GroenLinks
Leader	Femke Halsema
Founded	March 1, 1989
Headquarters	Partij Bureau GroenLinks Oudegracht 312 Utrecht
Political Ideology	Green Politics
International Affiliation	Global Greens
European Affiliation	European Green Party
European Parliament Group	EGP/EFA
Colours	Green and Red
Website	www.groenlinks.nl
See also	Politics of the Netherlands Political parties Elections Image File history File links Groenlinks_logo. ... Femke Halsema attending a demonstration Femke Halsema (Haarlem, April 25, 1966) is a politician in the Netherlands. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Utrecht refers to various cities and areas: Utrecht (province), of the Netherlands Utrecht (city), Netherlands, and capital of the province of the same name Utrecht (municipality), includes the city of Utrecht and two neighbouring villages (Vleuten / de Meern) Utrecht (agglomeration), in the Netherlands, includes the city of Utrecht Diocese of... Green politics or Green ideology is the ideology of the Green Parties, mainly informed by environmentalism, ecology and sustainable economics and aimed at developing a sustainable society. ... This article is about the green parties around the world. ... European Greens (or the European Green Party) is the name of the European Green Party, a political party at European level. ... Logo of the European Federation of Green Parties - EFA The European Greens – European Free Alliance (The Greens - European Free Alliance; Greens - EFA; French: Le Groupe Verts - Alliance libre européenne; Les Verts - ALE, German Fraktion der Grünen/Freie Europäische Allianz) is one of the parliamentary groups in the... Green is a color with many different shades, all within a wavelength of roughly 520–570 nm. ... Red may be any of a number of similar colors at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ... The Politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy. ... This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. ... Elections in the Netherlands gives information on election and election results in the Netherlands. ...

GroenLinks (GL, English: GreenLeft) is a Dutch Green political party. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the green parties around the world. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ...

History

Before 1989

1984 European election poster of the Green Progressive Accord of CPN, PSP and PPR

GreenLeft was founded as merger of four parties that were at the left of the main social-democratic Labour Party: the destalinized Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN), the Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP), which was formed by the peace movement, the green Political Party Radicals (PPR), which was founded as progressive Christian party, and the progressive christian Evangelical People's Party. These four were often grouped as "small left". In the 1972 elections these parties won sixteen seats, in the 1977 elections they were left with only six. From that moment on, people began to plead for cooperation. Image File history File links 1984-GPA.jpg‎ 1984 election poster of the GPA, which consisted out of PSP, CPN and PPR. From dnpp. ... Image File history File links 1984-GPA.jpg‎ 1984 election poster of the GPA, which consisted out of PSP, CPN and PPR. From dnpp. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... De-Stalinization and the Khrushchev era For further details, see Nikita Khrushchev After Stalin had died in March 1953, he was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and Georgi Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union. ... The Communist party of the Netherlands (CPN, in Dutch Communistische Partij Nederland) was a communist party of the Netherlands. ... The Pacifist Socialist Party, or PSP, was a Dutch political party. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Green politics or Green ideology is the ideology of the Green Parties, mainly informed by environmentalism, ecology and sustainable economics and aimed at developing a sustainable society. ... The Political Party Radicals (in Dutch: Politieke Partij Radicalen, PPR) is a Dutch Leftwing christian and green political party. ... The Christian Left or Religious Left are terms used to describe those who hold a strong Christian belief and share left-wing, liberal, or socialist ideals. ... The Evangelical Peoples Party (Dutch: Evangelische Volkspartij) was a party of the Christian left in the Netherlands it was represented in the Dutch Parliament between 1982 and 1986. ... National summary Parties Anti Revolutionary Party (Anti-Revolutionaire Partij) Catholic Peoples Party (Katholieke Volkspartij) Christian Historical Union (Christelijke-Historische Unie) Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl), merger of Catholic Peoples Party, Anti Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland) Democratic Socialist 1970 (Democratisch Socialisten 1970) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Farmers Party (Boerenpartij) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid...

Since the 1980s these parties began to cooperate in municipal and provincial elections and legislatives, because a higher percentage of votes is necessary to gain seats in such elections. In 1984 the PPR, CPN and PSP formed the Green Progressive Accord that entered with one list in the European elections. They won one seat, which rotated between the PSP and PPR. Party-members also met each other in grassroots extraparliamentary protest against nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. More than 80% of the members of the PSP, CPN and PPR attended one of the two mass protests against the placement nuclear weapons of 1981 and 1983^[1]. For the commercial production of electricity from nuclear energy, see Nuclear power. ... Although the Netherlands do not have weapons of mass destruction made by itself. ... Hollanditis was a term coined in 1981 by the American historian Walter Laqueur. ...

The cooperation between these parties and the ideological change that accompanied it also led to internal dissent. The ideological change that CPN made from revolutionary marxism-leninism to "reformism" led to a split in the CPN which led to the founding of the League of Communists in the Netherlands in 1982. Before the election of 1986 the CPN and the PPR wanted to form an electoral alliance with the PSP. This led to a crisis within the party: chair of the parliamentary party, Fred van der Spek who opposed cooperation was replaced by Andrée van Es, who favoured cooperation. Van der Spek founded his own Party for Socialism and Disarmament. The 1986 PSP congress however still rejected cooperation. Earlier a group of "deep" Greens split from the PPR, they would found the the Greens eventually. The Evangelical People's Party was founded in 1981 as a split from the main Christian democratic Christian Democratic Appeal, in its period in parliament 1982-1986 it was torn between the small left, the PvdA and the CDA Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... Reformism (also called revisionism or revisionist theory) is the belief that gradual changes in a society can ultimately change its fundamental structures. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into environmentalism. ... De Groenen (The Greens) are a Dutch ecological party. ... The Evangelical Peoples Party (Dutch: Evangelische Volkspartij) was a party of the Christian left in the Netherlands it was represented in the Dutch Parliament between 1982 and 1986. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ...

In the elections of 1986 all these parties lost seats. The CPN and the EVP disappeared out of parliament. The PPR and the PSP were left with two and one seats. The pressure to cooperate increased. In 1989 the PSP opened talks with the PPR and the PSP. Their initiative was supported by an open letter from members of trade unions, environmental movements and the arts which called for one progressive formation left of the PvdA. When it became clear that the CPN wanted to maintain its own communist identity the PPR left the talks. In the same year the Second cabinet Lubbers fell and elections would be held in the autumn of that year. The talks were opened again now with PSP, CPN, EVP and PPR. The PPR was represented for a short while by an informal delegation led by former chair Wim de Boer, because the party board did not want to come back on it leaving the talks. In the summer of 1989 the congresses of the four parties accepted the common program and list of candidates. An association Green Left (Dutch: Vereniging Groen Links; VGL) was set up to allow sympathizers who were not member of any of the parties to join. Meanwhile the European elections of 1989 where held and the same formation had entered under the name "Rainbow". On November 24 1990 the party GreenLeft was officially founded. National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij) Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) Political Party Radicals (Politieke Partij Radicalen) Political Reformed Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The Arts is a broad subdivision of culture, comprised of many expressive disciplines. ... The Netherlands cabinet Lubbers-2 (1986-1989) was a continuation of the coalition of the right-wing political parties CDA and VVD. Main aim was the continuation of the policy of cuting government spending. ...

1989-1994

1989 election poster showing the old logo in which the pink lines and the blue spaces forming allude to a peace sign.

In the 1989 elections one list of PPR, CPN, PSP and EVP entered: Groen Links. The list was organized in such a way that all the parties were represented and new figures could enter. The PPR which had been the largest party in 1986 got the top candidate (Ria Beckers) and the number five, the PSP the numbers two and six, the CPN the number three and the EVP number eleven. The first independent candidate was Paul Rosenmöller, trade union leader from Rotterdam, the number four. In the elections the party doubled its seats in comparison to 1986 (from three to six) but the expectations had been much higher. Image File history File links GreenLeft-1989. ... Image File history File links GreenLeft-1989. ... A peace symbol is a representation or object that has come to symbolize peace. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Green Left (GroenLinks), merger of Political Party Radicals, Pacifist Socialist Party, Communist Party of the Netherlands and Evangelical Peoples Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) List Janmaat-Center Democrats (Lijst Janmaat-Centrumdemocraten), secession of... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Maria Brigitta Catherina (Ria) Beckers-de Bruijn (Driebergen, November 2, 1938 – Wadenoijen, March 22 2006) was a Dutch Green politician, she was the political leader of the progressive christian PPR and the Green GreenLeft. ... Paul Rosenmöller (May 11, 1956) is a dutch journalist. ...

In the period 1989-1991 the merger developed further. A board was organized for the party-in-foundation and a Green Left Council, which was supposed to control the board and the parliamentary party and stimulate the process of merger, all five groups (CPN, PPR, PSP, EVP and the Vereniging Groen Links all had seats as ratio of the number of party members. Originally, the three youth organizations, the CPN-linked General Dutch Youth League, the PSP-linked Pacifist Socialist Young Working Groups and the PPR-linked Political Party of Radical Youth refused to merge under pressure of the government, who controlled their subsidies they did merge to form DWARS. In 1990 some opposition formed against the moderate, green course of the Green Left. Several former PSP-members united in the "Left Forum" in 1992 they would leave the party to join former PSP-leader Van der Spek to found the PSP'92. Similarly former members of the CPN joined the League of Communists in the Netherlands to found the New Communist Party in the same year. In 1991 the congresses of the four founding parties (PSP, PPR, CPN and EVP) decided to officially abolish their parties. ANJV symbol Algemeen Nederlands Jeugd Verbond, a political youth movement in the Netherlands. ... Pacifist Socialist Young Working Groups (in Dutch: Pacifistisch Socialistische Jongeren Werkgroepen) was the youth wing of the Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP) in the Netherlands. ... DWARS, de GroenLinkse jongerenorganisatie (Contrary, the GreenLeft Youth Organisation, for more information on the name see name section) is the independent youth wing of the GreenLeft the Dutch Green political party. ... NCPN symbol New Communist Party-NCPN (Nieuwe Communistische Partij-NCPN) is a Dutch communist political party, founded in 1992 by a group of CPN-members who refused to join GroenLinks (Green Left) together with the rest of the CPN. The NCPN publishes a newspaper titled Manifest (Manifesto) which appears once...

The Green Left had considerable problems with formulating its own ideology. In 1990 the attempt to write the first manifesto of principles failed because of the difference between socialists and communists on the one side and the more liberal former PPR-members on the other side. The second manifesto of principles which was not allowed the name manifesto of principles was adopted after a lengthy debate and many amendments in 1991. Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ...

Although the party was internally divided the Green Left parliamentary party was the only party in the Dutch parliament which opposed the Gulf War. A debate within the party about the role military intervention led to a more nuanced standpoint than the pacifism of some of its predecessors: the Green Left would support peace-keeping missions as long as they were mandated by the United Nations. Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf Saddam Hussein Strength 660,000 360,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 dead, 75,000 wounded The Gulf War (1990–1991) (also called the Persian Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm, or Second Gulf War) was a conflict between... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ... Peacekeeping is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

In 1991 MEP Verbeek announced that he would, as he had promised, leave the European Parliament after two and a half years to make room for a new candidate. He would continue as an independent and remain in parliament until 1994. In the 1994 election, he would run unsuccessfully as top candidate of the Greens. De Groenen (The Greens) are a Dutch ecological party. ...

In 1992 party leader Ria Beckers left the Tweede Kamer because she wanted to spend more time on her private life ^[2]. Peter Lankhorst replaced her as chair ad interim, but he announced that he would not take part in the internal elections. Maria Brigitta Catherina (Ria) Beckers-de Bruijn (Driebergen, November 2, 1938 – Wadenoijen, March 22 2006) was a Dutch Green politician, she was the political leader of the progressive christian PPR and the Green GreenLeft. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ...

1994-2002

1994 election posters showing the duo Rabbae/Brouwer. The text reads: the GreenLeft counts double

Before the election of 1994 the GreenLeft organized an internal election on the party's political leadership. Two duos entered Ina Brouwer (former CPN) /Mohammed Rabbae (independent) and Paul Rosenmöller (independent)/Leoni Sipkes (former PSP) and five singular candidates (including Wim de Boer (former chair of the PPR), Herman Meijer (former CPN; and future chair of the party) and Ineke van Gent (former PSP and future MP)). Some candidates ran in duos because they wanted to combine family life with politics. Brouwer, Rosenmöller and Sipkes already were MP for the GreenLeft, Rabbae was new, he had been chair of the Dutch Centre for Foreigners. In the first round the duos ended up a head of the others, but neither had an absolute majority. A second round was need which Brouwer and Rabbae won with 51%^[3]. Brouwer became the first candidate and Rabbae second, the second duo Rosenmöller and Sipkes occupied the following place followed by Marijke Vos, former chair of the party. The duo-top candidacy did not communicate well to the votes. The GreenLeft lost one seat, leaving only five, while the PvdA also lost a lot of seats. Image File history File links GreenLeft-1994. ... Image File history File links GreenLeft-1994. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament The 1994 elections led to a landslide loss for the governing coalition of PvdA and CDA. The two liberal parties, VVD and D66 profited from this. ... Marijke Vos (officially Maria Bernadina Vos, born in Leidschendam may 4, 1957) is a dutch politician. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

After the elections, Brouwer left parliament, she was replaced as party leader by Paul Rosenmöller and here seat was taken by Tara Singh Varma. The charismatic Rosenmöller became the "unofficial leader" of the opposition against the cabinet Kok because the main opposition party the CDA was unable to adept well to its new role as opposition party. Rosenmöller set out a new strategy: the GreenLeft should offer alternatives instead of just rejecting the proposals made by the government. Paul Rosenmöller (May 11, 1956) is a dutch journalist. ... The First cabinet of Wim Kok (1994-1998), also called the Purple Coalition because of its social-democrat (red) and liberal (blue) components, was a Dutch government formed by the political parties PVDA, VVD and D66. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ...

In the elections of 1998 the GreenLeft more than doubled its seats to eleven. The charisma of the charismatic "unofficial leader" Rosenmöller played an important role in this. Many new faces entered parliament. Femke Halsema, a political talent who had left the PvdA for the GreenLeft in 1997, Kees Vendrik and Ineke van Gent. The party began to speculate openly about joining government after the elections of 2002. Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament During the 1998 election the purple coalition, with social-democrats, democrats and liberals fortified its majority. ... Femke Halsema attending a demonstration Femke Halsema (Haarlem, April 25, 1966) is a politician in the Netherlands. ...

The 1999 Kosovo War divided the party internally. The Tweede Kamer parliamentary party supported the NATO intervention, while the Eerste Kamer parliamentary party was against the intervention. Several former PSP members within the Tweede Kamer parliamentary party began to openly speak out their doubts about the intervention. A compromise was found: the GreenLeft would support the intervention as long as it limited itself to military targets. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[1] (NATO), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance or the Western Alliance, is an international organisation for collective security established in 1949, in support of the North Atlantic Treaty signed in Washington, DC, on 4 April 1949. ...

In 2001 the integrity of former MP Tara Singh Varma came into doubt: it was revealed that she had lied about her illness and that she had made promises to development organisations which she did not fulfill. In 2000 she had left parliament because as she claimed, she had only a few months to live before she would die of cancer. The TROS program "Opgelicht" (In English "Framed") revealed that she had lied and the she did not have cancer. In 2002 she apologised on public television and claimed she suffered from mythomania. The goal of international development is to alleviate poverty among citizens of developing countries. ... In Greek mythology, King Tros of Dardania (1375 BC - 1328 BC), son of Erichthonius from whom he inherited the throne and the father of three named sons: Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymedes. ... In psychology, mythomania (also known as mitomania, pseudologia phantastica, or pathological lying) is a condition involving compulsive lying by a person with no obvious source of motivation. ...

In the same year the parliamentary party supported the invasion of Afghanistan after the terrorist attacks of september 11 of the year. This invasion led to great upheaval within the party. Several former PSP members within the Tweede Kamer parliamentary party began to openly speak out their doubts about the intervention. Under pressure of internal opposition, led by former PSP members and the party's youth organization DWARS, the parliamentary party changed its position: the attacks should be cancelled. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... DWARS, de GroenLinkse jongerenorganisatie (Contrary, the GreenLeft Youth Organisation, for more information on the name see name section) is the independent youth wing of the GreenLeft the Dutch Green political party. ...

2002-now

2002 election posters showing Rosenmöller. The text reads: GreenLeft for a new balance

The 2002 elections were characterized by change in the political climate. The rightwing political commentator Pim Fortuyn entered politics. He had anti-establishment message, combined with a call for restrictions of immigration. Although his critique was oriented at the second cabinet Kok, Rosenmöller was one of the only politicians who could muster some resistance against his message. Days before the election Fortuyn was killed by an animal rights-activist. Just before the elections Ab Harrewijn, GreenLeft MP and candidate also died. Before and after the elections serious threats were made against Rosenmöller, his wife and his children. These events caused considerable stress for Rosenmöller. The GreenLeft lost one seat in the election, although it had gained more votes than in the 1998 elections. Before the 2003 elections Rosenmöller left parliament, citing the on-going threats against his life and those of his family as the main reason. He was replaced as chair of the parliamentary party and top candidate by Femke Halsema. She was unable to keep ten seats and lost two. Image File history File links GreenLeft-2002. ... Image File history File links GreenLeft-2002. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament Introduction The Dutch general election of 2002, held on May 15, 2002 was completely focused on the assassination of populist leader Pim Fortuyn, who questioned all forms of policies undertaken by the “purple cabinet” of Wim Kok. ... The term climate may refer to: Climate - refers to the weather of a region according to periodic norms. ... Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (surname pronounced somewhat like for-TOYN, IPA: ), (February 19, 1948 – May 6, 2002), was a controversial, openly gay, charismatic politician in the Netherlands who formed his own party Lijst Pim Fortuyn (List Pim Fortuyn or LPF). ... The second cabinet of the Netherlands to be headed by Prime Minister Wim Kok. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Introduction The Dutch general election of 2003 held on January 22, 2003 was held after the fall of the first Balkenende cabinet on October 16, 2002. ... Femke Halsema attending a demonstration Femke Halsema (Haarlem, April 25, 1966) is a politician in the Netherlands. ...

In 2003 the GreenLeft almost unanimously turned against the Iraq War. It took part in the protests against the war, for instance by organising its party congress in Amsterdam at the day of the large demonstration, with an interval allowing its members to join the protest. For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... There have been considerable protests against the Iraq War in the build up to and following the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... A Party Congress is a general conference of a political party. ...

At the end of 2003 Halsema temporarily left parliament to give birth to her twins. During her absence Marijke Vos took her place as chair of the parliamentary party. Fraternal twin boys in the tub The term twin most notably refers to two individuals (or one of two individuals) who have shared the same uterus (womb) and usually, but not necessarily, born on the same day. ... Marijke Vos (officially Maria Bernadina Vos, born in Leidschendam may 4, 1957) is a dutch politician. ...

When she returned to parliament, Halsema started a discussion about the principles of her party. She emphasized individual freedom, tolerance, selfrealization and emancipation. In one interview she called her party "the last liberal party of the Netherlands"^[4]. This led to considerable attention of media and other observers, which speculated about an ideological change. In 2005 the party's scientific bureau published the book "Vrijheid als Ideaal" ("Freedom as Ideal") in which prominent opinion-makers explored the new political space and the position of the left within that space. During the congress of February 2006 the party board was ordered to organize a party-wide discussion about the party's principles. The cross of the war memorial and a menorah for Hanukkah coexist in Oxford. ... Look up emancipation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

During the European Elections congress of 2004 the candidacy committee proposed that the chair of the GreenLeft delegation, Joost Lagendijk, should become the party's top candidate in those elections. A group of members, led by member of the Eerste Kamer Leo Platvoet submitted a motion "We want to chose". They wanted a serious choice for such an important office. The party's board announced a new electoral procedure. During the congress Kathalijne Buitenweg, also MEP and candidate, announced her candidacy for the position of top candidate. She won the elections from Lagendijk. This came as a great surprise to all. Especially for Buitenweg who had not written an acceptance speech and read out Lagendijk's. Joost Lagendijk (born 8 June 1957 in Roosendaal, Netherlands) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg (born 27 March 1970 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Green Left, which is part of the European Greens, and sits on the European Parliaments Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. ...

In November 2005 the party board asked member of the Eerste Kamer Sam Pormes to give up his seat. Continuing rumors about his involvement with guerrilla-training in Yemen in the 1970s and the 1977 train hijacking by Moluccan youth and allegations of welfare fraud were harmful for the party, or at least so the party board claimed. When Pormes refused to step up, the party board threatened to remove him from the party ranks. Pormes fought this decision. The party council of March 2006 sided with Pormes. Party chair Herman Meijer felt forced to give up his position. He was succeeded by Henk Nijhof who was chose by the party council in May 2006 Flag of Republik Maluku Selatan, see also article at Flags of the World The South Moluccas, or Republik Maluku Selatan (RMS), was a self-proclaimed republic in the Maluku Islands, founded April 25, 1950. ...

2006 election posters showing Halsema. The text reads: Grow along, GreenLeft

In preparation of the 2006 elections the party held a congress in October. It elected Halsema, again the only candidate as the party's top candidate. Image File history File links GreenLeft-2006. ... Image File history File links GreenLeft-2006. ... Dutch lower house seats as of 2006 The 2006 Dutch general elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday, November 22, 2006, and followed the fall of the Second Balkenende cabinet. ...

Name

The name "GroenLinks" (until 1992 spelt "Groen Links" with a space between Groen and Links) is a compromise between the PPR and the CPN and the PSP. The PPR wanted the word "Green" in the name of the party, the PSP and the CPN the word "Left". It also emphasizes the core ideals of the party, environmental sustainability and social justice Green politics or Green ideology is the ideology of the Green Parties, mainly informed by environmentalism, ecology and sustainable economics and aimed at developing a sustainable society. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition...

Ideology & Issues

Ideology

The core ideals of the GreenLeft are its program of principles the GreenLeft^[5]. The party explicitly places itself in the tradition of leftwing parties that are freedom loving. Four principles form the guiding principles of the party

1. the democratic rechtsstaat, which ensures individual freedom and equal political rights;
2. an ecological balance, in the knowledge that natural resources are limited;
3. a just distribution of power, knowledge, property, labour and income, within the Netherlands, but also on a world scale;
4. the resistance to exploitation and suppression of groups and peoples.

Halsema, the current political leader of the party, has started a debate about the ideological course of GreenLeft. She emphasized the freedom loving tradition of the left and has chosen freedom as key value. Her course is called left-liberal by herself and observers,^[6] although Halsema herself claims that she does not want to force an ideological change. Democracy (literally rule by the people, from the Greek demos, people, and kratos, rule) is a form of government for a nation state, or for an organization in which all the citizens have an equal vote or voice in shaping policy or electing government officials. ... Rechtsstaat is a term borrowed from German jurisprudence which literally means a law-based state or constitutional state. It is a state in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law, and is often tied to the Anglo-American concept of the rule of law. ... Statue of Liberty - Liberty is one meaning of freedom. Freedom may mean any of the following: the British newspaper, Freedom in music: the 1989 album by Neil Young, Freedom a song by Rage Against the Machine a song by Richie Havens geographically: a town in New York, USA; Freedom a... Egalitarianism can refer to moral as well as factual theories. ... ... Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866. ... Look up distribution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Political power (imperium in Latin) is a type of power held by a person or group in a society. ... Personification of knowledge (Greek Επιστημη, Episteme) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey. ... // Use of the term In common usage, property means ones own thing and refers to the relationship between individuals and the objects which they see as being their own to dispense with as they see fit. ... In classical economics and all micro-economics labour is a measure of the work done by human beings and is one of three factors of production, the others being land and capital. ... Income, generally defined, is the money that is received as a result of the normal business activities of an individual or a business. ... Social liberalism is either a synonym for new liberalism or a label used by progressive liberal parties in order to differentiate themselves from the more conservative liberal parties, especially when there are two or more liberal parties in a country. ...

Following Isaiah Berlin Halsema distinguishes between positive and negative freedom^[7]. Negative freedom is according to Halsema the freedom citizens from government influence; she applies this concept especially to the multicultural society and the rechtsstaat, where the government should protect the rights of citizens and not limit them. Positive freedom is the emancipation of citizens from poverty and discrimination. Halsema wants to apply this concept to welfare state and the environment where government should take more action. According to Halsema the GreenLeft is undogmatic party, that has anarchist tendencies. Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM, (June 6, 1909 – November 5, 1997) was a political philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the 20th century. ... Positive liberty, an idea that was first expressed and analyzed as a separate conception of liberty by John Stuart Mill but most notably described by Isaiah Berlin, refers to the ability to act to fulfill ones own potential, as opposed to negative liberty, which refers to freedom from the... The philosophical concept of negative liberty is the absence of coercion from others. ... Multiculturalism is an ideology advocating that society should consist of, or at least allow and include, distinct cultural groups, with equal status. ... Rechtsstaat is a term borrowed from German jurisprudence which literally means a law-based state or constitutional state. It is a state in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law, and is often tied to the Anglo-American concept of the rule of law. ... Look up emancipation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Welfare State of the United Kingdom was prefigured in the William Beveridge Report in 1942, which identified five Giant Evils in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease. ... Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas) is belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or any kind of organization to be authoritative and not to be disputed or doubted. ... Anarchism is the name of a political philosophy or a group of doctrines and attitudes that are centered on rejection of any form of compulsory government (such as the state)[1] and support its elimination. ...

Issues

The 2006 election manifesto is called "Groei Mee" (English: "Grow along")^[8]. It emphasizes the international cooperation, environmental policy, a new model for the welfare state and the multicultural society.

International cooperation is an important theme for the GreenLeft. The party considers itself a cosmopolitan party. This leads to the following proposals: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

• Doubling of the spending on development aid to 1,5% of the Gross National Product, support for free and fair trade, democratization of the International Monetary Fund, the Worldbank and the World Trade Organisation, and debt relief.
• The party supports European integration, but is critical of the current policy of the European Union; the party wants a new European constitution which better ensures European democracy and subsidiarity.
• The GreenLeft wants to increase the role of the United Nations to prevent conflicts; the party is critical to invasions under the banner of War against terrorism; and the party wants to reform the Military of the Netherlands to peace force.
• The party wants to make migration into the Netherlands, obtaining a the right of permanent residency and naturalization easier; asylum seekers who are in the Netherlands for over five years should be granted asylum unless it is proven they have committed war crimes; victims of human trafficking should be granted a permit of permanent residency; and the income restriction for migration to form families should be dropped.

The GreenLeft wants to stimulate innovation to address environmental issues and states that durable alternatives should be developed. It has been suggested that Official Development Assistance, International development, Foreign aid, Aid, Tied aid, Aid effectiveness, Output-based aid be merged into this article or section. ... Measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate the value of goods and services produced in an economy. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... Italic textsilly website ... The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested. ... The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing states. ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ... Debt relief is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations. ... Pro-European is a subjective term applied to a person who supports the European Union (EU) and/or further European integration, specifically in the context of political argument over the current and future status of the EU and its policies. ... The constitutional treaty as signed in Rome on 29 October 2004 by representatives of the EU member states The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE), commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an international treaty intended to create a constitution for the European Union. ... Subsidiarity is the idea that matters should be handled by the smallest (or, the lowest) competent authority. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ... ... The military of the Netherlands is composed of four branches, all of which carry the prefix royal: The Army, the regular, land based army branch. ... mtDNA-based chart of large human migrations. ... Permanent residency refers to a persons status such that the person is allowed to reside indefinitely within the country despite not having citizenship. ... Naturalization is the act whereby a person voluntarily and actively acquires a nationality which is not his or her nationality at birth. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... For other uses, see Human trafficking (disambiguation) A poster from the Canadian Department of Justice Trafficking in human beings is the commercial trade (smuggling) of human beings, who are subjected to involuntary acts such as begging, sexual exploitation (eg. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

• The party wants to use taxes, subsidies and the auctioning of emissions trading to increase the use of green energy. It opposes nuclear energy.
• It advocates investment in public transport instead of the construction of new roads and the imposing of a national system of toll roads.
• Animal rights should be secured in the constitution; with taxation and subsidies the GreenLeft wants to stimulate organic farming; the use of animal tests should be further limited by law.

The GreenLeft tries to offer an alternative for what it sees as the social demolition of the Second cabinet Balkenende and the conservatism of the SP and the PvdA. It seeks to create welfare state which is oriented towards the weakest groups in society, children of migrants, single mothers, people who don't have a permanent contract and disabled people. The GreenLeft wants to offer all these people a job, because it sees social participation as something valuable. This economic model is based on the economy of Denmark. Emissions trading is an administrative approach used to reduce the cost of pollution control by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. ... A solar trough array is an example of green energy Green energy is a term describing what is thought to be environmentally friendly sources of power and energy. ... For the commercial production of electricity from nuclear energy, see Nuclear power. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... A toll road, tollway, turnpike, pike or tollpike is a road on which a toll authority collects a fee for use. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Organic cultivation of mixed vegetables in Capay, California. ... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... The second cabinet of Jan Peter Balkenende of the Netherlands formed on May 27, 2003. ... The Socialist Party (SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist political party. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... A single parent is a parent with one or more children, who is neither married, nor living together with his or her partners. ... The term disability, as it is applied to humans, refers to any condition that impedes the completion of daily tasks using traditional methods. ... Denmarks industrialized market economy depends on imported raw materials and foreign trade. ...

• The GreenLeft proposes to lower the tax on labour. They claim this, by making labour intensive production cheaper, would improve employment, and increase the lowest incomes. Furthermore, they claim this labour intensive production is more environmentally friendly than capital intensive production.
• The party wants everybody who is unemployed for over a year to enter in a participation-contract with government. Together with the government a fitting occupation is sought for the unemployed person. This can be a job, but also an education or volunteer work. The person will receive at least minimum wage when he is occupied by such a participation-contract
• The GreenLeft seeks to make it easier for people to go on leave and to combine childrearing with a job.
• The party wants to support the weakest groups in society, by investing in education and especially vocational training.

The GreenLeft emphasizes individual freedom, the multicultural society and the rechtsstaat. Therefore the party wants to: A tax is an involuntary fee paid by individuals or businesses to a state, or to functional equivalents of a state, including tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements. ... Manual labor is a term used for physical work done with the hands, especially in an unskilled manual job such as fruit and vegetable picking, road building, or any other field where the work may be considered hard or arduous, which has as its objective the production of goods. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... Unemployment rates in the United States. ... The minimum wage is the minimum rate a worker can legally be paid (usually per hour) as opposed to wages that are determined by the forces of supply and demand in a free market. ... Vocational education (or Vocational Education and Training (VET)) prepares learners for careers or professions that are traditionally non-academic and directly related to a trade, occupation or vocation in which the learner participates. ... Multiculturalism is an ideology advocating that society should consist of, or at least allow and include, distinct cultural groups, with equal status. ... Rechtsstaat is a term borrowed from German jurisprudence which literally means a law-based state or constitutional state. It is a state in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by the law, and is often tied to the Anglo-American concept of the rule of law. ...

• Combat discrimination especially where it concerns ethnicity and especially on the labour market; minorities should be better represented in the police force
• Legalise the production, consumption and trade in soft drugs.
• Limit the use of preventive searching and the use of AIVD information in trials; and undo the duty to be able to identify oneself all the time.
• The party wants to democratize the Dutch political system, and is against the monarchy on principle.
• The GreenLeft is a staunch defender of the Dutch laws on euthanasia, abortion and same-sex marriage.

The word discrimination comes from the Latin discriminare, which means to distinguish between. To discriminate socially is to make a distinction between people on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit. ... This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ... Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning of the market for labour. ... For the band, see The Police. ... The drug policy of the Netherlands is based on 2 principles: Drug use is a public health issue, not a criminal matter A distinction between hard drugs and soft drugs exists It is a pragmatic policy. ... Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst (AIVD), formerly known as the BVD (Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst) is the General Intelligence and Security Office of the Netherlands. ... China ID card, front (top) back (bottom). ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... Euthanasia (from Greek: ευθανασία -ευ, eu, good, θανατος, thanatos, death) is the practice of terminating the life of a person or an animal because they are perceived as living an intolerable life, in a painless or minimally painful way either by lethal injection, drug overdose, or by the withdrawal of life support. ... The Netherlands has allowed same-sex marriage since April 1, 2001. ...

Representation & Support

Overview

In this table the election results of the GreenLeft in Tweede Kamer, Eerste Kamer, European and provincial elections is represented, as well as the party's political leadership: the fractievoorzitter, is the chair of the parliamentary party and the lijsttrekker is the party's top candidate in the general election, these posts are normally taken by the party's leader. The party's membership and the party chair is represented as well.

The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... Sign in the entrance of the European Parliament building in Brussels, written in all the official languages used in the European Union as of July 2006 The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The debating chamber, or hemicycle, in Strasbourg The European Parliament building in Brussels The European Parliament (formerly European... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... National summary Parties Christian Democratic Appeal (Christen-Democratisch Appèl) Democrats 66 (Democraten 66) Green Left (GroenLinks), merger of Political Party Radicals, Pacifist Socialist Party, Communist Party of the Netherlands and Evangelical Peoples Party Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) List Janmaat-Center Democrats (Lijst Janmaat-Centrumdemocraten), secession of... Maria Brigitta Catherina (Ria) Beckers-de Bruijn (Driebergen, November 2, 1938 – Wadenoijen, March 22 2006) was a Dutch Green politician, she was the political leader of the progressive christian PPR and the Green GreenLeft. ... Marijke Vos (officially Maria Bernadina Vos, born in Leidschendam may 4, 1957) is a dutch politician. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament The 1994 elections led to a landslide loss for the governing coalition of PvdA and CDA. The two liberal parties, VVD and D66 profited from this. ... Paul Rosenmöller (May 11, 1956) is a dutch journalist. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament During the 1998 election the purple coalition, with social-democrats, democrats and liberals fortified its majority. ... Elections in the Netherlands for the Tweede Kamer of Parliament Introduction The Dutch general election of 2002, held on May 15, 2002 was completely focused on the assassination of populist leader Pim Fortuyn, who questioned all forms of policies undertaken by the “purple cabinet” of Wim Kok. ... Introduction The Dutch general election of 2003 held on January 22, 2003 was held after the fall of the first Balkenende cabinet on October 16, 2002. ... Femke Halsema attending a demonstration Femke Halsema (Haarlem, April 25, 1966) is a politician in the Netherlands. ... Dutch lower house seats as of 2006 The 2006 Dutch general elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday, November 22, 2006, and followed the fall of the Second Balkenende cabinet. ...

Member of the Lower House of Parliament

After the 2003 elections the party has eight representatives in the lower house of parliament: Introduction The Dutch general election of 2003 held on January 22, 2003 was held after the fall of the first Balkenende cabinet on October 16, 2002. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ...

1. Femke Halsema, chairperson of the parliamentary party
2. Wijnand Duyvendak, vice-chairperson and spokesperson on the environment
3. Ineke van Gent, secretary and spokesperson on social affairs
4. Naïma Azough, spokesperson on integration and healthcare
5. Paul Jungbluth, spokesperson on education
6. Farah Karimi, spokesperon on foreign affairs
7. Kees Vendrik, spokesperson on finance
8. Nevin Özütok, spokesperson on justice

Three MPs left parliament this period: Arie Brand left because of health reasons, Evelien Tonkens became Professor of Citizenship at the University of Amsterdam and Marijke Vos left to become alderwoman in Amsterdam. Femke Halsema attending a demonstration Femke Halsema (Haarlem, April 25, 1966) is a politician in the Netherlands. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Farah Karimi (Born 15 november 1960 Isfahan) is a Persian-Dutch writer, human right activist and politician. ... From Athenaeum Illustre to University In January 1632 two internationally acclaimed scientists, Caspar Barlaeus and Gerardus Vossius, held their inaugural speech in the Athenaeum Illustre - the illustrious school - which had its seat in the 14th-century Agnietenkapel. ... Marijke Vos (officially Maria Bernadina Vos, born in Leidschendam may 4, 1957) is a dutch politician. ...

In 2006 Özütok, Karimi and Jungbluth announced that they would not run again. For the 2006 elections the following people form the top ten of the list: Dutch lower house seats as of 2006 The 2006 Dutch general elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday, November 22, 2006, and followed the fall of the Second Balkenende cabinet. ...

1. Femke Halsema
2. Kees Vendrik
3. Wijnand Duyvendak
4. Mariko Peters
5. Ineke van Gent
6. Naïma Azough
7. Tofik Dibi
8. Jolande Sap
9. Matthieu Hemelaar
10. Isabelle Diks

MEP Kathalijne Buitenweg and comedian Vincent Bijlo are last candidates. Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg (born 27 March 1970 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Green Left, which is part of the European Greens, and sits on the European Parliaments Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

Members of the Upper House of Parliament

After the 2003 elections the party has five representatives in the upper house of parliament: The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ...

1. Diana de Wolff, chairperson of the parliamentary party
2. Leo Platvoet, vice-chairperson of the parliamentary party
3. Jos van der Lans
4. Sam Pormes
5. Tof Thissen

Members of the European Parliament

After the 2004 European Parliament elections the party has two representatives in the European Parliament: Elections to the European Parliament were held from June 10, 2004 to June 13, 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... Sign in the entrance of the European Parliament building in Brussels, written in all the official languages used in the European Union as of July 2006 The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The debating chamber, or hemicycle, in Strasbourg The European Parliament building in Brussels The European Parliament (formerly European...

1. Drs. K.M. Buitenweg, and
2. Drs. J.J. Lagendijk

Together with Bart Staes from the Belgian party Groen!, they form one transnational delegation. GroenLinks MEPs are part of the Greens/EFA. Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg (born 27 March 1970 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Green Left, which is part of the European Greens, and sits on the European Parliaments Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. ... Joost Lagendijk (born 8 June 1957 in Roosendaal, Netherlands) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Bart Staes is a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Belgian environmentalist party Groen!. Categories: People stubs | Green politicians ... Green! (Groen!) is the Flemish green party in Belgium. ... The European Greens - European Free Alliance (The Greens/European Free Alliance; Greens/EFA; French: Le Groupe Verts/Alliance libre européenne; Les Verts/ALE, German Fraktion der Grünen/Freie Europäische Allianz) is one of the parliamentary groups in the European Parliament. ...

Municipal & Provincial Government

On the municipal level, the party provides 7 mayors (out of 414), in smaller municipalities such as Bloemendaal, Diemen and Wormerland, these are also appointed by the Minister of the Interior. The GreenLeft did perform particularly well in the 2006 municipal elections, losing several of its more than 400 seats. In the formation of municipal executives it was more successful and the number of municipal executives the GreenLeft was part of grew with 50%. It is part of the municipal executive of several larger cities notably Nijmegen, Utrecht, the Hague, Leiden, Rotterdam and Amsterdam, where former MP Marijke Vos is alderwoman. The GreenLeft has 70 members of burrough-level legislatives, 53 in Amsterdam and 17 in Rotterdam. Bloemendaal (population: 16,922 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Diemen Noord by night Diemen (population: 24,049 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Wormerland is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... The Dutch municipal elections of 2006 were held on March 7, 2006. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Country Netherlands Province Gelderland Area 57. ... Utrecht ( (help· info)) is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. ... Arms of The Hague Flag of The city of The Hague. ... Leyden redirects here. ... Rotterdam Location Coat of arms The coat of arms reads Sterker door strijd, i. ... Country Netherlands Province North Holland Coordinates Area 219. ... Marijke Vos (officially Maria Bernadina Vos, born in Leidschendam may 4, 1957) is a dutch politician. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

On the provincial level, the GreenLeft provides one Queen's Commissioner (out of 12) in North Holland. Queen's Commissioners appointed by the Minister of the Interior. The GreenLeft is part of the North Holland provincial executive. It holds 51 seats in provincial legislatives. There are two levels of local government in The Netherlands, the provinces and the municipalities. ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

In the following figure one can see the election results of the provincial election of 2003 per province. It shows the areas where the GreenLeft is strong, namely the urban areas like North Holland and Utrecht. The party is weaker in rural provinces like Friesland and Zeeland, but also strong in the rural Groningen, where the Communist Party of the Netherlands, one of the founding parties of the GreenLeft was very strong. The Communist party of the Netherlands (CPN, in Dutch Communistische Partij Nederland) was a communist party of the Netherlands. ...

The flag of Groningen Groningen is the northeast province of the Netherlands with a typical dialect (Gronings) with regional nuances. ... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... Capital Assen Queens Commissioner A.L. (Relus) ter Beek Religion (1999) Protestant 35% Catholic 8% Area  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water   2,642 km² (7th) 38 km² Population (2005)  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Density 483,173 (10th) 183/km² (12th) Inclusion 1796 Anthem Mijn Drenthe Official website www. ... Flag of Overijssel Overijssel is a province of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. ... Flevoland is a province of the Netherlands. ... Capital Arnhem Queens Commissioner Clemens Cornielje Religion (1999) Protestant 31% Catholic 29% Area  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water   4,975 km² (1st) 161 km² Population (2005)  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Density 1,970,865 (4th) 393/km² (6th) Inclusion {{{inclusion}}} Anthem Ons Gelderland ISO NL-GE Official website www. ... Utrecht is the smallest province of the Netherlands, and is located in the center of the country. ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... South Holland (Dutch Zuid-Holland) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the west of the country on the North Sea coast. ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ... North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country, bordered by Belgium in the south, the Meuse River (Maas) in the north, Limburg in the east and Zeeland in the west. ... Capital Maastricht Queens Commissioner L.J.P.M. (Leon) Frissen Religion (1999) Protestant 3% Catholic 80% Area  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water   2. ...

Electorate

The electorate of the GreenLeft is dominantly urban, and well-educated. More women than men vote GroenLinks. The party scores best in cities with universities, as it is popular among students and young people. The babyboom-generation, the people who were young in the 1960s is also well represented. Most of its voters have a post-materialist orientation. An urban area is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... The University of Cambridge is an institute of higher learning. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... Students attending a lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stŭdērĕ, meaning to direct ones zeal at; hence a student is one who directs zeal at a subject. ... Popular use of the word youth refers to a person who is neither an adult nor a child, but somewhere in between, scientifically referred to as an adolescent and, in most English speaking countries, commonly referred to as a teen or teenager. ... A baby boom is any period of greatly increased birth rate within temporal and usually geographical bounds. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Post materialism is an economic philosophy focussing on quality of life and enviornmental sustainability over income and material possessions. ...

Party Bureau of the GreenLeft in Utrecht

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 189 KB) Copy of the image at Dutch wikipedia author has licensed his work there. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 189 KB) Copy of the image at Dutch wikipedia author has licensed his work there. ...

Organization

Organizational structure

The highest organ of the GreenLeft is the party congress, which is open to all members. The congress elects the party-board, it decides on the order of the candidates for national and European elections and it has a final say over the party program. The congress convenes at least once every year in spring or when needed. The party board consists out of fifteen members who are elected for a two year term. The chairperson of this board is the only paid position on the board, the others are unpaid. The chairperson together with four other boardmembers (the vice-chair, the treasurer, the secretary, the European secretary and the international secretary) handles the daily affairs and meet every two weeks while the other ten board members meet only once a month. A Party Congress is a general conference of a political party. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

For the months that the congress does not convene, a party council takes over its role. It consists out of 80 representatives of all the 250 municipal branches. The party board and the nationally elected representatives of the party are responsible to the party council. It has the right to fill vacancies in the board, make changes to the party constitution and takes care of the party's finances.

GreenLeft MPs face relatively strong regulation: MPs are not allowed to run for more than three and a relatively high percentage of the income of MPs is taxed by the party.

The GreenLeft has 250 branches in nearly all Dutch municipalities and each province. There are multiple municipalities in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, where every borough has its own branch and they have federal branches at the municipal level. Branches enjoy considerable independence, and take care of their own campaigns, lists of candidates and programs for elections. Provincial congresses meet every year and municipal congresses more often. All provinces of the Netherlands are divided into municipalities (gemeenten), together 458 (2006); among these we can distinguish: those comprising one main city, town or village with the same name as the municipality, and possibly some additional villages; for example Utrecht, comprising the city Utrecht and the villages De Meern... The modern day Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces (provincies in Dutch), listed below with their capital city: Map of the Netherlands, with provinces and capital cities See also the ranked list of Dutch provinces Structure A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the... Country Netherlands Province North Holland Coordinates Area 219. ... Rotterdam Location Coat of arms The coat of arms reads Sterker door strijd, i. ... A Deelgemeente is a subdivision of Belgian municipalities. ...

Linked organisations

There are several organizations that have formal links to GreenLeft:

• The youth wing is called DWARS (Dutch for "contrary"), the GreenLeft Youth.
• The GreenLeft Magazine, which is published monthly, has an independent editorial board.
• The scientific bureau of the GreenLeft is an important thinktank, which publishes "de Helling" (Dutch for "the Slope").
• The foundation for Durable Solidarity, is an internationally-oriented organization linked to the GreenLeft which for instance organizes activities on Earth Day.
• The Left Cheek, platform for Religion and Politics, is a thinktank for progressive christians within the GreenLeft.

DWARS, de GroenLinkse jongerenorganisatie (Contrary, the GreenLeft Youth Organisation, for more information on the name see name section) is the independent youth wing of the GreenLeft the Dutch Green political party. ... This article is about the institution. ... Earth Day Flag. ... The Christian Left or Religious Left are terms used to describe those who hold a strong Christian belief and share left-wing, liberal, or socialist ideals. ...

International organisations

GroenLinks is a founding member of the European Green Party, and the European Federation of Green Parties. Furthermore it is a member of the Global Greens. European Greens (or the European Green Party) is the name of the European Green Party, a political party at European level. ... The European Federation of Green Parties is an umbrella organization of green parties in Europe. ... This article is about the green parties around the world. ...

Relationship to social organizations

The GreenLeft is a member of several alliances of social organizations like Turn the Tide (a protest movement against the policies of the cabinets Balkenende. It has strong personal, practical and ideological ties with environmental groups like Milieudefensie and the Foundation for Nature and the Environment. Many members of the GreenLeft are active with the FNV. Some prominent party-members, including Femke Halsema, have worked for De Balie an Amsterdam debating centre. The second cabinet of Jan Peter Balkenende of the Netherlands formed on May 27, 2003. ... The Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging (FNV, Federated Netherlands Labour Movement) is the largest federation of trade unions in the Netherlands. ...

Relationships to other parties

The GreenLeft was founded to become a mid-sized party to the left of the PvdA. In the 1994 elections however the Socialist Party (SP) also entered parliament. It became clear that the SP was more leftwing on economic issues. Now GroenLinks forms the centre party of the Dutch left, between conservative socialist SP and social democratic PvdA. This position is exemplified by the call of Femke Halsema to form a left-wing coalition after the 2006 elections, knowing that such a coalition is only possible with GreenLeft. The lijstverbinding between SP and GL in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 elections, and between the GreenLeft and PvdA in the 2004 European elections are examples of this position. The Socialist Party (Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a socialist party in the Netherlands. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ...

International Comparison

Internationally GreenLeft is comparable to the larger European Green parties, most of which have already been in government, like the German Alliance '90/The Greens. They are more realist and less Green than the American and English and Welsh green parties, but also in many cases more leftwing and internationalist. Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (literally: Alliance 90/The Greens), the German Green Party, is a political party in Germany whose regional predecessors were founded in the late 1970s as part of the new social movements. ... The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW) is the principal Green political party in England and Wales. ...

References

1. ^ Lucardie P. et al. Verloren Illusie, Geslaagde Fusie? GroenLinks in Historisch and Politicologische Perspectief 1999, Leiden: DSWO-press; p.45
2. ^ Van Schuur, W.H. et al. "Paul of Ina, Kanttekeningen bij de keuze van de politiek leider door GroenLinks" in Jaarboek Nederlandse Politieke Partijen 1994, Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties, 1994, p.248, see the site of the Documentation Centre
3. ^ Van Schuur, W.H. et al. "Paul of Ina, Kanttekeningen bij de keuze van de politiek leider door GroenLinks" in Jaarboek Nederlandse Politieke Partijen 1994, Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties, 1994, p.248, see the site of the Documentation Centre
4. ^ "de laatste links-liberale partij van Nederland" in "Halsema kiest voor liberalisme." in NRC Handelsblad, 11 October 2005.
5. ^ it can be downloaded here
6. ^ "Halsema kiest voor liberalisme." in NRC Handelsblad, 11 October 2005.
7. ^ Halsema, F., “Vrijzinnig Links” in De Helling 15:2
8. ^ Groei Mee

External links

• official site
• european green site
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• Leftwing Spring

This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... The Socialist Party (SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist political party. ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ... The Party for Freedom (Dutch: , PvV) is a Dutch conservative political party. ... The ChristianUnion (in Dutch: ChristenUnie, CU) is a relatively young dutch orthodox reformed political party. ... Democrats 66 (in Dutch: Democraten 66, D66, official name: Politieke Partij Democraten 66) is a Dutch progressive-liberal and radical-democratic political party. ... The Party for the Animals (Partij voor de Dieren) is a political party in the Netherlands without parliamentary representation. ... The Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP, literally Constitutional Reformed Party) is a Dutch constitutional theocratic political party following conservative Christian principles, in the tradition of the Dutch Reformed Church. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ... The Socialist Party (SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist political party. ... Democrats 66 (in Dutch: Democraten 66, D66, official name: Politieke Partij Democraten 66) is a Dutch progressive-liberal and radical-democratic political party. ... The ChristianUnion (in Dutch: ChristenUnie, CU) is a relatively young dutch orthodox reformed political party. ... Lijst Pim Fortuyn (List Pim Fortuyn) is a political party in the Netherlands. ... The Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP, literally Constitutional Reformed Party) is a Dutch constitutional theocratic political party following conservative Christian principles, in the tradition of the Dutch Reformed Church. ... The Independent Senate Group (Onafhankelijke Senaatsfractie) is a parliamentary group in the Dutch Senate with one senator, representing several provincial parties. ... Sign in the entrance of the European Parliament building in Brussels, written in all the official languages used in the European Union as of July 2006 The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The debating chamber, or hemicycle, in Strasbourg The European Parliament building in Brussels The European Parliament (formerly European... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ... For the Belgian political party of the same name, see Partij van de Arbeid (Belgium). ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ... The Socialist Party (SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist political party. ... Europe Transparent (Europa Transparant) is a political party in the Netherlands. ... The ChristianUnion (in Dutch: ChristenUnie, CU) is a relatively young dutch orthodox reformed political party. ... The Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP, literally Constitutional Reformed Party) is a Dutch constitutional theocratic political party following conservative Christian principles, in the tradition of the Dutch Reformed Church. ... Democrats 66 (in Dutch: Democraten 66, D66, official name: Politieke Partij Democraten 66) is a Dutch progressive-liberal and radical-democratic political party. ...