?ગુજરાત Gujarat India
Gandhinagar
Coordinates: 23°13′00″N 72°40′60″E / 23.2167, 72.6833
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	196,024 km² (75,685 sq mi)
Capital	Gandhinagar
Largest city	Ahmedabad
District(s)	26
Language(s)	Gujarati
Governor	Naval Kishore Sharma
Chief Minister	Narendra Modi
Established	1960-05-01
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (182)
ISO abbreviation	IN-GJ
Website: www.gujaratindia.com

Coordinates: 23°13′00″N 72°40′60″E / 23.2167, 72.6833 Gujrat (Urdu: گجرات) is a district in Pakistan located in Punjab Province. ... Gujrat (Urdu/Punjabi: گجرات) is a city in Pakistan located in Gujrat District in the Punjab Province. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links India_Gujarat_locator_map. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh National Capital Territory of Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar... Gandhinagar   (Gujarati: ગાંધીનગર, Hindi: गाँधीनगर) is the capital of Gujarat State, India. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... The divisions of a district. ... The Indian state of Gujarat was created in 1960 out of the 17 northern districts of former Bombay state: Ahmedabad, Amreli, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dang, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kheda, Kutch, Mehsana, Panchmahal, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, and Vadodara. ... As a large and linguistically diverse country, India does not have a single official language. ... Gujarati (ગુજરાતી GujÇŽrātÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... Governors of Gujarat See Also Gujarat Governors of India Links Categories: India-related stubs | Gujarat | Indian politicians | Office-holders | Government of India ... Shri Nawal Kishore Sharma, born 5 July 1925 in Dausa, Rajasthan, is the current Governor of Gujarat state in India, a position he has held since July 2004. ... This article lists the Chief Ministers of Gujarat state in chronological order. ... Narendra Dāmodardās ModÄ« (GujarātÄ«: નરેન્દ્ર મોદી, born September 17, 1950) is the incumbent Chief Minister of the state of Gujarat since October 7, 2001. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Government of India (Hindi: भारत सरकार [1]Bhārat Sarkār), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of... Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard. ... ISO 3166-2 for India (ISO 3166-1 : IN) The purpose of this family of standards is to establish a worldwide series of short abbreviations for places, for use on package labels, containers and such. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Gujarat (Gujarati: ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, IPA: /gudʒ(ə)ɾat̪/ (help· info)) is a state in the Republic of India. With 19.8% of the country's total industrial output, it is the most industrialized state in India. Gujarat borders Pakistan, and the states of Rajasthan to the north-east, Madhya Pradesh to the east, Maharashtra and the Union territories of Diu, Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the south. Historically, the North was known as Anarta, the Kathiawad peninsula, "Saurastra", and the South as "Lata".^[1] The international border with Pakistan is to the north-west. The Arabian Sea makes up the state's western coast. Its capital, Gandhinagar is a planned city and is located near Ahmedabad, the commercial center of Gujarat. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી GujÇŽrātÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... Image File history File links Gujarat. ... India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... A Union Territory is an administrative division of India. ... Diu is a city in Diu district in the state of Daman & Diu, India. ... Daman may mean: Daman and Diu, a formerly-Portuguese territory of India Daman, a philosopher of ancient Greece This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... Gandhinagar   (Gujarati: ગાંધીનગર, Hindi: गाँधीनगर) is the capital of Gujarat State, India. ... A New town or planned community or planned city is a city, town, or community that was designed from scratch, and grew up more or less following the plan. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ...

[edit] History

Main article: History of Gujarat

Situated on the western coast of India, the name of the state is derived from Gujjarātta (Gurjar Rāshtra), which means the land of the Gujjars . ...

[edit] Migration and Hindu Kingdoms

The name of the state is derived from Gujarāta (Gurjar Rāshtra), which means Gurjar nation. Gurjars were an old clan that was present even during the Mahabharata period, according to another theory, they are one of the Central Asian tribes that migrated to India beginning from around the first century BC. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch, served as ports and trading centres for the Maurya and Gupta empires. After the collapse of the Gupta empire in the sixth century, Gujarat flourished as an independent Hindu kingdom. The Maitraka dynasty, descended from a Gupta general, ruled from the sixth to the eighth centuries from their capital at Vallabhi, although they were ruled briefly by Harsha during the seventh century. In 775 the first Parsi (Zoroastrian) refugees arrived in Gujarat from Iran. The Arab rulers of Sind sacked Vallabhi in 770, bringing the Maitraka dynasty to an end. A branch of the Pratihara clan ruled Gujarat after the eighth century. From the ninth century until the invasion by the Muslim rulers of Delhi in the late thirteenth century, it was ruled by the Solanki dynasty. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gujar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the film by Peter Brook, see The Mahabharata (1989 film). ... Central Asia is a region of Asia. ... Bharuch is a city and a municipality in Bharuch district in the state of Gujarat, India. ... Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), known to the Greeks as Sandracottus, was the first emperor of the Mauryan empire. ... The Gupta Empire under Chandragupta II (ruled 375-415) The Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in the world. ... The Maitraka dynasty ruled Gujarat in western India from the c. ... Vallabhi (modern Vala) is an ancient city located in Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, in western India, near Bhavnagar. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ... This article is about the Parsi community. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Le de de Sind de ou de Sindh de (Sindhi: ‎, Urdu: ‎, Hindi: ) peut se rapporter : * Sindh de le Pakistan (de 1970), retitré du ** de province de Sind dedans 1990 * [[provinces de |Sind] de province de Sind (1936-1955)] de lInde britannique (1936-04-01 - 1947-08-13) ** de le... The Pratiharas (Hindi परतिहार pratihāra, also known as Parihars) ruled a large kingdom in northern India from the 6th to the 11th centuries. ... For the English cricketer, See Vikram Solanki The Solanki or Chalukya is a Hindu Gurjar,Rajput dynasty of India, who ruled the kingdom of Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th centuries. ...

[edit] 1297 AD – 1850 AD

In 1297 to 1298 Ala ud din Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, destroyed Anhilwara and incorporated Gujarat into the Delhi Sultanate. After Timur's sacking of Delhi at the end of the fourteenth century weakened the Sultanate, Gujarat's Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ahmed Shah (ruled 1411 to 1442), restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. Cambay eclipsed Bharuch as Gujarat's most important trade port. The Sultanate of Gujarat remained independent until 1576, when the Mughal emperor Akbar conquered it and annexed it to the Mughal Empire. It remained a province of the Mughal empire until the Marathas sacked eastern and central Gujarat in the eighteenth century; Western Gujarat (Kathiawar and Kutch) were divided among numerous local rulers. Ala-ud-din Khilji (Persian: علاء الدین خلجی ) (real name Juna Khan) (d. ... The Delhi Sultanate, or Sulthanath-e-Hind/Sulthanath-e-Dilli refers to the various dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... For the similar-sounding word Timor, see Timor (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... Ahmed Shah was a sultan of Gujarats ruling Muzaffarid dynasty from 1411 until his death in 1442. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... Cambay, also known as Khambhat, is a town in Gujarat state, India. ... Bharuch is a city and a municipality in Bharuch district in the state of Gujarat, India. ... The Gujarat Sultanate was established in the 15th century, It ended 1576. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai, Turkish; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605–1627 Jahangir  - 1628–1658 Shah Jahan  - 1659–1707 Aurangzeb History  - Established April 21, 1526  - Ended September 21, 1857 Area... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... Kathiawar in between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ... Kutch (Kuchchh) District, State of Gujarat Kutch (also spelled Cutch, Kachh, Kachch and even Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. ...

Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion

Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion

Download high resolution version (1000x819, 249 KB)Bombay Presidency, northern portion, 1909. ... Download high resolution version (1000x819, 249 KB)Bombay Presidency, northern portion, 1909. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1208, 369 KB)Bombay Presidency, southern portion, 1909. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1208, 369 KB)Bombay Presidency, southern portion, 1909. ...

[edit] 1614 AD - 1947 AD

Portugal was the first European power to arrive in Gujarat, acquiring several enclaves along the Gujarati coast, including Daman and Diu as well as Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The British East India Company established a factory in Surat in 1614, which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by Bombay after the British acquired it from Portugal in 1668. The Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha Gaekwads of Baroda (Vadodara), made a separate peace with the British, and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. Gujarat was placed under the political authority of the Bombay Presidency, with the exception of Baroda state, which had a direct relationship with the Governor-General of India. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including Kathiawar, Kutch, and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into dozens of princely states, but several districts in central and southern Gujarat, namely Ahmedabad, Broach (Bharuch), Kaira, Panch Mahals, and Surat, were ruled directly by British officials. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... A Factor, from the Latin he who does (parallel to agent from Latin agens), is a person who professionally acts as the representative of another individual or other legal entity, notably in the following contexts: // Mercantile Factor In a relatively large company, there could be a hierarchy, including several gardes... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... , Bombay redirects here. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803 - 1805) was a second conflict between Britain and the Maratha empire in India. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... The Gaekwad or Gaekwar (once rendered as Guicowar) (Gujarati: ગાયકવાડ ; Marathi: गायकवाड) was a Maratha dynasty that ruled the princely state of Baroda in western India from the mid-eighteenth century until 1947. ... , Vadodara (Gujarati: વડોદરા,Marathi:बडोदा)  ), also known as Baroda, is the third most-populated town in the Indian state of Gujarat after Ahmedabad and Surat. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... The Governor-Generals Flag (1885–1947) depicted the Star of India on a Union Flag. ... Kathiawar in between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ... Kutch (Kuchchh) District, State of Gujarat Kutch (also spelled Cutch, Kachh, Kachch and even Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. ... A princely state or native state was a feudal monarchy in British India ruled by a hereditary ruler, who was nominally sovereign. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... Bharuch is a city and a municipality in Bharuch district in the state of Gujarat, India. ... Kheda is a town in the Gujarat state of India. ... Panchmahal, also Panch Mahal, is a district in the western India, in the eastern portion of Gujarat state. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...

[edit] Indian independence movement

Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Morarji Desai, K.M. Munshi, Narhari Parikh, Mahadev Desai, Mohanlal Pandya, Bhulabhai Desai and Ravi Shankar Vyas all hailed from Gujarat. In addition, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Pakistan's first Governor-General, father was from an area which later became Gujarat. Gujarat was also the site of some of the most popular revolts, including the Satyagrahas in Kheda, Bardoli, Borsad and the Salt Satyagraha. “Gandhi” redirects here. ... Vallabhbhai Patel (Gujarati: , Hindi: ; IPA: ) (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950) was a political and social leader of India who played a major role in the countrys struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. ... Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (Hindi: ) (February 29, 1896 – April 10, 1995) was an Indian freedom fighter and the first Prime Minister that did not belong to the Indian Congress Party. ... Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi was an Indian freedom fighter from the state of Gujarat. ... Narhari Parikh was an Indian freedom fighter and social reformer, who was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and the chief architect of the Indian Independence Movement in Gujarat. ... Mahadev Desai was the personal secretary of Mohandas K. Gandhi for 25 years, from 1917 to Desais death in 1942. ... Mohanlal Pandya was an Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and one of the earliest followers of Mahatma Gandhi. ... Bhulabhai Desai (b. ... Ravi Shankar Vyas was an Indian freedom fighter and social reformer, hailing from and working in the state of Gujarat. ... Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah (referred to in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam, or Great Leader, which is a legally defined title) (December 25, 1876 - September 11, 1948) was an Indian Muslim nationalist, who led the movement demanding a separate homeland for Muslims in... Mohandas Karamchand “Mahatma” Gandhi, who developed Satyagraha Satyagraha (Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह satyāgraha) is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas K. Gandhi. ... Kheda is a town in the Gujarat state of India. ... The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1925 in the state of Gujarat, India during the British Raj was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. ... Borsad is a key town and taluka in the district of Anand (previously Kheda). ... Scenes on the eve of the Salt Satyagraha, Gandhis famous 240 mile march on foot to the sea at Dandi. ...

See also: Freedom fighters from Gujarat

This is a listing of Indian freedom fighters, which in this context usually means individuals who fought against foreign domination and cultural imposition on the Indian sub-continent. ...

[edit] Post independence

After Indian independence and the partition of India in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; Saurashtra, which included the former princely states on the Kathiawar peninsula, Kutch, and Bombay state, which included the former British districts of Bombay Presidency together with most of Baroda state and the other former princely states of eastern Gujarat. In 1956, Bombay state was enlarged to include Kutch, Saurashtra, and parts of Hyderabad state and Madhya Pradesh in central India. The new state had a mostly Gujarati-speaking north and a Marathi-speaking south. Agitation by Marathi nationalists for their own state led to the split of Bombay state on linguistic lines; on 1 May 1960, it became the new states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The first capital of Gujarat was Ahmedabad; the capital was moved to Gandhinagar in 1970. The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... This article is under construction. ... Saurashtra in between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ... Kathiawar in between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ... Kutch (Kuchchh) District, State of Gujarat Kutch (also spelled Cutch, Kachh, Kachch and even Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. ... Bombay state is a former state of India. ... Flag Capital Hyderabad Government Principality Nizam  - 1720-48 (first) Asaf Jah I  - 1911-48 (last) Asaf Jah VII History  - Established 1724  - Annexed by India September 18, 1948 Hyderābād and Berar   (Telugu: హైదరాబాదు Urdu: حیدر آباد) under the Nizams, was the largest princely state in India. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... Gandhinagar   (Gujarati: ગાંધીનગર, Hindi: गाँधीनगर) is the capital of Gujarat State, India. ...

[edit] 2001 Gujarat earthquake

Main article: 2001 Gujarat Earthquake

Gujarat was hit by a devastating earthquake on January 26, 2001 at 08:46, which claimed more than 12,000 lives, injured another 55,000 people and severely affected the lives of forty million people in the region. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake was reportedly the most devastating earthquake in India in recent history. ... This article is about the natural seismic phenomenon. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

[edit] 2002 Gujarat Violence

Main article: 2002 Gujarat Violence

In the morning of February 27, 2002, the Sabarmati Express - carrying cadres of the Hindu right from Ayodhya, where they had gone to express their vigorous support for building a temple at a legally and politically disputed site - met with attacks from islamic millitants intending to kill innocent Hindu pilgrims near Godhra railway station in Gujarat. The skyline of Ahmedabad filled with smoke as buildings and shops are set on fire by rioting mobs. ...

A retaliatory bloodbath followed in many parts of the state. Mobs torched Muslim homes and businesses, killed Muslim people and grounded mosques and graves. Over 100,000 Muslims were pushed into the state’s ramshackle refugee camps, where basic amenities were minimal and living conditions abysmal. Fundamentalist Hindus as well as the governing BJP party has been blamed for planning attacks on Muslims in Gujarat. BJP could mean one of Indias largest political parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party British Journal of Photography British Journal of Psychiatry British Journal of Pharmocology This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The Akshardham Temple in Gandhinagar was attacked on September 25, 2002 by two heavily armed Muslim terrorists. By the end of the attack, 29 people were killed and another 79 wounded. Apart from the 25 people killed in the first assault, 1 state police officer and 1 commando also died in the action. One more seriously injured commando Surjan Singh Bhandari died after about 2 years of being in coma fighting death. In the series Ex Home Minister Haren Pandya was assassinated in the wee hours of March 2003. (Sapovadia 13:40, 15 November 2007 (UTC)) The main Akshardham temple complex Swaminarayan Akshardham is a Hindu temple complex in Delhi, India. ...

[edit] Geography

Geography of Gujarat. Courtesy: NASA Earth Observatory

Gujarat is the westernmost state of India. It is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west and southwest, and Pakistan to the north. The state of Rajasthan is to the northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and Maharashtra and the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the south and southeast of Gujarat. Image File history File links Gujarat Gegoraphy. ... Image File history File links Gujarat Gegoraphy. ... NASA Earth Observatory is an online publication of NASA where the public can access satellite imagery and scientific information about our planet for free. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ...

[edit] Climate and natural features

The relief is low in the most parts of the state and involves diverse climate conditions.The winters are mild, pleasant, and dry with average daytime temperatures around 83 °F(29 °C) and nights around 53 °F(12 °C) with 100 percent sunny days and clear nights. The summers are extremely hot and dry with day temperatures around 105 °F(41 °C) and at night no lower than 85 °F(29 °C) with sunshine. The time just before the monsoon the temperature are similar to above but now there is high humidity which makes the air feel hotter. Relief comes when the monsoon season starts around in mid June. The day temperatures are lower to around 95 °F(35 °C) but humidity is very high and nights are around 80 °F(27 °C). Most of the rainfall occurs in this season. There is sometimes too much rain which cause severe floods. Sun is a rare sight during the monsoon season. Though mostly dry, it is desertic in the north-west, and wet in the southern districts due to heavy monsoon season. This article is about arid terrain. ... For other uses, see Monsoon (disambiguation). ...

[edit] Districts of Gujrat

• Ahmedabad
  
• Amreli
  
• Anand
  
• Nadiad (Kheda)
• Banaskatha (Palanpur)
  
• Bharuch
  
• Bhavnagar
  
• Dahod
  
• bhagirath
  
• Dang (Ahava)
  
• Gandhinagar
  
• Jamnagar
  
• Junagadh
  
• Kutchh
  
• Mehsana
  
• Navsari
  
• Panchmahal(Godhara)
  
• Patan
  
• Porbandar
  
• Rajkot
  
• Narmada (Rajpipla)
  
• Sabarkantha (Himmat Nagar)
• Surat
  
• Surendra Nagar
  
• Vadodara - also known as Baroda
  
• Valsad
  

[edit] Gujrat a Glance

[edit] Demographics

The population of the Gujarat State is about 50,671,017 as per the 2001 census data. The density of population is only 258 persons per sq. km. compares favourable with the other states of the country.

Its official and primary language is Gujarati. About 89.1% of the population of Gujarat are Hindu. ^[2] Muslims account for 9.1%, Jain 1.0% and Sikh 0.1% of the population. ^[3] Most of the Gujarati Hindu are strict vegetarians. Amongst Hindus the deity of Krishna is famously worshipped in His form of Shrinathji throughout Gujarat. Gujarat is the birthplace of Gandhi. Gujarat is also the birthplace of the Swaminarayan sect of Hinduism. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Nathdwara. ... Bhagwan Shree Swaminarayan Bhagwan Swaminarayan (April 2, 1781 - 1830) was born Ghanshyam Maharaj to a brahmin family in the village of Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh, India. ...

It should be noted that 91% of the Hindus speak Gujarati while the rest speak Hindi, Marathi and other languages. Almost 88% of the Muslims speak Gujarati while the rest speak Urdu. Almost all of the Jains speak Gujarati. Parsi Zoroastrians also speak Gujarati as their native language. This article is about the Parsi community. ...

Besides Gujarati the Kutchi dialect is widely spoken in the Kutch District. The Kutchi language originates from Kutch, India. ... Kutch (Kuchchh) District, State of Gujarat Kutch (also spelled Cutch, Kachh, Kachch and even Kachchh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. ...

[edit] People

Gujarat is home to number of groups that settled from outside including Huns, Sakas, Muslims (Turks, Persians, Arabs, Pashtuns). Gujarat is divided mostly along Hindu caste lines. The largest Hindu caste is Koli or Koli Patel which makes up 20% of the population. The second largest Hindu caste is Patidar or Kanbi which makes up roughly 15% of the population. Other major Hindu caste groups are Brahmin, Vaishnava, Suthar,Luhar,Kadiya,Kumbhar,Adivasi, Rajput, Vaniya, Anavil, Harijan, Lohana, and number of other small sub-castes. The two largest Hindu caste, Koli and Kanbi, are distributed throughout Gujarat while other are found only in certain areas of Gujarat. e.g. Anavil are mainly found in South Gujarat while Lohanas are found in Saurashtra region. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Patel. ...

The Meghwals are masters of weaving cotton and wool as also embroidery and appliqué work.

The Ahirs came with Lord Krishna from Gokul in Uttar Pradesh. Most of the communities of Ahirs began with selling ghee and milk and are now spread all over the state.

The Rabaris are a nomadic tribe always wandering with their herds. The origin of this tribe has been traced back to Sind and Afghanistan though many aspects of this tribe still remain a puzzle for anthropologists. They have been classified into three distinct groups, namely Vagadia, Dhabaria, and Kachhi. Women of this tribe engage themselves in making elaborate embroidery pieces while the men spend their time tending to their camels and sheep.

Moreover Gujarat being a heavily industrialized state of India, attracts lots of outsiders from various parts of India.

[edit] Economy

[edit] Macro-economic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Gujarat at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.

Gujarat is one of the most prosperous states of the country, having a per-capita GDP 20 times India's average^{[citation needed]}. If it was a nation it would have been 67th richest nation above many European and Asian economies like Ukraine^{[citation needed]}. Gujarat controls some of the largest businesses in India. According to the data published by Punjab and Maharashtra, at Rs. 15,800.^[4] Major Agricultural produce of the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugar cane, milk & milk products. Industrial products include cement, and petrol. Binomial name Phoenix dactylifera L. The Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera is a palm, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. ... Petrol redirects here. ...

Gujarat holds many records in India for economic development:^{[citation needed]}

• 20% of India's Industrial Output
• 10 of its Mineral Production
• 20% of its exports
• 25% of its textile production
• 40% of India's pharmaceutical products
• 47% petrochemical production
• Largest Sea shore, 1670 km.

The worlds largest ship breaking yard is in Gujarat near Bhavnagar at Alang. Reliance Petroleum Limited, one of the group companies of Reliance Industries Limited founded by Dhirubhai Ambani operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar which is the world's largest grass roots refineries.^[5]The company has also planned another SEZ(special economic zone), in Jamnagar^[6][7].

Gujarat ranks first nationwide in gas-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 8% and second nationwide in nuclear electricity generation with national market share of over 1%. This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by installed capacity of power utilities with generation mode break-up as of 3 April 2006 published by the Ministry of Power with figures in millions of watts. ...

Over 20% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Gujarat.

See also: List of conglomerates in Gujarat

As per RBI report, in year 2006-07, 26% out of total bank finance in India was in Gujarat. (Sapovadia 13:40, 15 November 2007 (UTC)) This is a list of NSE-indexed conglomerates with corporate offices in Gujarat. ...

[edit] Industrial growth and advantage

One of India's most industrialized states, Gujarat maintains a variety of industries, the principal ones being general and electrical engineering and the manufacture of textiles, vegetable oils, chemicals, soda ash, and cement. New industries include the production of fertilizers and petrochemicals. Major resources produced by the state include cotton, peanuts, dates, sugarcane, and petrol. The state is rich in calcite, gypsum, manganese, lignite, bauxite, limestone, agate, feldspar and quartz sand and successful mining of these minerals is done in their specified areas. Gujarat produces about 90% of India’s required amount of Soda Ash and gives the country about 66% of its national requirement of salt. It is one of India's most prosperous states, having a per-capita GDP significantly above India's average. Kalol Khambat and Ankaleshwar are today known for their oil and natural gas production. ‘Dhuranan’ has a thermal power station, which uses coal, oil and gas. The Tarapur nuclear station in Maharashtra supplies the remaining power. Also on the Gulf of Khambat, 50 kilometers southeast of Bhavnagar , is the Alang Ship Recycling Yard (the world's largest). General Motors produces the ‘Astra’ car near Vadodara. Jalalpur is a large town of Gujrat, where several small and large textile industrial unit have been established. Surat, a city by the Gulf of Khambat , is hub of global diamond trade.

• During the period 1960-90, Gujarat established itself as a leader in various industrial sectors - Textiles, Engineering, Chemicals,Petrochemicals, Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Dairy, Cement & Ceramics, Gems & Jewellery, etc.
• Post-liberalization period saw Gujarat's State Domestic Product (SDP) rising at an average growth rate of 14% per annum in real terms (from 1994 -2002).
• Gujarat achieved as much as 35% of augmentation in its power generation capacity during the period 1995-96 and 2000-01. The producers (IPPs) have contributed significantly in this addition. As a matter of fact Gujarat is one of the first few states in India to have encouraged private sector investment and are already in operation. In addition the liquid cargo (Chemicals) handling port at Dahej is also set up in joint sector and made operational.
• In an investor's summit entitled Vibrant Gujarat arranged between January 10, 2007 to January 13, 2007, at Science City, Ahmedabad, the state government signed 104 Memoranda of Understandings for Special Economic Zones totalling worth Rs 2.5 lakh crore. ^[8]. However, most of the investment was from domestic industry.^[9]

is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... , Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ...

[edit] Agriculture

The major food crops in the State are Rice, Wheat, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Tur, Gram, Groundnut while major non food crops are Cotton, Tobacco. Gujarat has an agricultural economy; the total crop area amounts to more than one-half of the total land area.

Animal Husbandry and Dairying have played a vital role in the rural economy of Gujarat. Dairy farming, primarily concerned with milk production, functions on a cooperative basis and has more than a million members. Gujrat is the largest producer of milk in India. The ‘Amul’ products are well known all over India. Among livestock raised are buffalo and other cattle, sheep, and goats. As per the results of livestock census 1997, there were 209.70 lakh livestock in Gujarat State. As per the estimates of the survey of major livestock products, during the year 2002-03 the production of milk, eggs and wool was of 6.09 million tonnes, 385 million eggs and 2.71 million kg. respectively. The state is the main producer of tobacco, cotton, and groundnut in the country. Gujarat also contributes inputs to industries like textiles, oil and soap.

[edit] Amul

Anand,Gujarat is the birthplace of the Amul milk co-operative federation. Started by Tribhovandas Patel and ably led for many years after him by Verghese Kurien this movement has served as a model for other co-operative movements throughout India. Look up Anand in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Amuliosis (Anand Milk-producers Union Limited), formed in 1990, is a dairy cooperative movement in India. ... Tribhovandas Patel was the founder of the Amul co-operative movement in Anand, Kheda District, Gujarat. ... Dr Verghese Kurien Dr. Verghese Kurien (born November 26, 1921) is called the father of the White Revolution in India. ...

[edit] Government and politics

Districts of Gujarat

Main article: Politics of Gujarat

Further information: Districts of Gujarat and Chief Ministers of Gujarat

On 1960-05-01, Gujarat was created out of the 17 northern districts of former State of Bombay. These districts were further subdivided later on. There are 25 administrative districts in the state (as of 2006). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1058x749, 61 KB) Summary Districts (colored) of Gujarat State (India) - Self Made - w:User:Miljoshi - December 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Gujarat Districts of Gujarat User:Miljoshi ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1058x749, 61 KB) Summary Districts (colored) of Gujarat State (India) - Self Made - w:User:Miljoshi - December 2005 Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Gujarat Districts of Gujarat User:Miljoshi ... On 1960-05-01, Gujarat was created out of the 17 northern districts of former State of Bombay. ... The Indian state of Gujarat was created in 1960 out of the 17 northern districts of former Bombay state: Ahmedabad, Amreli, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dang, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kheda, Kutch, Mehsana, Panchmahal, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, and Vadodara. ... This article lists the Chief Ministers of Gujarat state in chronological order. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ... Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion The State of Bombay is a former state of pre-independence India. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ...

Gujarat is governed by a Legislative Assembly of 182 members. Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) are elected on the basis of adult suffrage from one of 182 constituencies, of which 13 are reserved for scheduled castes and 26 for scheduled tribes. The term of office for a member of the Legislative Assembly is five years. The Legislative Assembly elects a speaker, who presides over the meetings of the legislature. A governor is appointed by the President of India, and is Assembly, and to address the House after every general election and the commencement of each year's first session of the Legislative Assembly. The leader of the majority party or coalition in the legislature (Chief Minister) or his or her designee acts as the Leader of the Legislative Assembly. The administration of the state is led by the Chief Minister. A Legislative Assembly in some parts of the Commonwealth refers to a legislature, or a chamber of the legislature. ... In India, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes are communities that are accorded special status by the Constitution of India. ... Ādivāsīs (आदिवासी) or tribal peoples comprise a substantial minority of the population of India. ... The President of India (Hindi: Rashtrapati) is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ...

After gaining independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress party (INC) ruled the Bombay state (which included present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra). Congress continued to govern Gujarat after the state's creation in 1960. During and after India's State of Emergency of 1975-1977, public support for the Congress Party eroded, but it continued to hold government until 1995. In the 1995 Assembly Polls, the Congress lost to the BJP and Keshubhai Patel came to power. His Government lasted only 2 years. The fall of that government was provoked by a split in the BJP led by Shankersinh Vagheland has won most of the subsequent polls. In 2001, following the loss of 2 assembly seats in by-elections, Keshubhai Patel resigned and yielded power to Narendra Modi. The BJP retained a majority in the 2002 election, and Narendra Modi has since served as Chief Minister of the state. On 1st June, 2007, Narendra Modi became the longest serving Chief Minister of Gujarat^[10][11]. Indian National Congress, Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... Bombay state is a former state of India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... A state of emergency in India refers to a period of governance under an altered constitutional setup that can be proclaimed by the President of India, when he perceives grave threats to the nation from internal and external sources or from financial situations of crisis. ... BJP could mean one of Indias largest political parties, the Bharatiya Janata Party British Journal of Photography British Journal of Psychiatry British Journal of Pharmocology This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might