NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Greater Romania

Greater Romania (România Mare) generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years between the First and Second World Wars, the largest geographical extent of Romania up to that time and its largest peacetime extent ever (295.649 km²). File links The following pages link to this file: Axis Powers Flag of Romania Categories: Flag images ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The national flag of Romania is a vertical tricolor of blue, yellow and red. ... Coat of Arms of Romania The Coat of Arms of Romania consists of an eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a sword in its claws. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... TrÄƒiascÄƒ Regele (Long live the King) was the national anthem of the Principality of Romania and later Kingdom of Romania between 1866 and 1947. ... Image File history File links Romania_MASSR_1920. ... Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Status Capital of Romania Mayor Adriean Videanu, since 2005 Area 238 kmÂ² Population (2005) 1,924,959[1] Density 8,088 inh/kmÂ² Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... The King of Romania was the title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947 when Romania was proclaimed a republic. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ferdinand of Romania Ferdinand or Ferdinand I (August 24, 1865-July 20, 1927) was the king of Romania from October 10, 1914 until his death Born in Sigmaringen in southwestern Germany, Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen became heir to the throne of his childless uncle, King Carol I of Romania... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... King Michael I of the Romanians (born October 25, 1921), Prince of Hohenzollern[1][2][3], reigned as King of the Romanians (in Romanian Maiestatea Sa Mihai I Regele RomÃ¢nilor or Majestatea Sa Mihai I Regele RomÃ¢nilor) from July 20, 1927 to June 8, 1930, and again from... Carol II of Romania, (15 October 1893 â€“ 4 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from June 8, 1930 until September 6, 1940. ... King Michael I of the Romanians (born October 25, 1921), Prince of Hohenzollern[1][2][3], reigned as King of the Romanians (in Romanian Maiestatea Sa Mihai I Regele RomÃ¢nilor or Majestatea Sa Mihai I Regele RomÃ¢nilor) from July 20, 1927 to June 8, 1930, and again from... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... Type Lower house President (Speaker) Bogdan Olteanu, PNL, since 2006 Number of members 332 Political groups (as of 2006 elections) PSD, PNL, PD, PRM, UDMR, PC, National minorities, Independents Meeting place Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest Web site www. ... Coat of Arms of The Senate of Romania The Senate of Romania (Romanian: Senat) is the upper house in Romanias bicameral parliament. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... For the Moldovan currency, see Moldovan leu. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). ... Prehistoric Romania is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area encompassing present-day Romania, which extended through prehistory, and ended when the first written records appeared. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... The provinces of the Roman Empire in 120, with Dacia highlighted. ... This article (also known as Romania in the Dark Ages) treats the history of Romania and of the Romanian people, and refers to the time period roughly from the 5th century to the 10th century, that is between the Hunnic invasion, to the last phase of the Age of Migrations. ... // Main article: Romania in the Dark Ages The Dark Ages in what is now Romania ended around the 11th century, following the period in which the Romanian lands had been part of the First Bulgarian Empire (802-1018). ... It has been suggested that Byzantium after Byzantium be merged into this article or section. ... During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were in the situation of being second-class citizens (or even non-citizens) in their own country. ... The National Assembly of Wallachia in 1837 Regulamentul Organic (Romanian name, translated as Organic Statute or Organic Regulation; French: RÃ¨glement Organique, Russian: OÑ€Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ñ€ÐµÐ³Ð»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ‚, Organichesky reglament)[1] was a quasi-constitutional organic law enforced in 1831â€“1832 by the Imperial Russian authorities in Moldavia and Wallachia (the two Danubian Principalities... From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ... In June of 1941, after a brief period of nominal neutrality under King Carol, Romania joined the Axis Powers. ... Anthem Zdrobite cÄƒtuÅŸe (1947 - 1953) Te slÄƒvim RomÃ¢nie (1953 - 1968) Trei Culori (1968-1989) Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Socialist republic Head of State - 1947â€“1965 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - 1965-1989 Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Legislature Marea Adunare NaÅ£ionalÇŽ Historical era Cold War - Monarchy abolished... Combatants Communist Romania Ad hoc local Romanian militias, demoralized romanian army forces Commanders Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Various independent militia leaders, discontented Communist party members Casualties 1,104 deaths The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and fighting in late December of 1989 that overthrew the... // 1989 marked the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

The name and its meanings

The original Romanian term România Mare did not carry the expansionist and irredentist sense of its English translation. The literal translation in English is actually Great Romania. The name was coined right after World War I, when Romania came to include all the historical Romanian provinces, by comparison with Small Romania, or the Regat, which did not include the provinces of Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina. An alternate name for România Mare, coined at the same period, was România Întregită (Whole Romania or Integrated Romania). România Mare was seen (and is still seen by many) as the natural national Romanian state, and a symbol of national renaissance. irredentism is position advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... The Romanian Old Kingdom (in Romanian, Vechiul Regat) refers to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation-state, which was composed of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian, Ð‘ÐµÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ñ–Ñ in Ukrainian, Ð‘ÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ñ in Russian, Ð‘ÐµÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ñ in Bulgarian, Besarabya in Turkish) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... Bukovina (Ukrainian: , Bukovyna; Romanian: Bucovina; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. ...

The term România Mare acquired an irredentist meaning after the Second Vienna Award and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact which lead to the separation from Romania of Northern Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Northern Bukovina. The Second Vienna Award was the second of two Vienna Awards. ... Molotov signs the German-Soviet non-aggression pact. ...

Nowadays, the term is most often used in English to convey a nationalist meaning, though it does not have expansionist meaning in Romanian. When used in a political context, especially with reference to the Greater Romania Party, is conveys in English an irredentist connotation, mainly concerning territories taken after World War II by the Soviet Union, and now part of the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine. In Romanian, the Greater Romania Party (or rather Great Romania Party) is known as the party formed around former Securitate officers and some former Communist Party activists, lead by Corneliu Vadim Tudor, which appeals to nationalist sentiments to promote an anti-reform agenda. The party is known for anti-Western, anti-Hungarian, anti-Roma declarations, but very few anti-Slav ones. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Great Romania Party campaign poster for the Romanian presidential election, 2004. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Great Romania Party campaign poster for the Romanian presidential election, 2004. ... The Securitate (Romanian for Security; official full name Departamentul SecuritÄƒÅ£ii Statului, State Security Department), was the secret police force of Communist Romania. ... Corneliu Vadim Tudor as a symbol of the Greater Romania Party on a 2004 campaign poster. ... Antiziganism is racism directed at the Roma people. ...

History

In 1918, at the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Romanian Old Kingdom. Transylvania (the last of the three to do so) united by a Proclamation of Union of Alba Iulia voted by the Deputies of the Romanians from Transylvania, and supported two weeks later by the vote of the Deputies of the Germans from Transylavania (the Hungarians from Transylavania, about 24% at the time, did not elect Deputies at the official dissolution of Austro-Hungary, since they were considered represented by the Budapest government of the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungary). In Bukovina (the second of the three to vote for union), a National Council representing the entire population of the province voted for union with Romania. However, while the Romanian, German, Polish and Jewish deputies voted for, the Ukrainian deputies (representing 37% of the population at the time) voted against. Bessarabia, having declared its sovereignty in 1917 by the newly-elected Council of the Country (Sfatul Ţării), was faced with the disorderly retreat of disbanded Russian troops through its territory in January 1918, and called in Romanian troops to protect the province from the Bolsheviks who were spreading the Russian Revolution. The orderly retreat of the Romanian troops after the marauders were pushed over the Dniester river impressed the Moldavian intellectuals and after declaring independence from Russia on 24 January 1918, Sfatul Ţării voted union with Romania on 9 April 1918: of the 148 deputies, 86 voted for union, 3 against, 36 abstained (mostly the deputies representing the minorities, 30% at the time) and 13 were not present. Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... Bukovina (Ukrainian: , Bukovyna; Romanian: Bucovina; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian, Ð‘ÐµÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ñ–Ñ in Ukrainian, Ð‘ÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ñ in Russian, Ð‘ÐµÑÐ°Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¸Ñ in Bulgarian, Besarabya in Turkish) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... The Romanian Old Kingdom (in Romanian, Vechiul Regat) refers to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation-state, which was composed of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. ... Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafeh r, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Sfatul Å¢Äƒrii was in 1917-1918 the National Assembly of the Bessarabia guberniya (province) of Russian Empire, and then of the independent Moldavian Democratic Republic, which proclaimed union with the Romania in 1918. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... The Dniester (Ukrainian: , translit. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The union of the regions of Transylvania, Maramureş, Crişana and Banat with the Old Kingdom of Romania was ratified in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon which recognised Romanian sovereignty over these regions and settled the border between the independent Republic of Hungary and the Kingdom of Romania. The union of Bukovina and Bessarabia with Romania was ratified in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles. Romania had also recently acquired the Southern Dobruja territory called the Cadrilater ("Quadrilateral") from Bulgaria as a result of its victory in the Second Balkan War in 1913. MaramureÅŸ (Hungarian: MÃ¡ramaros) is a county (judeÅ£) in the MaramureÅŸ region, northern Romania, in the North of Transylvania with the capital city at Baia Mare (population: 149,735). ... CriÅŸana is a region of west Romania, near the border with Hungary, named after the three CriÅŸ rivers that flow through it. ... Location of Banat in Europe Map of the Banat region with largest cities shown The Banat (Romanian: Banat, Serbian: Ð‘Ð°Ð½Ð°Ñ‚ or Banat, Hungarian: BÃ¡nÃ¡t or BÃ¡nsÃ¡g, German: Banat, Slovak: BanÃ¡t, Bulgarian: Ð‘Ð°Ð½Ð°Ñ‚) is a geographical and historical region of Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the... The negotiations on June 4, 1920. ... From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ... The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was the peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. ... Southern Dobruja (Ð®Ð¶Ð½Ð° Ð”Ð¾Ð±Ñ€ÑƒÐ´Ð¶Ð° (Yuzhna Dobrudzha) in Bulgarian, Dobrogea de sud or Cadrilater in Romanian is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra. ... Combatants Bulgaria Greece Serbia Montenegro Romania Ottoman Empire Commanders Mihail Savov Nikola Ivanov, Vasil Kutinchev, Radko Dimitriev Serbia: Radomir Putnik, Greece:King Constantine, Romania: Crown Prince Ferdinand, Alexandru Averescu Strength 500,000 men Serbia 220,000 men, Romania 200,000 men, Greece 150,000 men, Montenegro 12,000 men The...

Romania retained these borders from 1918 to 1940. In that year, it lost Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union after the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, lost the considerable territory of Northern Transylvania to Hungary in the Second Vienna Arbitration, and lost the Cadrilater to Bulgaria in the Treaty of Craiova. In the course of World War II, Romania (in alliance with the Axis Powers) took back Bessarabia and was awarded further territorial gains at the expense of the Soviet Union (Transnistria or western Yedisan or western New Russia; these were lost again as the tide of war turned) as compensation for Northern Transylvania. Molotov signs the German-Soviet non-aggression pact. ... Read carefully- a chauvinist bias included! Romania with Northern Transylvania highlighted in yellow Northern Transylvania is a part of Transylvania which, after separation from Hungary in 1920 by the Trianon (Versailles) Treaty, was awarded by Germany and Italy to Hungary in line with the Vienna Awards of 1940. ... The Second Vienna Award was the second of two Vienna Awards. ... The Treaty of Craiova was signed on September 7, 1940 between Romania and Bulgaria. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the region during the Second World War, see Transnistria (World War II). ... Yedisan (also Jedisan or Edisan) is a historical region in modern southwestern Ukraine. ... Novorossiya (Russian: , literally New Russia) is a historic area now mostly located in southern Ukraine, and partially in southern Russia. ... Read carefully- a chauvinist bias included! Romania with Northern Transylvania highlighted in yellow Northern Transylvania is a part of Transylvania which, after separation from Hungary in 1920 by the Trianon (Versailles) Treaty, was awarded by Germany and Italy to Hungary in line with the Vienna Awards of 1940. ...

After the war, Romania regained the territories lost to Hungary, but not those lost to Bulgaria or the Soviet Union, and in 1948 the Treaty between the Soviet Union and communist and Soviet-occupied Romania also provided for the transfer of 4 uninhabited islands to the USSR, three in the Danube delta and one on the Black Sea. The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dÄnu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... NASA satellite image of the Black Sea Map of the Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Mediterranean Sea. ...

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History

See also

The name and its meanings