Googolplex is the number 10^googol, or as a one followed by a googol zeros. This page is about Google Inc. ... This article is about the Google headquarters. ... For the Internet company, see Google. ... For the Internet company, see Google. ... Zero redirects here. ...

1 googolplex

= 10^googol

= 10^(10100)

= 10^{10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000}.

In 1938, Edward Kasner's nine-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta coined the term googol; Milton then proposed the further term googolplex to be "one, followed by writing zeroes until you get tired". Kasner decided to adopt a more formal definition "because different people get tired at different times and it would never do to have [Primo] Carnera [a champion boxer] be a better mathematician than Dr. Einstein, simply because he had more endurance".^[1] For the Internet company, see Google. ... Edward Kasner (1878–1955), (City College of New York 1897; Columbia University M.A., 1897; Columbia University Ph. ... For the Internet company, see Google. ... This article is about the historical boxer, for the wrestler having same nickname, see Primo Carnera. ... “Einstein” redirects here. ...

How big is a googolplex?

One googol is greater than the number of elementary particles in the observable universe, which has been variously estimated from 10⁷⁹ up to 10⁸¹. A googol is also greater than the number of Planck times elapsed since the Big Bang which is estimated at around 8 × 10⁶⁰. Therefore a list of the state of every particle at every measurable unit of time since the Big Bang would have nowhere near a googolplex entries (max. around 8 × 10¹⁴¹). For the Internet company, see Google. ... For the novel, see The Elementary Particles. ... See universe for a general discussion of the universe. ... In physics, the Planck time (tP), is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units. ... For other uses, see Big Bang (disambiguation). ...

Since a googolplex is one followed by a googol zeroes, it would not be possible to write down or store a googolplex in decimal notation, even if all the matter in the known universe were converted into paper and ink or disk drives. Indeed, if you had an unlimited supply of ink and paper, you would need around 10²⁰ universes to fully write it down. Decimal, or denary, notation is the most common way of writing the base 10 numeral system, which uses various symbols for ten distinct quantities (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, called digits) together with the decimal point and the sign symbols + (plus) and − (minus) to...

Thinking of this another way, consider printing the digits of a googolplex in unreadable, one-point font. TeX one-point font is .3514598 mm per digit, which means it would take about 3.5 × 10⁹⁶ meters to write in one-point font. The known universe is estimated at 7.4 × 10²⁶ meters in diameter, which means the distance to write the digits would be about 4.7 × 10⁶⁹ times the diameter of the known universe. The time it would take to write such a number also renders the task implausible: if a person can write two digits per second, it would take around 1.1 × 10⁸² times the age of the universe to write down a googolplex. Point, in typography, may also refer to a dot grapheme (e. ... TeX (IPA: as in Greek, often in English; written with a lowercase e in imitation of the logo) is a typesetting system created by Donald Knuth. ... DIAMETER is a computer networking protocol for AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting). ... This box:      This article is about scientific estimates of the age of the universe. ...

Thus in the physical world it is difficult to give examples of numbers that compare closely to a googolplex. In analyzing quantum states and black holes, physicist Don Page writes that "determining experimentally whether or not information is lost down black holes of solar mass ... would require more than 10^1076.96 measurements to give a rough determination of the final density matrix after a black hole evaporates".^[2] In a separate article, Page shows that the number of states in a black hole with a mass roughly equivalent to the Andromeda Galaxy is in the range of a googolplex.^[3] Probability densities for the electron at different quantum numbers (l) In quantum mechanics, the quantum state of a system is a set of numbers that fully describe a quantum system. ... For other uses, see Black hole (disambiguation). ... In thermodynamics, a state function, or state quantity, is a property of a system that depends only on the current state of the system, not on the way in which the system got to that state. ... The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: , also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224; often referred to as the Great Andromeda Nebula in older texts) is a spiral galaxy approximately 2. ...

In pure mathematics, the magnitude of a googolplex is not as large as some of the specially defined extraordinarily large numbers, such as those written with tetration, Knuth's up-arrow notation, Steinhaus-Moser notation, or Conway chained arrow notation. Even more simply, one can name numbers larger than a googolplex with fewer symbols, for example, Broadly speaking, pure mathematics is mathematics motivated entirely for reasons other than application. ... The magnitude of a mathematical object is its size: a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind; in technical terms, an ordering of the class of objects to which it belongs. ... For information on how large numbers are named in English, see names of large numbers. ... Tetration (also exponential map, hyperpower, power tower, super-exponentiation, and hyper4) is iterated exponentiation, the first hyper operator after exponentiation. ... In mathematics, Knuths up-arrow notation is a notation for very large integers introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. ... In mathematics, Mosers polygon notation is a means of expressing certain extremely large numbers. ... Conway chained arrow notation, created by mathematician John Conway, is a means of expressing certain extremely large numbers. ...

,

is much larger. This last number can be expressed more concisely as ⁶9 using tetration, or 9↑↑6 using Knuth's up-arrow notation. Tetration (also exponential map, hyperpower, power tower, super-exponentiation, and hyper4) is iterated exponentiation, the first hyper operator after exponentiation. ... In mathematics, Knuths up-arrow notation is a notation for very large integers introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. ...

Some sequences grow very quickly; for instance, the first two Ackermann numbers are 1 and ²2=4; but then the third is ³³3, a power tower of threes more than seven trillion high. Yet, much larger still is Graham's number, perhaps the largest natural number mathematicians actually have a use for. For other senses of this word, see sequence (disambiguation). ... In recursion theory, the Ackermann function or Ackermann-Péter function is a simple example of a general recursive function that is not primitive recursive. ... Grahams number, named after Ronald Graham, is a large number often described as the largest finite number that has ever been seriously used in a mathematical proof. ... In mathematics, a natural number can mean either an element of the set {1, 2, 3, ...} (i. ...

A googolplex is a gigantic number that can be expressed compactly because of nested exponentiation. Other procedures (like tetration) can express large numbers even more compactly. The natural question is: what procedure uses the smallest number of symbols to express the biggest number? A Turing machine formalizes the notion of a procedure or algorithm, and a busy beaver is the Turing machine of size n that can write down the biggest possible number [1]. The bigger n is, the more complex the busy beaver, hence the bigger the number it can write down. For n=1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 the numbers expressible are not huge, but research as of 2006 shows that for n=6 the busy beaver can write down a number at least as big as . [2] It is an open question whether the seventh busy beaver can express a googolplex For the test of artificial intelligence, see Turing test. ... Flowcharts are often used to graphically represent algorithms. ... In computability theory, a Busy Beaver (from the colloquial expression for industrious person) is a Turing machine that, when given an empty tape, does a lot of work, then halts. ... In computability theory, a Busy Beaver (from the colloquial expression for industrious person) is a Turing machine that, when given an empty tape, does a lot of work, then halts. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In popular culture

Googolplex (an extremely large movie theater) appears in the The Ziff Who Came to Dinner episode of The Simpsons, broadcast on 14 March 2004, and in the video game The Simpsons Hit & Run The Ziff Who Came to Dinner is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons fifteenth season. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Simpsons Hit & Run is an action adventure video game based on the animated sitcom The Simpsons. ...

The search engine Google (a deliberate misspelling of googol) refers to its headquarters as the Googleplex, likely an abbreviation of "Google Complex". This article is about the corporation. ... For the Internet company, see Google. ... This article is about the Google headquarters. ... —a complex is different from complicated or composed, the complex is more than the sum of its parts Look up complex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The "Googleplex Star Thinker in the Seventh Galaxy of Light and Ingenuity" appears (an earlier "playful" misspelling) in the Douglas Adams 1979 novel, The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy. Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author, comic radio dramatist, and musician. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The cover of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy, from a late 1990s US printing. ...

The band Clutch released an album in 2002 called Live at the Googolplex. Clutch is a musical group from Germantown, Maryland in the United States. ... Live at the Googolplex Live at the Googolplex is a live album by rock band Clutch, complied from various live recordings in 2001 and 2002. ...

In episode IX of Carl Sagan's Cosmos: A Personal Voyage television series, Sagan, illustrating the advantages of scientific notation over decimal notation, starts writing a googolplex on a roll of paper. He unwinds the roll of paper throughout Cambridge University's campus, before finally giving up. Insert non-formatted text here Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer and astrobiologist and a highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics, and other natural sciences. ... Cosmos: A Personal Voyage was the name of a thirteen part television series produced by Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan which was first broadcast by the Public Broadcasting Service in 1980. ...

In Back to the Future Part III, Emmett Brown, in lamenting the loss of the girl of his dreams, says, "Clara was one in a million. One in a billion. One in a googol-plex." For the video game based on this film, see Back to the Future Part III (video game). ... Doc Brown redirects here. ...

Googol and Googolplex are also several times mentioned by the protagonist, the 9 year-old Oskar, of Jonathan Safran Foer's novel "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close".

In Phineas & Ferb, the mall seen in several episodes is called the Googolplex Mall.

In the Loonatics Unleashed Season 1 Episode "The Comet Cometh" Tech creates a device which amplifies Ace's laster vision by "a full factor of google." Rev begins to explain what it is only to be interrupted by Danger Duck in boredom. Loonatics Unleashed is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. ... This article details fictional characters in Loonatics Unleashed. ... This article details fictional characters in Loonatics Unleashed. ... This article details fictional characters in Loonatics Unleashed. ... This article details fictional characters in Loonatics Unleashed. ...

The word googolplex was referred from the song "One Googolplex Dollar" by zulbrunei in his album "Dandruff".

In the book Girl Who Owned a City, a googolplex is known as a "fun number."

In the "Jack versus Mad Jack" episode of Samurai Jack, a bounty hunter claims that Aku is offering two Googolplex on his head. Samurai Jack is an American animated television series created by animator Genndy Tartakovsky that aired on Cartoon Network from 2001 until 2004. ...

See also

• Large numbers
• Names of large numbers

Big numbers redirects here. ... Names of numbers larger than a quadrillion are almost never used, for reasons discussed further below. ...

External links

• Who Can Name the Bigger Number? http://www.scottaaronson.com/writings/bignumbers.html
• Comparing googolplex to numbers similar in size: http://home.earthlink.net/~mrob/pub/math/numbers-15.html#l_p1_1000e100
• The Biggest Numbers in the Universe: http://www.strangehorizons.com/2001/20010402/biggest_numbers.shtml
• Known prime factors of googolplex + n (0 <= n <= 999): http://www.alpertron.com.ar/GOOGOL.HTM
• Another Googolplex page: http://www.procrastinators.org/googolplex.html
• A humorous C program to count to a googolplex: http://www.fpx.de/fp/Fun/Googolplex/
• The Challenge of Large Numbers http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines/e11/86/largeno.html
• Googolplex is "inconceivable" but still "describable": http://jimvb.home.mindspring.com/hamlet.htm
• Eric W. Weisstein, Googolplex at MathWorld.
• googolplex at PlanetMath.

This article is about the concept in number theory. ... C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ... Eric W. Weisstein (born March 18, 1969, in Bloomington, Indiana) is an encyclopedist who created and maintains MathWorld and Eric Weissteins World of Science (ScienceWorld). ... MathWorld is an online mathematics reference work, sponsored by Wolfram Research Inc. ... PlanetMath is a free, collaborative, online mathematics encyclopedia. ...

References