Harold Elliot Varmus (b. December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel prize winning scientist. He was a co-recipient (along with J. Michael Bishop) of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (614x914, 79 KB) Photo of Harold E. Varmus from the NIH web site: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (614x914, 79 KB) Photo of Harold E. Varmus from the NIH web site: http://www. ... In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... J. Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ... Genera Alpharetrovirus Betaretrovirus Gammaretrovirus Deltaretrovirus Epsilonretrovirus Lentivirus Spumavirus A retrovirus is any virus belonging to the viral family Retroviridae. ... An oncogene is a modified gene that increases the malignancy of a tumor cell. ...

Varmus was born to Jewish parents of Eastern European descent in Freeport, New York ^[1]. In 1957, he enrolled at Amherst College, intending to follow in his father's footsteps as a medical doctor, but eventually graduating with a B.A. in English literature ^[2]. He went on to earn a graduate degree in English at Harvard University in 1962 before changing his mind once again and applying to medical schools ^[3]. That same year, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University and later worked at a missionary hospital in Bareilly, India and the Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital ^[4]. Seeking to avoid the draft for the Vietnam War, Varmus joined the Public Health Service at the National Institutes of Health in 1968 ^[5]. Working under Ira Pastan, he researched regulation bacterial gene expression by cyclic AMP. In 1970, he began post-doctoral studies in Bishop's lab at University of California, San Francisco ^[6]. There, he and Bishop performed the oncogene research that would win them the Nobel Prize. He became a faculty member at UCSF in 1972 and a professor in 1979 ^[7]. For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Freeport is a village in the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, USA, on the South Shore of Long Island. ... ... The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; Joseph Conrad was Polish, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, Salman Rushdie is Indian, V.S... Harvard redirects here. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... Columbia University Medical Center is name of the medical complex associated with Columbia University located in Washington Heights area of Manhattan. ... Columbia University is a private research university whose main campus lies in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of the Borough of Manhattan in New York City. ... Bareilly   (Hindi: बरेली, Urdu: باریلی) is a city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for medical research. ... Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... Structure of cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3-5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... UCSF in 1908, with the streetcar that used to run on Parnassus Avenue The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is one of the worlds leading centers of health sciences research, patient care, and education. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ...

From 1993 to 2000, he served as Director of the National Institutes of Health. As the NIH director, Varmus was credited with nearly doubling the research agency's budget ^[8]. Since January, 2000, he has served as President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... This article is about the year 2000. ... The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for medical research. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in New York City is a cancer treatment and research institution founded in 1884 as the New York Cancer Hospital. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1613  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ...

Beginning during his tenure as NIH director, Varmus has been a champion of an open access system for scientific papers, arguing that scientists should have control over the dissemination of their research rather than journal editors ^[9]. He has advocated a system in which journals make their articles freely available on PubMed Central six months after publication ^[10]. He is co-founder and chairman of the board of directors of the Public Library of Science, a not-for-profit open access publisher. He currently serves on the advisory boards of the Campaign to Defend the Constitution, an organization dedicated to opposing the religious right, and Scientists and Engineers for America, an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government. Open access (OA) is the free online availability of digital content. ... In scientific publishing, a paper is a scientific article that is published in a scientific journal. ... PubMed Central grew from the online Entrez PubMed biomedical literature search system. ... The Public Library of Science (PLoS) is a nonprofit open access scientific publishing project aimed at creating a library of scientific journals and other scientific literature under an open content license. ... Campaign to Defend the Constitution (DefCon) is an American online organization founded in September, 2005 to support the constitutional separation of church and state and to oppose what it perceives as the growing influence of the religious right. ... Scientists and Engineers for America (SEA) is an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government, and supporting candidates who understand science and its applications. ...

He is also a recipient of 2001 National Medal of Science 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... National Medal of Science The National Medal of Science, also called the Presidential Medal of Science, is an honor given by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social...

Varmus, an avid bicyclist, runner, rower, and fisherman, has been married to Constance Casey since 1969 and has two sons, Jacob and Christopher. A cyclist is a person who engages in cycling whether as a sport or rides a bicycle for recreation or transportation. ... A runner may be: In modern drug subcultures, a person who delivers drugs to one who is purchasing them, from the drug dealer. ... The GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004. ... A fisherman in central Chile A Long Island fisherman cleans his nets A fisherman (in recent years sometimes called a fisher to be non-gender specific), is a person who engages in the activity of fishing. ... Year 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... Look up Christopher in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

References

• ↑ Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1989, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, 1990.
• ↑ Jamie Shreeve. "Free Radical." Wired Magazine. June 2006. Issue 14.06. [11]

External links

• Harold Elliot Varmus biography from Access Excellence
• Harold Varmus biography from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
• Harold Varmus profile from the Public Library of Science
• Harold Varmus Nobel Foundation Profile
• Harold Varmus debates the Open Access journal model