NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Global flood

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Download high resolution version (562x700, 105 KB) The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. This photograph of the work is also in...

The Deluge by Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1855) Paul Gustave Doré (January 6, 1832 - January 23, 1883), a French artist, was born in Strasbourg. He became a book illustrator in Paris and his commissions included work by Rabelais, Balzac and Dante. In 1853 he was asked to illustrate the works of Lord... Gustave Dore

The story of a Great Flood sent by This article focuses on the monotheistic concept of a singular God. See deity or goddesses for details on divine entities in specific religions and mythologies. The term God designates a universal Supreme Being. There are countless variant definitions of God, however. For example: Many religious and philosophic systems consider God... God or This article is about deities or gods from a non-monotheistic perspective. See God for information about the monotheistic entity. A deity or a god, is a postulated supernatural entity, usually, but not always, of significant power, worshipped, thought holy, divine, or sacred, held in high regard, or respected by... gods to destroy For other uses, see Civilization (disambiguation). The Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacan, Mexico. Building projects of this size require the social organization found in civilizations. A civilization or civilisation has a variety of meanings related to human society. The term comes from the Latin civis, meaning citizen or townsman... civilization is a widespread but not universal theme in For the computer game, see Myth (computer game). A myth is often thought to be a lesson in story form which has deep explanatory or symbolic resonance for preliterate cultures, who preserve and cherish the wisdom of their elders through oral traditions by the use of skilled story tellers. Its... myth. The stories of Noah or Nóach (Rest, Standard Hebrew נוֹחַ Nóaḥ, Tiberian Hebrew נֹחַ Nōªḥ; Arabic نوح Nūḥ) is a character from the Book of Genesis who builds an ark to save his family and the world... Noah and For the TV series, see Noahs Arc (TV series). For the chess opening trap, see Noahs Ark Trap. In the Hebrew Bibles account ( Gen. 6-9) of a Deluge, Noahs ark is a boat Noah built at Gods command to keep Noah, his family, and... his ark in This article is about Genesis, the first book of the Hebrew Bible. See Genesis (disambiguation) for other usages of the word. Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin; translated from Hebrew בראשׁית... Genesis, In Hindu mythology, Matsya (Sanskrit for fish) was the first avatar of Vishnu. According to legend, the king Manu was washing his hands in a river when a little fish swam into his hands and begged him to save it. He put it in a jar, which it soon outgrew... Matsya in the The Puranas are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss devotion and mythology. They were written c.400-1000; the eighteen Puranas with six each are rendered to members of the Hindu Trinity, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva and Shakti, Gods Power personified. Perhaps, the best known Purana is... Puranas scriptures of This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). Aum, the most sacred syllable and quintessential symbol of Hinduism, represents the first manifestation of the unmanifest Brahman. Hinduism (सनातन धर्म; commonly called Sanātana Dharma... Hinduism, and Utnapishtim, whose name means he found life or he who saw life, is also known as Atrahasis, meaning the exceptional wise one. In the Akkadian sources, a wise citizen of Shurrupak on the banks of the Euphrates, or Ziusudra in the Sumerian poems. A wise king and priest of Shurrupak... Utnapishtim in the The Deluge tablet of the Gilgamesh epic in Akkadian The Epic of Gilgamesh is from Babylonia, dating from long after the time that king Gilgamesh was supposed to have ruled. It was based on earlier Sumerian legends of Gilgamesh. The most complete version of the epic was preserved on eleven... Epic of Gilgamesh are among the most familiar versions of these myths. A large percentage of the world's cultures past and present have stories of a "great flood" that devastated earlier civilization.

Flood myths in various cultures

Overview map of the Ancient Near East The term Ancient Near East or Ancient Orient encompasses the early civilizations predating Classical Antiquity in the region roughly corresponding to that described by the modern term Egypt, the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia), during the time roughly spanning the Bronze Age from the rise... Ancient Near East

Sumerian (Eridu Genesis & Kings Of Sumer (or Shumer, Sumeria, Shinar, native ki-en-gir) formed the southern part of Mesopotamia from the time of settlement by the Sumerians until the time of Babylonia. Sumerian cuneiform script may pre-date any other form of writing, and dates to no later than about 3500 BC. Early history... Sumer)

In the Eridu Genesis, the flood hero who builds the ark is Ziusudra. Unfortunately, this text is so fragmented that it can not be understood without the other near eastern flood accounts. The Sumerians also referred to a great flood in the The Sumerian king list is an ancient text in the Sumerian language listing kings of Sumer from Sumerian and foreign dynasties. The later Babylonian king list and Assyrian king list were similar. The list records the location of the official kingship and the rulers, with the lengths of their rule... Sumerian king list, a genealogy of Sumerian kings, both mythical and historical.

Babylonian (Gilgamesh Epic)

Deluge Tablet (Babylonian, Gilgamesh) http://www.cts.edu/ImageLibrary/Images/July%2012/delutab.jpg http://www.cts.edu/ImageLibrary/Public_domain.cfm This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. File history Legend...

The "Deluge tablet" (tablet 11) of the Gilgamesh Epic in Akkadian was a language of the Semitic family spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. It used the cuneiform writing system. Dialects Akkadian (lišānum akkadītum) is divided into dialects based on geography and time. 2500 - 1950 Old Akkadian 1950 - 1530 Old Babylonian... Akkadian

In the Babylonian The Deluge tablet of the Gilgamesh epic in Akkadian The Epic of Gilgamesh is from Babylonia, dating from long after the time that king Gilgamesh was supposed to have ruled. It was based on earlier Sumerian legends of Gilgamesh. The most complete version of the epic was preserved on eleven... Epic of Gilgamesh, toward the end of the He who saw the deep version by Sin-liqe-unninn (tablet 11), there are references to a great flood. Gilgamesh, during his search for immortality, meets a man, Utnapishtim, whose name means he found life or he who saw life, is also known as Atrahasis, meaning the exceptional wise one. In the Akkadian sources, a wise citizen of Shurrupak on the banks of the Euphrates, or Ziusudra in the Sumerian poems. A wise king and priest of Shurrupak... Utnapishtim, who had succeeded in attaining such a goal. Utnapishtim goes on to explain how he attained it, that an assembly of gods resolved to destroy mankind by means of a flood. Though the decision was to be kept secret, the god Ea can signify several things. Electronic Arts, EA, the video/computer games company. Eastern Airlines, a defunct US domestic airline. Eastern Airways, a UK domestic airline. Eä, the World that IS of J.R.R. Tolkiens Middle-earth universe. Ea, the Babylonian water deity Éa, of Ursula K. LeGuin... Ea (in the Sumerian account, Enki was a god in the Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea. The main temple to Enki was in Eridu. His symbols included a goat and a fish, which later combined into a single beast, the Capricorn, which became one of the signs of the zodiac. Male presence, god of... Enki) warned Utnapishtim about it and instructed him to build a survival vessel. After the flood, an assembly of gods was called who made Utnapishtim immortal. After the Deluge, Utnapishtim lived on the island of Dilmun (sometimes transliterated Telmun) is associated with ancient sites on the islands of Bahrain in the Persian Gulf. Because of its location along the sea trade routes linking Mesopotamia with the Indus Valley Civilization, Dilmun developed in the Bronze Age, from ca 3000 BCE, into one of the greatest entrepots... Dilmun and had achieved a great age when Gilgamesh sought him out for the secret of Immortality is the concept of existing for a potentially infinite or indeterminate length of time. Throughout history humans have had the desire to live forever. The most commonly conceived form of immortality involves a spiritual existence after physical death. Most people still believe in immortality of this type today. Many... immortality.

Akkadian (Atrahasis Epic)

The Babylonian Atrahasis Epic (written no later than (Redirected from 1700 BC) (18th century BC - 17th century BC - 16th century BC - other centuries) (1690s BC - 1680s BC - 1670s BC - 1660s BC - 1650s BC - 1640s BC - 1630s BC - 1620s BC - 1610s BC - 1600s BC - 1590s BC - other decades) (3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) Events 1700... 1700 BC), gives human overpopulation as the cause for the great flood. After 1200 years of human fertility, the god Enlil was the name of a chief deity in Babylonian religion, perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian. The name is Sumerian and has been believed to mean Lord Wind though that is debated. Enlil was the god of wind, or the sky between earth... Enlil felt disturbed in his sleep due to the noise and ruckus caused by the growing population of mankind. He turned for help to the divine assembly who then sent a plague, then a drought, then a famine, and then saline For the heavy metal band see Soil (band) Soil is the layer of minerals and organic matter, in thickness from centimetres to a metre or more, on the land surface. Its main components are mineral matter, organic matter, moisture, and air. Soils differ in the ratio of these components. Modern... soil, all in an attempt to reduce the numbers of mankind. All these were temporary fixes. 1200 years after each solution, the original problem returned. When the gods decided on a final solution, to send a flood, the god Enki, who had a moral objection to this solution, disclosed the plan to Atrahasis, who then built a survival vessel according to divinely given measurements.

To prevent the other gods from bringing such another harsh calamity, Enki created new solutions in the form of social phenomena such as non-marrying women, barrenness, miscarriages and infant mortality, to help keep the population from growing out of control.

Chaldean

The God Chronos warned Xisuthrus of a coming flood, and Chronos ordered Xisuthrus to write a history and to build a boat measuring 5 stadia by 2 stadia to carry his relations, friends, and two of every kind of animal. The flood came, rose, and killed everyone except those in the boat. After the floodwaters subsided, Xisuthrus sent birds out from the boat, and all of them returned. He sent them out a second time, and they returned with their feet covered in mud. He sent them out a third time, and the birds didn't return. The people left the boat and offered sacrifices to the Gods. Xisuthrus, his wife, daughter, and the pilot of the boat were transported to live with the Gods.

Hebrew (Genesis)

Further information about the genesis version can be found at Noah or Nóach (Rest, Standard Hebrew נוֹחַ Nóaḥ, Tiberian Hebrew נֹחַ Nōªḥ; Arabic نوح Nūḥ) is a character from the Book of Genesis who builds an ark to save his family and the world... Noah and For the TV series, see Noahs Arc (TV series). For the chess opening trap, see Noahs Ark Trap. In the Hebrew Bibles account ( Gen. 6-9) of a Deluge, Noahs ark is a boat Noah built at Gods command to keep Noah, his family, and... Noah's Ark.

According to the story of Noah's Ark in This article is about Genesis, the first book of the Hebrew Bible. See Genesis (disambiguation) for other usages of the word. Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin; translated from Hebrew בראשׁית... Genesis, several generations after mankind left The various meanings of Eden: Garden of Eden Eden programming language Eden is the name of a film. Anthony Eden - British Prime Minister Eden Prairie, Minnesota Eden Project, Cornwall Eden Foundation, Sweden Eden is the name of an Israeli singer Eden is a club in Ibiza Eden is a novel... Eden, they had become corrupt, full of violence and theft. This article focuses on the monotheistic concept of a singular God. See deity or goddesses for details on divine entities in specific religions and mythologies. The term God designates a universal Supreme Being. There are countless variant definitions of God, however. For example: Many religious and philosophic systems consider God... God came to regret having made them and God decided to bring a flood to wipe out the violence. God found only one just man on the Earth, Noah. So God told Noah to build an ark of particular size and design, and to bring his wife, his three sons See Sem, France and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) for other uses. Shem (שֵׁם Name; renown; prosperity, Standard Hebrew Šem, Tiberian Hebrew Šēm; Greek Σημ, Sēm) was one of the sons of Noah in the Bible. He is most popularly regarded... Shem, Ham (חם, Standard Hebrew Ḥam, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥām: possibly Warm; hot or Egyptian Black) was a son of Noah and the father of Punt (sometimes Put), Mizraim, Canaan and Cush. David Rohl has identified his nation with the Poeni of Punt. Many associate the Egyptian God... Ham, and Japheth (יֶפֶת / יָפֶת Enlarge, Standard Hebrew Yéfet / Yáfet, Tiberian Hebrew Yép̄eṯ / Yāp̄eṯ) is one of the sons of Noah in the Bible. He is most popularly regarded as... Japheth, and their wives, as well as clean animals and birds by sevens, male and mate, along with 2 of each unclean animal, male and mate into the ark (versions differ as to whether this means seven individuals or seven pairs), with all necessary food and seedlings so mankind and the earth could begin again with a clean slate. In the 600th year of Noah's life, 1656 years after creating This article is about the biblical Adam and Eve. For other uses, see Adam (disambiguation) and Eve (disambiguation) According to the Book of Genesis of the Bible and to the Quran, Adam was the first man created by God. Adams mate, Eve or Hava was either created from his... Adam, God sent the flood. According to the account, the rains lasted 40 days, and the waters covered the earth for 150 days. On the seventeenth day of the month, the ark came to rest upon the mountains of Ar'arat, and in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen. In the six hundred and first year, in the first month, the first day of the month of Noah's life, the face of the Earth was dry. And in the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry, and God instructed Noah to leave the ark.

After the flood, Noah sacrificed from the pure animals and God swore to himself to never again wreak his vengeance on the Earth as a whole, since man is born with an evil inclination from youth and God commits himself to maintaining the rules of nature. God gave Noah this Covenant, in its most general sense, is a word for a solemn contract or similar undertaking. Under the common law a covenant was distinguished from an ordinary contract by the presence of a seal. Because the presence of a seal indicated an unusual solemnity in the promises made in a... covenant, whereby people were given dominance over all animals and were now permitted to eat meat for the first time but not with its life still in it, and instructed to spread over the earth, but under a new law: that if a man spill another man's blood, his own blood must be spilt. God uses the This article is about the optical and meteorological phenomenon. For other uses: see Rainbow (disambiguation). A rainbow arches over the gardens at the Canada pavilion at Epcot in Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States. A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a (nearly) continuous... rainbow in the This article is about clouds in meteorology. For the musical concept of clouds, see Cloud (music). For the Final Fantasy VII character, see Cloud Strife. This article or section should include material from Cloud Types. Cumulus of fair weather A cloud is a visible mass of condensed water droplets or... clouds to Seal or SEAL can refer to: Seal, a device used to produce an official stamp as a symbol of authority. Origin: Latin `sigillum = small symbol. Seal: a deposit of (usually) sealing wax on a document: fastening it closed and/or with a seal stamp impression on it. Seal, a mechanical... seal and remind future generations of this everlasting covenant.

Greek

" Alternate meanings: See Zeus Web Server Statue of Zeus The Greek sculptor Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall Statue of Zeus in about 435 bc. The statue stood in Olympia, and was perhaps the most famous sculpture in ancient Greece. Phidias made the god’s robe and... Zeus sent a flood to destroy the men of the Bronze Age. This article is about the mythological figure. For the moon of Saturn, see Prometheus (moon), for the fictional attack vessel from Star Trek, see Prometheus class starship, for the fictional vessel in Stargate SG-1, see USAF vessel Prometheus, for NASAs nuclear propulsion program, see Project Prometheus, for the... Prometheus advised his son In Greek mythology, Deucalion, or Deukálion (new-wine sailor) was the son of Prometheus and Clymene or Celaeno. When the wrath of Zeus was ignited against the whole of the Pelasgians, the original pre-Hellenic inhabitants of Greece, Zeus decided to bring an end to the Golden Age with... Deucalion to build a chest. All other men perished except for a few who escaped to high mountains. The mountains in Thessaly were parted, and all the world beyond the Isthmus and Peloponnese was overwhelmed. Deucalion and his wife In Greek mythology, Pyrrha was the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora and wife of Deucalion. When Zeus decided to end the Golden Age with the great deluge, Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrha, were the only survivors. Prometheus told his son, Deucalion, to build an ark and, thus, they survived. During... Pyrrha (daughter of Epimetheus may mean one of several things: Epimetheus the Titan. Epimetheus the moon of Saturn. 1810 Epimetheus is an asteroid. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want... Epimetheus and Pandora may stand for: the Greek myth, see Pandora (mythology), and the associated expression: Pandoras box. the Saturn moon; see Pandora (moon) the asteroid 55 Pandora several vessels of the Royal Navy named HMS Pandora the Swedish europop star Anneli Magnusson a plucked, six-stringed bass instrument invented in... Pandora), after floating in the chest for nine days and nights, landed on Mount Parnassus (also Mount Parnassos) is a mountain in central Greece that towers above Delphi. According to Greek mythology, this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the home of the Muses. Mount Parnassus was once the name of the existing Mount Sutro in San Francisco, California. It was renamed to... Parnassus. When the rains ceased, he sacrificed to Zeus, the God of Escape. At the bidding of Zeus, he threw stones over his head; they became men, and the stones which Pyrrha threw became women. That is why people are called laoi, from laas, "a stone." – Apollodorus. The Library, Sir James G. Frazer (transl.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1921, 1976.[1] (http://home.earthlink.net/~misaak/floods.htm#Apollodorus)

An older version of the story told by Hellanicus has Deucalion's "ark" landing on Mountain in Central Greece, at the southern part of Magnesia. In Greek mythology Mount Othrys was the base of the Titans during the ten year war with the Olympian Gods known as the Titanomachy. Categories: Mythology stubs | Mountains in Greece ... Mount Othrys in Thessaly (Θεσσαλια; modern Greek Thessalía) is one of the 13 peripheries of Greece, and is further sub-divided into 4 prefectures. The capital of the periphery is Larissa. The prefecture lies in central Greece and borders Macedonia on the north, Epirus on... Thessaly. Another account has him landing on a peak, probably Phouka, in History: From 1833 to 1899, the prefecture was Argolidocorinthia and included Hydra, Spetses and Kythira. It joined Corinthia to form Argolidocorinthia again in 1909. Forty years later, in 1949, the prefecture was finally separated from Corinthia, then Argolidocorinthia. In early 1998, a flash flood carrying muddy water in the valley... Argolis, later called Nemea. The Megarians told that Megarus, son of Zeus, escaped Deucalion's flood by swimming to the top of Mount Gerania, guided by the cries of Genera Grus Anthropoides Balearica Bugeranus Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds of the order Gruiformes, and family Gruidae. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or dances. They mate for life. Some... Cranes. An earlier flood was reported to have occurred in the time of In Greek mythology, King Ogyges was the first king of Thebes in Boeotia (or of Attica, according to some competing legends). He was the husband of Thebe and father of Aulis. His descent is uncertain, some legends claiming him as the son of either Cadmus or Poseidon, others claiming him... Ogyges, founder and king of For the ancient capital of Upper Egypt, see Thebes, Egypt. Thebes (Θῆβαι Thívai) is a city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range, which divides Boeotia from Attica, and on the southern edge of the Boeotian plain. In ancient times it was... Thebes. The flood covered the whole world and was so devastating that the country remained without kings until the reign of Cecrops. – Gaster, Theodor H. Myth, Legend, and Custom in the Old Testament, Harper & Row, New York, 1969.[2] (http://home.earthlink.net/~misaak/floods.htm#Gaster)

The Timaeus (c. 345—c. 250 BC), Greek historian, was born at Tauromenium in Sicily. Driven out by Agathocles, he migrated to Athens, where be studied rhetoric under a pupil of Isocrates and lived for fifty years. During the reign of Hiero II he returned to Sicily (probably to Syracuse... Timaeus of For the computing technology, see PLATO System. Plato (Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn) (c. 427 BC – c. 347 BC) was an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, writer, and founder of the Academy in Athens. Plato, a philodorian... Plato refers to the "great deluge of all" and the Critias, a dialogue of Platos, speaks about a variety of subjects. In it, Plato mentions that 9000 years previously, the Athenians, due to their ordered society had been succesful in defeating the mighty empire of Atlantis. Atlantis was a large continent sized body of land larger than Asia and... Critias refers to the "great destruction of Deucelion." In addition, the texts report that "many great deluges have taken place during the nine thousand years" since Athens and An artistic rendition of an imaginary Atlantis Atlantis was a legendary ancient culture and island, whose existence and location have never been confirmed. The first mentions we have are from the classical Greek philosopher Plato, who said that it was destroyed by a natural disaster (possibly an earthquake or tsunami... Atlantis were preeminent. Destruction by fire and other catastrophes was also common. In these floods, water rose from below, destroying city dwellers but not mountain people. The floods, especially the third great flood before Deucalion, washed away most of Athens' fertile soil. – Plato, "Timaeus" 22, "Critias" 111-112

Scandinavia

In Norse mythology, Viking mythology or Scandinavian mythology refer to the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people. It is the best-known version of the older common Germanic mythology, which also includes the closely related Anglo-Saxon mythology. Germanic mythology, in its turn, had evolved from an... Norse mythology, In Norse mythology, Bergelmir was a son of Thrudgelmir. He and his wife were the only frost giants to survive the deluge of Bergelmirs grandfathers (Ymir) blood. They crawled into a hollow tree trunk and survived, then founded a new race of frost giants. Categories: Norse giants ... Bergelmir was a son of In Norse mythology, Thrudgelmir, the frost giant, was the son of Ymir and father of Bergelmir. He died when his father was killed, drowning in the blood. The only survivors were Bergelmir and his wife. Categories: Norse giants ... Thrudgelmir. He and his wife were the only In Norse mythology, Jotuns, Jötunn or Jotnar of Utgard, Jötunnheim were the race of Gods called giants (thurs), separated into categories such as frost giants (rime giants, hrimthurs), fire giants, sea giants and storm giants. The first race drowned in Ymirs blood, and were repopulated by Bergelmir... frost giants to survive the deluge of Bergelmir's grandfather's ( In Norse mythology, Ymir was the founder of the race of frost giants and an important figure in Norse cosmology. He formed from the ice of Niflheim, where it met with Muspels heat and melted. Giants came forth from Ymirs body while he slept. His legs spawned a... Ymir) blood, when For other meanings of Odin and Wotan see Odin (disambiguation) Odin (Old Norse Óðinn, Swedish Oden) is usually considered the supreme god of Germanic and Norse mythology. His role, like many of the Norse pantheon, is complex: he is god of both wisdom and war, much like the Greek goddess... Odin and his brothers ( For the Gabonese people, see Vili (people). In Norse mythology, Vili was one of the Aesir and a son of Bestla and Bor. His brothers were Ve and Odin. He was known for having given humanity emotion and intelligence. According to Loki, in Lokasenna, he had an affair with Odin... Vili/Hönir and For other meanings of Ve, see Ve (disambiguation). In Norse mythology, Ve was one of the Aesir and a son of Bestla and Bor. His brothers were Vili and Odin. He was known for having given humanity the powers of speech and their external senses. According to Loki, in Lokasenna... Ve/ For other meanings of Ve, see Ve (disambiguation). In Norse mythology, Ve was one of the Aesir and a son of Bestla and Bor. His brothers were Vili and Odin. He was known for having given humanity the powers of speech and their external senses. According to Loki, in Lokasenna... Lodur) butchered him. They crawled into a hollow tree trunk and survived, then founded a new race of frost giants.

Americas

The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. This article deals with the historical Aztec civilization, not with modern_day Nahuatl speakers. The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th century. It was... Aztec

There are several variants of the The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. This article deals with the historical Aztec civilization, not with modern_day Nahuatl speakers. The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th century. It was... Aztec story, many of them are questionable in accuracy or authenticity.

A pious man named Tapi lived in the valley of The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by... Mexico. The Creator told him to build a boat and to take his wife and a pair of every animal that existed into the boat. His neighbors mocked him for his foolishness. After he finished the boat, it began to rain, flooding the valley; men and animals tried to escape in the mountains, but the flood reached to the mountains and drowned them. The rain ended, and the waters receded. Tapi sent out a dove, and rejoiced to find that it did not return, meaning that the ground had dried and he, his wife, and the animals could leave the boat. -- No Source

When the Sun Age came, there had passed 400 years. Then came 200 years, then 76. Then all mankind was lost and drowned and turned to fishes. The water and the sky drew near each other. In a single day all was lost, and Four Flower consumed all that there was of our flesh. The very mountains were swallowed up in the flood, and the waters remained, lying tranquil during fifty and two springs. But before the flood began, Titlachahuan had warned the man Nota and his wife Nena, saying, 'Make no more pulque, but hollow a great cypress, into which you shall enter the month Tozoztli. The waters shall near the sky.' They entered, and when Titlacahuan had shut them in he said to the man, 'Thou shalt eat but a single ear of maize, and thy wife but one also'. And when they had each eaten one ear of maize, they prepared to go forth, for the water was tranquil." -- Ancient Aztec document Codex Chimalpopoca, translated by Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg. [3] (http://www.noahsarkzoofarm.co.uk/research/centralamerica.shtml)

These Aztec translations are controversial. Many have no credible source and there is no proof of their authenticity. Some are based off the pictograph story of Coxcox, but other translations of this pictograph mentions nothing of a flood. Most significantly, the time that these myths were heard from the local people was well after missionaries entered the region. [4] (http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/6040/flood20.htm)

Inca

Among the For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). A view of Machu Picchu, the Lost City of the Inca, now an archaelogical site. The Inca Empire (called Tawantinsuyu in modern spelling Aymara and Quechua, or Tahuantinsuyu in old spelling Quechua) was an empire located in South America from 1438 CE... Inca, In Inca mythology, Can Tici Viracocha (Kun Tiqsi Wiraqucha in Quechua) was the creator of civilization, and one of the most important deities in the Inca canon. In one legend he had one son, Inti, and one daughter, Mama Quilla. In this legend, he destroyed the people around Lake Titicaca... Viracocha destroyed the giants with a Great Flood, and two people repopulated the earth. Uniquely, they survived in sealed caves. In Maya mythology refers to the pre-Columbian Maya civilizations extensive polytheistic religious beliefs. These Mesoamerican people followed their religion from over 3,000 years ago until the 9th century, and some stories continue to be told by modern day Maya people as folk tales. Only three complete Maya texts... Maya mythology, In Maya mythology, Huracan (one legged) was a wind, storm and fire god and one of the creator deities who participated in all three attempts at creating humanity. He also caused the Great Flood after the first humans angered the gods. He supposedly lived in the windy mists above the... Huracan ("one-legged") was a wind and storm god caused the Great Flood after the first humans angered the gods. He supposedly lived in the windy mists above the floodwaters and spoke "earth" until land came up again from the seas.

Part of a Hopi pueblo Hopi refers to a Native American nation who primarily live on the 1.5 million acre (6,000 km²) Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. The reservation is surrounded by the Navajo reservation. A few Hopi live on the Colorado River Indian Reservation, on the Colorado... Hopi

The people moved away from Sotuknang, the creator, repeatedly. He destroyed the world by fire, and then by cold, and recreated it both times for the people that still followed the laws of creation, who survived by hiding underground. People became corrupt and warlike a third time. As a result, Sotuknang guided the people to Spider Woman, and she cut down giant reeds and sheltered the people in the hollow stems. Sotuknang then caused a great flood, and the people floated atop the water in their reeds. The reeds came to rest on a small piece of land, and the people emerged, with as much food as they started with. The people traveled on in their canoes, guided by their inner wisdom (which, it is said comes from Sotuknang through the door at the top of their head). They travelled to the northeast, passing progressively larger islands, until they came to the Fourth World. When they reached the fourth world, the islands sank into the ocean.

The Caddo are a nation, or group of tribes, of Native Americans who, in the 16th century, inhabited much of what is now East Texas, Western Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. The Caddo historically consisted of three confederacies of at least twenty five different tribes and spoke... Caddo

Four monsters grew in size and power until they touched the sky. At that time, a man heard a voice telling him to plant a hollow reed. He did so, and the reed grew very big very quickly. The man entered the reed with his wife and pairs of all good animals. Waters rose, and covered everything but the top of the reed and the heads of the monsters. A turtle then killed the monsters by digging under them and uprooting them. The waters subsided, and winds dried the earth.

India

In This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). Aum, the most sacred syllable and quintessential symbol of Hinduism, represents the first manifestation of the unmanifest Brahman. Hinduism (सनातन धर्म; commonly called Sanātana Dharma... Hindu scriptures (the The Puranas are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss devotion and mythology. They were written c.400-1000; the eighteen Puranas with six each are rendered to members of the Hindu Trinity, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva and Shakti, Gods Power personified. Perhaps, the best known Purana is... Puranas, and Shatapatha Brahmana (Brahmana of one-hundred paths) is one of the prose texts describing the Vedic ritual. It belongs to the White Yajurveda school. Hindu scholars have dated it to 1800 BC or so based on the reference in it of migration from the Sarasvati river area to east India... Shatapatha Brahmana, I, 8, 1-6), an See Avatar (disambiguation) for other meanings. In Hinduism, an Avatar is defined as the incarnation (bodily manifestation) of an Immortal Being, or of the Ultimate Supreme Being. It derives from the Sanskrit word Avatara which means descent and usually implies a deliberate descent into mortal realms for special purposes. The... avatar of Vishnu (Hindi: (विष्‍णु) is a form of God, whom Hindus pray to. For Vaishnavites, He is the only Ultimate Reality or God. In Trimurti belief, He is the second aspect of God in the Trimurti (also called the Hindu Trinity), along with Brahma and... Vishnu in the form of a fish, In Hindu mythology, Matsya (Sanskrit for fish) was the first avatar of Vishnu. According to legend, the king Manu was washing his hands in a river when a little fish swam into his hands and begged him to save it. He put it in a jar, which it soon outgrew... Matsya, warned Manu has several meanings: A title in Hindu mythology; see Manu (Hinduism) The Manu River in Peru The Manu National Park national biosphere reserve, also in Peru Manu, capital of the Manu province in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. Manu is the Maori word for a bird. Manu... Manu of a terrible flood that was to come and that it would wash away all living things. Manu cared for the fish and eventually released it in the sea. There the fish cautioned Manu to build a boat. He did so, and when the flood arrived, the fish towed the ship to safety by a cable attached to his horn.

The Great Wall of China, stretching over 6,700 km, was erected beginning in the 3rd century BC to guard the north from raids by men on horses. China listen? ( Traditional: 中國; Simplified: 中国; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) is a nation located chiefly in continental East... China

In Chinese ancient mythology Shan Hai Jing, the ancient Chinese ruler In the television series Stargate SG-1, Yu is portrayed as a Goauld System Lord. See Yu (Stargate). Yu (often called Da Yu 大禹 Yu the Great) was a legendary Emperor of the Xia Dynasty, occasionally identified as one of The Three August Ones and the Five Emperors... Da Yu (Yu the great) spent ten years to control a deluge which swept out most of the ancient China at that time. He was aided by the goddess Nu Wa who literally "fixed" the "broken" sky through which huge rains were pouring.

Batak designates two distinct peoples, one living in Indonesia, the other in the Philippines. Both speak languages of the Austronesian family. Batak (Indonesia) Batak (Philippines) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred... Batak, Indonesia

The earth rests on a giant snake, Naga-Padoha. One day, the snake tired of its burden and shook the Earth off into the sea. However, the God Batara-Guru saved his daughter by sending a mountain into the sea, and the entire human race descended from her. The Earth was later placed back onto the head of the snake.

Although many of the manuscripts containing texts relating to Irish mythology have failed to survive, and much more material was probably never committed to writing, there is enough remaining to enable the identification of four distinct, if overlapping, cycles: the Mythological Cycle, The Ulster Cycle, the Fenian Cycle and the... Ireland

According to the apocryphal history of Ireland Lebor Gabála Érenn, the first inhabitants of Ireland, led by Noah's granddaughter Cessair were all except one wiped out by a flood 40 days after reaching the island. Later, after Panthalon's and Nemed's people reached the island, another flood rose and killed all but thirty of the inhabitants, who scattered across the world.

Theories of origin

Some geologists believe that quite dramatic, greater than normal At the most recent glacial maximum, so much of the planets water was locked up in the vast ice-sheets that formed ice domes kilometres thick, that the sea level dropped by about 120 to 130 metres. As the sheets melted, starting around 18,000 years ago, sea levels... flooding of these rivers in the distant past might have influenced the myths. One of the latest, and quite controversial, theories of this type is the The Black Sea deluge is a hypothesized prehistoric flood that occurred when the Black Sea rapidly filled, possibly forming the basis for some Great Flood myths. The theory made headlines when it surfaced in The New York Times December 1996. In 1998, William Ryan and Walter Pitman, geologists from Columbia... Ryan-Pitman Theory, which argues for a catastrophic deluge about (7th millennium BC – 6th millennium BC – 5th millennium BC – other millennia) Events c. 5760 BC – The volcano Puy_de_Dome erupts. circa 5600 BC – According to the Black Sea deluge theory, the Black Sea floods with salt water. Some 3000 cubic miles (12,500 km³) of salt... 5600 BC from the -1... Mediterranean Sea into the Black Sea - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ Black Sea From Wikipedia Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an... Black Sea. Many other prehistoric geologic events, including The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. A tsunami (pronounced or ) is a natural phenomenon consisting of a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and large meteorite impacts... tsunamis, have also been advanced as possible foundations for these myths. For example, some have asserted that the original versions of the Greek myth of Deukalion's flood likely originated from the effects of the A megatsunami is a term used by the popular media to describe very large tsunamis. There is no scientific definition of a megatsunami, but informally the term has been used for tsunamis with waves of height from 40 m to over 100 m (a normal tsunami is typically no more... megatsunami created by the eruption of View from the top of Thira Santorini is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, 75 km south-east of the Greek mainland, (latitude: 35.25N - longitude: 25.20E). It is also known by the name of the largest island in the archipelago, Thira or... Thera in the 18th-15th BC may stand for: Before Christ (see Anno Domini) : an abbreviation used to refer to a year before the beginning of the year count that starts with the supposed year of the birth of Jesus. Applies to years before AD 1. British Columbia : Province of Canada. B.C... BC [5] (http://www.mystae.com/restricted/streams/thera/thera.html) More speculatively, some have suggested that flood myths could have arisen from folk stories of the huge rise in sea levels that accompanied the end of the last Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). For the band, see Ice Age (band). An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earths climate, resulting... Ice Age some 10,000 years ago, passed down the generations as an Oral history is an account of something passed down by word of mouth from one generation to another. Oral history is considered by some historians to be an unreliable source for the study of history. However, oral history is a valid means for preserving and transmitting history. Experience within literate... oral history.

Most biblical archeologists consider the story of Noah's flood to be legend or myth. Many Christians, Muslims and Jews accept the deluge story as an allegory intended to convey meaning, not historical fact. On the other hand, most traditional orthodox Jews and Muslims, as well as many Christians, regard it as historical fact. They claim that the large number of flood myths between many cultures suggests that they originated from a common, historical event. They claim further that the text of the Genesis account is unique among the flood myths, due to what they perceive to be a high degree of detail, including specific dates for the events of the flood, specific dimensions and design of the ark, detailed genealogies before and after, and an objective and historical textual style. Flood geology is an effort to explain the worlds geological features with reference to the Flood in the Biblical account of Genesis. Flood geology is closely linked with Creationism. Until the early 19th century, the dominant scientific idea was somewhat similar to what is now called Flood Geology. Following... Flood geology, a subset of Creationism is generally the belief that the universe was created by a deity, or alternatively by one or more powerful and intelligent beings. In Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Australia, and the Middle East, the Creator is usually held to be the God of the Abrahamic religions, who, creationists... Creationism, contends that the myths from various cultures are corrupted memories of an historical global deluge, which it argues is depicted most accurately in the book of Genesis.

Most scholars of mythology believe that the Genesis myth is actually a later version of the story, which was based upon earlier Mesopotamia ( Greek: Μεσοποταμία, translated from Old Persian Miyanrudan the Land between the Rivers or the Aramaic name Beth-Nahrin two rivers) is a region of Southwest Asia. Strictly speaking, it is the alluvial plain lying between the Tigris and Euphrates... Mesopotamian myths. They strongly dispute the idea that the Genesis myth has features that would date it to a more earlier version, and argue that the various claimed points of uniqueness in the Biblical tale are actually quite common in the other versions of the myths as well. Instead of trying to find cataclysmatic real life floods to explain these stories, these experts point out that early civilized cultures lived in the fertile Flood Plain along Lynches River Johnsonville, South Carolina Showing high water mark on tupelo and cypress trees In geography, a flood plain is a plain formed of sediment, typically dropped by a river. When the slope down which a river runs has become very slight, it is unable to carry... flood plains along river basins such as the There is also Nile, a death metal band from South Carolina, USA. The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin... Nile in The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Mişr or Maşr, in Egyptian dialect) is a republic mostly located in northeastern Africa. Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², it includes the Sinai Peninsula (considered part of... Egypt and the The Tigris (Old Persian: Tigr, Syriac Aramaic: Deqlath, Arabic: دجلة, Dijla, Turkish: Dicle; biblical Hiddekil) is the eastern member of the pair of great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of Anatolia through Iraq. (Indeed, the name Mesopotamia is a... Tigris- The Euphrates (the traditional Greek name for the river, which is in Old Persian Ufrat, Aramaic Prâth/Frot, in Arabic الفرات, in Turkish Fırat and in ancient Assyrian language Pu-rat-tu) is the westernmost of the two great rivers that define... Euphrates river basin of Mesopotamia (in present day The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. Its current leadership... Iraq). It is not unusual that such peoples would have deep memories of floods and have developed mythologies surrounding floods as it was an integral part of their lives. To these ancient groups, a flood that covered the world as they knew it could simply be what is considered minor local flooding these days instead of literally the entire planet. The scholars point out that most cultures that lived in areas where flooding is less likely to occur did not have any flood myths of their own. These facts, added to the natural human tendency to make stories more dramatic than they originally started as, are all the points most mythology scholars feel is necessary to explain how myths of world-destroying cataclysmatic floods evolved.

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