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Guanches (also: Guanchis or Guanchos) were the first known inhabitants of the Canary Islands. This people, whose origin is uncertain, were still at a Stone Age level when the Europeans first arrived in the Middle Ages. Their culture as such has since disappeared, although some traces can still be found. The Canaries is the nickname of Norwich City FC. The Canaries is also the nickname of Hitchin Town F.C.. Capital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife Official language(s) Spanish Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 13th 7,447 km² 1. ...
Stone Age fishing hook. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
 Guanche rock carvings in La Palma Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1122 KB) Gravures Guanches/Guanche engravings, Canary Islands Copied from the French version of Wikipedia to the Commons. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1122 KB) Gravures Guanches/Guanche engravings, Canary Islands Copied from the French version of Wikipedia to the Commons. ...
Historical background The native term Guanchinet means "man of Tenerife" (from Guan = person and Chinet = Tenerife). It was corrupted, according to Juan Núñez de la Peña, by Spaniards into "Guanchos". Strictly speaking, the Guanches were the primitive inhabitants of Tenerife, where the population seems to have lived in relative isolation up to the time of the Spanish conquest, around the 14th century (though Genoans, Portuguese, and Castillians had occasionally landed there since the second half of the 8th century). Flag of Tenerife Tenerife, a Spanish island, is the largest of the seven Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. ...
Juan Núñez de la Peña (May 1641-January 3, 1721), Spanish historian. ...
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...
Genoa (Genova in Italian - Zena in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ...
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(7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ...
The name came to be applied to the indigenous populations of all the seven Canary islands. The Guanches, now extinct as a distinct people, appear, from the study of skulls and bones discovered, to exhibit similarities to Cro-Magnon populations of the Mesolithic era, and links to the Berbers, who have long inhabited northern Africa from Egypt to the Atlantic, have been suggested. A Cro-Magnon male skull The Cro-Magnons (IPA: or anglicised IPA: ) form the earliest known European examples of Homo sapiens sapiens, from ca. ...
The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age[1]) was a period in the development of human technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. ...
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group autochtonous to Northwest Africa and speak various Berber languages. ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...
“Atlantic†redirects here. ...
Pliny the Elder, deriving his knowledge from the accounts of Juba, king of Mauretania, states that when visited by the Carthaginians under Hanno the Navigator the archipelago was found by them to be uninhabited, but that they saw ruins of great buildings. This may suggest that the Guanches were not the first inhabitants, if this account is accurate. From the absence of any trace of Islam among the peoples found in the archipelago by the Spaniards, it would seem that this extreme westerly migration of Berbers took place either before or as a result of the conquest of northern Africa by the Arabs. Many of the Guanches fell in resisting the Spaniards, many were sold as slaves, and many conformed to the Roman Catholic faith and married Spaniards. This pattern of events would be repeated in the Spanish subjugation of the Arawaks and other peoples of the New World only a century later. Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19c portrait. ...
Juba II Juba II (Iuba in Latin; Ιóβας (Ιóβα) or Ιουβας in Greek)[1] or Juba II of Numidia (52-50 BC - 23 AD) was a king of Numidia and then later moved to Mauretania. ...
Mauretania was a Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Mauri tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria and northern Morocco. ...
Carthage (Greek: , from the Phoenician Kart-hadasht meaning new town, Arabic: ‎, Latin: ) refers both to an ancient city in North Africa located in modern day Tunis and to the civilization that developed within the citys sphere of influence. ...
Hanno the Navigator was a Carthaginian explorer, sent out with a fleet and many thousands of colonists, who founded or repopulated seven Carthaginian cities on the Atlantic shore of Morocco and explored the Atlantic coast of Africa, apparently deep into the Gulf of Guinea. ...
The Mergui Archipelago An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ...
Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...
The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ...
Slave redirects here. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for cassava flour), was used to designate the Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in the Caribbean. ...
Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ...
What remains of their language, Guanche—a few expressions, vocabulary words and the proper names of ancient chieftains still borne by certain families—exhibits positive similarities with the Berber languages. The first reliable account of Guanche language was provided by Genovese explorer Nicoloso da Recco in 1341, with a translation of numbers used by the islanders. Guanche is an extinct language of Spain, especially the Canary Islands. ...
The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...
Nicoloso da Recco was a Genovese navigator of the XIV century who visited the Canary Islands in 1341 on behalf of Afonso IV of Portugal. ...
Petroglyphs attributed to various Mediterranean and northern African civilizations have been found on some of the islands. In 1752, Domingo Vandewalle, a military governor of Las Palmas, attempted to investigate them, and Aquilino Padron, a priest at Las Palmas, catalogued inscriptions at El Julan, La Candía and La Caleta on El Hierro. In 1878 Dr. R. Verneau discovered rock carvings in the ravines of Las Balos that bear similarities with Libyan or Numidic writing from the time of Roman occupation or earlier. In other locations, Libyco-Berber script has been identified. However, according to chroniclers, the Guanches did not possess a system of writing at the time of conquest. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria is a Spanish city, the capital city of Gran Canaria one of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, 210 kilometers located off the northwestern coast of Africa. ...
El Hierro, a Spanish island, is the smallest and furthest south and west of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. ...
1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Numidia was an ancient Berber kingdom in North Africa that later alternated between a Roman province and a Roman client state, and is no longer in existence today. ...
Motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, c. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Political System The political and social institutions of the Guanches varied. In some islands hereditary autocracy prevailed; in others the government was elective. In Tenerife all the land belonged to the chiefs who leased it to their subjects. In Gran Canaria, suicide was regarded as honourable, and on a chief inheriting, one of his subjects willingly honoured the occasion by throwing himself over a precipice. In some islands, polyandry was practised; in others the natives were monogamous. But everywhere the women appear to have been respected, an insult offered any woman by an armed man being a capital offence. An Autocracy is a form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual. ...
Gran Canaria, rarely Grand Canary (archaic), is the third largest island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean 210 km from the northwest coast of Africa and belonging to Spain. ...
It has been suggested that The Pros of suicide be merged into this article or section. ...
In social anthropology and sociobiology, polyandry (Greek: poly many, andros man) means a female forming a stable sexual union with more than one male. ...
The island of Tenerife was divided into nine small kingdoms (menceyatos), each ruled by a king or Mencey. The Mencey was the ultimate ruler of the kingdom, and at times, meetings were held between the various kings. When the Spanish invaded the Canary Islands, the southern kingdoms joined the Spanish invaders on the promise of the richer lands of the north. The Spanish would never reward them with their promise and betrayed them.
Clothes and Weapons Guanches wore garments made from goat skins or woven from plant fibers, which have been found in the tombs of Gran Canaria. They had a taste for ornaments, necklaces of wood, bone and shells, worked in different designs. Beads of baked earth, cylindrical and of all shapes, with smooth or polished surfaces, mostly colored black and red, were fairly common. In his research, Dr. René Verneau suggested that the objects the Spanish referred to as pintaderas, baked clay seal-shaped objects, were used as vessels for painting the body in various colours. They manufactured rough pottery, mostly without decorations, or ornamented by making fingernail indentations. (See also List of types of clothing) Introduction Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress, garments or attire) on the body (for the alternative, see nudity). ...
Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ...
Guanche weapons shared similarity with those of north African peoples, adapted to the insular environment (using wood, obsidian and stone as primary materials), with later influences from medieval European weaponry. Basic armaments in several of the islands included javelins of 1 to 2 m in length (known as Banot on Tenerife); round, polished stones; spears; maces (common in Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and known as Magado and Sunta, respectively); and shields (small in Tenerife and human-sized in Gran Canaria, where they were known as Tarja, made of Drago wood and painted with geometric shapes). In Gran Canaria, after the arrival of the Europeans, Guanche nobility were known to wield large wooden swords (larger than the European two-handed type) called Magido, which were said to be very effective against both infantrymen and cavalry. Weaponry made of wood was hardened with fire. These armaments were commonly complemented with a stone or obsidian knife known as a Tabona.
Dwellings were situated in natural or artificial caves in the mountains. In areas where cave dwellings were not feasible, they built small round houses and, according to the Spaniards, practiced crude fortification.
Funerals In La Palma the old people were at their own wish left to die alone. After bidding their family farewell they were carried to the sepulchral cave, nothing but a bowl of milk being left them. The Guanches embalmed their dead; many mummies have been found in an extreme state of desiccation, each weighing not more than 6 or 7 pounds. Two almost inaccessible caves in a vertical rock by the shore 3 miles from Santa Cruz (Tenerife) are said still to contain bones. The process of embalming seems to have varied. In Tenerife and Gran Canaria the corpse was simply wrapped up in goat and sheep skins, while in other islands a resinous substance was used to preserve the body, which was then placed in a cave difficult of access, or buried under a tumulus. The work of embalming was reserved for a special class, women for female corpses, men for male. Embalming seems not to have been universal, and bodies were often simply hidden in caves or buried. A mummy is a corpse whose skin and dried flesh have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or airlessness. ...
Religion Little is known of the religion of the Guanches. They appear to have had a distinct religious system. There was a general belief in a supreme being, called Acoran, in Gran Canaria, Achihuran in Tenerife, Eraoranhan in Hierro, and Abora in La Palma. The women of Hierro worshipped a goddess called Moneiba. According to tradition the male and female gods lived in mountains whence they descended to hear the prayers of the people. In other islands the natives venerated the sun, moon, earth and stars. A belief in an evil spirit was general. The demon of Tenerife was called Guayota and lived in the peak of Teide volcano, which was the hell called Echeyde. Acoran is the name given to the supreme god of the Guanche people on the island of Gran Canaria. ...
Abora is the name of the supreme being of the religion of the Guanches on the island of Palma. ...
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ...
Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ...
Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ...
This article is about the astronomical object. ...
Teide (Mount Teide or Pico del Teide) is a volcano and mountain on Tenerife, Canary Islands (28. ...
For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ...
In times of drought the Guanches drove their flocks to consecrated grounds, where the lambs were separated from their mothers in the belief that their plaintive bleatings would melt the heart of the Great Spirit. During the religious feasts all war and even personal quarrels were stayed.
Appearance and Origins Early Spanish accounts seem to indicate at least three distinct populations, each inhabiting different islands, and that at least some of the islanders exhibited physical traits also seen in northern European populations. Early chroniclers described one group as tall, blonde and blue-eyed, another as being of medium height and dark complexion, and the third group was said to be of smaller stature. The Guanche population of Tenerife were, according to accounts from the 15th century, tall, tan-skinned, and powerfully built, with some having blond hair and blue eyes. The 11th Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica notes that the Guanches were blue- or grey-eyed and had blondish hair, and that they resembled a Cro-Magnon people. Interestingly, Christopher Columbus described in his journal that the Indians he encountered in the New World were the color of the Canarians. Flag of Tenerife Tenerife, a Spanish island, is the largest of the seven Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. ...
(14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...
1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt - look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelt with æ, the ae-ligature) is the oldest English-language general encyclopedia. ...
A Cro-Magnon male skull The Cro-Magnons (IPA: or anglicised IPA: ) form the earliest known European examples of Homo sapiens sapiens, from ca. ...
These observations about the appearance of the Guanche peoples have led to considerable speculation about their origins. Some theories state that the Guanches inherited their fair traits from the Celts or some other group originating on the European continent; indeed, the Celts and Germanic tribes enjoyed a much wider distribution across Western Europe in pre-Roman times, including the Iberian peninsula. A Celtic cross. ...
A Celtic cross. ...
The term Germanic tribes (or Teutonic tribes) applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ...
The diversity of physical traits observed may indicate that the Canaries were populated over time by more than one single source. It seems likely that northern African peoples (most likely descendants of the Capsian culture) made a significant contribution to the aboriginal population of the Canaries following desiccation of the Sahara at some point after 6000 BC. Both linguistic and genetic evidence seems to suggest that aboriginal Canary Islanders and the Berbers of northern Africa shared common origins. The Capsian culture (named after the town of Gafsa) was a Mesolithic culture of the Maghreb, which lasted from about 10000 BC to 6000 BC. It was concentrated mainly in modern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, with some sites attested in Cyrenaica (Libya). ...
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
The Conquest The conquest of the islands began in 1402, with the expedition of Juan de Bethencourt and Gadifer de la Salle to the island of Lanzarote. Gadifer would conquer Lanzarote and Fuerteventura with ease since many of the aborigenes, faced with issues of starvation and poor agriculture, would surrender to Spanish Reign. Image File history File linksMetadata AlonsoFernandezdeLugo3. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata AlonsoFernandezdeLugo3. ...
Alonso Luis Fernández de Lugo (?-1525), Spanish military man and administrator. ...
Redirect page Categories: Redirects from title without diacritics | Unprintworthy redirects ...
Gadifer De La Salle (1340 in Sainte-Radegonde, Vrines, France–1415) was a French soldier of Norman origin who, with Jean de Béthencourt, conquered and explored the Canary Islands. ...
The other five islands fought back. El Hierro and the Bimbache population were the next to fall, then La Gomera, La Palma, Gran Canaria and 100 years later, Tenerife.
Tenerife was most successful against the Spanish invaders. In the First Battle of Acentejo, called La Matanza or "The Slaughter," poorly armed Guanches with only stones ambushed the Spanish in a valley and killed many. The First Battle of Acentejo was a battle that took place on the island of Tenerife between the Guanches and an alliance of Spaniards, other Europeans, associated natives (mostly from other islands), on May 31, 1494, during the Spanish conquest of this island. ...
One in five survived, including the leader of the expedition, Alonso Fernandez de Lugo. Lugo would return later to the island after many defeats and with the alliance of the southern part of the island. The northern Menceyatos or provinces would fall at the Second Battle of Acentejo with the defeat of Bencomo, Mencey of Taoro - what is now the Orotava Valley - in 1496. The native kings of Tenerife surrender to Alonso Fernández de Lugo, July 25, 1496. ...
The Second Battle of Acentejo was a battle that took place on December 25, 1495, between the invading Spanish forces and the natives of the island of Tenerife, known as Guanches. ...
Bencomo (or Benchomo) (died December 1495) was mencey or king of Taoro, a Guanche menceyato on the island of Tenerife. ...
Guanche people Doramas was a warrior of the Canary Islands who was a member of the aboriginal resistance on the island of Grand Canary. ...
Guanche sigoñe (warrior chief) of Tenerife, (?-December 1495), also known as Achimenchia Tinguaro. ...
Bencomo (or Benchomo) (died December 1495) was mencey or king of Taoro, a Guanche menceyato on the island of Tenerife. ...
Garajonay National Park (Parque nacional de Garajonay) is located in the center and north of the island of La Gomera, one of the Canary Islands. ...
Tanausu, as pictured on the cover of Braems book Tanausu or Tanausú (d. ...
Fernando Guanarteme (born Tenesor Semidan) was a Guanche ally of the Spaniards who assisted them in their conquest of the Canary Islands during the late fifteenth century. ...
Maninidra was a Guanche ally of the Spaniards from Gran Canaria who assisted them in their conquest of the Canary Islands during the late fifteenth century. ...
See also Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Guanche is an extinct language of Spain, especially the Canary Islands. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Silbo Gomero (Gomeran whistle) is a whistled language spoken by inhabitants of La Gomera in the Canary Islands to communicate across the deep valleys (barrancos) that radiate through the island (Busnel and Classe 1976: 1). ...
Islenos (from the Spanish isleños, plural of islander) are descendants of Canary Islanders who came to America and settled in the lower Mississippi River Delta of Louisiana between 1778 and 1783. ...
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References - This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900, 1993
- John Mercer, The Canary Islanders: Their History, Conquest & Survival, 1980
Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Kabyle_people. ...
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