later President of Liberia. ... See Occident (movement) for the French political movement. ... West Africa is the region of western Africa generally considered to include these countries: Benin Burkina Faso Cameroon Côte dIvoire (Ivory Coast) Equatorial Guinea Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Chad, Mauritania, and... The 21st century is the present century of the Gregorian calendar. ... See Occident (movement) for the French political movement. ...

Liberian-African Relations

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The Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone.^[1][2][3] Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ... The National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) was a rebel group that initiated and participated in the Liberian Civil War. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a rebel army that fought a failed ten-year insurrection in Sierra Leone, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002. ... Foday Sankoh (October 17, 1937 - July 29, 2003) was a leader of the Sierra Leone rebel faction Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in the 10-year-long Sierra Leonean civil war, which ended in 2002. ...

By 1992, 120,000 people had fled from Sierra Leone to Guinea due to the RUF's practice of targetting civilians. In 2001, Liberian forces along with the RUF began attacking and burning refugee camps and Guinean villages along the border. This led to an inflammatory speech by Guinean president Lansana Conte which blamed the refugees for the border destabilization and alleged that the vast majority of refugees were rebels.^[1] He called for the Guinean population to defend its nation and this subsequently led to a large number of attacks, beatings, rapes, and abductions of refugees by Guinean police and military forces. This was a reversal of Guinea's previously open policy towards refugees and it further escalated the refugee crisis as refugees attempted to cross back through RUF territory.^[2] By 2002, the United Nations estimated that three million people, or one in five people of the Mano River Union countries, were displaced. ^[4][3] 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Lansana Conté (born 1934) has been the President of Guinea since 1984. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... The Mano River Union (MRU) is a society established in 1973 between Liberia and Sierra Leone. ...

Neighboring Guinea and Sierra Leone have accused Liberia of backing rebels who have devastated their countries.^[1]

Relationships between Liberia and the United States

U.S. relations with Liberia date back to 1819 when the US Congress appropriated $100,000 for the establishment of Liberia.^[5]. The United States officially recognized Liberia in 1862 and the two nations shared very close diplomatic, economic, and military ties until the 1990s. During World War II, Liberia joined the Allied Forces and Monrovia was host to important Allied logistics bases. Liberia was also home to Firestone's rubber plantation, which was established shortly after World War One. This plantation was a large arms manufacturer for the Allied Forces during Word War Two. ^[6][7] 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Seal of the U.S. Congress. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the late 1980s and shortly after the year 2000. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis Powers during the Second World War. ... For alternate meanings, see Monrovia (disambiguation). ... Firestone tire The Firestone Tire and Rubber Company was founded by Harvey Firestone in the late 19th century to supply pneumatic tires for wagons, buggies, and other forms of wheeled transportation common in the era. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

Liberian and United States relationships became strained between 1971 and 1980 due to Liberian president William R. Tolbert's establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries.^[8] In 1978, United States president Jimmy Carter made the first official presidential visit to Liberia.^[7] 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... William Richard Tolbert, Jr. ... A map of the Eastern Bloc. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ...

During the 1980s, the United States forged especially close ties with Liberia as part of a Cold War effort to suppress socialist and Marxist movements in Africa.^[6] Samuel Doe's government was seen by American strategists as being especially important to their Cold War policies in Africa and his government took actions to protect American interests in the region. Liberia received between $500 million and $1.3 billion dollars during the 1980s from the United States government through direct and indirect channels.^[9] Furthermore, Liberia was home to a relay station for Voice of America, a large navigation tower, and the CIA's main African base for the majority of this period.^[7] The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... For other uses, please see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... Samuel Kanyon Doe (May 6, 1950/1951 – September 9, 1990) was the president of the west African country of Liberia from 1980 to 1990. ... The Voice of America (VOA) is the official international broadcasting service of the Government of the United States. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

The rise of Charles Taylor's government, the Liberian Civil War, regional instability and human rights abuses interrupted the previously close relations between Liberia and the United States. Although Charles Taylor's election in 1997 was monitored by the Economic Community of West African States and Jimmy Carter, the United States officially held that Taylor was illegitimately elected due to the violent circumstances leading up to his election.^[7][10] During Taylor's presidency, the United States cut direct financial and military aid to the Liberian government, withdrew Peace Corps operations, imposed a travel ban on senior Liberian Government officials, and frequently criticized Charles Taylor's government.^[11][5] Much of the Liberian-American tension from this period stems from the Liberian government's acknowledged support for the Revolutionary United Front, a rebel group in Sierra Leone and surrounding region.^[6] Due to intense pressure from the international community and the United States, Charles Taylor resigned his office on August 11, 2003.^[8] Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when fifteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ... Peace Corps volunteers usually serve for two years. ... The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a rebel army that fought a failed ten-year insurrection in Sierra Leone, starting in 1991 and ending in 2002. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The resignation and exile of Charles Taylor in 2003 brought changes in diplomatic ties between the United States and Liberia. On July 30, 2003, the United States proposed a UN Security Council draft resolution to authorize the deployment of a multi-national stabilization force.^[12][10] Despite stated concerns about prosecution in the International Criminal Court, United States president George W. Bush sent 200 marines to Monrovia's airport to support the peace-keeping effort. The United States also deployed warships along Liberia's coast as part of the stabilization effort.^[13] The United States committed $1.16 billion to Liberia between the years of 2004 and 2006.^[14][5] 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 30 is the 211th day (212th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 154 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A session of the Security Council in progress The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... France Marines is the name of a commune in the département of Val dOise, France. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Relationships between China and Liberia

Relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Liberia have been broken and reestablished several times since February 17, 1977, when diplomatic relations between the PRC and Liberia were first formed.^[15] The PRC broke off relations with Liberia on October 10, 1989 in response to Liberia's recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan).^[16] Taiwan had offered $200 million in aid to Liberia for education and infrastructure in exchange for this recognition. The PRC reestablished relations with Liberia on August 10, 1993 and opened an embassy in Monrovia, making Liberia one of the few nations with established diplomatic ties to both the PRC and POC.^[17] In 1997, Charles Taylor's government proclaimed to recognize "two Chinas" and the PRC subsequently severed diplomatic relations. ^[18] February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: None Anthem(s): National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  - President Chen Shui-bian  - Vice President Annette Lu  - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution   - Declared... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other people named Charles Taylor, see Charles Taylor (disambiguation). ...

Liberia dropped diplomatic relations with the ROC on October 12, 2003 and reestablished ties with the People's Republic of China.^[19] This move was seen largely as a result of the PRC's lobbying in the UN and plans to deploy a peacekeeping force in Liberia. ^[20] October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Diplomatic Agreements

Liberia is a founding member of the United Nations and its specialized agencies and is a member of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), African Development Bank (ADB), Mano River Union (MRU) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Liberia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98). ^[5][21] Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when fifteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... The African Development Bank (AfDB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of promoting economic and social development in Africa. ... The Mano River Union (MRU) is a society established in 1973 between Liberia and Sierra Leone. ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005) The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ... Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Opened for signature June 17, 1998[1] at Rome Entered into force July 1, 2002 Conditions for entry into force 60 ratifications Parties 99[2] The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (or Rome Statute) is the treaty which established the International...

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