- This article is about the historic Etzion Bloc of settlement. For the modern regional council, see Gush Etzion Regional Council.
Gush Etzion (Hebrew גוש עציון, literally bloc of the tree) is a group of Israeli settlements in the northern Judea region of the West Bank. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x2000, 1504 KB) This is a tunnel and briddge leading from the Jerusalem suburb of Gilo to the West Bank settlements of the Etzion bloc. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3008x2000, 1504 KB) This is a tunnel and briddge leading from the Jerusalem suburb of Gilo to the West Bank settlements of the Etzion bloc. ...
The Israeli Ministry of Interior recognizes three types of local government in Israel: cities, regional councils, and local councils. ...
Main headquarters The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: ) is a regional council in the northern Judean hills, or rather, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. ...
Hebrew redirects here. ...
Map of Israeli settlements (magenta) in the West Bank. ...
Map of the southern Levant, c. ...
History
First Attempts The first modern Jewish attempt to settle the area known today as Gush Etzion took place in 1927 by a group of Yemenite Jews who founded an agricultural village called Migdal Eder (Hebrew מגדל עדר), in reference to a biblical location (Genesis 35:21)[1]. The location was purchased because it was roughly equidistant from Bethlehem and Hebron, and thus fell between the zones of influence of the local Arab clans. Two years later, the 1929 Palestine riots and recurring hostilities forced the group to flee. Yemenite Jews (×ªÖ¼Öµ×™×žÖ¸× Ö´×™, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄnî; plural ×ªÖ¼Öµ×™×žÖ¸× Ö´×™×, Standard Hebrew Temanim, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄnîm) are those Jews who live, or whose recent ancestors lived, in Yemen (תֵּימָן far south, Standard Hebrew Teman, Tiberian Hebrew TêmÄn), on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula. ...
Genesis (Hebrew: , Greek: ΓÎνεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah, the first book of the Tanakh and also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ...
Bethlehem (Arabic بيت Ù„ØÙ… house of meat; Standard Hebrew בית ×œ×—× house of bread, Bet léḥem / Bet láḥem; Tiberian Hebrew Bêṯ léḥem / Bêṯ lÄḥem; Greek: ΒηθλεÎμ) is a city in the West Bank under Palestinian Authority considered a central hub of Palestinian cultural and tourism industries. ...
The mostly deserted market in the old city. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
In 1935, Jewish businessman Shmuel Holtzmann provided backing for another attempt at settling the area. The initial kibbutz was named Kfar Etzion, or 'village of the tree', in his honor, as the German Holz means 'tree', as does the Hebrew etz. The 1936-1939 Arab revolt made life intolerable for the residents, so they returned to Jerusalem in 1937. Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצי×, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ...
Kfar Etzion is a kibbutz located in the Judean Hills between Jerusalem and Hebron. ...
An uprising during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ...
The Jewish National Fund organized a third attempt at settlement in 1943 with the refounding of Kfar Etzion by members of the religious Mizrachi movement[2]. Despite the tough soil, shortage of potable water, harsh winters, and constant threat of fatal attacks, this group managed to succeed. Their isolation was somewhat relieved by the establishment in 1945 of Massuot Yitzchak and Ein Tzurim, also populated by young members of the Mizrachi. Against the backdrop of an impending struggle for Israeli independence and as a show of solidarity, the secular Hashomer Hatzair founded a fourth kibbutz, Revadim. The JNF logo found on all JNF charity boxes. ...
The Mizrachi (acronym for Merkaz Ruchani or religious centre) is the name of the religious Zionist organization founded in 1902 in Vilna at a world conference of religious Zionists called by Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines. ...
Hashomer Hatzair (or Hashomer Hatsair or HaShomer HaTzair) (Hebrew: The Young Guard or Guardian [that is] Young) is a Zionist-socialist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia (now in Poland) and was also the name of the groups political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British...
The Siege On November 29, 1947, the United Nations approved the Partition Plan. The Arab hostilities began almost immediately, and travel to Jerusalem became exceedingly difficult. For five months the bloc was besieged, first by Arab irregulars, and then by the Jordanian Arab Legion. Although they had very few arms, a decision was made to hold out, as they were the only position standing between the hostile Arab forces and the Jews of Jerusalem. On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, a plan to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ...
Irregular soldiers in Beauharnois, Quebec, 19th century Irregular military refers to any non-standard military. ...
The Arab Legion (Al-jaish Al-arabi) was Transjordans and later on also Jordans regular army. ...
Throughout the winter hostilities intensified and several relief convoys from the Haganah in Jerusalem were decimated by Arab ambushes. In January, the women and children were evacuated with British assistance. A last-ditch group of defenders attempting to march to Gush Etzion under cover of darkness were discovered and killed. Despite some emergency flights by Piper Cubs out of Tel Aviv onto an improvised airfield, adequate supplies were not getting in. The convoy of ten, or Gush Etzion Convoy, was one of many convoys sent by the Hagannah to the four blockaded kibbutzim of Gush Etzion (The Etzion Bloc), south of [[Jerusalem[[ in the 1948 Israeli War of Independence. ...
Haganah Poster (1940s) The Haganah (Hebrew: The Defense, ×”×”×’× ×”) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate for Palestine from 1920 to 1948. ...
On the 16 of January 1948, the convoy of 35 was sent by the Jewish Haganah underground army to resupply the four blockaded kibbutzim of Gush Etzion (the Etzion bloc), south of Jerusalem, following the Arab attack of January 14. ...
A Piper J-3 Cub at Embrun, Ontario, August 2004 The Piper J-3 ‘Cub’ was a small, light, and simple aircraft built between 1938 and 1947. ...
Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ...
In May 1948, the Arab Legion and irregulars launched several massive attacks, and on May 13, Kfar Etzion fell, and all but four of its surrendered defenders were massacred. The next day, the three other kibbutzim surrendered, the same day as the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. The Kfar Etzion massacre was an atrocity committed by Arab armed forces on May 13, 1948, the day before the declaration of independence of the state of Israel. ...
David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ...
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The Kfar Etzion massacre was an atrocity committed by Arab armed forces on May 13, 1948, the day before the declaration of independence of the state of Israel. ...
The Return From 1949 until 1967 Gush Etzion was controlled by Jordan. During the interim, the survivors of Massuot Yitzchak, Ein Tzurim, and Revadim founded their communities anew in Israel to the west of the original sites. The survivors of Kfar Etzion ultimately founded Nir Etzion in the Mount Carmel area near Haifa. Image File history File linksMetadata Alon_Gush_Etzion. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Alon_Gush_Etzion. ...
Mount Carmel is a coastal mountain in Israel overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
During the Jordanian occupation, all the buildings were destroyed and the thousands of trees planted in Gush Etzion were uprooted, save a very old one known as the "lone oak." For 19 years, the survivors would gather on the Israel-Jordan frontier and gaze at the tree in remembrance of what was[3].
As a result of the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel controlled the area of the former Etzion Bloc. That year, the children who had been evacuated, now grown, petitioned Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol to allow the reestablished of Kfar Etzion. Since then, Gush Etzion has continued to grow. The settlement of Rosh Tzurim was founded on the former site of Ein Tzurim and Revadim, and Kfar Etzion's poultry houses have been built in the area of Massuot Yitzchak. Many other settlements and two municipalities have been founded in the area of historic Gush Etzion, and its name was taken for the greater Gush Etzion Regional Council. The Israeli population in the entire area approaches 50,000 residents. Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ...
The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ר×ש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ...
â–¶(?) (Hebrew לֵוִי ×ֶשְ×כּוֹל ) (Born Levi Skolnick) (Hebrew לֵוִי שְ××§×•Ö¹×œÖ°× Ö´×™×§) (October 25, 1895 - February 26, 1969), was the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death of a heart attack in 1969. ...
A reference to colonization, or the resulting communities. ...
Main headquarters The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: ) is a regional council in the northern Judean hills, or rather, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. ...
Present The following is a list of communities in historic Gush Etzion: Kfar Etzion is a kibbutz located in the Judean Hills between Jerusalem and Hebron. ...
Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצי×, gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ...
Har Gilo (הר גילה) is an Israeli community 5 kilometers outside of Jerusalem with 150 families. ...
Alon Shvut from the West. ...
Beit Midrash of Migdal Oz The Stella K. Abraham Beit Midrash for Women, more commonly known as Migdal Oz (after the kibbutz in which it is located) is an Orthodox Jewish institution of higher Torah study for women, located in Gush Etzion, Israel. ...
Neve Daniel (Hebrew: ) is an Israeli settlement located in western Gush Etzion in Judea/the West Bank. ...
Bat Ayin is an Israeli settlement in Gush Etzion, Judea of primarily Chassidic Jews that combines spiritual religious life with organic agriculture. ...
Betar Illit (ביתר עילית; unofficially also spelled Beitar Illit -- Illit is pronounced: Eeleet) is an Israeli town in Gush Etzion, a group of villages and towns in the Northern Judea region of the West Bank. ...
Modern Efrat from Highway 60 Efrat (; Hebrew: ), or Efrata (×פרתה), is an Israeli settlement in Judea (southern West Bank), located south of Jerusalem, between the Biblical cities of Bethlehem and Hebron. ...
See also Map of the territory under the British Mandate of Palestine. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
An uprising during the British mandate by Palestinian Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939. ...
The convoy of ten, or Gush Etzion Convoy, was one of many convoys sent by the Hagannah to the four blockaded kibbutzim of Gush Etzion (The Etzion Bloc), south of [[Jerusalem[[ in the 1948 Israeli War of Independence. ...
On the 16 of January 1948, the convoy of 35 was sent by the Jewish Haganah underground army to resupply the four blockaded kibbutzim of Gush Etzion (the Etzion bloc), south of Jerusalem, following the Arab attack of January 14. ...
The Kfar Etzion massacre was an atrocity committed by Arab armed forces on May 13, 1948, the day before the declaration of independence of the state of Israel. ...
On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, a plan to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly, at the UN World Headquarters in New York. ...
Main headquarters The Gush Etzion Regional Council (Hebrew: ) is a regional council in the northern Judean hills, or rather, the northern part of the southern area of the West Bank, administering the settlements in the Gush Etzion region, as well as others nearby. ...
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