Haarlem
Flag Coat of arms
Coordinates: 52°22′N 4°39′E / 52.37, 4.65
Country	Netherlands
Province	North Holland
Area (2006)
- Municipality	32.12 km²  (12.4 sq mi)
- Land	29.32 km² (11.3 sq mi)
- Water	2.80 km² (1.1 sq mi)
Population (1 January 2007)
- Municipality	147,020
- Density	5,014/km² (12,986.2/sq mi)
	Source: CBS, Statline.
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Website: www.haarlem.nl

Haarlem (help· info) is a city in the Netherlands. It is also the capital of the province of North Holland, which at one time was one of the most powerful of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic. The city is located on the river Spaarne, about 20 km west of Amsterdam and near the coastal dunes. It has been the historical center of the tulip bulb-growing district for centuries and bears the nickname 'Bloemenstad' (flower city), for this reason. Image File history File links Haarlemvlag. ... Image File history File links WapenHaarlem. ... Image File history File links Dutch_Municipality_Haarlem_2006. ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Statistics Netherlands is a Dutch governmental institution that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Image File history File links Nl-Haarlem. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... The Spaarne is a river, in North Holland, the Netherlands. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... This article is about sand formations. ... [[Media:Example. ...

The municipality of Haarlem also comprises part of the village of Spaarndam, a newer housing estate forming part of the municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... Masouleh village, Gilan Province, Iran. ... Haarlem is a city in the west of the Netherlands, capital of the North Holland province. ... Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude (population: 5,556 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ...

The motto of Haarlem is Vicit vim virtus, which is Latin for Virtue conquered force. For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

History of Haarlem

Middle Ages

View of Haarlem, by Jacob Isaaksz van Ruisdael

The oldest mentioning of Haarlem dates from the 10th century. The name comes from "Haarlo-heim" or "Harulahem", which means 'place, on sand covered with trees, higher than the others'. There was a stream called "De Beek", dug from the peat grounds west of the river Spaarne as a drainage canal. Over the centuries the Beek was turned into an underground canal, as the city grew larger and the space was needed for construction. Over time it began to silt up and in the 19th century it was filled in. The location of the village was a good one: by the river Spaarne, and by a major road going south to north. By the 12th century it was a fortified town, and Haarlem became the residence of the Counts of Holland. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x1420, 157 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Haarlem ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x1420, 157 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Haarlem ... The Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century. ...

In 1219 the knights of Haarlem were laureled by Count Willem I, because they had conquered the Egyptian port of Damietta (or Damiate in Dutch, present-day Dimyat) in the 5th crusade. Haarlem received the right to bear the Count's sword and cross in its coat of arms. On November 23, 1245 Count Willem II granted Haarlem city rights. This implied a number of privileges, among which the right for the sheriff and magistrates to administer justice, instead of the Count. This allowed for a quicker and more efficient judiciary system, more suited to the needs of the growing city. // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the... William I was Count of Holland from 1203 to 1222. ... Damietta is a port in Dumyat, Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea at the Nile delta, about 200 kilometres north of Cairo. ... Dumyat (Arabic: دمياط ) is one of the governorates of Egypt. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Rebellion against king Sancho II of Portugal in favor of his brother Alphonso. ... Count Willem II of Holland Granting Privileges by Caesar van Everdingen (1654) William II of Holland, (February 1228-28 January 1256), was a count of Holland (1235-1256) and king of Germany (1247-1256). ... City rights are a medieval phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries. ... Look up Sheriff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A magistrate is a judicial officer. ...

After a siege by the Kennemer people in 1270 a defensive wall was built around the city. Most likely this was an earthen wall, with wooden gates. Originally the city started out between Spaarne, Oudegracht, Ridderstraat, Bakenessergracht and Naussaustraat. In the 14th century the city expanded, and the Burgwalbuurt, Bakenes and the area around the Oudegracht became part of the city. The old defenses proved not to be sufficiently strong for the expanded city, and at the end of the 14th century a 16½-metre high wall was built, complete with a 15-metre wide canal circling the city. The cathedral atop the Rock of Cashel in Ireland was completed in 1270. ...

In 1304 the Flemish threatened the city, but they were defeated by Witte van Haemstede at Manpad. Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen) are inhabitants of Flanders in the widest sense of the term, i. ... Witte van Haemstede (1280/1282-1321) was a bastard son of Floris V, Count of Holland. ...

City Hall of Haarlem on the Grote Markt. It was built in the 14th century replacing the Count's castle, after it partially burnt down. The remainders were given to the city.

All the city's buildings were made of wood, and fire was a great risk. In 1328 nearly the whole city burnt down. The Sint-Bavokerk was severely damaged, and rebuilding it would take more than 150 years. Again on June 12, 1347 there was a fire in the city. A third large fire, in 1351, destroyed many buildings including the Count's castle and the city hall. The Count did not need a castle in Haarlem anymore, because his castle in Den Haag had taken over all functions. The Count donated the ground to the city and later a new city hall was built there. The shape of the old city was square -- this was inspired by the shape of ancient Jerusalem. After every fire the city was rebuilt quickly, an indication of the wealth of the city in those years. Download high resolution version (800x608, 130 KB)City hall in Haarlem, the Netherlands. ... Download high resolution version (800x608, 130 KB)City hall in Haarlem, the Netherlands. ... City Hall of Haarlem on the Grote Markt. ... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Suko of Japan, third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders May 1 Zürich joins the Swiss Confederation. ... This article is about the city in the Netherlands; there is also a region known as (the) Hague in France. ... City Hall of Haarlem on the Grote Markt. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

The Black Death came to the city in 1381. According to an estimate by a priest from Leiden the disease killed 5,000 people, about half the population at that time. This article concerns the mid fourteenth century pandemic. ... Year 1381 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 23. ...

In the 14th century Haarlem was a major city. It was the second largest city in historical Holland after Dordrecht and before Delft, Leiden, Amsterdam, Gouda and Rotterdam. In 1429 the city gained the right to collect tolls, including ships passing the city on the Spaarne river. At the end of the Middle Ages Haarlem was a flourishing city with a large textile industry, shipyards and beer breweries. Satellite image of part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, showing the Island of Dordrecht and the eponymous city (7) Dordrecht (population 119,649 (2004)), or in English: Dort, is a city in the Dutch province of South Holland, the third largest city of the province. ... Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 24. ... Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 23. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Goudas 15th Century Town Hall Flag of Gouda Goudas Cheese Market Gouda (population 71,797 in 2004) is a city in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. ... Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Government  - Mayor Ivo Opstelten  - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1]  - City 319 km²  (123. ... January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army of William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk at... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Around 1428 the city was put under siege by the army of Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut. Haarlem had taken side with the Cods in the Hook and Cod wars, and thus against Jacoba of Bavaria. The entire Haarlemmerhout wood was burnt down by the enemy. Jacqueline, Countess of Hainault and Holland Jacoba of Bavaria or Jacqueline of Wittelsbach (1401 – 1436, Dutch: Jacoba van Beieren, French: Jacqueline de Bavière) was Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing, Countess of Hainaut and Holland from 1417 to 1432. ... The Hook and Cod wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten) comprise a series of wars and battles in Holland between 1350 and 1490. ... The Haarlemmerhout in Summer. ...

Spanish siege

Main article: Siege of Haarlem In the Eighty Years War the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands was put under a bloody siege by a Spanish army that wanted to reclaim the revolted city for Philip II, the Spanish king. ...

Map of Haarlem around 1550

The city is completely surrounded by a city wall and defensive moat. In the south-west of the city bleaching grounds can be seen. Notice the near-square shape of the city: this was based on the ancient plan of Jerusalem. Download high resolution version (1213x1332, 807 KB)City map of Haarlem, ca 1550. ... Download high resolution version (1213x1332, 807 KB)City map of Haarlem, ca 1550. ... The moated manor house of Baddesley Clinton in Warwickshire, England Moats (also known as a Fosse) were deep and wide water-filled trenches, excavated to provide a barrier against attack upon castle ramparts or other fortifications. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

When the city of Brielle was conquered by the Geuzen revolutionary army, the municipality of Haarlem started supporting the Geuzen. King Philip II of Spain was not pleased, and sent an army north under the command of Don Fadrique (Don Frederick in Dutch), son of the Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba. On November 17, 1572 all citizens of the city of Zutphen were murdered by the Spanish army, and on December 1 the city of Naarden suffered the same fate. Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 31. ... The Watergeuzen (or simply Geuzen) were a fleet of privateers during the Eighty Years War, the Low Countries (or Netherlands) rebellion against the Spanish occupation, which began during the reign of Philip II of Spain (in the 1550s). ... Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburgo; Portuguese: Filipe I) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord of the Seventeen... Don Fadriques health detoriated after 1573. ... Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Zutphen (old alternate spelling: Zutfen) is a municipality and a town in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands on the right bank of the IJssel at the influx of the Berkel, and a junction station 29 km by rail N.N.E. of Arnhem. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Naarden is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ...

On December 11, 1572 the Spanish army put Haarlem under siege. The city's defences were commanded by city-governor Wigbolt Ripperda. Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer, a very powerful woman, helped defend the city. December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Wigbolt Ripperda inspiring the citizens of Haarlem in the Doelen not to give in to the Spanish army. ... Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer was born in 1526. ...

During the first two months of the siege, the situation was in balance. The Spanish army was digging tunnels to reach the city walls and blow them up. The defenders dug tunnels to blow up the Spanish tunnels. The situation became worse for Haarlem on March 29, 1573. The Amsterdam army, faithful to the Spanish king, controlled Haarlemmermeer lake, effectively blocking Haarlem from the outside world. Hunger in the city grew, and the situation became so tense that on May 27 many (Spanish-loyal) prisoners were taken from the prison and murdered. The defensive wall of Braşov, Romania. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... Haarlemmermeer (population: 127,750 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Two city gates, the Kruispoort and the Janspoort collapsed during the fighting.

In the beginning of July the Prince of Orange assembled an army of 5,000 soldiers near Leiden to free Haarlem. The Spanish trapped them at the Manpad and defeated the army. After seven months the city surrendered on July 13, 1573. Many soldiers of the army that defended the city were slaughtered; many of them were drowned in the Spaarne river. Governor Ripperda and his lieutenant were beheaded. The citizens were allowed to buy freedom for themselves and the city for 240,000 guilders and the city was required to host a Spanish garrison. Don Fadrique thanked God for his victory in the Sint-Bavo Church. Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the principality of Orange in southern France. ... Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 23. ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... The Spaarne is a river, in North Holland, the Netherlands. ... Beheading. ... ISO 4217 Code NLG User(s) The Netherlands Inflation 2. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation) Garrison House, built by William Damm in 1675 at Dover, New Hampshire Garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, to equip) is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ...

Great fire

The city suffered a big fire in the night from October 22 to October 23, 1576. The fire started in brewery het Ankertje, near the weighhouse at the Spaarne, which was used by German mercenaries as a guarding place. When they were warming themselves at a fire it got out of control. The fire was spotted by farmers, who sailed their ships on the river. However, the soldiers turned down all help, saying that they would put out the fire themselves. This failed, and the fire destroyed almost 500 buildings, among them St-Gangolf's church and St-Elisabeth's hospital. Most of the mercenaries were later arrested, and one of them was hanged on the Grote Markt in front of a large audience. Maps from that era clearly show the damage done by the fire: a wide strip through the city was destroyed. is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... For other uses, see Mercenary (disambiguation). ...

The combined result of the siege and the fire was that about a third of the city was destroyed.

Golden age

Linen and silk

De Amsterdamse Poort is one of the few visible traces left of the old city wall.

The Spanish left in 1577 and under the Agreement of Veere, Protestants and Catholics were given equal rights. A large influx of Flemish and French immigrants who were fleeing the Spanish occupation of their own cities made the city prosper again. The new citizens had a lot of expertise in linen and silk trading, and the city's population grew from 18,000 in 1573 to around 40,000 in 1622. At one point, in 1621, over 50% of the population was Flemish-born. Haarlem's linen became world famous and the city flourished, just like the rest of the country: the Golden Age in the United Provinces had started. Download high resolution version (768x1024, 146 KB) Image taken by Guus Bosman myself (September 4th, 2004) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (768x1024, 146 KB) Image taken by Guus Bosman myself (September 4th, 2004) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... De Amsterdamse Poort in Haarlem. ... Events March 17 - formation of the Cathay Company to send Martin Frobisher back to the New World for more gold May 28 - Publication of the Bergen Book, better known as the Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, one of the Lutheran confessional writings. ... For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ... Torn linen cloth, recovered from the Dead Sea Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax plant. ... For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ... Year 1573 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ... 1621 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Rembrandt The Nightwatch (1642) The Golden Age (1584-1702) was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. ... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ...

Infrastructure

In 1632 a tow canal between Haarlem and Amsterdam, the Haarlemmertrekvaart was opened, the first tow canal in the country. The empty areas in the city caused by the fire of 1576 were filled with new houses and buildings. Even outside the city wall buildings were constructed -- in 1643 about 400 houses were counted outside the wall. Having buildings outside the city walls was not a desirable situation to the city administration. Not only because these buildings would be vulnerable in case of an attack on the city, but also because there was less control over taxes and city regulations outside the walls. Therefore a major project was initiated in 1671: expanding the city northwards. Two new canals were dug, and a new defensive wall was constructed (the current Staten en Prinsenbolwerk). Two old city gates, the Janspoort and Kruispoort, were demolished. The idea that a city had to be square-shaped was left behind. See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... The Haarlemmertrekvaart or Haarlem canal was dug from Amsterdam to Haarlem in an especially straight line to guarantee the shortest route. ...

Cultural life

Haarlem's cultural life also prospered, with famous painters like Frans Hals and Jacob van Ruisdael, the famous textile Artist Annemieke Mien, the architect Lieven de Key and Jan Steen who made many paintings in Haarlem. On the Grote Markt, the central market square, there's a statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster who is allegedly the inventor of the printing press (however, most scholars agree that the scarce evidence seems to point to Johann Gutenberg as the first European inventor). In 1628 a chemist in Haarlem goes broke, and decides to join the VOC to sail to the East. His name, Jeronimus Cornelisz, will always be connected with the Batavia ship. Frans Hals (c. ... Bentheim Castle (1653) Jacob Izaaksoon van Ruysdael (or Ruisdaal) (c. ... The Vleeshal at the Grote Markt in Haarlem is a prime example of the work of Lieven de Key. ... // Steen was born in Leiden, where his well-to-do, Catholic family had run the tavern The Red Halbert for several generations. ... Statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster on the Grote Markt in Haarlem, where he was born. ... The printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... A chemist pours from a round-bottom flask. ... This article is about the trading company. ... For other meanings of Batavia see Batavia The Batavia was a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), built in 1628 in Amsterdam, which was struck by mutiny and shipwreck during her maiden voyage. ...

Beer brewing

The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. Berckheyde

Beer brewing was a very important industry in Haarlem. Until the 16th century the water for the beer was taken from the canals in the city. These were, through the Spaarne and the IJ, connected to seawater. However, the water in the canals was getting more and more polluted, and no longer suitable for brewing beer. A place 1,5 kilometers south-west of the city was then used to take fresh water in. However, the quality of that water was not high enough either. From the 17th century a canal (Santvaert) was used to transport water from the dunes to the city. The water was transported in barrels on ships. The location where the water was taken is called the Brouwerskolkje, and the canal to there still exists, and is now called the Brewers' Canal (Brouwersgracht). Image File history File links (Gerrit Adriaensz. ... Image File history File links (Gerrit Adriaensz. ...

Haarlem was a major beer producer in the Netherlands. The majority of the beer it produced was consumed in Noord-Holland. During the Spanish siege there were about 50 brewing companies in the city; while 45 years later in 1620 the city numbered in the vicinity of 100 breweries. Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ...

There was another epidemic of the Black Death in 1657, which took a heavy toll in the 6 months it ravaged the city. This article concerns the mid fourteenth century pandemic. ... Events January 8 - Miles Sindercombe, would-be-assassin of Oliver Cromwell, and his group are captured in London February - Admiral Robert Blake defeats the Spanish West Indian Fleet in a battle over the seizure of Jamaica. ...

From the end of the 17th century the economic situation in the city turned sour, for a long time. In 1752 there were only seven beer breweries left, and in 1820 no breweries were registered in the city anymore. In the 1990s the Stichting Haarlems Biergenootschap revived some of the old recipes under the new Jopen beer brand, that is marketed as a "Haarlem bier". Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Jopen is a beer brand from Haarlem, the Netherlands. ...

Tulip centre

In the 1630s, Haarlem was (and still is) a major trading centre for tulips, and it was the epicenter during tulip mania, when outrageous prices were paid for tulip bulbs. From the time that the Leiden-Haarlem canal Leidsevaart opened in 1656, it became popular to ride from Rotterdam to Amsterdam by passenger boat rather than coach. The canals were dug for passenger service only, and were comfortable though slow. The towpath led these passengers through the bulb fields south of Haarlem. Haarlem was an important stopover for passengers from the last half of the 17th century and through the 18th century until the building of the first rail tracks along the routes of former passenger canal systems. As Haarlem slowly expanded southwards, so did the bulb fields, and even today rail travelers between Rotterdam and Amsterdam will see beautiful blooming bulb fields on the stretch between Leiden and Haarlem in the Spring. // Pamphlet from the Dutch tulipomania, printed in 1637 The term tulip mania (alternatively tulipomania) is used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble. ... [[Media:Example. ... Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 23. ... The Leidsevaart is the Dutch name for the Haarlem-Leiden canal dug in 1657. ... // Events Mehmed Köprülü becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ... Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Government  - Mayor Ivo Opstelten  - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1]  - City 319 km²  (123. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... A towpath on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal A towpath is a road or track that runs alongside the banks of a river, canal or other inland waterway. ...

18th century

Windmill De Adriaan

As the center of trade gravitated towards Amsterdam, Haarlem declined in the 18th century. The Golden age had created a large upper middle class of merchants and well-to-do small business owners. With the dependability of the barge traffic, many people had business addresses in Amsterdam and weekend homes in Haarlem. Haarlem as a bedroom community started as a result of the dense population of Amsterdam causing the canals to stink in the summer. Many well-to-do gentlemen moved their families to summer homes in the Spring and commuted between addresses. Popular places for summer homes were along the Spaarne in southern Haarlem. Pieter Teyler and Henry Hope built summer homes there, as well as many Amsterdam merchants and councilmen. In the 18th century Haarlem became the seat of a suffragan diocese of the Old Catholic Church of Utrecht. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1600 pixels, file size: 979 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1600 pixels, file size: 979 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Henry Hope in 1788 Henry Hope (1735 - 1811) was an Amsterdam merchant banker born in Boston, New England. ... A bishop is an ordained person who holds a specific position of authority in any of a number of Christian churches. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... Old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht Gerardus Gul (1892-1920). ...

French rule

At the end of the 18th century a number of anti-Orange commissions were founded.

On January 18, 1795 the "Staatse" army was defeated near Woerden. During the night preceding the 19th, the same night that stadtholder William V of Orange fled the country, the various commissions gathered and implemented a revolution. The commissions changed the city's administrators in a bloodless revolution, and the next morning the city was 'liberated' of the tyranny of the House of Orange. The revolution was peaceful and the Orange-loyal people were not harmed. The Batavian Republic was then proclaimed. is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Woerden is a municipality and a city in the central Netherlands. ... William V, stadtholder of The Netherlands (March 8, 1748–April 9, 1806), also known as William V of Orange, was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic. ... From 1795 to 1806, the Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek in Dutch) designated the Netherlands as a republic modeled after the French Republic, to which it was a vassal state. ...

The French army entered the liberated city two days later, on the January 20. An army of 1,500 soldiers was provided with food and clothing by the citizens. The new national government was strongly centralized, and the role of the cities was reduced in the national debate. January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Batavian Republic had signed a mutual defense pact with France, and was thus automatically in war with England. The strong English presence at sea severely reduced the trading opportunities, and the Dutch economy suffered.

19th century

The textile industry, which had always been an important pillar of Haarlem's economy, was in a bad shape at the beginning of the 19th century. Strong international competition, and revolutionary new production methods based on steam engines by then in use in England, dealt a death blow to Haarlem's industry. A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ...

In 1815 the city's population was about 17,000 people, a large percentage of whom were poor. The foundation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in that year gave many hope. Many believed that under a new government the economy would mend again, and that export-oriented economic activities such as the textile industry would recover. However, this hoped turned out to be idle -- the Dutch economy remained stuck. The Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (NHM or Dutch Trade Company) was founded by King Willem I to create employment opportunities. April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Limburg in 1839 1, 2 and 3 United Kingdom of the Netherlands (until 1830) 1 and 2 Kingdom of the Netherlands (after 1830) 2 Duchy of Limburg (In the German Confederacy after 1839 as compensation for Waals-Luxemburg) 3 and 4 Kingdom of Belgium (after... Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij is one of the primary ancestors of ABN AMRO. History 1824: King Willem I created the Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (NHM) by Royal Decree to revive trade between the Netherlands and the Netherlands East Indies. ...

In Haarlem, then one of the cities in the western part of the Netherlands with the worst economical situation, cotton factories were created under the NHM-program. These cotton factories produced goods for the Dutch East Indies, and because the Dutch government levied heavy taxes on foreign cotton producers this was a good market for the NHM-factories. The programme started in the 1830s, but never managed to substantially reduce the unemployment in the city. The American Civil War in the 1860s reduced the import of raw cotton significantly, and in 1872 the protectionistic measures for the East Indian market were removed. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

In the beginning of the 19th century the defense walls had lost their function, and architect Zocher Jr. planned a park on the location of the former defense line. The city walls and gates were demolished.

Haarlem became the provincial capital of Noord Holland province in the early 19th century. Capital Haarlem Queens Commissioner Mr. ...

In the mid 19th century the city's economy slowly started to improve. New factories were opened, and a number of large companies were founded in Haarlem. In 1911 Anthony Fokker showed his plane, de Spin to the audience in Haarlem by flying around the Sint-Bavokerk on Queen's Day. Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Anton Herman Gerard Anthony Fokker (April 6, 1890 – December 23, 1939), was born in Kediri (Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia) and became a Dutch aircraft manufacturer. ... Queens day (Dutch: Koninginnedag) on April 30 (or on April 29 if the 30th is sunday) is the national holiday in The Netherlands, and is celebrated in the entire kingdom. ...

In 1814 George Stephenson designed the first locomotive. The government of the Netherlands was relatively slow to catch up, even though the King feared competition from newly established Belgium if they would construct a train track between Antwerp and other cities. Dutch parliament baulked at the high level of investment needed, but a group of private investors started the Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg Maatschappij on June 1, 1836. It took three years to build the first track, between Haarlem and Amsterdam. The track was right next to the old tow canal, and the ground there was wet and muddy. On September 20, 1839 the first train service in the Netherlands started. The train had a speed of about 40 kilometers per hour. The train service gave the economy of Haarlem a strong boost. Instead of more than 2 hours, Amsterdam was now only 30 minutes away. The tow boats were quickly taken out of service for passengers. George Stephenson George Stephenson For the British politician, see George Stevenson. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ...

The creating of new land in the Haarlemmermeer made that the city could no longer refresh the water in its canals using the Spaarne. The new industry made the water quality even worse, and in 1859 de Oude Gracht, a canal, was filled in to create a new street. Haarlemmermeer (population: 127,750 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1878 a horse tram started servicing passenger from the railway station to Haarlemmerhout woodland park, and in 1899 the first Dutch electric tram ran in Haarlem. From 1879 the population of the city almost doubled in thirty years, from 36,976 to 69,410 in 1909. Not only did the population grow, but the city was expanding rapidly too. The Leidsebuurt district was incorporated into Haarlem in the 1880s. A small part of (the now defunct) municipality of Schoten was incorporated in 1884 because the council of Haarlem wanted to have the hospital (het dolhuys) inside the municipal borders. This hospital was situated at "het bolwerk" on Schoten's territory. 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ...

20th century

Gaper on the front of "Van der Pigge", a chemist's that declined to move for Vroom & Dreesmann's new department store in the 1932.

In the beginning of the 20th century the city expanded north. As early as 1905 an official plan was presented by the Haarlem municipality for expansion. However, the surrounding municipalities did not agree, and it would take 25 years to come to an agreement. On May 1, 1927 the municipality of Schoten became part of Haarlem, as well as part of Spaarndam, Bloemendaal and Heemstede. The population increased at once with 31,184 citizens. Download high resolution version (600x700, 101 KB)Logo of famous shop Van der Pigge in Haarlem, the Netherlands. ... Download high resolution version (600x700, 101 KB)Logo of famous shop Van der Pigge in Haarlem, the Netherlands. ... Gaper on the front of Van der Pigge, a pharmacy in Haarlem. ... V&D logo outside its Almere branch Vroom & Dreesmann (also known as V&D) is a Dutch chain of department stores founded in 1887 by Willem Vroom and Anton Dreesmann. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 32. ...

In 1908 a renewed railway station was openend. The station was elevated, so traffic in the city was no longer hampered by railway crossings. Station Haarlem is the main trainstation of Haarlem, the Netherlands. ...

Later the expansion of the city went southwards (Schalkwijk) and eastwards (Waarderpolder). In 1932 Vroom & Dreesmann, a Dutch retailer built a department store at Verwulft. Many buildings were demolished, except one small chemist's shop on the corner: "Van der Pigge", which is now encapsulated by the V&D building. Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... V&D logo outside its Almere branch Vroom & Dreesmann (also known as V&D) is a Dutch chain of department stores founded in 1887 by Willem Vroom and Anton Dreesmann. ...

The city went through rough times during the Great Depression of 1930s. For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ...

During World War II Hannie Schaft worked for a Dutch resistance group. From September 17 to September 21, 1944, parts of Haarlem-Noord (above Jan Gijzenvaart) were evacuated by the Germans to make place for a defensive line. The stadium of HFC Haarlem, the soccer club, was demolished. Hundreds of people had to leave their houses and were forced to stay with other citizens. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (16 September 1920 - 17 April 1944), was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. Her nickname was the girl with the red hair (Het meisje met het rode haar, in Dutch). ... is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... HFC Haarlem is a Dutch football club. ...

From September 22 there was gas available only two hours per day. Electricity stopped on October 9. The German occupiers built a thick, black wall through the Haarlemmerhout (in the south of the city), as well as at the Jan Gijzenvaart in the evacuated area. The wall was called Mauer-muur and was meant to help defend the city. is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1944 the family of Corrie ten Boom was arrested by the Nazis; they had been hiding Jews and Dutch resistance workers from the German occupier throughout the war. Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cornelia Johanna Arnolda ten Boom, generally known as Corrie ten Boom, (April 15, 1892 – April 15, 1983) was a Dutch Christian Holocaust survivor who helped many Jews escape the Nazis during World War II. Ten Boom co-wrote her autobiography, The Hiding Place, which was later made into a movie...

After the war much of the large industry moved out of the city, such as the banknote printing firm of Joh. Enschedé. Koninklijke Joh. ...

In 1963 a large number of houses was built in Schalkwijk. Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Religion

The diocese of Haarlem has been a Catholic diocese since 1559 (Dioecesis Harlemensis). The original Catholic cathedral the Sint-Bavo Cathedral at the Grote Markt, is called after the patron saint of Haarlem, Saint Bavo. The first bishop of Haarlem was Nicolaas van Nieuwland (born in 1510). He accepted the position on November 6, 1561. In 1569 he was advised to resign by the Duke of Alva, because of his reputation for drinking (Dronken Klaasje). The diocese of Haarlem is one of the seven dioceses in the Netherlands, administrated from the city of Haarlem. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... Saint Bavo, also known as Bavon, Allowin, Bavo of Ghent, Baaf, (589 - 654) is a Roman Catholic saint. ... Nicolaas van Nieuwland (1510 - Maartensdijk, July 15, 1580) was bishop of Haarlem from 1562 to 1569. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ...

Van Nieuwland was succeeded by Godfried van Mierlo, who would be the last bishop Haarlem would know for 300 years. Haarlem's cathedral was spared from the iconoclastic riots of 1566 in the Netherlands, because the city's mayor ordered the closing of the church for several months. Literally, iconoclasm is the destruction of religious icons and other sacred images or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ...

Just before the siege of Haarlem by the Spaniards, the cathedral was cleared of Catholic symbols. After the siege the Spanish army restored the Catholic decoration of the church. The guilds had to make sure their own altars (that had also been 'cleared' out of the cathedral) were restored, at great expense. In the Eighty Years War the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands was put under a bloody siege by a Spanish army that wanted to reclaim the revolted city for Philip II, the Spanish king. ...

On Sacrament day (May 29) in 1578 Saint Bavo's Cathedral was attacked by soldiers of the Prince of Orange. One of the priests was killed, and many objects in the church were destroyed. This event, called the Haarlemse Noon, forced the bishop to flee the city. The city council confiscated the church, and later converted it to a Protestant church. The new (and current) name of the Cathedral became Sint-Bavokerk. The Agreement of Veere was thus clearly breached. is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the principality of Orange in southern France. ... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ...

It wasn't until 1853 that a new Catholic bishop was installed. A new cathedral, again called the Cathedral of Saint Bavo, was built at the Leidsevaart (canal to Leiden) in 1898. The Bishop of Haarlem nowadays has a formal residence on the Nieuwe Gracht canal. The Cathedral of Saint Bavo, was built in Haarlem, the Netherlands by the Catholics in 1898 after the Sint-Bavokerk was converted to Protestantism in 1578. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Famous buildings and locations

The Grote Markt in Haarlem with the Sint-Bavokerk. On the left the statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster can be seen, on the right is the Vleeshal.

The Haarlemmerhout in Haarlem is the oldest park designed for public access in the Netherlands. It is said that Napoleon's army carved their initials in these trees.

The city is famous for its many hofjes: almshouses built around courtyards. These were mainly privately funded houses for elderly single women. Nowadays there are 19 hofjes in Haarlem; many open to the public on weekdays. Many hofjes are still owned by the original foundations, and are still mainly used for single (elderly) women. Download high resolution version (1024x768, 207 KB)Grote Markt in Haarlem, with the Sint-Bavokerk, the statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster and the Vleeshal. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 207 KB)Grote Markt in Haarlem, with the Sint-Bavokerk, the statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster and the Vleeshal. ... The Grote Markt in Haarlem with the Sint-Bavokerk. ... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ... Statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster on the Grote Markt in Haarlem, where he was born. ... The Vleeshal at the Grote Markt in Haarlem. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1410x1450, 3361 KB) Foto of Haarlemmerhout, oldest public park in the Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1410x1450, 3361 KB) Foto of Haarlemmerhout, oldest public park in the Netherlands. ... The Hofje van Bakenes, a hofje in Haarlem dating from 1395. ... The Hofje van Noblet is one of the hofjes in Haarlem that is still in use the way the original founders wanted it in 1760. ...

• The Grote Markt (central market square), with -among others- the City Hall, the Vleeshal, the Hoofdwacht and the Grote or Sint-Bavokerk
• Sint-Bavo Cathedral
• The Teylersmuseum (the oldest museum of the Netherlands)
• Frans Hals Museum
• Windmill De Adriaan
• The Amsterdamse Poort city gate
• The art nouveau railway station of Haarlem
• Theater De Toneelschuur
• The Corrie ten Boom House
• Villa Welgelegen
• The Bosch and Vaart neighbourhoud

The Grote Markt in Haarlem with the Sint-Bavokerk. ... City Hall of Haarlem on the Grote Markt. ... The Vleeshal at the Grote Markt in Haarlem. ... Hoofdwacht at the Grote Markt in Haarlem. ... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ... The Cathedral of Saint Bavo, was built in Haarlem, the Netherlands by the Catholics in 1898 after the Sint-Bavokerk was converted to Protestantism in 1578. ... Categories: Stub | Haarlem | Museums in the Netherlands | Natural history museums ... The Louvre Museum in Paris, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Windmill De Adriaan (2003) De Adriaan is a windmill in Haarlem that burnt down in 1932 and has been rebuilt in 2002. ... De Amsterdamse Poort in Haarlem. ... Station Haarlem is the main trainstation of Haarlem, the Netherlands. ... De Toneelschuur in the Lange Begijnestraat. ... Villa Welgelegen Interior of Provinciehuis Landhuis Welgelegen. ...

Local government

The municipal council of Haarlem consists of 39 seats, which are divided as follows:

• PvdA - 11 seats
• VVD - 7 seats
• CDA - 4 seats
• GroenLinks - 4 seats
• StadsPartij/Leefbaar Haarlem - 4 seats
• D66 - 2 seats
• Axielijst - 1 seat
• SP - 7 seats
• ChristenUnie/SGP - 1 seat
• partij spaarnestad - 1 seat
• senior citizen's party (ouderenpartij) - 1 seat

The Labour Party (in Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid, PvdA) is a Dutch social-democratic political party. ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch Christian-democratic political party. ... This article is about the Dutch political party. ... Democrats 66 (in Dutch: Democraten 66, D66, official name: Politieke Partij Democraten 66) is a Dutch progressive-liberal and radical-democratic political party. ... The Socialist Party (SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist political party. ... The ChristenUnie (Christians Union) is a relatively young political party in the Netherlands. ... The Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP, literally Constitutional Reformed Party) is a Dutch constitutional theocratic political party following conservative Christian principles, in the tradition of the Dutch Reformed Church. ...

Miscellaneous

Local beer

Beer brewing has been a very important industry for Haarlem. The heydays of beer brewing in Haarlem go back to the 1400s, when there were no fewer than 100 breweries in the city. When the town's 750th anniversary was celebrated in 1995, a group of enthusiasts re-created an original Haarlem beer and brewed it again. The beer is called Jopenbier, or Jopen for short, named after an old type of beer-barrel.

Jopen Koyt and Jopen Adriaan are based on old recipes from 1402 and 1407 respectively. Jopen Adriaan is called after the windmill that re-opened in 2002. Jopenbier also features a dark beer (bokbier) and a light beer ("spring beer" or lentebier). Jopenbier is now generally available again, mainly in the Haarlem area. Initially the beers were brewed at brewery De Halve Maan in Hulst, but now there are brewed at De Koningshoeven, the brewery of La Trappe, in Tilburg. Windmill De Adriaan (2003) De Adriaan is a windmill in Haarlem that burnt down in 1932 and has been rebuilt in 2002. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Hulst ( (help· info)) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands in the east of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen. ... Soligny-la-Trappe is a commune of the Orne département, in the Basse-Normandie région of France. ... Tilburg ( (help· info)) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, located in the southern province of Noord-Brabant. ...

Coffeeshops

The oldest coffee shop in Haarlem is Het theehuis, but it is far from the only one. The most famous are the Willie wortel stores that are spread throughout the town and run by cannabis activist Nol van shaik. Coffee Shop is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1995 album, One Hot Minute. ... Look up Cannabis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

A map of all coffeeshops in Haarlem (for google earth) can be found here.

The world's most famous organ façade, at Haarlem's Sint-Bavokerk. Mozart once played this organ.

Image File history File links HaarlemOrgel. ... Image File history File links HaarlemOrgel. ... The baroque organ in Roskilde Cathedral, Denmark The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by forcing pressurized air (referred to as wind) through a series of pipes. ... The Grote Markt in 1696, painting by Gerrit Adriaensz. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ...

Harlem, Manhattan

In 1658 Dutchman Peter Stuyvesant founded the settlement of Nieuw Haarlem ("New Haarlem") on the island of Manhattan in North America. This settlement later became the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. In the mid-17th century, the primary Dutch settlement on Manhattan Island was Nieuw Amsterdam ("New Amsterdam"), on the southern tip of the island. Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Pieter Stuyvesant is also the name of a Dutch cigarette brand from Imperial Tobacco. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised community located within a larger city or suburb. ... This article is about the Harlem neighborhood in New York City. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... This article is about the settlement in present-day New York City. ...

Cultural references

• Folk singer Al Stewart mentions Haarlem in his song "Amsterdam".
• The train station of Haarlem was part of a set during the movie Ocean's Twelve
• The book Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister by Gregory Maguire is set in Haarlem.
• The book The Black Tulip by Alexandre Dumas, père has several scenes in Haarlem, most notably the ending, and it is the Horticultural Society of Haarlem that offers a reward for a black tulip.

Al Stewart (born Alastair Ian Stewart on September 5, 1945, Glasgow, Scotland), is a British singer-songwriter and musician. ... Oceans Twelve is a 2004 film that takes place after the events of the 2001 movie Oceans Eleven. ... Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister is a novel by Gregory Maguire, retelling the tale of Cinderella through the eyes of her Ugly Stepsisters. ... Gregory Maguire (born June 9, 1954 in Albany, New York) is an American author. ... The Black Tulip, a story about the gardener Cornelius van Baerle and the beautiful Rosa, is one of the most popular novels by Alexandre Dumas, père and filled with excitement and romance. ... “Alexandre Dumas” redirects here. ...

See also

• People from Haarlem

References

• Ach lieve tijd: 750 jaar Haarlem, de Haarlemmers en hun rijke verleden, F.W.J.Koorn (red), Vrieseborch, Zwolle 1984 (ISBN 90-6630-035-3)
• Deugd boven geweld: een geschiedenis van Haarlem, 1245-1995, G.F. van der Ree-Scholtens (red), Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum 1995 (ISBN 90-6550-504-0)
• Geschiedenis en beschrijving van Haarlem, van de vroegste tijden tot op onze dagen, F. Allan, J. J. van Brederode, Haarlem 1874
• Statistics are taken from the SDU Staatscourant

External links

• Map of Haarlem and surroundings
• bus map with stops
• Haarlem Shuffle: English language resources for Haarlem, the Netherlands
• Haarlem Paintings by Jacob van Ruisdael
• Ride the 50 km. long bicycle route to explore Haarlem and its surroundings.
• Haarlem Coffeeshop Tour (Google Earth)

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Water tower in Aalsmeer Aalsmeer is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland; its name is derived from the Dutch for eel and lake[1]. Aalsmeer is bordered by the Westeinderplassen lake - the largest open water of the Randstad - and the Ring Canal... Accijnstoren Cheese market Canal and bridge Weighing house Alkmaar (West Frisian: Alkmare) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of Noord Holland. ... Amstelveen is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ...   is a municipality and a village in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Anna Paulowna (population: 13,953 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Beemster (population: 8,541 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Bennebroek (population: 5,225 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Egmond aan Zees lighthouse Bergen (population: 31,738 in 2004) is a municipality and town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Beverwijk (population: 36,995 in 2004) is a municipality and a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Blaricum (population: 9,257 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Bloemendaal (population: 16,922 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Bussum is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Castricum is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Den Helder is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Diemen Noord by night Diemen (population: 24,049 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Drechterland (population: 10,378 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Edam-Volendam (population: 28,194 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Enkuizen Enkhuizen ( West Frisian: Inghúze) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Graft-De Rijp (population: 6,486 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude (population: 5,556 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Haarlemmermeer (population: 127,750 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Harenkarspel (population: 15,867 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Heemskerk is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Heemstede (population 25,660 in 2004) is a town in the northwestern Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Heerhugowaard (population: 47,239 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Heiloo is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... For other uses, see Hoorn (disambiguation). ... Huizen is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Koggenland is a part of North Holland province of the Netherlands. ... Landsmeer is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Langedijk is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Laren (population: 11,590 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Medemblik (population: 8,037 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Muiden is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Naarden is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Niedorp (population: 11,617 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Oostzaan (population: 9,176 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Opmeer is a municipality and town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Opmeer is a municipality and town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Ouder-Amstel (population: 13,055 in 2004) is a municipality in the northwestern Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Location of Purmerend Country Netherlands Province North Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 24. ... Schagen is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Schermer (population: 4,900 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Stede Broec is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... This article is about the Dutch island Texel. ... Uitgeest (population: 11,783 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Uithoorn (population: 26,763 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Velsen (population: 67,642 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on both sides of the North Sea Canal. ... Waterland is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Weesp (population: 17,843 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Wervershoof (population: 8,485 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Satellite image of the northernmost part of the Dutch province of North Holland, showing Wieringen (bottom right) and the island of Texel (center). ... Wieringermeer (population: 12,583 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Wijdemeren (population: 23,333 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Wormerland is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Image:Http://www. ... Zandvoort is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Zeevang (population: 6,323 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... Zijpe (population: 11,381 in 2004) is a municipality in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ...
See also: Netherlands · Provinces · Municipalities