{{Infobox Scientist This guy was gay | name = Georg Simon Ohm | image = Ohm3.gif|250px | image_width = 200px | caption = | birth_date = March 16, 1789(1789-03-16) | birth_place = Erlangen, Germany | death_date = July 6, 1854 (aged 65) | death_place = Munich, Germany | residence = Germany | nationality = German | field = Physics | work_institution = University of Munich | alma_mater = University of Erlangen | doctoral_advisor = Karl Christian von Langsdorf | doctoral_students = | known_for = Ohm's law
Ohm's phase law
Ohm's acoustic law | prizes = Copley Medal (1841) }} is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1789 (MDCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Erlangen around 1915 Erlangen is a German city in Middle Franconia. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... With approximately 48,000 students, the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München or LMU) is one of the largest universities in Germany. ... Erlangen is a German city in Middle Franconia. ... For the acoustic law, see Ohms acoustic law. ... Ohms Phase Law states that the phase of a waveform has no effect on how the ear perceives it[1] The law was proposed by physicist Georg Ohm, who also proposed famous electrical law, which is similarly called Ohms law Scientific laws named after people Ohms acoustic... Ohms acoustic law or simply Ohms law states that a musical sound is perceived by the ear as the sum of a number of pure harmonic tones. ... The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ...

Georg Simon Ohm (March 16, 1789 - July 6, 1854) was a German physicist. is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1789 (MDCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

As a high school teacher, Ohm started his research with the recently invented electrochemical cell, invented by Italian Count Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his own creation, Ohm determined that there is a direct proportionality between the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor and the resultant electric current which flows through it -- which we now know as Ohm's law. A demonstration electrochemical cell setup resembling the Daniell cell. ... This article is about the physicist Alessandro Volta. ... International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ... This box:      Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. ... For the acoustic law, see Ohms acoustic law. ...

Using the results of his experiments, Ohm was able to define the fundamental relationship among voltage, current, and resistance, which represents the true beginning of electrical circuit analysis. International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ... This box:      Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. ... Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree to which an electrical component opposes the passage of current. ... An electrical network or electrical circuit is an interconnection of analog electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, switches and transistors. ...

Biography

===Early years=== he was a homosexual George Simon Ohm was born at Erlangen, Kingdom of Bavaria, to Johann Wolfgang Ohm, a locksmith and Maria Elizabeth Beck, the daughter of a tailor in Erlangen.Also the date he was born is March 16, 1789*.Most of Georg's family died. Poor Georg was left with his sister Elizabeth Barbra,his dad, his mom, and his brother. Although his parents had not been formally educated, Ohm's father was a respected man who had educated himself to a high level and was able to give his sons an excellent education through his own teachings. Some of Ohm's brothers and sisters died in their childhood and only three survived. The survivors, including George Simon, were his younger brother Martin, who later became a well-known mathematician, and his sister Elizabeth Barbara. His mother died when he was ten. George was also a very good cat breeder as a child. That was his main source of personal money Erlangen around 1915 Erlangen is a German city in Middle Franconia. ... Anthem Königsstrophe Kingdom of Bavaria within the German Empire. ... Martin Ohm (1792–1872) was a German mathematician and a younger brother of physicist Georg Ohm. ...

From early childhood, George and Martin were taught by their father who brought them to a high standard in mathematics, physics, chemistry and philosophy. George Simon attended Erlangen Gymnasium from age eleven to fifteen where he received little in the area of scientific training, which sharply contrasted with the inspired instruction that both George and Martin received from their father. This characteristic made the Ohms bear a resemblance to the Bernoulli family, as noted by Karl Christian von Langsdorf, a professor at the University of Erlangen. For other uses, see Father (disambiguation). ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli (February 8, 1700 – March 17, 1782) was a Dutch-born mathematician who spent much of his life in Basel, Switzerland where he died. ... The castle in the center of Erlangen, known to many simply as the Schloss, is home to a large part of the universitys administration Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU), founded in 1742, is Bavarias second largest state university with eleven faculties and 265 chairs. ...

Life in university

In 1805, at age 15, Ohm entered the University of Erlangen. Rather than concentrate on his studies he spent much time dancing, ice skating and playing billiards. Ohm's father, angry that his son was wasting the educational opportunity, sent Ohm to Switzerland where, in September 1806, he took up a post as a mathematics teacher in a school in Gottstadt bei Nydau. The castle in the center of Erlangen, known to many simply as the Schloss, is home to a large part of the universitys administration Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU), founded in 1742, is Bavarias second largest state university with eleven faculties and 265 chairs. ...

Karl Christian von Langsdorf left the University of Erlangen in early 1809 to take up a post in the University of Heidelberg and Ohm would have liked to have gone with him to Heidelberg to restart his mathematical studies. Langsdorf, however, advised Ohm to continue with his studies of mathematics on his own, advising Ohm to read the works of Euler, Laplace and Lacroix. Rather reluctantly Ohm took his advice but he left his teaching post in Gottstadt bei Nydau in March 1809 to become a private tutor in Neuchâtel. For two years he carried out his duties as a tutor while he followed Langsdorf's advice and continued his private study of mathematics. Then in April 1811 he returned to the University of Erlangen. Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Affiliations: LERU Coimbra Group EUA Website: http://www. ... For other uses, see Heidelberg (disambiguation). ... Euler redirects here. ... Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 - March 5, 1827) was a French mathematician and astronomer whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy. ... Sylvestre François de Lacroix (April 28, 1765–May 24, 1843) was a French mathematician. ... Location within Switzerland Neuchâtel 47. ...

Teaching career

His studies had stood him in good stead for his receiving a doctorate from Erlangen on October 25, 1811 and immediately joined the staff as a mathematics lecturer. After three semesters Ohm gave up his university post because of unpromising prospects while he couldn't make both ends meet with the lecturing post. The Bavarian government offered him a post as a teacher of mathematics and physics at a poor quality school in Bamberg and he took up the post there in January 1813. Feeling unhappy with his job, Georg devoted to writing an elementary book on Geometry as a way to prove his true ability. The school was then closed down in February 1816. The Bavarian government sent him to an overcrowded school in Bamberg to help out with the mathematics teaching. is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ... For other uses, see Bamberg (disambiguation). ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Geometry (disambiguation). ... Year 1816 (MDCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

After that, he sent the manuscript to King Wilhelm III of Prussia upon its completion. The King was satisfied with Georg's work and he offered Ohm a position at a Jesuit Gymnasium of Cologne on September 11, 1817. Thanks to the school's reputation for science education, Ohm found himself required to teach physics as well as mathematics. Luckily, the physics lab was well-equipped, so Ohm devoted himself to experimenting on physics. Being the son of a locksmith, Georg had some practical experience with mechanical equipment. Frederick William III (German: , August 3, 1770 – June 7, 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. ... For other uses, see Cologne (disambiguation). ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

He came to the polytechnic school of Nuremberg in 1833, and in 1852 became professor of experimental physics in the university of Munich, where he later died. Nürnberg redirects here. ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ...

The discovery of Ohm's law

Further information: Ohm's Law

What is now known as Ohm's law appeared in the famous book Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically) (1827) in which he gave his complete theory of electricity. The book begins with the mathematical background necessary for an understanding of the rest of the work. While his work greatly influenced the theory and applications of current electricity, it was coldly received at that time. It is interesting that Ohm presents his theory as one of contiguous action, a theory which opposed the concept of action at a distance. Ohm believed that the communication of electricity occurred between "contiguous particles" which is the term Ohm himself uses. The paper is concerned with this idea, and in particular with illustrating the differences in scientific approach between Ohm and that of Fourier and Navier^[1]. A detailed study of the conceptual framework used by Ohm in formulating Ohm's law is given in ^[2]. For the acoustic law, see Ohms acoustic law. ... For the acoustic law, see Ohms acoustic law. ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (March 21, 1768 - May 16, 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist who is best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their application to problems of heat flow. ... Claude-Louis Navier (born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier on February 10, 1785 in Dijon, died August 21, 1836 in Paris) was a French engineer and physicist. ... Look up Framework in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Study and publications

His writings were numerous. The most important was his pamphlet published in Berlin in 1827, with the title Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet. This work, the germ of which had appeared during the two preceding years in the journals of Schweigger and Poggendorff, has exerted an important influence on the development of the theory and applications of electric current. Ohm's name has been incorporated in the terminology of electrical science in Ohm's Law (which he first published in Die galvanische Kette...), the proportionality of current and voltage in a resistor, and adopted as the SI unit of resistance, the ohm (symbol Ω). This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This box:      Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. ... Electrical Engineers design power systems… … and complex electronic circuits. ... For the acoustic law, see Ohms acoustic law. ... This article is about proportionality, the mathematical relation. ... International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ... Resistor symbols (American) Resistor symbols (Europe, IEC) Axial-lead resistors on tape. ... Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree to which an electrical component opposes the passage of current. ... The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electric resistance. ...

Although Ohm's work strongly influenced theory, at first it was received with little enthusiasm. However, his work was eventually recognized by the Royal Society with its award of the Copley Medal in 1841 ^[3]. He became a foreign member of the Royal Society in 1842, and in 1845 he became a full member of the Bavarian Academy. For other uses, see Royal Society (disambiguation). ... The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ...

Works

• Grundlinien zu einer zweckmäßigen Behandlung der Geometrie als höheren Bildungsmittels an vorbereitenden Lehranstalten / entworfen (Guidelines for an appropriate treatment of geometry in higher education at preparatory institutes / notes)

Erlangen : Palm und Enke, 1817. - XXXII, 224 S., II Faltbl. : graph. Darst. (PDF, 11.2 MB)

• Die galvanische Kette : mathematisch bearbeitet (The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically)

Berlin : Riemann, 1827. - 245 S. : graph. Darst. (PDF, 4.7 MB)

• Elemente der analytischen Geometrie im Raume am schiefwinkligen Coordinatensysteme (Elements of analytic geometry concerning the skew coordinate system)

Nürnberg : Schrag, 1849. - XII, 590 S. - (Ohm, Georg S.: Beiträge zur Molecular-Physik ; 1) (PDF, 81 MB)

• Grundzüge der Physik als Compendium zu seinen Vorlesungen (Fundamentals of physics: Compendium of lectures)

Nürnberg : Schrag, 1854. - X, 563 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. Erschienen: Abth. 1 (1853) - 2 (1854) (PDF, 38 MB)

• Bibliography and PDF files of all articles and books by Georg Simon Ohm

References

See also

• Ohm (unit)
• Ohm's Law
• Ohm's acoustic law
• Martin Ohm

The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electric resistance. ... For the acoustic law, see Ohms acoustic law. ... Ohms acoustic law or simply Ohms law states that a musical sound is perceived by the ear as the sum of a number of pure harmonic tones. ... Martin Ohm (1792–1872) was a German mathematician and a younger brother of physicist Georg Ohm. ...

External links

• O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Georg Ohm". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.  

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.