Gediminas, duke of Lithuania - engraving of XVII ct.

Gediminas (known as Giedymin in Ruthenian; in Belarusian as Hiedymin (Гедымін) and Hiedzimin (Гедзімін); ca 1275 – winter 1341 under Wielon) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania, King of Lithuanians and Ruthenians 1316 – 1341. He was the true founder of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a Baltic-Slavic empire claiming the heritage of ancient Kievan Rus. He has a reputation of inveterate pagan who fiercely resisted all attempts to christianize his country, but the case is far from being that simple. Gediminas, duke of Lithuania - engraving of XVII ct. ... Gediminas, duke of Lithuania - engraving of XVII ct. ... Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and after 1569 in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Events Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Jews over the age of 7 to wear the yellow badge and makes usury illegal Jean de Meun writes the second portion of the... Events Petrarch becomes famous Beginning of the Breton War of Succession over the control of the Duchy of Brittany Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expells her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. ... The title Grand Prince (Latin, Magnus Princeps; German, Großfürst, Finnish Suuriruhtinas, Swedish Storfurste, Lithuanian Didysis kunigaikÅ¡tis, Russian Великий князь Velikii kniaz) ranks in honour below Emperor and Tsar but higher than a sovereign Prince (Fürst) or Royal Prince. ... A monarch (see sovereign) is a type of ruler or head of state. ... Ruthenians is a name that has been applied to different ethnic groups at different times; for an explanation of the reasons for this, see Ruthenia. ... Events Pope John XXII elected to the papacy. ... Events Petrarch becomes famous Beginning of the Breton War of Succession over the control of the Duchy of Brittany Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expells her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and PogoÅ„ in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikÅ¡tystÄ—, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ), Polish: Wielkie KsiÄ™stwo Litewskie) was an... The Slavic peoples are defined by their linguistic attainment of the Slavic languages. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... Paganism (from Latin paganus) and Heathenry are catch-all terms which have come to connote a broad set of spiritual/religious beliefs and practices of a natural religion, as opposed to the Abrahamic religions. ... The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once (a political shift as much as a spontaneous mass shift in individual consciences), also includes the practice of converting pagan cult practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar...

Origin

He was supposed by the earlier chroniclers to have been the ostler of Vytenis, prince of Lithuania, but more probably he was Vytenis' younger brother and the son of Pukuveras Liutauras, another Lithuanian prince. In any case, his purported Rurikid origin was a later fake. According to the latest research, even his grandfather cannot be named with certainty. Gediminas became Grand Duke (Didysis Kunigaikštis) of Lithuania in 1316 at the age of forty and ruled for 25 years. Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vytenis (in Polish: Witenes; 13th century – 1316) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1296 – 1316. ... Grand Duchy of Lithuania Butvydas (Pukuwer 13th century – 1296) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1283 – 1293 (or 1291 – 1296). ... Rurik Dynasty ... The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). ... Events Pope John XXII elected to the papacy. ...

Choice of religion

He inherited a vast domain, comprising Lithuania proper, Samogitia, Red Russia, Polotsk and Minsk; but these possessions were environed by powerful and greedy foes, the most dangerous of them being the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The systematic raiding of Lithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes against the common enemy; but Gediminas aimed at establishing a dynasty which should make Lithuania not merely secure but mighty, and for this purpose he entered into direct diplomatic negotiations with the Holy See. At the end of 1322 he sent letters to Pope John XXII soliciting his protection against the persecution of the knights, informing him of the privileges already granted to the Dominicans and the Franciscans in Lithuania for the preaching of God's Word, and desiring that legates should be sent to receive him also into the bosom of the church. Note: this article is about the ethnographic region of Lithuania. ... Red Ruthenia (Polish: Ruś Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I. History Originally it was related to a certain territory between Western Bug and Wieprz rivers. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. ... Victory Square, the central place of Minsk Minsk or Miensk (Belarusian: ; Russian: ) is the capital and a major city of Belarus with a population of 1. ... Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... Livonian Brothers The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order organized in 1202 by Albert of Buxhoeveden, bishop of Riga (or... Events September 27/September 28 - Battle of Ampfing, often called the last battle of knights, in which Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria Births January 11 - Emperor Komyo of Japan (died 1380) Deaths January 3 - King Philip V of France (born 1293) March 16 - Humphrey de... Pope John XXII, né Jacques dEuse (1249 - December 4, 1334), was elected to the papacy in 1316 and reigned until his death in 1334. ... Franciscans is the common name used to designate a variety of mendicant religious orders of men or women tracing their origin to Francis of Assisi and following the Rule of St. ...

Gediminas memorial in Vilnius

On receiving a favorable reply from the Holy See, Gediminas issued circular letters, dated 25th of January 1325, to the principal Hansa towns, offering a free access into his domains to men of every order and profession from nobles and knights to tillers of the soil. The immigrants were to choose their own settlements and be governed by their own laws. Priests and monks were also invited to come and build churches at Vilnius and Novogrodek. In October 1323 representatives of the archbishop of Riga, the bishop of Dorpat, the king of Denmark, the Dominican and Franciscan orders, and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order assembled at Vilnius, when Gedymin confirmed his promises and undertook to be baptized as soon as the papal legates arrived. A compact was then signed at Vilnius, in the name of the whole Christian World, between Gedymin and the delegates, confirming the promised privileges. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (928x1268, 108 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (928x1268, 108 KB) Please see the file description page for further information. ... Events Muhammed Tughlaq succeeds his father Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi. ... Hansa can refer to Hansa Records - Record label based in Germany. ... Location Ethnographic region DzÅ«kija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 21 General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 The Three Crosses monument in Vilnius. ... Navahradak (Нава́градак in Belarusian; Russian: Novogrudok, Polish: Nowogródek; Lithuanian: Naugardukas) is a Belarusian city with an old history, the first capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Events Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas Lithuania: Vilnius becomes capital August 12 - The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) is signed, regulating the border for the first time Pharos of Alexandira Lighthouse (one of the Seven Wonders of the world) is destroyed by a series of earthquakes... Riga (Latvian: RÄ«ga), the capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of River Daugava, at 56°58′N 24°8′E. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states and serves as a major cultural, educational, political, financial, commercial and industrial center... The Bishopric of Dorpat was a medieval principality 1234-1558 in what are now Tartu, Põlva, Võru and Jõgeva counties in Estonia. ...

But the christianizing of Lithuania was by no means to the liking of the Teutonic Knights, and they used every effort to nullify Gedymin's far-reaching design. This, unfortunately, was too easy to do. Gedymin's chief object was to save Lithuania from destruction at the hands of the Germans. But he was still a pagan reigning over semi-pagan lands; he was equally bound to his pagan kinsmen in Samogitia, to his Orthodox subjects in Belarus, and to his Catholic allies in Masovia. His policy, therefore, was necessarily tentative and ambiguous, and, might very readily be misinterpreted. Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital in Warsaw. ...

Thus his raid upon Dobrzyn, the latest acquisition of the knights on Polish soil, speedily gave them a ready weapon against him. The Prussian bishops, who were devoted to the knights, at a synod at Elbing questioned the authority of Gedymin's letters and denounced him as an enemy of the faith; his Orthodox subjects reproached him with leaning towards the Latin heresy; while the pagan Lithuanians accused him of abandoning the ancient gods. Gediminas disentangled himself from his difficulties by repudiating his former promises; by refusing to receive the papal legates who arrived at Riga in September 1323; and by dismissing the Franciscans from his territories. These apparently retrogressive measures simply amounted to a statesmanlike recognition of the fact that the pagan element was still the strongest force in Lithuania, and could not yet be dispensed with in the coming struggle for nationality. Golub-Dobrzyń is a town in central Poland, located on the both sides of the Drweca river. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... Motto: none Voivodship Warmia-Masuria Municipal government Rada Miejska w Elblągu Mayor Henryk Słonina Area 83,32 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 130. ... Riga (Latvian: RÄ«ga), the capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of River Daugava, at 56°58′N 24°8′E. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states and serves as a major cultural, educational, political, financial, commercial and industrial center... Events Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas Lithuania: Vilnius becomes capital August 12 - The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) is signed, regulating the border for the first time Pharos of Alexandira Lighthouse (one of the Seven Wonders of the world) is destroyed by a series of earthquakes... Franciscans is the common name used to designate a variety of mendicant religious orders of men or women tracing their origin to Francis of Assisi and following the Rule of St. ...

At the same time Gedymin through his ambassadors privately informed the papal legates at Riga that his difficult position compelled him for a time to postpone his steadfast resolve of being baptized, and the legates showed their confidence in him by forbidding the neighboring states to war against Lithuania for the next four years, besides ratifying the treaty made between Gediminas and the archbishop of Riga. Nevertheless in 1325 the Order, disregarding the censures of the church, resumed the war with Gediminas, who had in the meantime improved his position by an alliance with Wladislaus Lokietek, king of Poland, whose son Casimir now married Gedymin's daughter Aldona. Events Muhammed Tughlaq succeeds his father Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi. ... Wladislaus I on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus I the Short or Elbow-high (Polish: WÅ€adyslaw I Łokietek) was King of Poland, duke till 1300 and the Prince of Kraków from 1305 until his coronation on January 20, 1320. ... Casimir the Great Casimir III or the Great (Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), King of Poland , son of Władyslaw I Łokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow High), 1305-1333 and Jadwiga. ... Aldona Ona or Anna was the daughter of duke Gediminas of Lithuania. ...

Incorporation of Slavic lands

Gedymin's castle in Belarus

While on his guard against his northern foes, Gediminas from 1316 to 1340 was aggrandizing himself at the expense of the numerous Slavonic principalities in the south and east, whose incessant conflicts with each other wrought the ruin of them all. Here Gedymin's triumphal progress was irresistible; but the various stages of it are impossible to follow, the sources of its history being few and conflicting, and the date of every salient event exceedingly doubtful. One of his most important territorial accretions, the principality of Halych-Volynia; was obtained by the marriage of his son Lubart with the daughter of the Galician prince; the other, Kiev, apparently by conquest. Image File history File links Recently rebuilt Lithuanian fortress in Lida, Belarus. ... Image File history File links Recently rebuilt Lithuanian fortress in Lida, Belarus. ... Events Pope John XXII elected to the papacy. ... Events Europe has about 74 million inhabitants. ... Halych-Volynia principality was the Ruthenian successor state of Kievan Rus on the territory of Rus menora (Rus propria) including the lands of Red Ruthenia, Black Ruthenia, and the remainder of southwestern Rus. This state also briefly controlled the region of Bessarabia and Moldavia. ... Coat of arms of Galicia Lubart (Lubko, Lubartas, Dymitr; ca 1300 – 1384) was the King of Galicja (independent kingdom 1253 – 1349) 1340 – 1349, Prince of Polock 13?? – 1342, Wlodzimierz, Luck 1340 – 138?, Wolynia 1340 – 1349, 1350 – 1366, 1371 – 1383. ... A monument to St. ...

While exploiting Slavic weakness in the wake of the Mongol invasion, Gediminas wisely avoided war with the Golden Horde, a great regional power at the time, while expanding Lithuania's border towards the Black Sea. He also secured an alliance with the nascent grand duchy of Muscovy by marrying his daughter, Anastasia, to the grand duke Simeon. But he was strong enough to counterpoise the influence of Muscovy in northern Russia, and assisted the republic of Pskov, which acknowledged his overlordship, to break away from Great Novgorod. The Mongol Invasion of Russia was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ... The Golden Horde was a Turkic state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the break up of the Mongol Empire in the 1240s. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Simeon Ivanovich Gordyi (the Proud) (Семён Иванович Гордый in Russian;) (1316 - 1353), Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir, oldest son of Ivan Kalita. ... The Trinity Cathedral (1682-99) is a symbol of Pskovs former might and independence. ... For other cities named Novgorod see Novgorod (disambiguation). ...

Domestic affairs

His internal administration bears all the marks of a wise ruler. He protected the Catholic as well as the Orthodox clergy, encouraging them both to civilize his subjects; he raised the Lithuanian army to the highest state of efficiency then attainable; defended his borders with a chain of strong fortresses; and built numerous towns including Vilnius, the capital (first mentioned ca 1321). At first he moved the capital city to the newly built city of Trakai, but in 1323 re-established a permanent capital in Vilnius, on the site of the capital of King Mindaugas, formerly called Voruta. Location Ethnographic region Dzūkija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 21 General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 The Three Crosses monument in Vilnius. ... The castle in Trakai Trakai (Polish: Troki) is a town and lake resort in Lithuania, a part of Trakai national park territory and an administrative centre of the region. ... Modern portrait of Mindaugas Mindaugas (approximate English transcription [ˈmın. ... Voruta may have been a capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania established in the time of king Mindaugas in the 13th century. ...

Gedymin died in the winter of 1342 of a wound received at the siege of Bayerburg castle. He was married three times, and left seven sons and six daughters. Two of his sons perished in battle. Jaunutis initially ruled Vilnius after the death of his father and was formally Grand Duke of Lithuania until his elder brothers Algirdas and Kęstutis returned from military campaigns in Ruthenia and forced him to abdicate his throne in their favor. Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Pillars of Giedymin Jaunutis (known as Jewnut in Ruthenian; in Polish as Jewnuta and in Belarusian as Jaunut (Яўнут); Iwan; ca 1300 – after 1366) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1341 – 1345 (from his father Gediminass death in 1341 until he was deposed by his elder brothers Algirdas and K... Location Ethnographic region DzÅ«kija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 21 General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights 1387 The Three Crosses monument in Vilnius. ... Columns of Gediminas Algirdas (approximate English transcription [ˈaːl(É™).gır. ... Pillars of Giedymin Castle of Trakai KÄ™stutis (approximate English transcription [kæs. ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ...

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Father

Pukuwer (13th century – 1296), Grand Prince of Lithuania 1291 – 1296

Grand Duchy of Lithuania Butvydas (Pukuwer 13th century – 1296) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1283 – 1293 (or 1291 – 1296). ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ...

Wives

Wida, daughter of Widmund

Olga, daughter of Wsewelod of Salamakenks

Jewna, daughter of Prince Iwan of Polock (? – 1344)

Jewna (? Połock – 1344) was a Ruthenian Grand Princess, daughter of Prince Iwan Polocki, wife of Giedymin. ... The term prince (the female form is princess), from the Latin root princeps, when used for a member of the highest aristocracy, has several fundamentally different meanings - one generic, and several types of titles. ... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ...

Brothers

Witenes (Vytenis; 13th century – 1316), Grand Prince of Lithuania 1296 – 1316

Wojn (? – after 1342), Prince of Polock 1315 – 13??

Fiodor (? - ca 1362), Prince of Kijow

Olgimunt (Borys)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vytenis (in Polish: Witenes; 13th century – 1316) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1296 – 1316. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Events Pope John XXII elected to the papacy. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... Events Pope John XXII elected to the papacy. ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. ... Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 - 1362 - 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 See also: 1362 state leaders Events Under Edward III, English replaces French as Englands national language, for the... Kiev (Київ, Kyiv, in Ukrainian; Киев, Kiev, in Russian) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. ...

Sons

Monwid (ca 1288 – ca 1342), Prince of Kiernow and Slonim

Narymunt (Gleb, Dawid; ca 1295 – 2 February 1348), Prince of Pinsk 13?? – 1348, Polock, Black Ruthenia

Olgierd (Algirdas; ca 1296 – end of May 1377), Grand Prince of Lithuania 1345 – 1377

Witowt (? – 1337), Prince of Troksk

Jewnut (Jaunutis, Iwan; ca 1300 – after 1366), Grand Prince of Lithuania 1341 – 1345, Prince of Izjaslawl 1346 – 1366

Kiejstut (Kestutis; 1297 – 15 August 1382 Krewa), Prince of Trock, Grand Prince of Lithuania 1381 – 1382

Koriat (Michal; ca 1300 – ca 1362), Prince of Nowohorodok 1341 – 1347

Lubart (Lubko, Lubartas, Dymitr; ca 1300 – 1384), Prince of Polock 13?? – 1342, Wlodzimierz, Luck 1340 – 138?, Wolynia 1340 – 1349, 1350 – 1366, 1371 – 1383, King of Galicja (independent kingdom 1253 – 1349) 1340 – 1349

Events February 22 - Nicholas IV becomes Pope. ... Kernave ( Polish Kierniów) is a tourist and archeological resort in southeast Lithuania, and was once the medieval capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Slonim (Belarusian: Сло́нім; Russian: Сло́ним Polish: SÅ‚onim) is a city in Belarus in the Hrodna voblast, located at the junction of the Scara and Isa rivers, 143 km southeast of Hrodna. ... Fortress of Ladoga (Ladozhskaya krepost) Narimantas (Narymunt, Gleb, ca 1277 – 2 February 1348) was the Prince of Pinsk 13?? – 1348, Polock, Novgorod (Ladoga, Korela (Käkisalmi). ... Events Mongol leader Ghazan Khan is converted to Islam, ending a line of Tantric Buddhist leaders. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ... Pinsk (Belarusian: , polish name: PiÅ„sk), a town in Belarus, in the province of Palesse, travesed by the river Prypiać, at the confluence of the Strumen and Pina rivers. ... Events April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. ... Black Ruthenia (or Black Rus, Чорная Русь in Ruthenian language, RuÅ› Czarna in Polish) is the name of the historical independent principality in the southwestern part of contemporary Belarus on the upper reaches of the river Nioman. ... Columns of Gediminas Algirdas (approximate English transcription [ˈaːl(É™).gır. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... This article is about the month of May. ... Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... Events Miracle of the Host Births October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383) Agnès of Valois, daughter of John II of France (died 1349) Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405) Deaths April 14 - Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (born 1287) September 16 - John IV, Duke of... Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... Vytautas the Great - engraving of XVI ct. ... Events March 17 - Edward, the Black Prince is created Duke of Cornwall, becoming the first English Duke Beginning of the Hundred Years War between France and England Bisham Priory founded Scaligeri family loses control of Padua; Alberto della Scala, music patron of the Italian trecento, moves to Verona Births Louis... Pillars of Giedymin Jaunutis (known as Jewnut in Ruthenian; in Polish as Jewnuta and in Belarusian as Jaunut (Яўнут); Iwan; ca 1300 – after 1366) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1341 – 1345 (from his father Gediminass death in 1341 until he was deposed by his elder brothers Algirdas and K... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... Events Births Anne of Bohemia, Queen consort of Richard II of England. ... Events Petrarch becomes famous Beginning of the Breton War of Succession over the control of the Duchy of Brittany Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expells her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. ... Events Miracle of the Host Births October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383) Agnès of Valois, daughter of John II of France (died 1349) Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405) Deaths April 14 - Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (born 1287) September 16 - John IV, Duke of... This article needs to be wikified. ... // Events Serbian Empire was proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the South-Eastern Europe Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg... Events Births Anne of Bohemia, Queen consort of Richard II of England. ... Pillars of Giedymin Castle of Trakai KÄ™stutis (approximate English transcription [kæs. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Emperor Go-Komatsu ascends to the throne of Japan John Wyclifs teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. ... Krewo (or KrÄ—va in Lithuanian) is a town in Belarus, in the border zone of the ethnically Lithuanian and Belarusian lands. ... The castle in Trakai Trakai (Polish Troki) - a town and lake resort in Lithuania, a part of Trakai national park territory and an administrative centre of the region. ... Events June 12 - Peasants Revolt: In England rebels arrive at Blackheath. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Emperor Go-Komatsu ascends to the throne of Japan John Wyclifs teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. ... Koriat (Michal; ca 1300 – ca 1362) was the prince of Nowohorodok, 1341 – 1347. ... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 - 1362 - 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 See also: 1362 state leaders Events Under Edward III, English replaces French as Englands national language, for the... Navahradak (Нава́градак in Belarusian; Polish: Nowogródek; Russian: Novogrudok, Lithuanian: Naugardukas) is a Belarusian city with an old history, the first capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Events Petrarch becomes famous Beginning of the Breton War of Succession over the control of the Duchy of Brittany Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expells her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. ... -1... Coat of arms of Galicia Lubart (Lubko, Lubartas, Dymitr; ca 1300 – 1384) was the King of Galicja (independent kingdom 1253 – 1349) 1340 – 1349, Prince of Polock 13?? – 1342, Wlodzimierz, Luck 1340 – 138?, Wolynia 1340 – 1349, 1350 – 1366, 1371 – 1383. ... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... Events May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis Births Antoine, Duke of Brabant (died 1415) St Frances of Rome (died 1440) Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxiana (died 1411) Deaths January 1 - King Charles II of Navarre (b. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Volodymyr-Volynskyi or Volodymyr-Volynsky (Ukrainian: Володимир-Волинський, Volodymyr-Volynskyi;Russian: Владимир-Волынский, Vladimir-Volinskij; Polish: WÅ‚odzimierz WoÅ‚yÅ„ski, ) is a city in Volyn Oblast, northwestern Ukraine, with a population of 38,000 (2004). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Events Europe has about 74 million inhabitants. ... Volhynia (Wołyń in Polish; Волинь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Volyň in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ... Events Europe has about 74 million inhabitants. ... // Events August 24 - Black Death outbreak in Elbing (modern-day Elblag in Poland) October 20 - Pope Clement VI publishes a papal bull that condemns the Flagellants The bubonic plague is spread to Norway when an English ship with everyone dead on board floats to Bergen Births September 9 - Duke Albert... Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Events Births Anne of Bohemia, Queen consort of Richard II of England. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery founded in Aldersgate, London. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Chokei of Japan Emperor Go-Kameyama ascends to the throne of Japan Births Pope Eugenius IV Deaths March 1 - Amadeus VI of Savoy, Count of Savoy (b. ... The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, or simply Galicia, was the largest, most populous, and northernmost province of Austria from 1772 until 1918, with Lemberg (Lwów, Lviv) as its capital city. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... // Events August 24 - Black Death outbreak in Elbing (modern-day Elblag in Poland) October 20 - Pope Clement VI publishes a papal bull that condemns the Flagellants The bubonic plague is spread to Norway when an English ship with everyone dead on board floats to Bergen Births September 9 - Duke Albert... Events Europe has about 74 million inhabitants. ... // Events August 24 - Black Death outbreak in Elbing (modern-day Elblag in Poland) October 20 - Pope Clement VI publishes a papal bull that condemns the Flagellants The bubonic plague is spread to Norway when an English ship with everyone dead on board floats to Bergen Births September 9 - Duke Albert...

Daughters

Maria (ca 1300 – 1349), Princess of Lithuania

Aldona (Anna; after 1309 – 26 May 1339), Princess of Lithuania, Queen of Poland 1333 – 1339

Damilla (Elzbieta; 14th century – 1364), Princess of Plock

Eufemia (14th century – 5 February 1342), Princess of Halicz and Wlodzimierz-Halicz

Augusta (Anastazja; 14th century – 11 March 1345), Grand Princess of Vladimir-Moscow

Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... // Events August 24 - Black Death outbreak in Elbing (modern-day Elblag in Poland) October 20 - Pope Clement VI publishes a papal bull that condemns the Flagellants The bubonic plague is spread to Norway when an English ship with everyone dead on board floats to Bergen Births September 9 - Duke Albert... Princess is the feminine form of prince (Latin princeps, meaning principal citizen), using the ess ending as in waitress or actress. Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or her daughters, women whose station in life depended on their relationship to a prince and... Aldona Ona or Anna was the daughter of duke Gediminas of Lithuania. ... Events Rhodes falls to forces of the Knights of St. ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Kashmir is conquered by the muslims Births July 23 - King Louis I of Naples (d. ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ... Events End of the Kamakura period and beginning of the Kemmu restoration in Japan. ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Kashmir is conquered by the muslims Births July 23 - King Louis I of Naples (d. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Foundation of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków The Breton War of Succession... Motto: none Voivodship Masovian Municipal government Rada Miasta Płock Mayor Mirosław Milewski Area 88 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 128 210 - 1456/km² Founded City rights - - Latitude Longitude 52°33 N 19°42 E Area code +48 24 Car plates WP Twin towns - Municipal Website Płock (pronounce: [pwɔʦk]) is a... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events May - Pope Clement VI elected John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond Louis becomes king of Sicily and duke of Athens Constantine IV becomes king of Armenia Patriarch of Antioch transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol Louis I becomes king of Hungary Births... Halych (Галич in Ukrainian or Russian [pronounced Halych and Galich]; Halicz in Polish; העליטש [Helitsh or Heylitsh] in Yiddish) is a town in Ukraine. ... Volodymyr-Volynskyi or Volodymyr-Volynsky (Ukrainian: Володимир-Волинський, Volodymyr-Volynskyi;Russian: Владимир-Волынский, Vladimir-Volinskij; Polish: WÅ‚odzimierz WoÅ‚yÅ„ski, ) is a city in Volyn Oblast, northwestern Ukraine, with a population of 38,000 (2004). ... Halych (Галич in Ukrainian or Russian [pronounced Halych and Galich]; Halicz in Polish; העליטש [Helitsh or Heylitsh] in Yiddish) is a town in Ukraine. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... 11 March is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... Events Miracle of the Host Births October 31 - King Fernando I of Portugal (died 1383) Agnès of Valois, daughter of John II of France (died 1349) Eleanor Maltravers, English noblewoman (died 1405) Deaths April 14 - Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (born 1287) September 16 - John IV, Duke of... Vladimir (Влади́мир) is a city in Russia, administrative center of Vladimir Oblast. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: â–¶ (help· info)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ...

See also

• Gediminaiciai
• Columns of Gediminas
• List of Belarusian rulers
• List of Lithuanian rulers

The Gediminaičiai (singular: Gediminaitis) were a dynasty of grand dukes of Lithuania that reigned from the 13th to the 16th century. ... Columns of Gediminas (Lithuanian Gedimino Stulpai, Polish Słupy Giedymina) are one of the earliest symbols of Lithuania, one of its historical coats of arms, mostly used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania initially as a state symbol and later as a part of heraldic signs of leading aristocracy, and in... History of Belarusian states can be traced far to Duchy of Pólacak. ... The following is a List of Lithuanian rulers, or a list of kings, dukes, grand dukes, governors and presidents of Lithuania or administrative units, that encompassed the territory of Lithuania during the periods of occupations. ...

External links

• Pages and Forums on the Lithuanian History