NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gingiva

The gingiva (sing. and plur.: gingiva), or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lies over the alveolar bone. Image File history File links Tooth_Section. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Elseviers logo. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of ectodermic origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. ... The alveolar process (processus alveolaris), also referred to as the alveolar bone, is the bone found in the jaws of a mouth containing the socket of teeth. ...

General Description

Gingiva are part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them. Compared with the soft tissue linings of the lips and cheeks, most of the gingiva are tightly bound to the underlying bone and are designed to resist the friction of food passing over them. Healthy gingiva is usually coral pink, but may contain physiologic pigmentation. Changes in color, particularly increased redness, together with edema and an increased tendency to bleed, suggest an inflammation that is possibly due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque. This page is about the condition called edema. ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ... Improper removal of plaque caused a build up of calculus (dark yellow colour) near the gums on almost all the teeth. ...

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In dentistry, crown refers to the anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel. ... A humans visible teeth. ... The word enamel can mean more than one thing: Tooth enamel Vitreous enamel Enamel (markup language) Enameled wire This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth. ... The alveolar process (processus alveolaris), also referred to as the alveolar bone, is the bone found in the jaws of a mouth containing the socket of teeth. ... Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. ... The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. ... The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue. ... // Headline text The periodontal ligaments are considered part of the periodontium, as they are supporting tissue of a tooth. ...

Subdivisions of Gingiva

The gingiva is divided anatomically into marginal, attached and interdental areas.

Marginal Gingiva

The marginal gingiva is the terminal edge of gingiva surrounding the teeth in collar like fashion. In about 50% of individuals, it is demarcated from the adjacent, attached gingiva by a shallow linear depression, the free gingival groove. Usually about 1 mm wide, it forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus. The marginal gingiva is supported and stabilized by the gingival fibers. The gingiva (sing. ... The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue. ...

Attached Gingiva

The attached gingiva is continuous with the marginal gingiva. It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone. The facial aspect of the attached gingiva extends to the relatively loose and movable alveolar mucosa, from which it is demarcated by the mucogingival junction. Attached gingiva may present with surface stippling. The mucogingival junction is the interface between the more apically located alveolar mucosa and the more coronally located attached gingiva of the gingiva. ... Photograph of the upper left quandrant, showing teeth #4-8, with a DO amalgam on #5. ...

Interdental Gingiva

The interdental gingiva occupies the gingival embrasure, which is the interproximal space beneath the area of tooth contact. The interdental gingiva can be pyramidal or have a "col" shape. In dentistry, an embrasure is the area around interproximal contact area. ... Col may refer to: the French word for mountain pass a common abbreviation for the military rank colonel This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...

Diseases of the Gingiva

The gingival cavity microecosystem, fueled by food residues and saliva, can support the growth of many microorganisms, of which some can be injurious to health. Improper or insufficient oral hygiene can thus lead to many gingival and periodontal disorders, including gingivitis or pyorrhea, which are major causes for tooth failure. Recent studies have also shown that Anabolic steroids are also closely associated with gingival enlargement requiring a gingivectomy for many cases.[1] Microecosystems can exist in surprisingly many locations which are precisely defined by critical environmental factors within small or tiny spaces. ... Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean in order to prevent cavities (dental caries), gingivitis, periodontitis, bad breath (halitosis), and other dental disorders. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Periodontitis a disease involving inflammation of the gums (gingiva), often persisting unnoticed for years or decades in a patient, that results in loss of bone around teeth. ... Crystal structure of human sex hormone-binding globulin, transporting 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone. ... Gingival enlargement, the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease. ...

Characteristics of Healthy Gingiva

Colour

Healthy gingiva usually has a colour that has been described as "coral pink." Other colours like red, white, and blue can signify inflammation (gingivitis) or pathology. Although the text book color of gingiva is "coral pink", normal racial pigmentation makes the gingiva appear darker. Because the color of gingiva varies due to racial pigmentation, uniformity of colour is more important than the underlying color itself. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Contour

Healthy gingiva has a smooth arcuate or scalloped appearance around each tooth. Healthy gingiva fills and fits each interdental space, unlike the swollen gingiva papilla seen in gingivitis or the empty interdental embrasure seen in periodontal disease. Healthy gums hold tight to each tooth in that the gingival surface narrows to a "knife-edge" thins at the free gingival margin. On the other hand, inflamed gums have a "puffy" or "rolled" margin. Arcuate (Latin for curved) can refer to: Arcuate fasciculus Arcuate line Arcuate nucleus Arcuate nucleus (medulla) Internal and external arcuate fibers of the brain Arcuate arteries of the kidney Category: ... In dentistry, an embrasure is the area around interproximal contact area. ... The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. ...

Texture

Healthy gingiva has a firm texture that is resistant to movement, and the surface texture often exhibits surface stippling. Unhealthy gingiva, on the other hand, is often swollen and mushy. Photograph of the upper left quandrant, showing teeth #4-8, with a DO amalgam on #5. ...

Reaction to Disturbance

Healthy gums usually have no reaction to normal disturbance such as brushing or periodontal probing. Unhealthy gums on the other hand will show bleeding on probing (BOP) and/or purulent exudate (pus). Bleeding on probing is a term used by dentists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. ... BOP or bop may refer to: bleeding on probing (used by Captain Jack) balance of payments an organised party or club night at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford Bebop, an early modern jazz developed in the 1940s Blowout preventer used in oil and gas drilling acronym for bird of... For the UK punk rock band, see P*U*S. PUS is also the IATA code for Gimhae International Airport. ...

Additional images

See also

Head and neck anatomy is a specialized study of the human body quite frequently studied in depth by surgeons, dentist, and dental technicians. ... Periodontitis, formerly known as Pyorrhea, is the name of a collection of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. ... A gum graft is a generic name for multiple periodontal procedures that all aim to cover an area of severe gum recession with grafted gum tissue. ...

Sources

External links

Categories: Dentistry | Mouth | Periodontology Periodontology is the branch of dentistry concerned with the health of the tooth supporting structures, ie. ... X-Ray picture of two rectangular dental implants inserted into the jaw. ... This article is about the dental profession. ... Biological tissue is a group of cells that perform a similar function. ... PeBold textriodontium is a word of Medical terminology for the specialized tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. ... The alveolar process (processus alveolaris), also referred to as the alveolar bone, is the bone found in the jaws of a mouth containing the socket of teeth. ... Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically. ... Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth. ... The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. ... The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue. ... The junctional epithelium is that epithelium which lies at, and in health also defines, the base of the gingival sulcus. ... The mucogingival junction is the interface between the more apically located alveolar mucosa and the more coronally located attached gingiva of the gingiva. ... // Headline text The periodontal ligaments are considered part of the periodontium, as they are supporting tissue of a tooth. ... The sulcular epithelium is that epithelium which lines the gingival sulcus. ... Photograph of the upper left quandrant, showing teeth #4-8, with a DO amalgam on #5. ... Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral commensal found also in severe infections in the oral cavity, mainly the periodontium. ... Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the Bacteroides genus and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. ... Treponema denticola is a motile and highly proteolytic bacterium. ... A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ... Calculus (dark yellow colour) can be seen on almost all teeth near the gums In dentistry, calculus or tartar refers to hardened plaque on the teeth, formed by the presence of saliva, debris, and minerals. ... Edentulism is is the condition of being completely toothless. ... == Fremitus: Medical Term and Christian Outreach== Medical Term and a Christian Outreach Fremitus is a palpable vibration on the human body. ... Gingival enlargement, the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease. ... A drawing depicting the relationship of a tooth to the surrounding gingival tissue. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Occlusal trauma is a dental term that refers to the damage incurred when teeth are left in traumatic occlusion without proper treatment. ... A drawing depicting the relationship of a tooth to the surrounding gingival tissue. ... Periodontitis a disease involving inflammation of the gums (gingiva), often persisting unnoticed for years or decades in a patient, that results in loss of bone around teeth. ... Improper removal of plaque caused a build up of calculus (dark yellow colour) near the gums on almost all the teeth. ... Receding gums (gingival recession) refers to a loss of gum tissue resulting in an exposure in the roots of the teeth. ... In general, diagnosis (plural diagnoses) has two distinct dictionary definitions. ... Three toothbrushes The toothbrush is an instrument used to clean teeth, consisting of a small brush on a handle. ... Bleeding on probing is a term used by dentists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. ... Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a chemical antiseptic, to combat both gram positive and gram negative microbes. ... Dental hygienist flossing a patients teeth Dental floss is either a bundle of thin nylon filaments or a plastic (teflon or polyethylene) ribbon used to remove food and dental plaque from teeth. ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , ,, , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related compounds Water Ozone Hydrazine Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colourless in... For the Kate Nash song see Mouthwash (song) For the ska-punk band, see Mouthwash (band) Mouthwash or mouth rinse is a product used for oral hygiene. ... Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean in order to prevent cavities (dental caries), gingivitis, periodontitis, bad breath (halitosis), and other dental disorders. ... Tetracycline (INN) (IPA: ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. ... Triclosan (chemically 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a potent wide spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent. ... A periodontal probe is an instrument in dentistry commonly used in the dental armamentarium. ... Debridement is a medical term referring to the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue. ... The objective of scaling and root planing, otherwise known as conventional periodontal therapy, is to remove or eliminate the etiologic agents which cause inflammation: dental plaque, its products and calculus,[1] thus helping to establish a periodontium that is free of disease. ... A bone graft is a surgical procedure where bone is taken from a donor site and placed elsewhere within the patient. ... Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure performed by a dentist to expose a greater height of tooth structure in order to properly restore the tooth prosthetically. ... A gingivectomy is a periodontal surgical procedure which includes the removal of gingival tissue in order to achieve a more esthetic appearance and/or functional contour. ... X-Ray picture of two rectangular dental implants inserted into the jaw. ...

Contents

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