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If the first 15 harmonics are transposed into the span of one octave, they approximate what the West has adopted as the major scale based on the fundamental tone.
Rather than perceiving the individual harmonics of a musical tone, we perceive them together as a tone color or timbre, and we hear the overall pitch as the fundamental of the harmonicseries being experienced.
Notes that are not in the harmonicseries are played by changing the effective length of the resonator, usually by opening a venting hole in the side of the instrument.