NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gilbert and Sullivan

Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian era partnership of librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900). Together, they wrote fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado are among the best known.^[1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 â€“ May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 â€“ November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Libretto can also refer to a sub-notebook PC manufactured by Toshiba. ... Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 â€“ May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 â€“ November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ... Comic opera, or light opera, denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ...

Gilbert, who wrote the words, created fanciful topsy-turvy worlds for these operas, where each absurdity is taken to its logical conclusion—fairies rub elbows with British lords, flirting is a capital offence, gondoliers ascend to the monarchy, and pirates turn out to be noblemen who have gone wrong.^[2] Sullivan, seven years younger than Gilbert, composed the music, contributing memorable melodies^[3] that could convey both humour and pathos.^[4]

Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and nurtured their collaboration.^[5] He built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint works—which came to be known as the Savoy Operas—and he founded the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which performed and promoted their works for over a century. Richard DOyly Carte Richard DOyly Carte (May 3, 1844 â€“ April 3, 1901) was an English theatrical impresario during the latter half of the nineteenth century. ... Savoy Theatre London, December 2003 The Savoy Theatre, which opened on 10 October 1881, was built by Richard DOyly Carte (1844 - 1901) on the site of the old Savoy Palace in London as a showcase for the works of Gilbert and Sullivan, which became known as the Savoy Operas... The Savoy Operas are a series of operettas written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ... The DOyly Carte Opera Company staged performances of Gilbert and Sullivans Savoy operas in the UK, Europe, America, South Africa and elsewhere from the nineteenth century to the twenty first. ...

The Gilbert and Sullivan operas have enjoyed broad and enduring international success and are still performed frequently throughout the English-speaking world.^[6] The collaboration introduced innovations in content and form that directly influenced the development of musical theatre through the 20th century.^[7] The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. ...

Beginnings

Gilbert before Sullivan

Gilbert was born in London on November 18, 1836. His father William was a naval surgeon who later wrote novels and short stories, some of which included illustrations by his son.^[8] In 1861, the younger Gilbert began to write illustrated stories, poems and articles of his own to supplement his income. Many of these would later be mined as a source of ideas for his plays and operas, particularly his series of illustrated poems called the Bab Ballads.^[9] Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 â€“ May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... William Gilbert (1804-1890) was a British novelist and naval surgeon, author of several popular fantasy stories. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

In the Bab Ballads and his early plays, Gilbert developed a unique "topsy-turvy" style, where the humour was derived by setting up a ridiculous premise and working out its logical consequences, however absurd. Mike Leigh describes the "Gilbertian" style as follows: Image File history File links Gentle_Alice_Brown. ... Image File history File links Gentle_Alice_Brown. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Mike Leigh OBE (born February 20, 1943 in Broughton, Salford, Lancashire) is an award winning English film and theatre director. ...

Gilbert developed his innovative theories on the art of stage direction, following theatrical reformer Tom Robertson.^[8] At the time Gilbert began writing, theatre in Britain was in disrepute.^[10] Gilbert helped to reform and elevate the respectability of the theatre, especially beginning with his six short family-friendly comic operas, or "entertainments," for Thomas German Reed.^[11] Thomas William Robertson (1829 - 71), dramatist, belonged to a family famous for producing actors. ... German Reed Entertainment was founded in 1855 and operated by Thomas German Reed (1817â€“1888) together with his wife, Priscilla Reed nÃ©e Horton (1818â€“1895). ... Thomas German Reed (June 27, 1817â€“March 21, 1888) was an English composer and theatrical manager best known for creating the German Reed Entertainments, a genre of musical plays that made theatre-going respectable at a time when the stage was considered disreputable. ...

At a rehearsal for one of these entertainments, Ages Ago (1869), the composer Frederic Clay introduced Gilbert to his friend, the young composer Arthur Sullivan.^[12] Two years later, Gilbert and Sullivan would write their first work together. Those two intervening continued to shape Gilbert's theatrical style. He continued to write humorous verse, stories and plays, including the comic operas Our Island Home (1870) and A Sensation Novel (1871), and the blank verse comedies The Princess (1870), The Palace of Truth (1870), and Pygmalion and Galatea. Ages Ago is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Frederic Clay that premiered on 22 November 1869. ... Frederic Clay (born August 3, 1838 in Paris; died November 24, 1889 at Great Marlow) was an English musical composer. ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 â€“ November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ... Our Island Home is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Thomas German Reed that premiered on June 20, 1870 at the Gallery of Illustration. ... A Sensation Novel is a comic musical play in three acts (or volumes) written by librettist W. S. Gilbert and composer Thomas German Reed. ... The Princess is a tale by the English author D H Lawrence. ... The Palace of Truth is a three-act blank verse Fairy Comedy by W. S. Gilbert first produced at the Haymarket Theatre in London on November 19, 1870, adapted from Madame de Genliss fairy story, Le Palais de VÃ©rite. ... Pygmalion and Galatea, an Original Mythological Comedy is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts based on the Pygmalion story. ...

Sullivan before Gilbert

Sullivan was born in London on May 13, 1842. His father was a military bandmaster, and by the time Arthur had reached the age of 8, he was proficient with all the instruments in the band. In school he began to compose anthems and songs. In 1856, he received the first Mendelssohn Prize and studied at the Royal Academy of Music and at Leipzig, where he also took up conducting. His graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a suite of incidental music to Shakespeare's The Tempest. Revised and expanded, it was performed at the Crystal Palace in 1862 and was an immediate sensation. He began building a reputation as England's most promising young composer, composing a symphony, a concerto, and several overtures, among them the Overture di Ballo, in 1870.^[13] Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 â€“ November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The 1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park . ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... An anthem is a composition to an English religious text sung in the context of an Anglican service. ... The Royal Academy of Music (RAM) is a constituent college of the University of London, and is one of the worlds leading music institutions. ... Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ... A conductor conducting a band at a ceremony A conductors score and batons Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. ... Prospero and Ariel from a painting by William Hamilton The Tempest incidental music is a set of movements for Shakespeares play composed by Arthur Sullivan in 1861-62. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Prospero and Ariel from a painting by William Hamilton The Tempest is a play written by William Shakespeare. ... The 1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park . ... The Overture di Ballo is a concert overture by Arthur Sullivan. ...

His early major works for the voice included The Masque at Kenilworth (1864); an oratorio, The Prodigal Son (1869); and a dramatic cantata, On Shore and Sea (1871). He composed a ballet, L'Île Enchantée and incidental music for a number of Shakespeare plays. Other early pieces that were praised were his Symphony in E, Concerto for Cello and Orchestra, and Overture in C (In Memoriam) (all three of which premiered in 1866).^[14] These commissions, however, were not sufficient to keep Sullivan afloat. He worked as a church organist and composed numerous hymns, popular songs, and parlour ballads.^[15] Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Masque at Kenilworth Kenilworth, A Masque of the Days of Queen Elizabeth (commonly referred to as The Masque at Kenilworth), is a cantata by Henry Fothergill Chorley and Arthur Sullivan (with some Shakespeare quotations) that premiered at the Birmingham Festival on... An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. ... A cantata (Italian, sung) is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment and generally containing more than one movement. ... The Symphony in E, first performed on March 10, 1866, was the only symphony composed by Arthur Sullivan. ... The Cello Concerto in D major is Arthur Sullivanâ€™s only concerto. ... The Overture in C, In Memoriam, by Arthur Sullivan, premiered on 30 October 1866 at the Norwich Festival, in honour of his father, who died just before composition began. ... A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of praise, adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a god or other religiously significant figure. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Parlour music. ...

Sullivan's first foray into comic opera was Cox and Box (1866), written with librettist F. C. Burnand for an informal gathering of friends. Public performance followed, with W. S. Gilbert (then writing dramatic criticism for Fun) saying that Sullivan's score "is, in many places, of too high a class for the grotesquely absurd plot to which it is wedded."^[16] Sullivan and Burnand followed their success with a second comic opera, The Contrabandista (1867). Cox and Box (video tape cover) Cox and Box is a comic opera with a libretto by by Francis Cowley Burnand and music by Arthur Sullivan, based on the farce Box and Cox, by John Maddison Morton. ... From The History of Punch Sir Francis Cowley Burnand (November 29, 1836 - April 21, 1917) was an editor of Punch, taking over from Tom Taylor in 1880, until 1906, when he was succeeded by Sir Owen Seaman. ... The Contrabandista, or The Law of the Ladrones, is a two-act comic opera by Arthur Sullivan and F. C. Burnand. ...

Operas

First collaborations: Thespis and Trial by Jury

In 1871, producer John Hollingshead brought Gilbert and Sullivan together to produce a Christmas entertainment, Thespis, at his Gaiety Theatre, a large West End house. The piece was an extravaganza in which the classical Greek gods, grown elderly, are temporarily replaced by a troupe of nineteenth-century actors and actresses, one of whom is the eponymous Thespis, the Greek father of the drama. Its mixture of political satire and grand opera parody mimicked Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld and La belle Hélène, which (in translation) then dominated the English musical stage.^[17]^[18] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 387 pixelsFull resolution (3414 Ã— 1650 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 387 pixelsFull resolution (3414 Ã— 1650 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Illustrated London News was a magazine founded by Herbert Ingram and his friend Mark Lemon, the editor of Punch magazine. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Thespis (opera) Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old, was the first collaboration between librettist W. S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan. ... The Gaiety Theatre, London was a musical theatre in Londons Strand area. ... West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre in London, or sometimes more specifically for shows staged in the large theatres of Londons Theatreland. Along with New Yorks Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in... Thespis of Icaria (6th century BCE) is claimed to be the first person ever to appear on stage as an actor in a play although the reality is undoubtedly more complex. ... Grand Opera is a style of opera mainly characterized by many features on a grandiose scale. ... Jacques Offenbach (20 June 1819 â€“ 5 October 1880), composer and cellist of the Romantic era, was one of the originators of the operetta form. ... Orpheus in the Underworld (in French: OrphÃ©e aux enfers) is an opÃ©ra bouffe (or opÃ©ra fÃ©erie in its revised version) in two acts by Jacques Offenbach. ... La belle HÃ©lÃ¨ne (The Beautiful Helen or The Fair Helen) is a French operetta in three acts by French composer Jacques Offenbach to an original French libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic HalÃ©vy. ...

Thespis opened on Boxing Day and ran for 63 performances. It outran five of its nine competitors for the 1871 holiday season, but no one at the time anticipated that this was the beginning of a great collaboration. Unlike the later G&S works, it was hastily prepared, and its nature was more risqué, like Gilbert's earlier travesties, with a broader style of comedy that allowed for improvisation by the actors. Two of the male characters were played by women, whose shapely legs were put on display in a fashion that Gilbert later condemned. The musical score to Thespis was never published and is now lost, except for one song that was published separately, a chorus that was re-used in The Pirates of Penzance, and the Act II ballet. Boxing Day is a public holiday observed in many Commonwealth countries on 26 December. ... Burlesque was originally a form of art that mocked by imitation, referring to everything from comic sketches to dance routines and usually lampooning the social attitudes of upper classes. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ...

Over the next four years, Gilbert and Sullivan did not have occasion to work together again, but each man became more eminent in his field. Gilbert worked with Clay on Happy Arcadia (1872) and with Alfred Cellier on Topsyturveydom (1874), as well as writing several other libretti, farces, extravaganzas, fairy comedies, dramas, adaptations from novels, and translations from the French. Sullivan completed his Festival Te Deum (1872); another oratorio, The Light of the World (1873); his only song cycle, The Window; or, The Song of the Wrens (1871); incidental music to The Merry Wives of Windsor (1874); and more songs, parlour ballads, and hymns, including "Onward, Christian Soldiers" (1872). Happy Arcadia is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music originally by Frederic Clay that premiered on October 28, 1872 at the Gallery of Illustration. ... Alfred Cellier (1844 â€“ 1891), English musical composer, was born at Hackney on the 1st of December 1844. ... TopsyÂturveydom (sometimes spelled TopsyÂturvydom) is a one-act operetta, styled an entirely original musical extravaganza, by W. S. Gilbert with music by Alfred Cellier. ... Te Deum is an early Christian hymn of praise. ... A song cycle is a group of songs designed to be performed in sequence as a single entity. ... The Window; or, The Song of the Wrens is a song cycle by Arthur Sullivan with words by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. ... Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program or some other form not primarily musical. ... Title page of the 1602 quarto The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare featuring the fat knight Sir John Falstaff and is Shakespeares only play to deal exclusively with contemporary English life. ... A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of praise, adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a god or other religiously significant figure. ... Onward, Christian Soldiers is a 19th century English hymn. ...

In 1874, Gilbert wrote a short libretto on commission from producer–composer Carl Rosa, whose wife would have played the leading role, but her death in childbirth cancelled the project and left the libretto an orphan. Not long afterwards, Richard D'Oyly Carte was managing the Royalty Theatre, and he needed a short opera to be played as an afterpiece to Offenbach's La Périchole. Gilbert already had available the libretto he had written for Rosa, and Carte suggested that Sullivan write the score. The composer was delighted with it, and Trial by Jury was composed in a matter of weeks.^[19] Carl August Nicholas Rosa (22 March 1842, Hamburg - 30 April 1889, Paris) was a German-born English musical impresario. ... Richard DOyly Carte Richard DOyly Carte (May 3, 1844 â€“ April 3, 1901) was an English theatrical impresario during the latter half of the nineteenth century. ... The Royalty Theatre was a London theatre situated at 73 Dean Street, Soho. ... Jacques Offenbach (20 June 1819 â€“ 5 October 1880), composer and cellist of the Romantic era, was one of the originators of the operetta form. ... Original poster La PÃ©richole is an opÃ©ra bouffe in three acts by Jacques Offenbach. ... Trial by Jury is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in one act (the only single-act Savoy Opera). ...

The piece is one of Gilbert’s humorous spoofs of the law and the legal profession, based on his brief experience as a barrister. It concerns a breach of promise of marriage suit. The defendant argues that damages should be slight, since "he is such a very bad lot," while the plaintiff argues that she loves the defendant fervently and seeks "substantial damages." After much argument, the judge resolves the case by marrying the lovely plaintiff himself. With Sullivan's brother, Fred, as the Learned Judge, the opera was a runaway hit, outlasting the run of La Périchole. Provincial tours and productions at other theatres quickly followed.^[20] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 700 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1208 Ã— 1034 pixel, file size: 221 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a drawing by W. S. Gilbert, who died in 1911, and it was published in the U.S. before 1923. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 700 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1208 Ã— 1034 pixel, file size: 221 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a drawing by W. S. Gilbert, who died in 1911, and it was published in the U.S. before 1923. ... Trial by Jury is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in one act (the only single-act Savoy Opera). ... // Artists impression of an English and Irish barrister A barrister is a lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions which employ a split profession (as opposed to a fused profession) in relation to legal representation. ... Breach of promise is a former tort. ... Fred Sullivan as The Learned Judge in Trial by Jury Frederic Sullivan (December 25, 1837-January 18, 1877) was an English actor and singer. ...

Fred Sullivan was the prototype for the "patter" (comic) baritone roles in the later operas. F. C. Burnand wrote that he "was one of the most naturally comic little men I ever came across. He, too, was a first-rate practical musician.... As he was the most absurd person, so was he the very kindliest...."^[21] Fred's creation would serve as a model for the rest of the collaborators' works, and each of them has a crucial comic little man role, as Burnand had put it. The "patter" baritone (or "principal comedian", as these roles later were called) would often assume the leading role in Gilbert and Sullivan's comic operas, and was usually allotted the speedy patter songs. The patter song is a staple of comic opera: a solo, typically for bass or baritone, typically delivered very quickly to a kind of sing-song tune. ... Baritone (French: ; German: ; Italian: ) is most commonly the type of male voice that lies between bass and tenor. ... From The History of Punch Sir Francis Cowley Burnand (November 29, 1836 â€“ April 21, 1917), often credited as F. C. Burnand, was an editor of Punch, taking over from Tom Taylor in 1880, until 1906, when he was succeeded by Sir Owen Seaman. ... The patter song is a staple of comic opera: a solo, typically for bass or baritone, typically delivered very quickly to a kind of sing-song tune. ...

After the success of Trial by Jury, Gilbert and Sullivan were suddenly in demand to write more operas together. Over the next two years, Richard D'Oyly Carte was one of several theatrical managers who negotiated with the team but were unable to come to terms. Carte also proposed a revival of Thespis for the 1875 Christmas season, which Gilbert and Sullivan would have revised, but he was unable to obtain financing for the project.

Sorcerer to Pirates

Carte's real ambition was to develop an English form of light opera that would displace the bawdy burlesques and badly translated French operettas then dominating the London stage. He assembled a syndicate and formed the Comedy Opera Company, with Gilbert and Sullivan commissioned to write a comic opera that would serve as the centrepiece for an evening's entertainment. In literary criticism, the term burlesque is employed as a term in genre criticism, to describe any imitative work that derives humor from an incongruous contrast between style and subject. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ...

Gilbert found a subject in one of his own short stories, "The Elixir of Love," which concerned the complications arising when a love potion is distributed to all the residents of a small village. The leading character was a Cockney businessman who happened to be a sorcerer, a purveyor of blessings (not much called for) and curses (very popular). Gilbert and Sullivan were tireless taskmasters, seeing to it that The Sorcerer opened as a fully polished production, in marked contrast to the under-rehearsed Thespis.^[22] While The Sorcerer won critical acclaim, it did not duplicate the success of Trial by Jury. Nevertheless, Carte and his syndicate were sufficiently encouraged to commission another full-length opera from the team. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (821x1024, 124 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Library of Congress Details TITLE: Saville English Opera Company CALL NUMBER: POS - TH - OPT . ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (821x1024, 124 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Library of Congress Details TITLE: Saville English Opera Company CALL NUMBER: POS - TH - OPT . ... St Mary-le-Bow The term cockney refers to working-class inhabitants of London, particularly east London, and the slang used by these people. ...

Gilbert and Sullivan scored their first international hit with H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), satirising the rise of unqualified people to positions of authority and poking good-natured fun at the Royal Navy and the English obsession with social status (building on a theme introduced in The Sorcerer, love between members of different social classes). As with many of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, a surprise twist changes everything dramatically near the end of the story. Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ...

Gilbert oversaw the designs of sets and costumes, and he directed the performers on stage.^[23] He sought realism in acting, shunned self-conscious interaction with the audience, and insisted on a standard of characterisation where the characters were never aware of their own absurdity.^[24] Gilbert insisted that his actors know their words perfectly and obey his stage directions, which was something new to many actors of the day.^[24] Sullivan personally oversaw the musical preparation. The result was a new crispness and polish in the English musical theatre.^[25]^[26]

H.M.S. Pinafore ran in London for 571 performances, the second longest run of any musical theatre piece in history up to that time (after the operetta Les Cloches de Corneville).^[27] Hundreds of unauthorized, or "pirated", productions of Pinafore appeared in America.^[28] Richard D'Oyly Carte split up with his former investors during the run of Pinafore. The disgruntled former partners, who had each invested in the production with no return, staged a public fracas, sending a group of thugs to seize the scenery during a performance. Stagehands successfully managed to ward off their backstage attackers.^[29] Carte, Gilbert and Sullivan formed the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which then produced all of their succeeding operas. Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Le Cloches de Corneville (known in English as The Chimes of Normandy or The Bells of Corneville) is an operetta in three acts, composed by Robert Planquette to a French libretto by Louis Clairville and Charles Gabet based on a play by Gabet. ...

The libretto of H.M.S. Pinafore relied on stock character types, many of which were familiar from European opera: the heroic protagonist (tenor) and his love-interest (soprano); the older woman with a secret or a sharp tongue (contralto); the baffled lyric baritone – the girl's father; and a classic villain (bass-baritone). With the success of H.M.S. Pinafore, the D'Oyly Carte repertory and production system was cemented, and each opera would make use of these stock character types. Previously, Gilbert had constructed his plays around the established stars of whatever theatre he happened to be writing for, as had been the case with Thespis and Trial by Jury. Building on the team he had assembled for The Sorcerer, Gilbert no longer hired stars; he created them. He and Sullivan selected the performers, writing their operas for ensemble casts rather than individual stars. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... This article or section seems to contain too many examples (or examples of poor quality) for an encyclopedia entry. ... Look up soprano in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In music, an alto is a singer with a vocal range somewhere between a tenor and a soprano. ... Baritone (French: ; German: ; Italian: ) is most commonly the type of male voice that lies between bass and tenor. ... A bass-baritone is a singing voice that shares certain qualities of both the baritone and the bass. ...

The repertory system ensured that the comic patter character who performed the role of the sorcerer, John Wellington Wells, would become the ruler of the Queen's navy as Sir Joseph Porter in H.M.S. Pinafore, then join the army as Major-General Stanley in The Pirates of Penzance, and so on. Similarly, Mrs. Partlet in The Sorcerer transformed into Little Buttercup in Pinafore, then into Ruth, the piratical maid-of-all-work in Pirates. Relatively unknown performers whom Gilbert and Sullivan engaged early in the collaboration would stay with the company for many years, becoming stars of the Victorian stage. These included George Grossmith, the comic baritone; Rutland Barrington, the lyric baritone; Richard Temple, the bass-baritone; and Jessie Bond, the mezzo-soprano soubrette. Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... George Grossmith, as illustrated in The Idler magazine, 1897 George Grossmith (December 9, 1847 - March 1, 1912) was an English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Rutland Barrington (January 15, 1853 - May 31, 1922) was an English actor, comedian, and musical comedy star, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Drawing of Temple as the Pirate King as Arac in Princess Ida Richard Barker Cobb Temple (March 2, 1847â€“October 19, 1912) was an English opera singer, actor and stage director, best known for his work in the Gilbert & Sullivan comic operas. ... Jessie Bond (January 10, 1853â€“June 17, 1942) was an English singer and actress best known for creating most of the mezzo-soprano soubrette roles in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas. ... A mezzo-soprano (meaning medium soprano in Italian) is a female singer with a range usually extending from the A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally have a darker (or lower) vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between that... Soubrette is a term to describe a leggiero soprano in classical music. ...

The Pirates of Penzance (New Year's eve, 1879), conceived in a fit of pique at the American copyright pirates, also poked fun at grand opera conventions, sense of duty, family obligation, the "respectability" of civilisation and the peerage, and the relevance of a liberal education. The story also revisits Pinafore's theme of unqualified people in positions of authority, in the person of the "modern Major-General" who has up-to-date knowledge about everything except the military. The Major-General and his many daughters escape from the tender-hearted Pirates of Penzance, who are all orphans, on the false plea that he is an orphan himself. The pirates learn of the deception and re-capture the Major-General, but when it is revealed that the pirates are all peers, the Major-General bids them: "resume your ranks and legislative duties, and take my daughters, all of whom are beauties!" Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Copyright symbol Copyright is a set of exclusive rights regulating the use of a particular expression of an idea or information. ... Grand Opera is a style of opera mainly characterized by many features on a grandiose scale. ... Henry Lytton as the Major-General The Major-Generals Song is a patter song from Gilbert and Sullivans 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance. ... For other uses, see Peerage (disambiguation). ...

The piece premiered first in New York rather than London, in an (unsuccessful) attempt to secure the American copyright, and was another big success with both critics and audiences.^[30] Gilbert, Sullivan and Carte tried for many years to control the American performance copyrights over their operas, without success.^[31] Nevertheless, Pirates was a hit in both New York, again spawning numerous imitators, and then in London, and it became one of the most frequently performed, translated and parodied Gilbert and Sullivan works, also enjoying a successful 1981 Broadway revival by Joseph Papp. Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Joseph Papp (1921 - 1991) was an American theatre producer and director. ...

In 1880, Sullivan wrote the cantata The Martyr of Antioch, presented at the Leeds Triennial Music Festival, with a libretto modified by Gilbert from an 1822 epic poem by Henry Hart Milman concerning the martyrdom of St. Margaret of Antioch in the 3rd century. Sullivan became the conductor of the Leeds festival beginning in 1880 and conducted the performance. It could be said that Martyr was the 15th opera of the partnership, since the Carl Rosa Opera Company presented the work as an opera in 1898.^[32] A cantata (Italian, sung) is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment and generally containing more than one movement. ... The Martyr of Antioch is an oratorio (originally described as A Sacred Musical Drama) by the English composer, Arthur Sullivan. ... Leeds is a major city in West Yorkshire, England. ... Henry Hart Milman (November 10, 1791 - September 24, 1868) was an English historian and ecclesiastic. ... Saint Margaret, also known as Margaret of Antioch (in Pisidia), virgin and martyr, is celebrated by the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches on July 20. ... Carl August Nicholas Rosa (1843, Hamburg - April 30th 1889, Paris) was an English musical impresario, his family name (which he subsequently changed) being Rose. ...

Savoy Theatre opens: Patience to Princess Ida

Patience (1881) satirised the aesthetic movement in general and its colourful poets, in particular, combining aspects of Algernon Charles Swinburne, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Oscar Wilde, James McNeill Whistler and others in the rival poets Bunthorne and Grosvenor. Grossmith, who created the role of Bunthorne, based his makeup, wig and costume on Swinburne and especially Whistler, as seen in the adjacent photo.^[33] The work also lampoons male vanity and chauvinism in the military. The story concerns two rival "aesthetic" poets, who attract the attention of the young ladies of the village, who had been engaged to the members of a cavalry regiment. But the two poets are each in love with Patience, the village milkmaid, who detests one of them and feels that it is her duty to avoid the other despite her love for him. Richard D'Oyly Carte was the booking manager for Oscar Wilde, a then lesser-known proponent of aestheticism, and dispatched Wilde on an American lecture tour in conjunction with the opera's U.S. run, so that American audiences might better understand what the satire was all about. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... George Grossmith, as illustrated in The Idler magazine, 1897 George Grossmith (December 9, 1847 - March 1, 1912) was an English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Patience (operetta) Patience (video tape cover) Patience (video tape cover) This article refers to the Savoy Opera. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Patience (operetta) This article refers to the operetta. ... The Aesthetic movement is a loosely defined movement in art and literature in later nineteenth century Britain. ... Algernon Swinburne, detail of his portrait by Rossetti Algernon Charles Swinburne (April 5, 1837 â€“ April 10, 1909) was a Victorian era English poet. ... Dante Gabriel Rossetti (May 12, 1828 - April 10, 1882) was an English poet, painter and translator. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 â€“ November 30, 1900) was an Anglo-Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... Self portrait (1872) James Abbott McNeill Whistler (July 11, 1834 â€“ July 17, 1903) was an American-born, British-based painter and etcher. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 â€“ November 30, 1900) was an Anglo-Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ...

During the run of Patience, Carte built the large, modern Savoy Theatre, which became the partnership's permanent home. It was the first theatre (indeed the world's first public building) to be lit entirely by electric lighting.^[34] Patience moved into the Savoy after six months at the Opera Comique and ran for a total of 578 performances, surpassing the run of H.M.S. Pinafore and becoming the second longest-running work of musical theatre up to that time in history.^[35] Savoy Theatre London, December 2003 The Savoy Theatre, which opened on 10 October 1881, was built by Richard DOyly Carte (1844 - 1901) on the site of the old Savoy Palace in London as a showcase for the works of Gilbert and Sullivan, which became known as the Savoy Operas... Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ...

Iolanthe (1882) was the first of the operas to open at the Savoy. The fully electric Savoy made possible numerous special effects, such as sparkling magic wands for the female chorus of fairies. The opera poked fun at English law and the House of Lords and made much of the war between the sexes. The critics felt that Sullivan's work in Iolanthe had taken a step forward. The Daily Telegraph wrote, "The composer has risen to his opportunity, and we are disposed to account Iolanthe his best effort in all the Gilbertian series."^[36] Similarly, the Theatre asserted that "the music of Iolanthe is Dr Sullivan's chef d'oeuvre. The quality throughout is more even, and maintained at a higher standard, than in any of his earlier works...."^[37] Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as the Lords. The Sovereign, the House of Commons (which is the lower house of Parliament and referred to as the Commons), and the Lords together comprise the Parliament. ... This article concerns the British newspaper. ...

Iolanthe is one of a number of Gilbert's works, including The Wicked World (1873), Broken Hearts (1875), Princess Ida (1884) and Fallen Fairies (1909), where the introduction of men and "mortal love" into a tranquil world of women wreaks havoc with the status quo.^[38] Gilbert had created several "fairy comedies" at the Haymarket Theatre in the early 1870s. These plays, influenced by the fairy work of James Planché, are founded upon the idea of self-revelation by characters under the influence of some magic or some supernatural interference.^[39] The Wicked World is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts. ... Broken Hearts is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts styled An entirely original fairy play. It opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on December 9, 1875. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Princess Ida Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Princess (Tennyson) Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant, is the eighth operetta written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ... Fallen Fairies; or, The Wicked World, is a two-act comic opera, with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Edward German. ... Haymarket Theatre, ca. ... James Robinson PlanchÃ© in 1835 James Robinson PlanchÃ© (February 27, 1796 â€“ May 30, 1880), was a dramatist, officer of arms and miscellaneous writer. ...

In 1882, Gilbert had a telephone installed in his home and at the prompt desk at the Savoy Theatre so that he could monitor performances and rehearsals from his home study. Gilbert had referred to the new technology in Pinafore in 1878, only two years after the device was invented and before London even had telephone service. Sullivan had one installed as well, and on May 13, 1883, at a party to celebrate the composer's 41st birthday, the guests, including the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), heard a direct relay of parts of Iolanthe from the Savoy. This was probably the first live "broadcast" of an opera.^[40] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Alice Barnett (May 17, 1846 â€“ April 14, 1901) was an English singer and actress, best known for her performances in contralto roles of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Prince of Wales Feathers. This Heraldic badge of the Heir Apparent is derived from the ostrich feathers borne by Edward, the Black Prince. ... Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King Edward VII (Albert Edward) (9 November 1841–6 May 1910) was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ...

During the run of Iolanthe, in 1883, Sullivan was knighted by Queen Victoria. Although it was the operas with Gilbert that had earned him the broadest fame, the honour was conferred for his services to serious music. The musical establishment, and many critics, believed that this should put an end to his career as a composer of comic opera — that a musical knight should not stoop below oratorio or grand opera.^[41] Sullivan, despite the financial security of writing for the Savoy, increasingly viewed his work with Gilbert as unimportant, beneath his skills, and repetitious. Furthermore, he was unhappy that he had to simplify his music to ensure that Gilbert's words could be heard. But paradoxically, in February 1883, just after Iolanthe opened, Sullivan had signed a five-year agreement with Gilbert and Carte requiring him to produce a new comic opera on six months' notice.^[5] The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals personal bravery, achievement or service to the United Kingdom. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 â€“ 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ... A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... Grand Opera is a style of opera mainly characterized by many features on a grandiose scale. ...

Princess Ida (1884) spoofed women's education and male chauvinism and continued the theme from Iolanthe of the war between the sexes. The opera is based on Tennyson's poem The Princess: A Medley. Gilbert had written a blank verse farce based on the same material in 1870, called The Princess, and he reused a good deal of the dialogue from his earlier play in the libretto of Princess Ida. Ida is the only Gilbert and Sullivan work with dialogue entirely in blank verse and is also the only one of their works in three acts. Lillian Russell had been engaged to create the title role, but Gilbert did not believe that she was dedicated enough, and when she missed a rehearsal, she was dismissed.^[42] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 542 pixelsFull resolution (1189 Ã— 805 pixel, file size: 30 KB, MIME type: image/gif) Description: A mature-looking Hilarion, Cyril and Florian on their knees to Princess Ida, who is wearing a cap and gown. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 542 pixelsFull resolution (1189 Ã— 805 pixel, file size: 30 KB, MIME type: image/gif) Description: A mature-looking Hilarion, Cyril and Florian on their knees to Princess Ida, who is wearing a cap and gown. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Princess Ida Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Princess (Tennyson) Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant, is the eighth operetta written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ... Female education is a catch-all term for a complex of issues and debates surrounding education (primary education, secondary education, tertiary education and health education in particular) for females. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chauvinism. ... Alfred, Lord Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 â€“ 6 October 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and is one of the most popular English poets. ... Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. ... The Princess is a blank verse farcical play, in five scenes with music, by W. S. Gilbert first produced at the Olympic Theatre in London on January 8, 1870, which travesties Alfred Lord Tennysons humorous 1847 narrative poem, The Princess: A Medley. ... Lillian Russell (Helen Louise Leonard) (December 4, 1860 - June 6, 1922) was an American actress and singer. ...

Princess Ida was the first of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas that, by the partnership's previous standards, was not a success. A particularly hot summer in London did not help ticket sales. The piece ran for a comparatively short 246 performances and was not revived in London until 1919. Sullivan had been satisfied with the libretto, but two months after Ida opened, Sullivan told Carte that "it is impossible for me to do another piece of the character of those already written by Gilbert and myself."^[5] As Princess Ida showed signs of flagging, Carte realized that, for the first time in the partnership's history, no new opera would be ready when the old one closed. On 22 March 1884, he gave Gilbert and Sullivan contractual notice that a new opera would be required in six months' time.^[43] In the meantime, when Ida closed, Carte produced a revival of The Sorcerer. is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Dodging the magic lozenge: The Mikado to The Gondoliers

The most successful of the Savoy Operas was The Mikado (1885), which made fun of English bureaucracy, thinly diguised by a Japanese setting. Gilbert initially proposed a story for a new opera about a magic lozenge that would change the characters,^[44] which Sullivan found artificial and lacking in "human interest and probability", as well as being too similar to their earlier opera, The Sorcerer. As dramatised in the film Topsy-Turvy,^[45] the author and composer were at an impasse until 8 May 1884, when Gilbert dropped the lozenge idea and agreed to provide a libretto without any supernatural elements. The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ... Topsy-Turvy is a 1999 film which tells the background story of the creation of The Mikado, a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The story focuses on a "cheap tailor," Ko-Ko, who is promoted to the position of Lord High Executioner of the town of Titipu. Ko-Ko loves his ward, Yum-Yum, but she loves a musician, who is really the son of the emperor of Japan (the Mikado), and who is in disguise to escape the attentions of the elderly and amorous Katisha. The Mikado has decreed that executions must resume without delay in Titipu. When news arrives that the Mikado will be visiting the town, Ko-Ko assumes that he is coming to ascertain whether Ko-Ko has carried out the executions. Too timid to execute anyone, Ko-Ko cooks up a conspiracy to misdirect the Mikado, which goes awry. Eventually, Ko-Ko must persuade Katisha to marry him, in order to save his own life and the lives of the other conspirators. Image File history File links The_Mikado_Three_Little_Maids. ... Image File history File links The_Mikado_Three_Little_Maids. ...

With the opening of trade between England and Japan, Japanese imports, art and styles became fashionable in London, making the time ripe for an opera set in Japan. Gilbert said, "I cannot give you a good reason for our... piece being laid in Japan. It... afforded scope for picturesque treatment, scenery and costume, and I think that the idea of a chief magistrate, who is... judge and actual executioner in one, and yet would not hurt a worm, may perhaps please the public."^[46]

Setting the opera in Japan, an exotic locale far away from Britain, allowed Gilbert and Sullivan to satirise British politics and institutions more freely by clothing them in superficial Japanese trappings. Gilbert wrote, "The Mikado of the opera was an imaginary monarch of a remote period and cannot by any exercise of ingenuity be taken to be a slap on an existing institution."^[47] G. K. Chesterton compared it to Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels: "Gilbert pursued and persecuted the evils of modern England till they had literally not a leg to stand on, exactly as Swift did.... I doubt if there is a single joke in the whole play that fits the Japanese. But all the jokes in the play fit the English.... About England Pooh-bah is something more than a satire; he is the truth."^[48] Several of the later operas are similarly set in foreign or fictional locales, including The Gondoliers, Utopia Limited, and The Grand Duke. Gilbert Keith Chesterton (May 29, 1874â€“June 14, 1936) was an influential English writer of the early 20th century. ... Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 â€“ October 19, 1745) was an Irish cleric, satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for Tories), and poet, famous for works like Gullivers Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, The Drapiers Letters, The Battle of the Books, and... First Edition of Gullivers Travels Gullivers Travels (1726, amended 1735), officially Vol. ... The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria, is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Utopia, Limited or, The Flowers of Progress, is the second-to-last collaboration between composer Arthur Sullivan and librettist/satirist W.S. Gilbert. ... The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel, was the final operetta written by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. ...

The Mikado became the partnership's longest-running hit, enjoying 672 performances at the Savoy Theatre, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.^[49] The Mikado remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera.^[50] It has been translated into numerous languages and is one of the most frequently played musical theatre pieces in history.^[51]

Ruddigore (1887), a topsy-turvy take on Victorian melodrama, was less successful than most of the earlier collaborations with a run of 288 performances. The original title, Ruddygore, together with some of the plot devices, including the revivification of ghosts, drew negative comments from critics.^[52] Gilbert and Sullivan respelled the title and made a number of changes and cuts.^[53] Nevertheless, the piece was profitable,^[54] and the reviews were not all bad. For instance, the Illustrated London News praised the work and both Gilbert and, especially, Sullivan: "Sir Arthur Sullivan has eminently succeeded alike in the expression of refined sentiment and comic humour. In the former respect, the charm of graceful melody prevails; while, in the latter, the music of the most grotesque situations is redolent of fun."^[55] Further changes were made, including a new overture, when Rupert D'Oyly Carte revived Ruddigore after the First World War, and the piece was regularly performed by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company thereafter.^[56] Ruddigore, or The Witchs Curse, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Poster for The Perils of Pauline (1914). ... The Illustrated London News was a magazine founded by Herbert Ingram and his friend Mark Lemon, the editor of Punch magazine. ... Rupert DOyly Carte, born Hampstead, London, November 3, 1876, was an English hotelier and impresario, best known as proprietor of the DOyly Carte Opera Company from 1913 to 1948. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

Some of the plot elements of Ruddigore were introduced by Gilbert in his earlier one-act opera, Ages Ago (1869), including the tale of the wicked ancestor and the device of the ghostly ancestors stepping out of their portraits. When Ruddigore closed, no new opera was ready. Gilbert again proposed a version of the "lozenge" plot for their next opera, and Sullivan reiterated his desire to leave the partnership. While the two men worked out their artistic differences, Carte produced revivals of such old favourites as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado. Ages Ago is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Frederic Clay that premiered on 22 November 1869. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ...

The Yeomen of the Guard (1888), their only joint work with a serious ending, concerns a pair of strolling players—a jester and a singing girl—who are caught up in a risky intrigue at the Tower of London during the 16th century. The dialogue, though in prose, is quasi-Shakespearian, or early modern English, in style, and there is no satire of British institutions. For some of the plot elements, Gilbert had reached back to his 1875 tragedy, Broken Hearts. The Times praised the libretto: "It should... be acknowledged that Mr. Gilbert has earnestly endeavoured to leave familiar grooves and rise to higher things."^[57] Although not a grand opera, the new libretto provided Sullivan with the opportunity to write his most ambitious score to date. The critics, who had recently lauded the composer for his successful oratorio, The Golden Legend, considered the score to Yeomen to be Sullivan's finest, including its overture, which was written in sonata form, rather than as a sequential pot-pourri of tunes from the opera, as in most of his other overtures. The Daily Telegraph wrote: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Denny with Jessie Bond in Yeomen, 1888 W.H. Denny (October 22, 1853 â€“ August 31, 1915) was an English singer and actor best remembered for his portrayal of baritone roles in the Savoy Operas. ... Jessie Bond (January 10, 1853â€“June 17, 1942) was an English singer and actress best known for creating most of the mezzo-soprano soubrette roles in the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas. ... The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid, is the eleventh of Gilbert and Sullivans operettas. ... Her Majestys Royal Palace and Fortress The Tower of London, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically simply as The Tower), is a historic monument in central London, England on the north bank of the River Thames. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Shakespeares writings are universally associated with Early Modern English Early Modern English refers to the stage of the English language used from about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 1400s) to 1650. ... Broken Hearts is a blank verse play by W. S. Gilbert in three acts styled An entirely original fairy play. It opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on December 9, 1875. ... The Golden Legend is a cantata by Arthur Sullivan with libretto by Joseph Bennett, who suggested the topic, based on the poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Yeomen was a hit, running for over a year, with strong New York and touring productions. During the run, on 12 March 1889, Sullivan wrote to Gilbert, "I have lost the liking for writing comic opera, and entertain very grave doubts as to my power of doing it.... You say that in a serious opera, you must more or less sacrifice yourself. I say that this is just what I have been doing in all our joint pieces, and, what is more, must continue to do in comic opera to make it successful."^[59] Sullivan insisted that the next opera must be a grand opera. Gilbert did not feel that he could write a grand opera libretto, but he offered a compromise that Sullivan ultimately accepted. The two would write a light opera for the Savoy, and at the same time, Sullivan a grand opera (Ivanhoe) for a new theatre that Carte was constructing to present British grand opera. After a brief impasse over the choice of subject, Sullivan accepted an idea "connected with Venice and Venetian life, as "this seemed to me to hold out great chances of bright colour and taking music."^[60] Grand Opera is a style of opera mainly characterized by many features on a grandiose scale. ... Ivanhoe is a romantic opera in three acts based on the novel by Sir Walter Scott, with music by Arthur Sullivan and a libretto by Julian Sturgis. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ...

The Gondoliers (1889) takes place partly in Venice and partly in a kingdom ruled by a pair of gondoliers who attempt to remodel the monarchy in a spirit of "republican equality."^[61] Gilbert recapitulates a number of his earlier themes, including the satire of class distinctions figuring in many of his earlier librettos. The libretto also reflects Gilbert's fascination with the "Stock Company Act", highlighting the absurd convergence of natural persons and legal entities, which plays an even larger part in the next opera, Utopia Limited. Press accounts were almost entirely favourable. The Illustrated London News reported: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Rutland Barrington (January 15, 1853 - May 31, 1922) was an English actor, comedian, and musical comedy star, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Courtice Pounds, (May 30, 1862 â€“ December 21, 1927) was an English singer and actor, known for his performances in the tenor roles of the Savoy Operas with the DOyly Carte Opera Company and his later roles in Shakespeare plays and musical comedies. ... The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria, is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ...

Sullivan's old collaborator on Cox and Box (later the editor of Punch magazine), F. C. Burnand, wrote to the composer: "Magnificento!...I envy you and W.S.G. being able to place a piece like this on the stage in so complete a fashion."^[63] The opera enjoyed a run longer than any of their other joint works except for H.M.S. Pinafore and The Mikado. There was a command performance of The Gondoliers for Queen Victoria and the royal family at Windsor Castle in 1891, the first Gilbert and Sullivan opera to be so honoured. The Gondoliers was Gilbert and Sullivan's last great success. This article needs to be wikified. ... Cox and Box (video tape cover) Cox and Box is a comic opera with a libretto by by Francis Cowley Burnand and music by Arthur Sullivan, based on the farce Box and Cox, by John Maddison Morton. ... Punch was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002. ... From The History of Punch Sir Francis Cowley Burnand (November 29, 1836 - April 21, 1917) was an editor of Punch, taking over from Tom Taylor in 1880, until 1906, when he was succeeded by Sir Owen Seaman. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... Windsor castle, a thousand-year-old fortress transformed into a royal palace. ...

The carpet quarrel

Gilbert and Sullivan sometimes had a strained working relationship, partly caused by the fact that each man saw himself allowing his work to be subjugated to the other's, and partly caused by the opposing personalities of the two—Gilbert was often confrontational and notoriously thin-skinned (though prone to acts of extraordinary kindness), while Sullivan eschewed conflict.^[64] In addition, Gilbert imbued his libretti with "topsy-turvy" situations in which the social order was turned upside down. After a time, these subjects were often at odds with Sullivan's desire for realism and emotional content.^[65] Also, Gilbert's political satire often poked fun at the wealthy and powerful whom Sullivan sought out for friendship and patronage.^[66] Antonio Ghislanzoni, nineteenth century Italian librettist. ...

Gilbert and Sullivan quarrelled several times over the choice of a subject. After both Princess Ida and Ruddigore, which were less successful than the seven other operas from H.M.S. Pinafore to The Gondoliers, Sullivan asked to leave the partnership, saying that he found Gilbert's plots repetitive and that the operas were not artistically satisfying to him. While the two artists worked out their differences, Carte kept the Savoy open with revivals of their earlier works. On each occasion, after a few months' pause, Gilbert responded with a libretto that met Sullivan's objections, and the partnership was able to continue successfully.^[5] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 403 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (700 Ã— 1041 pixel, file size: 138 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 403 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (700 Ã— 1041 pixel, file size: 138 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ... Savoy Theatre London, December 2003 The Savoy Theatre, which opened on 10 October 1881, was built by Richard DOyly Carte (1844 - 1901) on the site of the old Savoy Palace in London as a showcase for the works of Gilbert and Sullivan, which became known as the Savoy Operas...

During the run of The Gondoliers, however, Gilbert challenged Carte over the expenses of the production. Carte had charged the cost of a new carpet for the Savoy Theatre lobby to the partnership. Gilbert believed that this was a maintenance expense that should be charged to Carte alone. As scholar Andrew Crowther has explained:

Sullivan sided with Carte, who was building a theatre in London for the production of new English grand operas, with Sullivan's Ivanhoe as the inaugural work. While the protracted quarrel worked itself out in the courts and in public, Gilbert wrote The Mountebanks with Alfred Cellier and the flop Haste to the Wedding with George Grossmith,^[67] and Sullivan also wrote Haddon Hall with Sidney Grundy. Ivanhoe is a romantic opera in three acts based on the novel by Sir Walter Scott, with music by Arthur Sullivan and a libretto by Julian Sturgis. ... The Mountebanks is a comic opera in two acts with music by Alfred Cellier and a libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Alfred Cellier (1844 â€“ 1891), English musical composer, was born at Hackney on the 1st of December 1844. ... Haste to the Wedding is a three-act comic opera with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by George Grossmith. ... George Grossmith, as illustrated in The Idler magazine, 1897 George Grossmith (December 9, 1847 - March 1, 1912) was an English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan. ... Haddon Hall is an English light opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and a libretto by Sydney Grundy (1848â€“1914). ...

In 1891, after many failed attempts at reconciliation by the pair and their producer, Richard D'Oyly Carte, Gilbert and Sullivan's music publisher, Tom Chappell, stepped in to mediate between two of his most profitable artists, and within two weeks he had succeeded.^[68] William Chappell (20 November 1809 - 20 August 1888) was an English writer on music, a member of the London musical firm of Chappell and Company. ...

Last works and legacy

Utopia, Limited (1893), their penultimate opera, was a very modest success, and The Grand Duke (1896) was an outright failure.^[69] Neither work entered the "canon" of regularly-performed Gilbert and Sullivan works until the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company made the first complete professional recordings of the two operas in the 1970s. Gilbert also offered Sullivan His Excellency (1894), but Gilbert's insistence on casting Nancy McIntosh, his protégée from Utopia, led to Sullivan's refusal, and it was instead composed by F. Osmond Carr.^[70] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x438, 139 KB)[edit] Summary Library of Congress Information: TITLE: DOyly Cartes Opera Co. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x438, 139 KB)[edit] Summary Library of Congress Information: TITLE: DOyly Cartes Opera Co. ... Utopia, Limited, or The Flowers of Progress is a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta. ... The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel, was the final operetta written by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. ... His Excellency is a two-act comic opera with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by F. Osmond Carr. ... Nancy McIntosh (1874 â€“ February 20, 1954) was an American-born singer and actress on the London stage, and one of the last of W. S. Gilberts protegÃ©es. ... Frank Osmond Carr (23 April 1858â€“29 August 1916), known as F. Osmond Carr was an English composer of musical comedy and operetta. ...

After The Grand Duke, the partners saw no reason to work together again. Sullivan, by this time in exceedingly poor health, died four years later, although to the end he continued to write new comic operas for the Savoy with other librettists, most successfully with Basil Hood in The Rose of Persia (1899), and The Emerald Isle (1901) (finished by Edward German after Sullivan's death). By the time of Sullivan's death, Gilbert wrote that any memory of their rift had been "completely bridged over," and "the most cordial relations existed between us." He stated that Sulivan was "A composer of the rarest genius — who, because he was a composer of the rarest genius, was as modest and as unassuming as a neophyte should be, but seldom is.... I remember all that he has done for me in allowing his genius to shed some of its lustre upon my humble name."^[71] Gilbert went into semi-retirement, although he continued to direct revivals of the Savoy Operas and wrote new plays occasionally. He wrote only one more comic opera, Fallen Fairies (1909; music by Edward German), which was not a success. ^[72] Richard D'Oyly Carte died in 1901, and his widow, Helen, and then his son, Rupert, followed by his granddaughter, Bridget, continued to direct the activities of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which staged revivals of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas until it closed in 1982. Basil Charles Hood (April 5, 1864 â€“ August 7, 1917) was a British librettist and lyricist, perhaps best known for his libretti of a half dozen Savoy Operas. ... The Rose of Persia; or, The Story-Teller and the Slave, is a two-act comic opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and a libretto by Basil Hood. ... The Emerald Isle; or, The Caves of Carrig-Cleena, is a two-act comic opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and Edward German, and a libretto by Basil Hood. ... Sir Edward German (17 February 1862 - 11 November 1936) was a musician and composer. ... Fallen Fairies; or, The Wicked World, is a two-act comic opera, with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Edward German. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Sir Edward German (17 February 1862 - 11 November 1936) was a musician and composer. ... Richard DOyly Carte Richard DOyly Carte (May 3, 1844 â€“ April 3, 1901) was an English theatrical impresario during the latter half of the nineteenth century. ... Helen DOyly Carte Helen DOyly Carte or Helen Lenoir (May 12, 1852 â€“ May 5, 1913) was the second wife of impresario and hotelier Richard DOyly Carte. ... Rupert DOyly Carte, born Hampstead, London, November 3, 1876, was an English hotelier and impresario, best known as proprietor of the DOyly Carte Opera Company from 1913 to 1948. ... Dame Bridget Cicely DOyly Carte DBE (25 March 1908 â€“ April 1985), was the granddaughter of Richard DOyly Carte and head of the DOyly Carte Opera Company from 1948 until 1982. ...

Sir Henry Wood explained the enduring success of the collaboration as follows: There have been several notable individuals with the name Henry Wood The best known are: Sir Henry Evelyn Wood, soldier Sir Henry Wood, orchestral conductor Mrs Henry Wood was a British novelist. ...

Because of the unusual success of the operas, the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company were able, from the start, to license the works to other professional companies, such as the J. C. Williamson Gilbert and Sullivan Opera Company, and to amateur societies. For almost a century, until the British copyrights expired in 1961, and even afterwards, the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company influenced productions of the operas worldwide, creating a "performing tradition" for most of the operas that is still referred to today by many directors. D'Oyly Carte produced several well-regarded recordings of most of the operas, helping to keep them popular through the decades. The J. C. Williamson Gilbert and Sullivan Opera Company was the successor to the American-born actor-manager J. C. Williamsons Royal Comic Opera Companies. ...

Today, numerous professional repertory companies,^[74] opera companies, amateur societies, churches, schools and universities continue to produce the works.^[75] The most popular G&S works are still performed from time to time by major opera companies,^[76] A three-week long International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival is held every August in Buxton, England. The International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival is held every summer at the Opera House in Buxton, Derbyshire. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Cultural influence

In the past 125 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world,^[77] and lines and quotations from the Gilbert and Sullivan operas have become part of the English language, such as "short, sharp shock", "What never? Well, hardly ever!", "let the punishment fit the crime", and "A policeman's lot is not a happy one".^[78]^[79] The operas have influenced political style and discourse, literature, film and television, have been widely parodied by humorists. In the past 125 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world. ... The phrase Short, sharp shock is taken from Gilbert and Sullivans 1885 comic opera The Mikado, where it appears near the end of the Act I song, I am so proud. ...

The American and British musical owes a tremendous debt to G&S, who were admired by and copied by early authors and composers such as Ivan Caryll, Adrian Ross, Lionel Monckton, P. G. Wodehouse,^[80] Guy Bolton, Victor Herbert, and Ivor Novello, and later Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II, and Andrew Lloyd Webber.^[81] Gilbert's lyrics served as a model for such 20th century Broadway lyricists as Cole Porter,^[82] Ira Gershwin,^[83] and Lorenz Hart.^[7] Noel Coward wrote: The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. ... Ivan Caryll was a composer from the late 19th and early 20th century. ... Arthur Reed Ropes (December 23, 1859 â€“ September 10, 1933) was better known under the psuedonym Adrian Ross a lyricist of British musical comedies in the late 19th and early 20th century. ... Lionel Monckton (December 18, 1861 - September 15, 1924) was a British writer and composer of musical theatre. ... Pelham Grenville Wodehouse KBE (October 15, 1881 â€“ February 14, 1975) (IPA: ) was an English comic writer who has enjoyed enormous popular success for more than seventy years. ... Guy Bolton (November 23, 1884 - September 6, 1979) was a writer of Broadway musical comedies who frequently collaborated with P. G. Wodehouse and Jerome Kern among others. ... Victor Herbert Victor August Herbert (February 1, 1859â€“May 26, 1924) was a popular composer of light opera, and an accomplished cellist and conductor. ... Ivor Novello David Ivor Davies (January 15, 1893 â€“ March 6, 1951), better known as Ivor Novello, was a Welsh composer, singer and actor who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the early 20th century. ... Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 â€“ September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, one of the most prodigious and famous American songwriters in history. ... Jerome David Kern (January 27, 1885 â€“ November 11, 1945) was an American composer of popular music. ... For work done with Richard Rodgers, see Rodgers and Hammerstein Oscar Hammerstein II (July 12, 1895 â€“ August 23, 1960) was a New-York born writer, producer, and (usually uncredited) director of musicals for almost forty years. ... Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is a highly successful English composer of musical theatre, and also the elder brother of Julian Lloyd Webber. ... Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 â€“ October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter from Indiana. ... Ira Gershwin (6 December 1896 â€“ 17 August 1983) was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs of the 20th century. ... Lorenz (Larry) Hart (May 2, 1895 - November 22, 1943) was the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart. ... Sir NoÃ«l Peirce Coward (December 16, 1899 â€“ March 26, 1973) was an Britain/British actor, playwright, and composer of popular music. ...

Gilbert and Sullivan's work provides a rich cultural resource outside of their influence upon musicals. The works of Gilbert and Sullivan are themselves frequently pastiched.^[85] Well known examples of this include Tom Lehrer's The Elements,^[86] Allan Sherman's and Anna Russell's famous routines,^[87] and the animated TV series, Animaniacs' HMS Yakko episode. Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas are commonly referenced in literature, film and television in various ways that include extensive use of Sullivan's music or where action occurs during a performance of a Gilbert and Sullivan opera. There are also a number of Gilbert and Sullivan biopics, such as Mike Leigh's Topsy-Turvy. Thomas Andrew (Tom) Lehrer (born April 9, 1928) is an American singer-songwriter, satirist, pianist, and mathematician. ... The Elements (1959) is a song by musical humorist Tom Lehrer which recites the names of all the chemical elements known at the time of writing, up to number 102, nobelium. ... Allan Sherman (sometimes incorrectly Alan and Allen), November 30, 1924 â€“ November 20, 1973, was an American musician, parodist, satirist, and television producer. ... Anna Claudia Russell-Brown (born 27 December 1911 in London) is an English singer and comedian. ... Steven Spielberg Presents Animaniacs, usually referred to as the shorter title Animaniacs, is an American animated television series, distributed by Warner Bros. ... Mike Leigh OBE (born February 20, 1943 in Broughton, Salford, Lancashire) is an award winning English film and theatre director. ... Topsy-Turvy is a 1999 film which tells the background story of the creation of The Mikado, a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta. ...

It is not surprising, given the focus of Gilbert on politics, that politicians and political observers have often found inspiration in these works. U.S. Supreme Court Justice William Rehnquist added gold stripes to his judicial robes after seeing them used by the Lord Chancellor in a production of Iolanthe.^[88] Alternatively, Lord Chancellor Charles Falconer is recorded as objecting so strongly to Iolanthe's comic portrayal of Lord Chancellors that he supported moves to disband the office.^[78] British politicians, beyond quoting some of the more famous lines, have delivered speeches in the form of Gilbert and Sullivan pastiches. These include Conservative Peter Lilley's speech mimicking the form of "I've got a little list" from The Mikado, listing those he was against, including "sponging socialists" and "young ladies who get pregnant just to jump the housing queue".^[78] Political humour based on Gilbert and Sullivan's style and characters continues to be written.^[89] William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 â€“ September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure, who served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States and later as the Chief Justice of the United States. ... The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor and prior to the Union the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom, and its predecessor states. ... Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Lord Falconer of Thoroton Charles Leslie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, PC, QC (born 19 November 1951) is a British barrister and Labour Party politician. ... Peter Bruce Lilley (born August 23, 1943, Hayes, Kent, England, educated at Dulwich College and Clare College, Cambridge) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been a Member of Parliament MP since 1983. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ...

Collaborations

Major works and original London runs Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (940x1904, 443 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Pirates of Penzance User:Davepape/Images Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (940x1904, 443 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Pirates of Penzance User:Davepape/Images Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from...

Parlour ballads Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old, was the first collaboration between William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. ... Trial by Jury is a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta in one act (the only single-act Savoy Opera). ... The Sorcerer is a two-act comic opera, with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Arthur Sullivan. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: H.M.S. Pinafore H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Poster announcing the copyright performance at the Bijou Theatre, Paignton The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... The Martyr of Antioch is an oratorio (originally described as A Sacred Musical Drama) by the English composer, Arthur Sullivan. ... Henry Hart Milman (November 10, 1791 - September 24, 1868) was an English historian and ecclesiastic. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Patience (operetta) This article refers to the operetta. ... Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri, is a comic opera with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Princess Ida Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Princess (Tennyson) Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant, is the eighth operetta written by Gilbert and Sullivan. ... The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations. ... Ruddigore, or The Witchs Curse, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid, is the eleventh of Gilbert and Sullivans operettas. ... The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria, is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Utopia, Limited, or The Flowers of Progress is a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta. ... The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel, was the final operetta written by William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. ...

Sweethearts is a comic play billed as a dramatic contrast in two acts by W. S. Gilbert. ...

Alternative versions

Gilbert and Sullivan operas have been translated into many languages, including Portuguese, Yiddish, Hebrew, Swedish, Danish, Estonian, Spanish (reportedly including a version of Pinafore transformed into zarzuela style), and many others. For other uses, see Zarzuela (disambiguation). ...

There are many German versions of Gilbert and Sullivan operas, including the popular Der Mikado. There is even a German version of The Grand Duke. Some German translations were made by Friedrich Zell and Richard Genée, librettists of Die Fledermaus, Eine Nacht in Venedig and other Viennese operettas, who even translated one of Sullivan's lesser-known operas, The Chieftain, as ("Der Häuptling"). Scene from the 1984 version. ... Eine Nacht in Venedig (A Night in Venice) is an operetta in 3 Acts by Johann Strauss II and was premiered in Berlin on 3 October 1883 in the Neues Friedrich Wilhelmstadisches Theather, and is the only one of the operettas of Johann Strauss II ever to be premiered outside... The Chieftain is a two-act comic opera by Arthur Sullivan and F. C. Burnand based on their 1867 opera, The Contrabandista. ...

Advertising flyer for The Queensland Ballet for Pirates of Penzance - The Ballet! Pirates of Penzance - The Ballet! (originally called Pirates! The Ballet) is a comic ballet which was adapted from the Gilbert and Sullivan Savoy Opera The Pirates of Penzance. The plot remains the same as for the operetta. ... Pineapple Poll is a Gilbert and Sullivan inspired comic ballet, which was created by John Cranko in collaboration with Sir Charles Mackerras. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Hot Mikado was a 1939 adaptation of Gilbert and Sullivans The Mikado. ... Hot Mikado can refer to two different but related productions based on Gilbert and Sullivans The Mikado. The first was the 1939 production created by Mike Todd which played at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair using the sets from his earlier touring production of The Mikado. Fifty... Hollywood Pinafore, or The Lad Who Loved a Salary is a musical comedy in two acts by George S. Kaufman, with music by Arthur Sullivan, based on Gilbert and Sullivans H.M.S. Pinafore. ... The Cool Mikado is a British musical film made in 1962, directed by Michael Winner, and produced by Harold Baim, with music arranged by Martin Slavin and John Barry. ... The Pirate Movie is a 1982 musical and comedy film directed by Ken Annakin and starring Christopher Atkins and Kristy McNichol. ... Christopher Atkins on the cover of Playgirl Magazine, 1983 Christopher Atkins smiling Christopher Atkins (born Christopher Bowman on February 21, 1961 in Rye, New York) is an American actor and was a popular teen idol. ... Kristy McNichol ca. ... The Laurence Olivier Awards, previously known as The Society of West End Theatre Awards, were renamed in honour of British actor Laurence Olivier, Baron Olivier in 1984, having first been established in 1976. ... Yiddish (ייִדיש, Jiddisch) is a Germanic language spoken by about four million Jews throughout the world. ... Created in 1955, the Drama Desk Award was created to recognize Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway shows in addition to Broadway shows. ... Advertising flyer for The Queensland Ballet for Pirates of Penzance - The Ballet! Pirates of Penzance - The Ballet! (originally called Pirates! The Ballet) is a comic ballet which was adapted from the Gilbert and Sullivan Savoy Opera The Pirates of Penzance. The plot remains the same as for the operetta. ... Opera della Luna, founded in 1994, is a British touring theatre troupe of singers and comedians. ... Ruddigore, or The Witchs Curse, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. ... Opera della Luna, founded in 1994, is a British touring theatre troupe of singers and comedians. ...

Contents

Beginnings

Gilbert before Sullivan

Sullivan before Gilbert

Operas

First collaborations: Thespis and Trial by Jury

Sorcerer to Pirates

Savoy Theatre opens: Patience to Princess Ida

Dodging the magic lozenge: The Mikado to The Gondoliers

The carpet quarrel

Last works and legacy

Cultural influence

Collaborations

Alternative versions

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

Recordings

External links

Contents

Beginnings GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Gilbert before Sullivan

Sullivan before Gilbert

Operas

First collaborations: Thespis and Trial by Jury

Sorcerer to Pirates

Savoy Theatre opens: Patience to Princess Ida

Dodging the magic lozenge: The Mikado to The Gondoliers

The carpet quarrel

Last works and legacy

Cultural influence

Collaborations

Alternative versions

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

Recordings

External links

Beginnings