Upton's Golliwogg and friends in The Adventures of two Dutch Dolls And A Golliwogg, published in 1895. Most often shown in children's books, it was often described as "a horrid sight, the blackest gnome."

The "Golliwogg" (later "Golliwog") is a rag doll-like, children's literary character created by Florence Kate Upton in the late 19th century. The Golliwogg was inspired by a blackface minstrel doll Upton had as a child in America. At one point it was very popular in Europe and as a result has become a collector's item. However, the image of the doll has become the subject of heated debate. One aspect of the debate in its favour argues that it should be preserved and passed on as a cherished cultural artifact and childhood tradition, while opponents argue it should be retired as a relic of an earlier time when racism against black people was blatant. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... A rag doll is a cloth doll, typically home-made from (and stuffed with) spare scraps of material. ... The child of English parents, Upton and her family moved to England when she was fourteen. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial... Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

History

Cover of The Three Golliwogs, by Enid Blyton.

Upton moved to England with her family when she was fourteen. There she spent several years drawing and developing her artistic skills. In order to afford tuition to art school, she illustrated a children's book entitled The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg. The 1895 book included a character named the "Golliwogg", who was first described as "a horrid sight, the blackest gnome", but who quickly turned out to be a friendly character, and is later attributed with a "kind face". A product of the blackface minstrel tradition, the character was classic "darkie" iconography. The Golliwogg had jet black skin; bright, red lips; and wild, woolly hair. He sported red trousers, a shirt with a stiff collar, red bow-tie, and a blue jacket with tails — all traditional minstrel attire. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1652x2400, 223 KB) Summary Cover of The Three Golliwogs, by Enid Blyton, copyright George Newnes Limited 1969, published by Dean and Son, London. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1652x2400, 223 KB) Summary Cover of The Three Golliwogs, by Enid Blyton, copyright George Newnes Limited 1969, published by Dean and Son, London. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the mythical creature. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ...

Upton's book and its many sequels were extremely successful in England, largely because of the popularity of the Golliwogg, which became the generic name for dolls and images of a similar type, spelt "golliwog". The golliwog doll became a popular children's toy throughout most of the 20th century, and was incorporated into many aspects of British commerce and culture; for instance, some of Enid Blyton's books feature them, often as a villain and sometimes as heroes. Upton's Golliwogg was jovial and friendly, but some later golliwogs would be sinister or menacing characters. "The Black and White Minstrel Show", a blackface musical show which ran for many seasons on UK television and stage, had performers of all races blacked up more as golliwogs, with white-ringed eyes, as in the original Minstrel show tradition. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Enid Mary Blyton (August 11, 1897–November 28, 1968) was a popular English childrens writer. ... This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ...

The golliwog contributed enormously to the spread of 'darky' iconography in Europe. It also made its way back across the Atlantic in the form of children's literature, dolls, children's china and other toys, ladies' perfume, and jewellery. The Atlantic Ocean, not including Arctic and Antarctic regions. ...

Florence Kate Upton's Golliwogg in formal minstrel attire in Golliwogg and friends in 1895.

British jam manufacturer James Robertson & Sons used a golliwog called Golly as its mascot from 1910, after John Robertson apparently saw children playing with golliwog dolls in America. Robertson's started producing promotional Golliwog badges in the 1920s, which could be obtained in exchange for tokens gained from their products. In 1983, the company's products were boycotted by the Greater London Council as offensive, and in 1988 the character ceased to be used in television advertising. The company used to give away golliwog badges making up different sets, such as playing jazz instruments, or with sports equipment, or other such themes. The badge collection scheme was retired in 2001. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... Jam from berries Jam (also known as jelly or preserves) is a type of sweet spread or condiment made with fruits or sometimes vegetables, sugar, and sometimes pectin if the fruits natural pectin content is insufficient to produce a thick product. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Look up Boycott in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Arms of the Greater London Council The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Advert redirects here. ...

Robertson now denies any link between Golliwoggs and black people — in a statement reported by the BBC. Virginia (Ginny) C Knox, previously brand director for Robertson's and now Chief Operating Officer of the Culinary Brands Division of RHM, told the Herald Newspaper in Scotland in 2001 that the decision to remove the Golly (Golliwogg) symbol from Robertson's jam and marmalade jars was taken after research found that children were not familiar with the character, although it still appealed to the older generations. "We sell 45 million jars of jam and marmalade each year and they have pretty much all got Golly on them," said Ms Knox. "We also sell 250,000 Golly badges to collectors and only get 10 letters a year from people who don't like the Golliwogg image".^[1]. Today, Robertson's Golliwog badges remain highly collectible, with the very rarest sometimes selling for more than £1,000, and even comparatively common and recent badges being worth £2.00–£3.00. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

After the publication of Upton's first book, the term "golliwogg" was used both as a reference to the children's toy and as a generic, racist term for blacks. In Britain and its colonies, "golliwogg" perhaps became "wog" a racial slur applied to dark-skinned peoples worldwide, including Africans, Italians and other Mediterranean people, Native Americans, Middle Easterners, Hispanics, Aborigines, and Indians. ^[2] Look up black in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about a type of political territory. ... Look up Wog in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Terms of disparagement are pejorative terms such as yid, kike, nigger, whore, slut, fag and queer whose use usually arouses painful feelings in the target, members of the targeted group or sympathizers. ... World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Native Americans redirects here. ... The traditional Middle East and the G8s Greater Middle East. ... Hispanic, as used in the United States, is one of several terms used to categorize US citizens, permanent residents and temporary immigrants, whose background hail either from the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America or relating to a Spanish-speaking culture. ... Language(s) Several hundred Indigenous Australian languages (many extinct or nearly so), Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, Torres Strait Creole, Kriol Religion(s) Primarily Christian, with minorities of other religions including various forms of Traditional belief systems based around the Dreamtime Related ethnic groups see List of Indigenous Australian group...

In the 1950s, issues of Rainbow (comic) (and its spin-off, Tiger Tim) featured short strips of a venue called "Darkie-town". Although the strips had black police officers and interacted with white characters with little to no offensive language from either party, speech bubbles did show the "Darkie-town" natives talk in stereotypical Caribbean-like accents. Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the ethnic group, see White people. ... West Indies redirects here. ...

In the early 1980s, revised editions of Enid Blyton's Noddy books replaced Mr. Golly, the golliwogg proprietor of the Toytown garage, with Mr. Sparks, to the outrage of many parents of a generation who identified it as racist iconoclasm. The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... Enid Mary Blyton (August 11, 1897–November 28, 1968) was a popular English childrens writer. ... For other uses, see Noddy (disambiguation). ...

In September, 2007, retail chain Zara (clothing) put a T-shirt on sale in its UK stores with a Gollywog-looking little girl printed in the front. The design spurred controversy, coming only weeks after the company had been forced to pull a swastika-emblazoned bag from its shelves.^[3] A Zara store in ifc, Central, Hong Kong. ...

Miscellaneous uses

• A Golliwog doll was used in the BBC/HBO show Extras when Maggie Jacobs finds herself in the awkward situation of her new boyfriend (a black man) seeing it. He leaves after she puts on a show of the Golliwog and another doll (resembling Barbie) making out.

Not to be confused with Extra (TV series). ... Maggie Jacobs is a fictional actor portrayed by Ashley Jensen on the BBC-HBO television comedy series Extras, written by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant. ... Information Occupation See: Barbies careers Family See: List of Barbies friends and family Created by Ruth Handler Barbie is a best-selling fashion doll launched in 1959. ...

Other meanings

• "Golliwog" was World War II British naval slang for a Gauloise cigarette, which had tobacco which was nearly black in colour.^[4]
• The American rock group Creedence Clearwater Revival was known as "The Golliwogs" and under this name they released a number of singles on the Fantasy label before they rose to prominence. Golliwog is also a Slovenian punkrock/hardcore band.
• In unofficial military parlance of some countries which has become less common nowadays, the term "golliwog" was used to indicate a piece of equipment that has been tuned, upgraded, and possibly customised to the point where it is no longer similar to the stock item it started as. The term stems from the fact that although the Golliwog itself was black – its standard form was featureless in a sense – it was always represented as decorated smartly with, for example, ribbons and bows. It could be said to be found always dressed up in finery; no Golliwog was ever seen dressed conservatively.
• The sixth movement of Claude Debussy's Children's Corner is titled "Golliwogg's Cakewalk", inspired by the American dance.
• Golliwog is the former name of a popular line of cocoa biscuits in Australia. First released in the 1960's, they were renamed by manufacturer Arnott's in the mid-1990's and are now sold under the name of "Scalliwag".
• Golliwog was a term used to refer to bullfrog tadpoles in southwest Missourri and the Ozarks, at least up at the 1960s.
• Golliwog (song) is a solo-single by ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog from 1974.^{[citation needed]}

Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Gauloise is a brand of cigarette of French manufacture that has achieved semi-iconic status. ... Unlit filtered cigarettes. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... Creedence Clearwater Revival (commonly referred to by its initials CCR or simply as Creedence) was an American rock band, which consisted of John Fogerty (vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano), Tom Fogerty (guitar, vocals, piano), Stu Cook (bass guitar, vocals), and Doug Clifford (drums, percussion, vocals). ... Claude Debussy, photo by Félix Nadar, 1908. ... Childrens Corner is a suite for solo piano by Claude Debussy, completed in 1908. ... Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. ... Binomial name (Shaw, 1802) Bullfrog range Synonyms Rana catesbeiana The American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus,[1][2] previously Rana catesbeiana[3]) is an aquatic frog, a member of the family Ranidae, or true frogs, native to much of North America. ... For other uses, see Tadpole (disambiguation). ... Golliwog (Gulleplutt) was one of the first attempts of Agnetha to enter the charts outside Sweden. ... Abba redirects here. ... Agnetha Åse Fältskog (born 5 April 1950) in Jönköping) is a Swedish pop singer, songwriter and producer, most notable for being a member of the popular Swedish pop group ABBA. Her name was originally spelled Agneta; she added the h later herself. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Blackface
• Minstrel show
• Zwarte Piet
• Black dolls

This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co. ... Detail from cover of The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels, 1843 The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. ... Zwarte Piet, together with Sinterklaas In the folklore and legends of the Netherlands and Flanders, Zwarte Piet ( (help· info)) (meaning Black Pete) is a companion of Saint Nicholas (Dutch Sinterklaas) whose yearly feast in the Netherlands is 5 December and 6 December in Flanders, when they distribute presents to all... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

References

1. ^ "'Controversial' golly to be shelved" BBC News 23 August 2001
2. ^ WogMerriam-Webster Online etymology, "perhaps short for golliwog".
3. ^ "Swastika bag shop's golly shirts" The Sun 29 September 2007
4. ^ Furst, Alan (2004) Dark Voyage, Random House, Random House, ISBN 1-4000-6018-4: "It was a Gauloise — what British seamen called a golliwog...".

External links

• "The Golliwog Caricature," Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia Article by David Pilgrim, Ferris State University, Michigan
• "The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg" by Bertha Upton 1895 at Project Gutenburg
• "Gollyworld" Information on Robertsons Golly Badges
• "Golliwogg.co.uk" An independent guide to Golliwogs
• "Gollydownunder.com"A brief history of Golliwogs
• Clean plates GOLIWOG license plate
• BBC News - Row erupts over golly exhibition 13/01/07
• Kate Finn, Australian maker of golliwog dolls
• Gollies. Childhood. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved on 2007-07-23.
• "www.gollyfest.com"Gollyfest and the International Golliwogg Collector Club