Harar (sometimes spelled Harrar, Hārer, or Harer) is an eastern city in Ethiopia, and the capital of the modern Harari ethno-political division (or kilil) of Ethiopia. Located on a hilltop, in the eastern extension of the Ethiopian highlands about five hundred kilometers from Addis Ababa with an elevation of 1885 meters, this city has a latitude and longitude of 9°19′N, 42°7′E. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2848x2136, 2920 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Harar Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... As of 2006, there are a total of 830 World Heritage Sites located in 138 State Parties. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... Map of Ethiopia highlighting the Harari region (in red). ... Ethiopia is divided into 9 ethnically-based administrative regions (kililoch; singular - kilil): Afar Amhara Benishangul-Gumaz Gambela Hariai Oromia Somali Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region Tigray Additionally, there are two chartered cities (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akabibi): Addis Ababa Dire Dawa These administrative regions replaced the older system of... Ethiopian Highlands with Ras Dashan in the background. ... For the long-distance runner, see Addis Abebe. ...

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Harar has an estimated total population of 122,000, of whom 60,000 were males and 62,000 were females.^[1] According to the census of 1994, on which this estimate is based, the city has a population of 76,378. The Central Statistical Agency (CSA; Amh. ...

For centuries, Harar has been a major commercial center, linked by the trade routes with the rest of Ethiopia, the entire Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and, through its ports, the outside world. The Horn of Africa. ... Arabia redirects here. ...

Harar Jugol has been included in the World Heritage List in 2006 by UNESCO in recognition of its cultural heritage.^[2] It is considered "the fourth holiest city of Islam" with 82 mosques, three of which date from the 10th century, and 102 shrines. ^[3] Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

Harar is also famous for its distinctive, natural processed coffees which bear the same name.

Coordinates: 9°19′N, 42°7′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

People

People in the market, Harar, Ethiopia Courtesy: http://www.whileseated.org

The inhabitants of Harar represent several ethnic groups, both Muslim and Christian, including Amhara, Oromo, Somali, Gurage, Tigray, and others. Nevertheless, within the walled city, the indigenous Harari are predominant. The Harari, who refer to themselves as Gey 'Usu ("People of the City") are a Semitic speaking people, once thought to be descended from an Aksumite military outpost. Today, they are most commonly classed as a social and cultural, rather than as a distinct ethnic group, since most families have intermingled with the neighboring groups, and were welcoming of foreigners into their community. Their language, Harari, constitutes a Semitic pocket in a predominantly Cushitic region. Originally written in the Arabic script, it has recently converted to the Ge'ez alphabet. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (599x640, 128 KB) Summary People in the market at Harar, Ethiopia, by Michael David Murphy, http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (599x640, 128 KB) Summary People in the market at Harar, Ethiopia, by Michael David Murphy, http://www. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Amhara (Amharic: አማራ, Geez: አምሐራ) is an ethnic group in the central highlands of Ethiopia, numbering about 23 million, making up 30. ... For the language, see Oromo language. ... Gurage is an ethnic group in Ethiopia. ... The Tigray-Tigrinya are an ethnic group who live in Eritrea and the northern highlands of Ethiopias Tigray province. ... 14th century BC diplomatic letter in Akkadian, found in Tell Amarna. ... The Kingdom of Aksum (or Axum, Geez አክሱም), was an important trading nation in northeastern Africa, growing from the proto-Aksumite period ca. ... aman be dejqho ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ...

History

Called "Gey" ("the City") by its inhabitants, Harar was founded between the 7th and the 11th century (according to different sources) and emerged as the center of Islamic culture and religion in the Horn of Africa. It was part of the Adal Sultanate (at times a vassal of Ethiopia) of which it became the capital in 1520 under Abu Bakr. From Harar, Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi, also known as "Gragn the Left-handed," launched a war of conquest in the sixteenth century that extended its territory and even threatened the existence of the Christian Ethiopian empire. His successor, Emir Nur ibn Mujahid, encircled the city with a wall, 4 meters high and with five gates. This wall, called Jugol, is still intact, and is a symbol of the town to the inhabitants. For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Adal was a sixteenth century province-cum-sultanate located in East Africa north of Ethiopia, in modern Eritrea and Djibouti. ... Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad (reigned 1525 - 1526) was a sultan of Adal. ... Ahmed Gurey statue in Mogadishu. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Nur ibn Mujahid ibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdullah al Dhuhi Suha (literally the morning star; died 1567) was Emir of Harar in the 16th century. ...

Panorama of Harar, Ethiopia Courtesy: http://www.whileseated.org

The sixteenth century was the Golden Age of Harar. The local culture flourished, and many poets lived and wrote there. It also became known for coffee, weaving, basketry and bookbinding. The rulers of Harar also struck its own currency, the earliest possible issues bearing a date that may be read as AH 615 (= AD 1218/19); but definitely by AD 1789 the first coins were issued, and more were issued into the nineteenth century.^[4] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1566x489, 326 KB) Summary Panoramic photo of Harar, Ethiopia from the window of the Rimbaud Museum, by Michael David Murphy, http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1566x489, 326 KB) Summary Panoramic photo of Harar, Ethiopia from the window of the Rimbaud Museum, by Michael David Murphy, http://www. ... This article is about the art form. ... For other uses, see Coffee (disambiguation). ... Tweed loom, Harris, 2004 Woven sheet Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ... Four styles of household basket. ... Old book binding and cover Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwīm-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate...

The city managed to maintain its independence until 1875, when it was conquered by Egypt. During this period, Arthur Rimbaud lived in the city - his former house now a museum. Ten years later, it regained its independence, but this lasted only two years until 6 January 1887 when the Battle of Chelenqo led to Harar's incorporation into the Negus Menelik II of Ethiopia's growing Empire based in Shewa. 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Rimbaud redirects here. ... The Palais du Louvre in Paris, which houses the Musée du Louvre, one of the worlds most famous museums, and most certainly the largest. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... The Battle of Chelenqo was an engagement fought on 6 January 1887 between the army of Shewa under Negus Menelik II and `Abd Allah II of Harar. ... Menelik II (August 17, 1844 - December 12, 1913), Conquering Lion of Judah, Elect of God, King of Kings of Ethiopia was negus negust (emperor) of Ethiopia from 1889 to his death. ... Shewa (also spelled Shoa) is a historical region of Ethiopia. ...

Harar lost some of its commercial importance with the creation of the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway, initially intended to run via the city but diverted north of the mountains between Harar and the Awash River to save money. As a result of this, Dire Dawa was founded in 1902 as New Harar. The Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia (often referred to by its French name Compagnie Impériale des Chemins de Fer Éthiopiens) was a semi-private firm founded in 1894 to build and operate a railway across eastern Ethiopia from Addis Ababa to the port of Djibouti in what was at... The Awash (sometimes spelled Hawash) is a major river of Ethiopia. ... Map of Ethiopia showing Dire Dawa (in red). ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1995 the city and its environs became an Ethiopian region (or kilil) in its own right. A pipeline to carry water to the city from Dire Dawa is currently under construction. Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Ethiopia is divided into 9 ethnically-based administrative regions (kililoch; singular - kilil) and two chartered cities (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akabibi), indicated by asterisks: Addis Ababa* Afar Amhara Benishangul-Gumaz Dire Dawa* Gambela Harari Oromia Somali Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region Tigray These administrative regions replaced the older system... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

Attractions

The old town is home to 110 mosques and many more shrines, centred on Feres Magala square. Notable buildings include Medhane Alem Cathedral and the sixteenth century Jami Mosque. There is also a market. A long standing tradition of feeding meat to hyenas one night a year developed in the 1960s into a nightly feeding show for the benefit of tourists. The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Shrine is also used as a conventional translation of the Japanese Jinja. ... A town square is an open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town used for community gatherings. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Look up Market in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Subfamilies and Genera Hyaeninae Crocuta Hyaena Parahyaena Protelinae Proteles Hyenas or Hyænas are moderately large terrestrial carnivores native to Africa, Arabia, Asia and the Indian subcontinent. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ... A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ...

Notes

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Fritz Stuber, "Harar in Äthiopien - Hoffnungslosigkeit und Chancen der Stadterhaltung" (Harar in Ethiopia - The Hopelessness and Challenge of Urban Preservation), in: Die alte Stadt. Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflege und Stadtentwicklung (W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Berlin Köln), Vol. 28, No. 4, 2001, ISSN 0170-9364, pp. 324-343, 14 ill.

See also

• List of emirs of Harar (after 1660)
• Harar Brewery
• Harar coffee
• Islam in Ethiopia

The Emirs of Harrar are as follows: 1671 - 1700 — `Abd Allah I ibn `Ali 1700 - 1721 — Talha ibn `Abd Allah 1721 - 1732 — Abu Bakr I ibn `Abd Allah 1732 - 1733 — Khalaf ibn Abi Bakr 1733 - 1747 — Hamid ibn Abi Bakr 1747 - 1755 — Yusuf ibn... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... According to the latest 1994 national census, Islam is the second most widely practiced religion in Ethiopia after Christianity, with approximately one third (32. ...

External links

• Harari portal - Gateway to Harar and Harraris on the web
• Harari People -Harraris finder community
• Harar and the Hayena man Performance
• Writer Camilla Gibb's photos of Harar
• Ethiopian Treasures - Harar City Wall
• Map of Harar (1936)
• Harar at the turn of the Century
• Ras Makonnen's Vacant Mausoleum
• Rimbaud In Harar
• Harar Under Egyptian Rule
• Harar in the Old Days
• List of Emirs of Adal and Harar (complete)
• Harari Australia portal - Gateway to Harar and Harraris on the web
• Photos Pascal Meunier

Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ...