Apartheid in South Africa
| | Events and Projects | | Sharpeville Massacre · Soweto uprising
Treason Trial
Rivonia Trial · Church Street bombing
CODESA · St James Church massacre
Download high resolution version (1081x1549, 1030 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...
Pieter Willem Botha (January 12, 1916 – October 31, 2006), commonly known as PW and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for The Big Crocodile), was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
The Deputy President of South Africa is appointed by the President of South Africa. ...
is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...
is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the city in South Africa. ...
Categories: South Africa stubs | Provinces of South Africa | Gauteng Province ...
The National Party (Afrikaans: Nasionale Party) (with its members sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats) was the governing party of South Africa from June 4th 1948 until May 9th 1994, and was disbanded in 2005. ...
The Sharpeville massacre, also known as the Sharpeville shootings, occurred on March 21, 1960, when South African police opened fire on a crowd of black protesters. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Treason Trial was a trial in which 156 people including Nelson Mandela were arrested in a raid and accussed of treason in 1956. ...
The Rivonia Trial was an infamous trial which took place in South Africa between 1963 and 1964, in which ten leaders of the African National Congress were tried for 221 acts of sabotage designed to ferment violent revolution. // Origins It was named after Rivonia, the suburb of Johannesburg where 19...
The Church Street bombing was a 1983 terrorist attack by the African National Congress in Pretoria, South Africa which killed 16 and wounded 130. ...
The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993. ...
The St James Church massacre was a massacre perpetrated at St James Church, Cape Town by the Azanian Peoples Liberation Army (APLA). ...
| | Organizations | | ANC · IFP · AWB · Black Sash · CCB
Conservative Party · ECC · PP · RP
PFP · HNP · MK · PAC · SACP · UDF
Broederbond · National Party · COSATU · SADF For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ...
The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political party in South Africa. ...
The flag of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB, is a political and paramilitary group in South Africa under the leadership of Eugène TerreBlanche. ...
The Black Sash was a non-violent white womens resistance organisation founded in 1955 in South Africa by Jean Sinclair. ...
The Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) was a covert South African apartheid-era hit squad[1]. Inaugurated in 1986, and fully functional by 1988 it was set up to eliminate anti-apartheid activists, destroy ANC facilities, and find means to circumvent the economic sanctions[1] imposed on that country. ...
The Conservative Party of South Africa (Konserwatiewe Party van Suid-Afrika in Afrikaans) was a far-right party formed in 1982 as a breakaway from the ruling National Party. ...
The End Conscription Campaign was an anti-apartheid organisation of conscientious objectors in South Africa. ...
The Progressive Party was a liberal South African party that opposed the ruling National Partys policies of apartheid. ...
The Reform Party was created by a group who left the United Party led by Harry Schwarz on February 11 1975. ...
The Progressive Federal Party (PFP) was a South African political party formed in 1977. ...
The Herstigte Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika (Refounded National Party of South Africa) was formed as a right wing splinter group of the South African National Party. ...
For other uses of Umkhonto, see Umkhonto (disambiguation) Umkhonto we Sizwe (or MK), translated Spear of the Nation, was the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC). ...
PAC symbol This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
SACP symbol South African Communist Party (SACP) is a political party in South Africa. ...
The United Democratic Front (UDF) was one of the most important anti-apartheid organisations of the 1980s. ...
The Afrikanerbond or, formerly, the Afrikaner Broederbond, is an organisation which promotes the interests of the Afrikaners. ...
The National Party (Afrikaans: Nasionale Party) (with its members sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats) was the governing party of South Africa from June 4th 1948 until May 9th 1994, and was disbanded in 2005. ...
The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is a trade union federation in South Africa. ...
The South African Defence Force (SADF) were the South African armed forces from 1957 until 1994. ...
| | People | | P.W Botha · Oupa Gqozo · DF Malan
Nelson Mandela · Desmond Tutu · F.W. de Klerk
Walter Sisulu · Helen Suzman · Harry Schwarz
Andries Treurnicht · HF Verwoerd · Oliver Tambo
BJ Vorster · Kaiser Matanzima · Jimmy Kruger
Steve Biko · Mahatma Gandhi · Trevor Huddleston Pieter Willem Botha (January 12, 1916 – October 31, 2006), commonly known as PW and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for The Big Crocodile), was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. ...
Joshua Oupa Gqozo (10 March 1952 - ) was a former Ciskei military ruler. ...
Daniel François Malan (May 22, 1874 - February 7, 1959) is seen as the champion of South African nationalism. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African cleric and activist who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. ...
Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (May 18, 1912 – May 5, 2003) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and member of the African National Congress (ANC). ...
Helen Suzman was born Helen Gavronsky on 7th November 1917 in Germiston, South Africa as the daughter of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants. ...
Harry H. Schwarz (born Cologne, Germany, May 13, 1924), is a South African politician, diplomat, and jurist. ...
Andries Treurnicht (1921-1993) was the founder and the leader of the Conservative Party in South Africa. ...
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (8 September 1901 - 6 September 1966) was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958 to 1966, when he was assassinated. ...
Oliver Reginald Tambo (27 October 1917 - 24 April 1993) was a South African anti-apartheid politician and a central figure in the African National Congress (ANC). ...
B. J. Vorster Balthazar Johannes Vorster (December 13, 1915 - September 10, 1983), better known as John Vorster, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978, and President from 1978 to 1979. ...
Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima (June 15, 1915 - June 15, 2003) was a former leader of the then-bantustan of Transkei in South Africa; He led Transkei to self-government in 1964 and to an internationally unrecognised indepedence in October, 1976. ...
James Thomas Jimmy Kruger (1917 - 1987) was a South African politician who rose to the position of Minister of Justice and the Police in the cabinet of Prime Minister John Vorster from 1974 to 1979. ...
Stephen Bantu Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977)[1] was a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s. ...
“Gandhi†redirects here. ...
Bronze bust in Bedford. ...
| | Places | | Bantustan · District Six · Robben Island
Sophiatown · South-West Africa
Soweto · Vlakplaas Map of the black homelands in South Africa as of 1986 Map of the black homelands in Namibia as of 1978 Bantustan is a territory designated as a tribal homeland for black South Africans and Namibians during the apartheid era. ...
District Six is the name of a former neighborhood of Cape Town, South Africa, best known for the forced removal of its inhabitants during the 1970s. ...
Robben Island (Afrikaans Robben Eiland) is an island in Table Bay, 12 km off the coast from Cape Town, South Africa and is located at . ...
Sophiatown was a lively, mostly-black suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. ...
South-West Africa is the former name (1884-1990) of Namibia under German (as German South-West Africa, Deutsch Süd-West Afrika) and (from 1915) South African administration when it was conquered from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory...
Johannesburg, including Soweto, from the International Space Station Soweto is an urban area in the City of Johannesburg, in Gauteng, South Africa. ...
Vlakplaas is a farm that served as the headquarters of a counterinsurgency unit working for the apartheid government in South Africa. ...
| | Other aspects | | Apartheid laws · Freedom Charter
Sullivan Principles · Kairos Document
Disinvestment campaign
South African Police The Apartheid Legislation in South Africa was a series of different laws and acts which were to help the apartheid-government to enforce the segregation of different races and cement the power and the dominance by the Whites, of substantially European descent, over the other race groups. ...
The Freedom Charter was adopted at the Congress of the People in Kliptown, South Africa on 26 June 1955 by the African National Congress and its allies. ...
The Sullivan Principles were developed in 1977 by the Rev. ...
The Kairos Document (KD) is a provocative theological statement issued by an anonymous group of theologians mostly based in the black townships of Soweto, South Africa, in 1985. ...
The campaign gained prominence in the mid-1980s on university campuses in the US. The debate headlined the October 1985 issue (above) of Vassar Colleges student newspaper. ...
The South African Police Service is the national police force of South Africa. ...
| | This box: view • talk • edit | Frederik Willem de Klerk (born March 18, 1936) was the last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party (which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997. De Klerk is best known for engineering the end of apartheid, South Africa's racial segregation policy, and supporting the transformation of South Africa into a multi-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens, including the country's black majority, having equal voting and other rights. He shared the Nobel Peace Prize along with Nelson Mandela in 1993 for his role in the ending of apartheid. is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the legal definition of apartheid, see the crime of apartheid. ...
The National Party (Afrikaans: Nasionale Party) (with its members sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats) was the governing party of South Africa from June 4th 1948 until May 9th 1994, and was disbanded in 2005. ...
The New National Party (NNP) was a South African conservative political party formed when the National Party pulled out of the Government of National Unity with the African National Congress and decided to change its name in the process. ...
For the legal definition of apartheid, see the crime of apartheid. ...
Lester B. Pearson after accepting the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
He was one of the Deputy Presidents of South Africa during the presidency of Nelson Mandela until 1996, the latest white person to hold the position. In 1997, he retired from politics. The Deputy President of South Africa is appointed by the President of South Africa. ...
Whites redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Politics (disambiguation). ...
Early career
Born in Johannesburg to parents Jan de Klerk and Corrie Coetzer, brother Jake Grimes of Uganda sup sup De Klerk came from a family environment in which the conservatism of traditional white South African politics was deeply ingrained. His great-grandfather was a Senator, his grandfather stood twice for the white parliament unsuccessfully, and his aunt was married to NP Prime Minister J. G. Strijdom. In 1948, the year when the NP swept to power in whites-only elections on an apartheid platform, F. W. de Klerk's father, Johannes "Jan" de Klerk, became secretary of the NP in the Transvaal province and later rose to the positions of cabinet minister and President of the Senate.[1] His brother Willem is a liberal newspaperman and one of the founders of the Democratic Party. After completing high school in Krugersdorp, De Klerk graduated in 1958 from the Potchefstroom University with BA and LL.B degrees (the latter cum laude). Following graduation, De Klerk practiced law in Vereeniging in the Transvaal. In 1959 he married Marike Willemse, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.[2] This article is about the city in South Africa. ...
Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom (15 July 1893 - 24 August 1958) was Prime Minister of South Africa from 30 November 1954 to 24 August 1958. ...
The Democratic Party (DP) was the name of the South African political party now called the Democratic Alliance (DA). ...
Krugersdorp is a mining city in the West Rand of Gauteng, South Africa. ...
The Potchefstroom campus of the North-West University (nicknamed Pukke) was formerly known as the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education (abbreviated PU for CHE). ...
A B.A. issued from the University of Tennessee. ...
The degree of Bachelor of Laws is the principal academic degree in law in the majority of common law countries other than the United States, where it has been replaced by the Juris Doctor degree. ...
Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an academic degree was earned. ...
Vereeniging is a city in Gauteng province, South Africa, with a population of more than 350,000. ...
Flag of Transvaal For the Russian theme park, see Transvaal Park. ...
De Klerk matriculated from Monument High School in Krugersdorp "F.W.", as he became popularly known, was first elected to the South African Parliament in 1969 as the member for Vereeniging, and entered the cabinet in 1978. De Klerk had been offered a professorship of administrative law at Potchefstroom in 1972 but he declined the post because he was serving in Parliament. In 1978, he was appointed Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and Social Welfare and Pensions by Prime Minister Vorster. Under Prime Minister P.W. Botha, he held a succession of ministerial posts, including Posts and Telecommunications and Sports and Recreation (1978-1979), Mines, Energy and Environmental Planning (1979-80), Mineral and Energy Affairs (1980-82), Internal Affairs (1982-85), and National Education and Planning (1984-89). He became Transvaal provincial National Party leader in 1982. In 1985, he became chairman of the Minister's Council in the House of Assembly. Krugersdorp is a mining city in the West Rand of Gauteng, South Africa. ...
The Parliament of South Africa, has undergone many transformations, as a result of the countrys tumultuous history. ...
Vereeniging is a city in Gauteng province, South Africa, with a population of more than 350,000. ...
Flag of Transvaal For the Russian theme park, see Transvaal Park. ...
Ending apartheid As Minister of National Education, De Klerk was a supporter of segregated universities, and as a leader of the National Party in Transvaal, he was not known to advocate reform. However, after a long political career and with a very conservative reputation, in 1989 he placed himself at the head of verligte ("enlightened") forces within the governing party, with the result that he was elected head of the National Party in February 1989, and finally State President in September 1989 to replace then president P.W. Botha when the latter was forced to step down after a stroke. Pieter Willem Botha (January 12, 1916 – October 31, 2006), commonly known as PW and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for The Big Crocodile), was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. ...
For other uses, see Stroke (disambiguation). ...
In his first speech after assuming the party leadership he called for a non-racist South Africa and for negotiations about the country's future. He lifted the ban on the ANC and released Nelson Mandela. He brought apartheid to an end and opened the way for the drafting of a new constitution for the country based on the principle of one person, one vote. Nevertheless, he was accused by the close friend of Mandela, Anthony Sampson, of complicity in the violence between the ANC, the Inkatha Freedom Party and elements of the security forces. In Mandela: The Authorised Biography Sampson accuses De Klerk of permitting his ministers to build their own criminal empires. For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ...
Anthony Terrell Seward Sampson (August 3, 1926–December 18, 2004) was a British writer and founding member of the SDP. During the 1950s he edited the magazine Drum in Johannesburg, South Africa. ...
For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ...
The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political party in South Africa. ...
His presidency was dominated by the negotiation process, mainly between his NP government and Mandela's ANC, which led to the democratisation of South Africa. The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993. ...
In 1990, De Klerk gave orders to roll back South Africa's nuclear weapons programme; the process of nuclear disarmament was essentially completed in 1991. The existence of the programme was not officially acknowledged before 1993. [3] South Africa developed six or seven gun-type fission nuclear weapons in the 1980s. ...
After the first free elections in 1994, De Klerk became vice-president in the government of national unity under Nelson Mandela, a post he kept until 1996. In 1997 he also gave over the leadership of the National Party and retreated from politics. 1994 General Election results, National Assembly African National Congress (ANC) 12,237,655 62. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
In a 2007 radio interview, jailed policeman Eugene de Kock claimed that De Klerk had hands "soaked in blood" and had ordered political killings and other crimes during the anti-apartheid conflict. This was in response to Mr. De Klerk's recent statements that he had a "clear conscience" regarding his time in office. [4] Eugene de Kock was an assassin for the apartheid government in South Africa. ...
In response to an appeal by Albert Luthuli, the British Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was founded in London on 26 June 1959 at a meeting of South African exiles and their supporters [1]. Julius Nyerere would summarize its purpose: [2]. Originally called the Boycott Movement, it would expand its focus...
Four days before the 1992 Cricket World Cup semi-final in which South Africa were to play England, South African President F.W. de Klerk called a referendum on political reform in South Africa, and the result of the vote seemed vital for South Africa's continuing in the Cricket World Cup. Some even suggested that the team would be withdrawn from the tournament, if the result of the referendum had been negative.[2] The result of 68.7% in favour of political reform, ensured not only the cricket team's continuing participation in the tournament, but also that of other South African sports teams. The Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of mens One-Day International (ODI) cricket. ...
Later life In 1998, De Klerk and his wife of 38 years, Marike de Klerk, were divorced following the discovery of his affair with Elita Georgiades,[5] then the wife of Tony Georgiades, a Greek shipping tycoon who had allegedly given De Klerk and the NP financial support.[6] Soon after his divorce, De Klerk and Georgiades were married and, during their honeymoon, he addressed the Literary and Historical Society in University College Dublin. His divorce and re-marriage scandalised conservative South African opinion, especially among the Calvinist Afrikaners. Then, in 2001, the country was shocked by the violent death of his ex-wife,[7] apparently at the hands of a young security guard during the course of a robbery. See also: 1997 in South Africa, other events of 1998, 1999 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ...
The Literary and Historical Society (L&H) is University College Dublins oldest debating society and the official College Debating Union. ...
University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin - more commonly University College Dublin (UCD) - is Irelands largest university, with over 20,000 students. ...
Afrikaner Calvinism is, according to theory, a unique cultural development that combined the Calvinist religion with the political aspirations of the white Afrikaans speaking people of South Africa. ...
Afrikaners (sometimes known as Boers) are white South Africans, predominantly of Calvinist German, French Huguenot, Friesian and Walloons descent who speak Afrikaans. ...
See also: 2000 in South Africa, other events of 2001, 2002 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ...
In 1999 his autobiography, "The Last Trek-A New Beginning," was published.
In 2004 De Klerk announced that he was quitting the New National Party and seeking a new political home after it was announced that the NNP would merge with the ruling ANC. That same year, while giving an interview to US journalist Richard Stengel, De Klerk was asked whether South Africa had turned out the way he envisioned it back in 1990. To which his response was: "There are a number of imperfections in the new South Africa where I would have hoped that things would be better, but on balance I think we have basically achieved what we set out to achieve. And if I were to draw balance sheets on where South Africa stands now, I would say that the positive outweighs the negative by far. There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe. But the positives — the stability in South Africa, the adherence to well-balanced economic policies, fighting inflation, doing all the right things in order to lay the basis and the foundation for sustained economic growth — are in place."[8]
In 2006 he underwent surgery for a malignant tumour in his colon, discovered after an examination on 3 June. His condition deteriorated sharply, and he underwent a second operation after developing respiratory problems. On 13 June it was announced that he was to undergo a tracheotomy.[9][10][11] He has since recovered and on September 11, 2006 gave a speech at Kent State University's Stark Campus in North Canton, OH.[12] In 2006, he underwent triple coronary artery bypass surgery[13] Completed tracheotomy: 1 - Vocal cords 2 - Thyroid cartilage 3 - Cricoid cartilage 4 - Tracheal cartilages 5 - Balloon cuff A tracheotomy is a procedure performed by paramedics, emergency physicians and surgeons in order to secure an airway. ...
is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the events of May 4, 1970, see Kent State shootings Kent State University (also known as Kent, Kent State or KSU) is one of America’s largest university systems, the third largest university in Ohio after Ohio State University (57,748) and the University of Cincinnati (35,364), and...
In January 2007 De Klerk was a speaker promoting peace and democracy in the world at the "Towards a Global Forum on New Democracies" event in Taipei, Taiwan, along with other dignitaries including Poland's Lech Walesa and Taiwan President Chen Shui-Bian.[14]
De Klerk is currently serving as the chairman of the pro-peace FW de Klerk Foundation. FW de Klerk is an Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society and Honorary Chairman of the Prague Society for International Cooperation. He also sits on the Advisory Board of the Global Leadership Foundation and leads the Global Leadership Forum.[13] The FW de Klerk Foundation is a nonpartisan organization that was established in 2000. ...
The University Philosophical Society (commonly known as The Phil) was founded in 1853, although it claims two predecessor societies. ...
The Global Leadership Foundation (GLF) is an NGO founded in 2004 by former Apartheid era South African leader F.W. de Klerk. ...
The De Klerk Name The name 'De Klerk' (literally meaning "the clerk" in Dutch) is derived from Le Clerc, Le Clercq, and De Clercq and is of French Huguenot origin,[15] as are a great number of other Afrikaans surnames, reflecting the large number of French Huguenot refugees who settled in the Cape beginning in the seventeenth century as refugees escaping religious persecution. From the 16th to the 18th century the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ...
Look up Appendix:Afrikaans and Dutch Swadesh lists in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
See also: Huguenots in South Africa A large number of people in South Africa are descended from Huguenots. ...
References - ^ Johnson, Anthony. "Frederik Willem de Klerk: a conservative revolutionary." UNESCO Courier (Nov 1995): 22(2). Expanded Academic ASAP. Thomson Gale. Brandeis University. 12 Mar. 2007. Thomson Gale Document Number:A17963676
- ^ Abrams, Irwin, Nobelstiftelsen. Peace 1991-1995, 1999. Page 71.
- ^ NTI: Country Overviews: South Africa: Nuclear Chronology
- ^ "Jailed policeman accuses De Klerk", BBC, July 27, 2007.
- ^ "Ex-wife of De Klerk Murdered: S. African Police", People's Daily Online, 2001-12-06. Retrieved on 2006-04-18.
- ^ Crawford-Browne, Terry. "A question of priorities", Peace News Issue 2442. Retrieved on 2006-04-18.
- ^ "Marike killer may face life behind bars", Dispatch Online, 2003-05-14. Retrieved on 2006-04-18.
- ^ "HBO History Makers Series: Frederik Willem de Klerk".
- ^ "FW undergoes tumour surgery", 2006-06-03. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
- ^ "FW de Klerk 'stable'", 2006-06-09. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
- ^ "FW to have tracheotomy", 2006-06-13. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
- ^ "FW de Klerk Foundation Website - Speeches", 2006-09-11. Retrieved on 2006-09-11.
- ^ a b de Klerk, CNN World Africa, 2006-12-21.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China Press Release: H.E Young Sam, Kim, Former President of the Republic of Korea and his delegation arrived in Taiwan
- ^ Lugan, Bernard (1996). Ces Francais Qui Ont Fait L'Afrique Du Sud (The French People Who Made South Africa). Bartillat. ISBN 2-84100-086-9.
Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...
is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 160th day of the year (161st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 160th day of the year (161st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 160th day of the year (161st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links - The FW de Klerk Foundation
- Video of F.W. de Klerk's November 2005 visit to Richmond Hill High School on Google Video
- The Global Panel Foundation
| Ministers of the Nelson Mandela Government | Frederik Willem de Klerk / Thabo Mbeki (Deputy President) • Derek Hanekom (Agriculture and Land Affairs) • Ben Ngubane (Arts and Culture) • Jay Naidoo (Communications) • Sipo Mzimela (1994-1998) / Ben Skosana (1998-1999) (Correctional Services) • Joe Modise (Defence) • Sibusiso Bengu (Education) • Mohammed Valli Moosa (Environmental Affairs and Tourism) • Derek Keys (1994-1996) / Trevor Manuel (1996-1999) (Finance) • Alfred Nzo (Foreign Affairs) • Nkosazana Zuma (Health) • Mangosuthu Buthelezi (Home Affairs) • Joe Slovo (Housing and Welfare) • Ronnie Kasrils (Intelligence Services) • Dullah Omar (Justice and Constitutional Development) • Membathisi Mphumzi Shepherd Mdladlana (Labour) • Patience Sonjica (Minerals and Energy) • Sydney Mufamadi (Provincial and Local Government)• Stella Sigcau (Public Enterprises) • Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi (Public Service and Administration) • Thoko Didiza (Agriculture and Land Affairs) • Charles Nqakula (Safety and Security) • Mosibudi Mangena (Science and Technology) • Zola Skweyiya (Social Development) • Steve Tshwete (Sport and Recreation) • Gert Johannes Gerwel (The Presidency) • Trevor Manuel (1994-1996) / Alec Erwin (1996-1999) (Trade and Industry) • Mac Maharaj (Transport) • Kader Asmal (Water Affairs and Forestry) • Pieter Willem Botha (January 12, 1916 – October 31, 2006), commonly known as PW and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for The Big Crocodile), was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. ...
From 1961 to 1994, South Africas head of state was called the State President or Staatspresident in Afrikaans. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
The President of South Africa, in full, the President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africas Constitution. ...
The Deputy President of South Africa is appointed by the President of South Africa. ...
Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki ,KStJ [2][3] (born June 18, 1942)[2] is the current President of the Republic of South Africa. ...
Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki ,KStJ [2][3] (born June 18, 1942)[2] is the current President of the Republic of South Africa. ...
The President of South Africa, in full, the President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africas Constitution. ...
From 1961 to 1994, South Africas head of state was called the State President or Staatspresident in Afrikaans. ...
Charles Robberts Swart (1894 - 1982) was the last Governor-General of the Union of South Africa and the first State President of the Republic of South Africa. ...
Jozua François Naudé was acting State President of South Africa from 1967 to 1968. ...
Jacobus Johannes (Jim) Fouché (6 June 1898 - 1980) was State President of South Africa from 10 January, 1968 to 10 April, 1975. ...
Nicolaas Johannes Diederichs was State President of South Africa from 1975 to 1978. ...
Marais Viljoen (2 December 1915 - 4 January 2007) was the last non-executive State President of South Africa from June 4, 1979 until September 3, 1984. ...
B. J. Vorster Balthazar Johannes Vorster (December 13, 1915 - September 10, South Africa from 1966 to 1978, and President from 1978 to 1979. ...
Marais Viljoen (2 December 1915 - 4 January 2007) was the last non-executive State President of South Africa from June 4, 1979 until September 3, 1984. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa_1928-1994. ...
Pieter Willem Botha (January 12, 1916 – October 31, 2006), commonly known as PW and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for The Big Crocodile), was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. ...
The President of South Africa, in full, the President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under South Africas Constitution. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki ,KStJ [2][3] (born June 18, 1942)[2] is the current President of the Republic of South Africa. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ...
Ministers, in the South African government, are Members of Parliament who hold a ministerial warrant to perform certain functions of government. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki ,KStJ [2][3] (born June 18, 1942)[2] is the current President of the Republic of South Africa. ...
Johannes Joe Modise (May 23, 1929 - November 26, 2001) was a South African political figure. ...
Sibusiso Bengu (8 May 1934) is a South African politician. ...
Mohammed Valli Moosa took office as the Environment and Tourism Minister of South Africa in 1999. ...
Trevor Manuel Trevor Manuel (born January 31, 1956), is currently South Africas Minister of Finance. ...
Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo (1925-2000) was a South African black political figure. ...
Chief Mangosuthu (Gatsha)Ashpenaz Nathan Buthelezi (born August 27, 1928) is a South African Zulu leader, and leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) which he formed in 1975. ...
Joe Slovo Joe Slovo (May 23, 1926 – January 6, 1995) was a South African Communist politician and long time leader of the South African Communist Party (SACP) and leading member of the African National Congress. ...
Ronald Kasrils (commonly known as Ronnie Kasrils or Red Ronnie) (born November 15, 1938) has been the South African Minister for Intelligence Services since 29 April 2004. ...
Abdullah Mohamed Omar (May 26, 1934 - March 13, 2004), better known as Dullah Omar was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, lawyer, and a minister in the South African cabinet from 1994 till his death. ...
Fholisani Sydney Mufamadi is the former Minister of Safety & Security and present Minister of Provincial and Local Government of South Africa. ...
Stella Sigcau (January 4, 1937 - May 7, 2006) is best known as a Minister in the South African Government. ...
Geraldine Joslyn Fraser-Moleketi (24 August 1960 - ) is a South African politician and has been the countrys Minister for the Public Service and Administration since 17 June 1999. ...
Angela Thoko Didiza (2 June 1965 - ) is the former South African Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs, a position she has held since 17 June 1999. ...
Charles Nqakula Charles Nqakula (born September 13, 1942) has been South Africas Minister of Safety and Security since May 7, 2002. ...
Mosibudi Mangena (1947 - ) is the Minister of Science and Technology in South Africa and President of the Azanian Peoples Organisation (AZAPO). ...
Trevor Manuel Trevor Manuel (born January 31, 1956), is currently South Africas Minister of Finance. ...
Sathyandranath Ragunanan Mac Maharaj (born April 22, 1935 in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) is a South African politician affiliated to the African National Congress, academic and businessman of Indian origin. ...
Kader Asmal (born 8 October 1934) is a South African politician. ...
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| | Home affairs ministers of South Africa | | pre-Apartheid (1910-1948) | Smuts • Fischer • Theron • Watt • Duncan • Malan • Hofmeyr • Stuttaford • Lawrence • Clarkson • Lawrence | | Apartheid-era (1948-1994) | Dönges • Naudé • de Klerk • Le Roux • Muller • Viljoen • Mulder • Schlebusch • Heunis • de Klerk • Botha • Louw • Pienaar • Schutte | | Post-Apartheid (1994-present) | Buthelezi • Mapisa-Nqakula | | Nobel Peace Prize laureates | Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan (1976) · Amnesty International (1977) · Anwar El Sadat / Menachem Begin (1978) · Mother Teresa (1979) · Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (1980) · United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1981) · Alva Myrdal / Alfonso García Robles (1982) · Lech Wałęsa (1983) · Desmond Tutu (1984) · International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (1985) · Elie Wiesel (1986) · Óscar Arias (1987) · UN Peacekeeping (1988) · Tenzin Gyatso (1989) · Mikhail Gorbachev (1990) · Aung San Suu Kyi (1991) · Rigoberta Menchú (1992) · Nelson Mandela / F.W. de Klerk (1993) · Yasser Arafat / Shimon Peres / Yitzhak Rabin (1994) · Pugwash Conferences / Joseph Rotblat (1995) · Carlos Belo / José Ramos-Horta (1996) · International Campaign to Ban Landmines / Jody Williams (1997) · John Hume / David Trimble (1998) · Médecins Sans Frontières (1999) · Kim Dae-jung (2000) Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts, OM, CH, PC, ED, KC, FRS (May 24, 1870 – September 11, 1950) was a prominent South African and British Commonwealth statesman, military leader, and philosopher. ...
Abraham Fischer (1850-1913) was the sole Prime Minister of the Orange River Colony in South Africa. ...
Sir Patrick Duncan (1870-1943) was the sixth Governor-General of the Union of South Africa, holding office from 1937 to 1943. ...
Daniel François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959), more commonly known as D.F. Malan, was a Prime Minister of South Africa. ...
Jan Hofmeyr Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (March 20, 1894 - December 3, 1948). ...
Theophilus Ebenhaezer (Eben) Dönges (1898-1968) was a South African politician who was elected State President of South Africa but died before he could take office. ...
Jozua François Naudé was acting State President of South Africa from 1967 to 1968. ...
Marais Viljoen (2 December 1915 - 4 January 2007) was the last non-executive State President of South Africa from June 4, 1979 until September 3, 1984. ...
Connie Mulder, born Cornelius Petrus Mulder (5th June 1925–1988), was a South African politican and minister. ...
Alwyn Schlebusch (born 1917) was the only holder of the title Vice State President of South Africa from 1 January 1981 to 14 September 1984. ...
Louis Pienaar (born 1926) is a South African lawyer and former diplomat. ...
Chief Mangosuthu (Gatsha)Ashpenaz Nathan Buthelezi (born August 27, 1928) is a South African Zulu leader, and leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) which he formed in 1975. ...
Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula (born 13 November 1956) is the current home affairs minister of South Africa. ...
Jan Hofmeyr Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (March 20, 1894 - December 3, 1948). ...
Connie Mulder, born Cornelius Petrus Mulder (5th June 1925–1988), was a South African politican and minister. ...
Louis Pienaar (born 1926) is a South African lawyer and former diplomat. ...
Sibusiso Bengu (8 May 1934) is a South African politician. ...
Kader Asmal (born 8 October 1934) is a South African politician. ...
Ms Naledi Pandor the South African Minister of Education was appointed to the cabinet following the 2004 South African general elections. ...
Lester B. Pearson after accepting the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ...
Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ...
Mairead Corrigan (born 27 January 1944) was the co-founder, with Betty Williams, of the Community of Peace People, an organization which attempts to encourage a peaceful resolution of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience...
Sadat redirects here. ...
(‎, August 16, 1913 – March 9, 1992) was a Jewish-Polish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ...
Mother Teresa (born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu IPA: ) (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997) was a Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work. ...
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (born November 26, 1931 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize. ...
Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. ...
Alva Reimer Myrdal (January 31, 1902 – February 1, 1986) received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. ...
Alfonso GarcÃa Robles (20 March 1911 – 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Swedens Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. ...
Wałęsa redirects here. ...
Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African cleric and activist who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. ...
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a worldwide grouping of national medical organizations. ...
Elie Wiesel (born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30, 1928)[1] is a Hungarian-French-Jewish novelist, political activist, Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor. ...
Óscar Arias Sánchez (born 13 September 1940, in Heredia, Costa Rica) is the current President of Costa Rica, a position he also held from 1986-1990. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
Tenzin Gyatso (born 6 July 1935) is the fourteenth and current Dalai Lama. ...
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[1] (Russian: , IPA: ; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ...
Aung San Suu Kyi (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ); born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Burma, and a noted prisoner of conscience and advocate of nonviolent resistance. ...
Rigoberta Menchú Tum (b. ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ...
Pugwash encounter and tour held at the National Accelerator Laboratory, now Fermilab, September 12, 1970. ...
Sir Joseph Rotblat, KCMG, CBE, FRS, (4 November 1908 – 31 August 2005) was a Polish-born British-naturalised physicist. ...
Bishop Carlos Belo (left) Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB (born February 3, 1948) is a Roman Catholic bishop who received, together with José Ramos Horta, the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize, for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor. The fifth child of Domingos...
José Manuel Ramos Horta (born December 26, 1949) has been Foreign Minister of East Timor since independence in 2002, having previously been a spokesman for the East Timorese resistance in exile during the years of Indonesian occupation between 1975 and 1999. ...
State Parties to the Ottawa Treaty The International Campaign to Ban Landmines is a coalition of non-governmental organizations whose goal is to abolish the production and use of anti-personnel mines. ...
Jody Williams (born October 9, 1950 in Putney, Vermont) is an American teacher and aid worker who received the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with the campaign she led, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL). ...
John Hume. ...
William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944), is a politician from Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the first First Minister of Northern Ireland. ...
Médecins Sans Frontières logo Médecins Sans Frontières ( ) (English: Doctors Without Borders, its official name in the United States) is a secular humanitarian-aid non-governmental organization best known for its projects in war-torn regions and developing countries facing endemic disease. ...
Kim Dae-jung (born December 3, 1925) is a South Korean politician. ...
| | Complete roster · 1901–1925 · 1926–1950 · 1951–1975 · 1976–2000 · 2001–present | | Time Persons of the Year | Jimmy Carter (1976) · Anwar Sadat (1977) · Deng Xiaoping (1978) · Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) · Ronald Reagan (1980) · Lech Wałęsa (1981) · The Computer (1982) · Ronald Reagan (1983) · Peter Ueberroth (1984) · Deng Xiaoping (1985) · Corazon Aquino (1986) · Mikhail Gorbachev (1987) · The Endangered Earth (1988) · Mikhail Gorbachev (1989) · George H. W. Bush (1990) · Ted Turner (1991) · Bill Clinton (1992) · “The Peacemakers:” Yasser Arafat / F.W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin(1993) · Pope John Paul II (1994) · Newt Gingrich (1995) · David Ho (1996) · Andrew Grove (1997) · Bill Clinton / Kenneth Starr (1998) · Jeffrey P. Bezos (1999) · George W. Bush (2000) For other persons named Jimmy Carter, see Jimmy Carter (disambiguation). ...
Sadat redirects here. ...
Deng Xiaoping (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904 – February 19, 1997) was a prominent Chinese politician and reformer, and the late leader of the Communist Party of China (CCP). ...
Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini (Persian: , RÅ«ullÄh MÅ«sawÄ« KhumaynÄ«) (September 24, 1902[1][2] – June 3, 1989) was a senior Shia Muslim scholar, marja (religious authority), and the political leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. ...
Reagan redirects here. ...
Wałęsa redirects here. ...
A stylised illustration of a modern personal computer A personal computer (PC) is a computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals. ...
Reagan redirects here. ...
Ueberroth (front right) watches President Ronald Reagan throw the first pitch prior to a game. ...
Deng Xiaoping (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904 – February 19, 1997) was a prominent Chinese politician and reformer, and the late leader of the Communist Party of China (CCP). ...
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ...
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[1] (Russian: , IPA: ; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ...
This article is about Earth as a planet. ...
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[1] (Russian: , IPA: ; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ...
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ...
For other persons named Ted Turner, see Ted Turner (disambiguation). ...
William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...
PeaceMaker is a 1997 self-released demo by Sonata Arctica (under the name Tricky Beans). ...
Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ...
For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ...
For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ...
Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan Paweł II) born []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...
Newton Leroy Gingrich, (born June 17, 1943), served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. ...
Dr. David Ho David Da-i Ho (何大一, pinyin: Hé Dà yī) (born November 3, 1952) is a Taiwanese American AIDS researcher famous for pioneering the use of protease inhibitors in treating HIV-infected patients with his team. ...
Dr. Andrew Stephen Grove (born September 2, 1936 in Budapest, Hungary) is an American businessman. ...
William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...
Kenneth Winston Starr Kenneth Winston Starr (born July 21, 1946) is an American lawyer and former judge who was appointed to the Office of the Independent Counsel to investigate the death of the deputy White House counsel Vince Foster and the Whitewater land transactions by President Bill Clinton. ...
Jeffrey Preston Bezos (born January 12, 1964) is the founder, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of Amazon. ...
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...
| | Complete roster · 1927–1950 · 1951–1975 · 1976–2000 · 2001–present | From 1961 to 1994, South Africas head of state was called the State President or Staatspresident in Afrikaans. ...
is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the city in South Africa. ...
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