NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Harold Kroto

Sir Harold Walter Kroto, FRS (born 7 October 1939) is an English chemist and one of the winners of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (733x1024, 67 KB) Sir Harold Kroto By: sneezypb Source: [1] from [2] License: CC-BY-2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (733x1024, 67 KB) Sir Harold Kroto By: sneezypb Source: [1] from [2] License: CC-BY-2. ... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (281st in leap years). ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... It has been suggested that the central science be merged into this article or section. ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to 2006. ...

He is currently on faculty at Florida State University, which he joined in 2004, and prior to that he spent a large part of his working career at the University of Sussex, where he holds an emeritus professorship. Florida State University (commonly referred to as Florida State or FSU)[6] is a public research university located in Tallahassee, the capital city of Florida. ... The University of Sussex (also known colloquially as Sussex Uni) is an English campus university which is situated next to the East Sussex village of Falmer, and is four miles from Brighton. ...

Early life

He was born, christened Harold Krotoschiner in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England with his unusual name being of Silesian origin. His father's family came from Bojanowo, Poland, and his mother's from Berlin, Germany. OS Grid Reference: TF460098 Lat/Lon: 52Â°39â€²N 0Â°09â€²W Population: 20,200 (2001 Census) Dwellings: 9,145 (2001 Census) Formal status: Town Administration County: Cambridgeshire Region: East Anglia Nation: England Post Office and Telephone Post town: Wisbech Postcode: PE13, PE14 Dialling Code: 01945 Wisbech (IPA /wÉªzb... Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... This article is about the Polish dialect. ... Market (Rynek) of Bojanowo SzkoÅ‚a Rolnicza Brewery (Browar) of Bojanowo Bojanowo (German: Bojanowo, SchmÃ¼cken) is a city in the Powiat Rawicki, Poland. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ...

Both his parents were born in Berlin but came to Great Britain in the 1930s as refugees from the Nazis because his father was Jewish.

He was raised in Bolton, Lancashire, England, where he attended Bolton School, where he was a contemporary of the highly acclaimed actor Sir Ian McKellen. In 1955 the family name was shortened to Kroto. Bolton is a large town in the north-west of England. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130... Bolton School is a public school (independent school) situated in the town of Bolton, Greater Manchester in the North-West of England. ... Sir Ian McKellen takes a day out at Universal Studios, Hollywood, April 2000. ...

As a child, he became fascinated by a Meccano set. Kroto credits Meccano — amongst other things — with developing skills useful in scientific research ^[1]. He was raised Jewish, but the religion never made any sense to him. Meccano is a model construction kit comprising re-usable metal strips, plates, angle girders, wheels axles and gears, with nuts and bolts to connect the pieces. ... Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. ...

He now claims to have four "religions": humanism, atheism, amnesty-internationalism and humourism. He developed an interest in chemistry, physics, and mathematics in secondary school, and because his sixth form chemistry teacher (Harry Heaney - who subsequently became a University Professor) felt that the University of Sheffield had the best chemistry department in the United Kingdom, he went to Sheffield. Humanism[1] is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualitiesâ€”particularly rationality. ... â€œAtheistâ€ redirects here. ... Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a pressure group that promotes human rights. ... It has been suggested that the central science be merged into this article or section. ... The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density Physics (Greek: (phÃºsis), nature and (phusikÃ©), knowledge of nature) is the branch of science concerned with the discovery and characterization of universal laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. ... Euclid, Greek mathematician, 3rd century BC, as imagined by by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens. ... England, Wales, Northern Ireland The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems, is the term used to refer to the final two years of secondary schooling (when students are about sixteen to eighteen years of age), during which students normally prepare for their GCE A-level... Harry Heaney is an Emeritus Professor of Organic Chemistry at Loughborough University. ... The University of Sheffield is a research university, located in Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. ...

Early work

In 1961 he obtained a first class BSc honours degree in chemistry at the University of Sheffield, followed in 1964 by a PhD at the same institution. His doctoral research involved high-resolution electronic spectra of free radicals produced by flash photolysis (breaking of chemical bonds by light). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that the central science be merged into this article or section. ... The University of Sheffield is a research university, located in Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. ... Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph. ... In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ... Flash photolysis is a pump-probe technique, where you excite with short pulse light sources like flash lamp, lasers of nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond pulse width. ... A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Among other things such as making the first phosphaalkenes (compounds with carbon phosphorus double bonds), his doctoral studies included some unpublished research on carbon suboxide, O=C=C=C=O, and this led to a general interest in molecules containing chains of carbon atoms with numerous multiple bonds. He started his work with an interest in organic chemistry, but when he learned about spectroscopy it inclined him to quantum chemistry. Carbon suboxide, C3O2, is a colorless gas with a melting point of -107oC and a boiling point of 6. ... In science, a molecule is a group of atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds. ... Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compounds consisting of primarily carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, halogens as well... Extremely high resolution spectrogram of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines (fraunhofer lines) Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between radiation (electromagnetic radiation, or light, as well as particle radiation) and matter. ... Quantum chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry, which applies quantum mechanics and quantum field theory to address issues and problems in chemistry. ...

After postdoctoral research at the National Research Council in Canada and Bell Laboratories in the USA he began teaching and research at the University of Sussex in England in 1967. He became a full professor in 1985, and a Royal Society Research Professor from 1991 – 2001. Bell Telephone Laboratories or Bell Labs was originally the research and development arm of the United States Bell System, and was the premier corporate facility of its type, developing a range of revolutionary technologies from telephone switches to specialized coverings for telephone cables, to the transistor. ... The University of Sussex (also known colloquially as Sussex Uni) is an English campus university which is situated next to the East Sussex village of Falmer, and is four miles from Brighton. ...

Subsequent work

In the 1970s he launched a research programme at Sussex to look for carbon chains in interstellar space. Earlier studies had detected the molecule cyanoacetylene, H-C≡C-C≡N. Kroto's group searched for spectral evidence of longer similar molecules such as cyanobutadiyne, H-C≡C-C≡C-C≡N and cyanohexatriyne, H-C≡C-C≡C-C≡C-C≡N, and found them from 1975–1978. General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... Interstellar Space was one of the last albums recorded before the death of John Coltrane in 1967. ... Cyanoacetylene, chemical formula C3HN, is also known as 2-Propynenitrile. ... The polyynes are a group of organic compounds with alternating single and triple bonds, for example buta-1,3-diyne (diacetylene), C4H2. ... The polyynes are a group of organic compounds with alternating single and triple bonds, for example buta-1,3-diyne (diacetylene), C4H2. ...

Trying to explain them led to the discovery of the C₆₀ molecule. (See buckminsterfullerene.) He heard of laser spectroscopy work being done by Richard Smalley and Robert Curl at Rice University in Texas. He suggested that they should use the Rice apparatus to simulate the carbon chemistry that occurs in the atmosphere of a carbon star. Buckminsterfullerene (C60) Fullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon, taking the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. ... Experiment with a laser (US Military) In physics, a laser is a device that emits light through a specific mechanism for which the term laser is an acronym: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. ... Extremely high resolution spectrogram of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines (fraunhofer lines) Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between radiation (electromagnetic radiation, or light, as well as particle radiation) and matter. ... Richard Errett Smalley Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 â€“ October 28, 2005) was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. ... Robert Floyd Curl, Jr. ... Lovett Hall William Marsh Rice University, commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art, is a private, comprehensive research university located in Houston, Texas, USA, near the Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. ...

The experiment carried out in September 1985 not only proved that carbon stars could produce the chains but revealed an amazing, serendipitous result - the existence of the C₆₀ species. The three scientists carried out the work with graduate students Jim Heath (now a full Professor at Caltech), Sean O'Brien (now at Texas Instruments), and Yuan Liu (now at Oak Ridge). The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Curl, Kroto and Smalley in 1996. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... California Institute of Technology The California Institute of Technology (commonly known as Caltech) is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ... Texas Instruments (NYSE: TXN), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA, renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor and computer technology. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ...

In 1995 he jointly set up the Vega Science Trust a UK educational charity (see www.vega.org.uk) to create high quality science films including lectures, interviews with Nobel Laureates, discussion programmes, careers and teaching resources for TV and Internet Broadcast. Vega has produced some 100 plus programmes of which 50 have been broadcast on BBC TV in the late-night slots all programmes stream for freely from the Vega website which acts as .TV science channel. Viewing figures on terrestrial TV vary from 300,000 to 700,000. The website which is accessed by over 165 countries is designed by Harry Kroto and shows his other main interest - graphic design.

He presently carries out research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. A mite next to a gear chain produced using nanotechnology Nanotechnology as a collective term refers to technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0. ... Buckminsterfullerene C60, also known as the buckyball, is the simplest of the carbon structures known as fullerenes. ...

Awards and Honours

Kroto was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1990, and was awarded a knighthood (becoming Sir Harold Kroto) in 1996. Later that year he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to 2006. ...

His alma mater, the University of Sheffield, awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1995 at the undergraduate degree congregation. Alma mater is Latin for nourishing mother. It was used in ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in Medieval Christianity for the Virgin Mary. ... The University of Sheffield is a research university, located in Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. ... An honorary degree (Latin: honoris causa ad gradum, not to be confused with an honors degree) is an academic degree awarded to an individual as a decoration, rather than as the result of matriculating and studying for several years. ...

In 2001, Kroto won the Royal Society's prestigious Michael Faraday Award. The award is given annually to a scientist who has done the most to further public communication of science, engineering or technology in the United Kingdom. Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Michael Faraday Prize is a science award given anually by the Royal Society. ...

In 2002 he was elected as president of the Royal Society of Chemistry where he is a fellow and served until 2005 in what could be considered as one of the most successful tenures in history. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Royal Society of Chemistry The Royal Society of Chemistry is a learned society (professional association) in the United Kingdom with the goal of advancing the chemical sciences. ...

On 29 November 2004, Kroto announced he was to return his honorary degree from the University of Exeter, in protest over the closure of their Department of Chemistry. November 29 is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Exeter is a leading red brick university. ...

He was awarded the 2004 Copley Medal of the Royal Society. The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ...

On 17 June 2005, the University of Surrey conferred an honorary doctorate on him at an undergraduate degree ceremony. ^[2] is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Surrey received its charter on September 9, 1966, and was at that time situated near Battersea Park in south-west London. ... An honorary degree (Latin: honoris causa ad gradum, not to be confused with an honors degree) is an academic degree awarded to an individual as a decoration, rather than as the result of matriculating and studying for several years. ...

Professor Kroto is a Distinguished Supporter of the British Humanist Association. The British Humanist Association is an organisation of the United Kingdom which promotes Humanism. ...

In 2005, the University of Sheffield established the Kroto Research Campus, housing the Kroto Research Institute and the Nanoscience and Technology Centre ^[3].

References

External links

Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Laureates

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1901: van 't Hoff 02: E.Fischer 03: Arrhenius 04: Ramsay 05: von Baeyer 06: Moissan 07: Buchner 08: Rutherford 09: Ostwald 10: Wallach 11: Curie 12: Grignard, Sabatier 13: Werner 14: Richards 15: Willstätter 18: Haber 20: Nernst 21: Soddy 22: Aston 23: Pregl 25: Zsigmondy 26: Svedberg 27: Wieland 28: Windaus 29: Harden, von Euler‑Chelpin 30: H.Fischer 31: Bosch, Bergius 32: Langmuir 34: Urey 35: F.Joliot‑Curie, I.Joliot‑Curie 36: Debye 37: Haworth, Karrer 38: Kuhn 39: Butenandt, Ružička 43: de Hevesy 44: Hahn 45: Virtanen 46: Sumner, Northrop, Stanley 47: Robinson 48: Tiselius 49: Giauque 50: Diels, Alder 51: McMillan, Seaborg 52: Martin, Synge 53: Staudinger 54: Pauling 55: du Vigneaud 56: Hinshelwood, Semyonov 57: Todd 58: Sanger 59: Heyrovský 60: Libby 61: Calvin 62: Perutz, Kendrew 63: Ziegler, Natta 64: Hodgkin 65: Woodward 66: Mulliken 67: Eigen, Norrish, Porter 68: Onsager 69: Barton, Hassel 70: Leloir 71: Herzberg 72: Anfinsen, Moore, Stein 73: E.O.Fischer, Wilkinson 74: Flory 75: Cornforth, Prelog 76: Lipscomb 77: Prigogine 78: Mitchell 79: Brown, Wittig 80: Berg, Gilbert, Sanger 81: Fukui, Hoffmann 82: Klug 83: Taube 84: Merrifield 85: Hauptman, Karle 86: Herschbach, Lee, Polanyi 87: Cram, Lehn, Pedersen 88: Deisenhofer, Huber, Michel 89: Altman, Cech 90: Corey 91: Ernst 92: Marcus 93: Mullis, Smith 94: Olah 95: Crutzen, Molina, Rowland 96: Curl, Kroto, Smalley 97: Boyer, Walker, Skou 98: Kohn, Pople 99: Zewail 2000: Heeger, MacDiarmid, Shirakawa 01: Knowles, Noyori, Sharpless 02: Fenn, Tanaka, Wüthrich 03: Agre, MacKinnon 04: Ciechanover, Hershko, Rose 05: Grubbs, Schrock, Chauvin 06: Kornberg The premises of The Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to 2006. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff (August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in chemistry. ... Hermann Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 - July 15, 1919) was a German chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902. ... Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 â€“ October 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. ... Sir William Ramsay (October 2, 1852 â€“ July 23, 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 (along with Lord Rayleigh who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for the discovery of argon). ... Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry . ... The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852--1907) won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. ... Eduard Buchner (May 20, 1860 -- August 12, 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation. ... Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 - 19 October 1937), widely referred to as Lord Rutherford, was a nuclear physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (commonly just Wilhelm Ostwald) (September 2, 1853 - April 4, 1932) was a German chemist. ... Otto Wallach (March 27, 1847 at KÃ¶nigsberg - February 26, 1931 at GÃ¶ttingen) was a German Chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1910 for work on alicyclic compounds. ... Madame Curie redirects here. ... François Auguste Victor Grignard (born in Cherbourg, 6 May 1871, died in Lyon, 13 December 1935) was a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist. ... Paul Sabatier (November 5, 1854 â€“ August 14, 1941) was a French chemist, born at Carcassonne. ... Alfred Werner (December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a German Nobel prize-winning chemist. ... Theodore William Richards was an American chemist. ... Richard WillstÃ¤tter Richard Martin WillstÃ¤tter (August 13, 1872 â€“ August 3, 1942) was a German chemist whose study of the structure of chlorophyll and other plant pigments won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ... Fritz Haber in 1918. ... Walther Nernst. ... Frederick Soddy in 1922. ... Francis William Aston (born Birmingham, September 1, 1877; died Cambridge, November 20, 1945) was a British physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of the mass spectrometer. ... Fritz (Friderik) Pregl (September 3, 1869 â€“ December 13, 1930) was an Austrian chemist of Slovenian descent. ... Richard Zsigmondy Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (April 1, 1865 in Vienna, Austrian Empire (now Austria) - September 23, 1929 in GÃ¶ttingen, Germany) was an Austrian-German chemist of Hungarian ancestry who studied colloids. ... Theodor (The) Svedberg (August 30, 1884 â€“ February 25, 1971) was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate. ... Heinrich Otto Wieland (June 4, 1877 â€“ August 5, 1957) was a German chemist. ... Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (December 25, 1876 – June 9, 1959) was a significant German chemist. ... Arthur Harden (October 12, 1865 – June 17, 1940) was an English biochemist. ... Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (February 15, 1873 – November 6, 1964) was a Swedish (German-born) biochemist. ... Hans Fischer (July 27, 1881 â€“ March 31, 1945) was a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ... Carl Bosch (August 27, 1874 â€“ April 26, 1940) was a German chemist and engineer. ... Friedrich Bergius (October 11, 1884 - March 30, 1949) was born near Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw in Poland). ... Irving Langmuir at home (c. ... Harold Urey, circa 1963. ... FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie Jean FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie nÃ© Joliot (March 19, 1900 â€“ August 14, 1958) was a French physicist and Nobel laureate. ... IrÃ¨ne Joliot-Curie nÃ©e Curie, (12 September 1897 â€“ 17 March 1956) was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie SkÅ‚odowska-Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie. ... Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije (March 24, 1884 â€“ November 2, 1966) was a Dutch physical chemist. ... Sir Walter Norman Haworth (born Chorley, Lancashire March 19, 1883 â€“ March 19, 1950) was a British chemist who is best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) whilst working at Birmingham University. ... Paul Karrer (April 21, 1889 â€“ June 18, 1971) was a Swiss organic chemist best known for his work on vitamins. ... Richard Kuhn (December 3, 1900 – August 1, 1967) was a German biochemist, born in Vienna, Austria. ... Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (March 24, 1903 - January 18, 1995) was a German biochemist. ... Lavoslav (Leopold) RuÅ¾iÄka (September 13, 1887 â€“ September 26, 1976) was a winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the first one from Croatia. ... George Charles de Hevesy (born as Hevesy GyÃ¶rgy, also known as Georg Karl von Hevesy) (August 1, 1885 in Budapest â€“ July 5, 1966) was a Hungarian chemist who was important in the development of the tracer method where radioactive tracers are used to study chemical processes, e. ... Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, 1913, at the KWI for Chemistry in Berlin Otto Hahn (March 8, 1879 â€“ July 28, 1968) was a German chemist and received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (IPA: ) (January 15, 1895 â€“ November 11, 1973) was a Finnish chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... James Batcheller Sumner (November 19, 1887 â€“ August 12, 1955) was an American chemist. ... John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 â€“ May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 (with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley) for purifying and crystallizing certain enzymes. ... Wendell Meredith Stanley (August 16, 1904 â€“ June 15, 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel prize laureate. ... Sir Robert Robinson, (13 September 1886 â€“ 8 February 1975), won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry [1] for his research on plant dyestuffs (anthocyanins) and alkaloids. ... Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (Stockholm 10 August 1902 – Uppsala 29 October 1971), Swedish biochemist. ... William Giauque (May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. ... Otto Paul Hermann Diels (January 23, 1876 â€“ March 7, 1954) was a German chemist. ... Kurt Alder (10 July 1902 - 20 June 1958) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Otto Paul Hermann Diels in 1950. ... Edwin Mattison McMillan (September 18, 1907-September 7, 1991) was the first scientist to produce a transuranium element. ... Glenn T. Seaborg Glenn Theodore Seaborg (April 19, 1912 â€“ February 25, 1999) was an American chemist prominent in the discovery and isolation of ten transuranic elements including plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and seaborgium, which was named in his honor. ... Archer John Porter Martin was a British chemist and Nobel Prize winner. ... Richard Laurence Millington Synge (born Liverpool, October 28, 1914, died Norwich, August 18, 1994) was a British biochemist, and winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography. ... Hermann Staudinger (March 23, 1881 in Worms- Sept. ... Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 â€“ August 19, 1994) was an American quantum chemist and biochemist. ... Vincent du Vigneaud (May 18, 1901 - December 11, 1978) was a U.S. biochemist. ... Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood was an English physical chemist. ... Semyonov (right) and Kapitsa, portrait by Boris Kustodiev, 1921. ... Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd, PC , OM , FRS (2 October 1907 â€“ 10 January 1997) was a Scottish biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ... Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and a two time Nobel laureate in Chemistry. ... Jaroslav HeyrovskÃ½ listen â–¶(?) (December 20, 1890 â€“ March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1959. ... Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 â€“ September 8, 1980) was an American chemist, famous for his role in the development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology. ... Melvin Calvin he had fun in bed Melvin Calvin (April 8, 1911 â€“ January 8, 1997) was a chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle (along with Andrew Benson), for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM (May 19, 1914 â€“ February 6, 2002) was an Austrian-British molecular biologist. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Karl Waldemar Ziegler (November 26, 1898 â€“ August 12, 1973) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on high polymers. ... Giulio Natta (February 26, 1903 â€“ May 2, 1979) was an Italian chemist. ... Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, OM , FRS (12 May 1910 â€“ 29 July 1994) was a British founder of protein crystallography. ... Robert Burns Woodward (April 10, 1917â€“July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist. ... Robert Sanderson Mulliken (June 7, 1896 â€“ October 31, 1986) was an American physicist and chemist, primarily responsible for the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules. ... Manfred Eigen (born May 9, 1927, Bochum) is a German biophysicist and a former director of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in GÃ¶ttingen. ... Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (November 9, 1897 â€“ June 7, 1978) was a British chemist. ... The Right Honourable George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham, OM, FRS (6 December 1920â€“31 August 2002) was an English chemist. ... Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 â€“ October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian-American physical chemist and theoretical physicist, winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton was a British physical chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate. ... Odd Hassel was a Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate. ... Luis Federico Leloir (September 6, 1906 â€“ December 2, 1987) was an Argentine doctor and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... Gerhard Herzberg (December 25, 1904 â€“ March 3, 1999) was a pioneering theoretical chemist. ... Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. ... Stanford Moore (September 4, 1913 â€“ August 23, 1982) was a U.S. biochemist. ... William Howard Stein (1911 - 1980) was a U.S. biochemist. ... Ernst Otto Fischer is a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the area of organometallic chemistry. ... Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson was an English chemist He was born 14 July 1921 in the village of Springside, near Todmorden in Yorkshire. ... ... Sir John Warcup Kappa Cornforth FRS (born 7 September 1917), is a scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. ... Vladimir Prelog (July 23, 1906 â€“ January 7, 1998) was a renowned Bosnian - Croatian chemist who worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zurich and who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1975. ... William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. ... Ilya Prigogine (January 25, 1917 â€“ May 28, 2003) was a Belgian physicist and chemist noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. ... Peter D. Mitchell (September 29, 1920- April 10, 1992) was a British biochemist who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for formulation of the chemiosmotic theory of mitochondrial function. ... Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 â€“ December 19, 2004) was a chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979 (along with Georg Wittig) for his work with organoboranes. ... Georg Wittig (June 16, 1897 in Berlin (Germany) - August 26, 1987) was a german chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides. ... Paul Berg, born June 30, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York, USA, is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. ... Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American physicist, biochemist,and molecular biology pioneer. ... Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and a two time Nobel laureate in Chemistry. ... Kenichi Fukui (ç¦äº•è¬™ä¸€ Fukui Kenichi, October 4, 1918 â€“ January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist. ... Roald Hoffmann (born July 18, 1937 as Roald Safran --- Hoffmann is the surname of his stepfather) is an American theoretical chemist of Polish-Jewish origin. ... Sir Aaron Klug, OM, FRS (born 11 August 1926 in Zelvas, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes. ... Professor Henry Taube, Ph. ... Robert Bruce Merrifield (July 15, 1921 â€“ May 14, 2006) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984. ... Dr. Herbert A. Hauptman (born February 14, 1917) is a world renowned American mathematician and Nobel laureate. ... Jerome Karle is an American physical chemist. ... Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932), a chemist and Frank B. Baird Jr. ... Yuan Tseh Lee (Chinese: æŽé å“² Pinyin: LÇ YuÇŽnzhÃ©, Wade-Giles: LiÂ³ YÃ¼anÂ³-cheÂ²) (born November 19, 1936) is a famous chemist. ... John Charles Polanyi (born January 23, 1929) is a Canadian chemist. ... Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 â€“ June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for â€œsynthesizing three-dimensional molecules that could mimic the functioning of natural molecules. ... Jean-Marie Lehn (born September 30, 1939) is a French chemist. ... Charles J. Pedersen (October 3, 1904â€“October 26, 1989) was an American organic chemist best known for describing methods of synthesizing crown ethers. ... Johann Deisenhofer (born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the structure of a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essential to photosynthesis. ... Robert Huber is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate. ... Hartmut Michel is a German biochemist and Nobel Laureate. ... Sidney Altman Sidney Altman (born May 7, 1939) is a Canadian-born molecular biologist, who is currently the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. ... Thomas R. Cech was born on December 8, 1947 in Chicago. ... Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. ... Richard Robert Ernst (born August 14, 1933) is a Swiss chemist and Nobel Laureate. ... Rudolph A. Marcus in 2005 Rudolph Rudy Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his theory of electron transfer. ... Kary Banks Mullis (b. ... Michael Smith, C.C., O.B.C., Ph. ... George Andrew Olah (born May 22, 1927 as GyÃ¶rgy OlÃ¡h) is a Hungarian-born American chemist. ... Paul J. Crutzen (December 3rd, 1933 - ) is a Dutch nobel prize winning atmospheric chemist. ... Mario Molina (left) with Luis E. Miramontes Mario JosÃ© Molina HenrÃquez (born March 19, 1943) was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in elucidating the threat to the Earths ozone layer of chlorofluorocarbon gases (or CFCs). ... Frank Sherwood Rowland (born June 28, 1927) is a Nobel laureate and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. ... Robert Floyd Curl, Jr. ... Richard Errett Smalley Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 â€“ October 28, 2005) was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. ... Paul Delos Boyer (born July 31, 1918) is an American biochemist. ... John Ernest Walker (born January 7, 1941) is an English chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997. ... Jens Christian Skou (born October 8, 1918) is a Danish chemist and Nobel laureate. ... A banner on a light pole in the University of California, Santa Barbara, commemorating that Walter Kohn won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998. ... Sir John Anthony Pople, FRS, (October 31, 1925 â€“ March 15, 2004) was a theoretical chemist. ... Ahmed Hassan Zewail (Arabic: Ø£ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø²ÙˆÙŠÙ„) (born February 26, 1946 in Damanhur, Egypt) is an Egyptian chemist, and the winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. ... Alan Jay Heeger (born 22 January 1936 in Sioux City, Iowa) is a United States chemistry and physics academic and Nobel Prize winner. ... Alan Graham MacDiarmid ONZ, (born April 24, 1927) is a chemist. ... Professor Hideki Shirakawa ç™½å· è‹±æ¨¹ Shirakawa Hideki, born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist and winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of conductive polymers together with Alan J. Heeger and Alan G MacDiarmid. ... William S. Knowles (born June 1, 1917) is a American chemist. ... Ryoji Noyori (é‡Žä¾è‰¯æ²») (born September 3, 1938) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. ... Karl Barry Sharpless (born April 28, 1941) is an American chemist renowned for his work on organometallic chemistry. ... Dr. John B. Fenn (born June 15, 1917) is a research professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. ... Koichi Tanaka (ç”°ä¸ è€•ä¸€, born August 3, 1959) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules. ... Kurt WÃ¼thrich (born October 4, 1938) is a Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate. ... Peter Agre (born January 30, 1949) is an American biologist who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. ... Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956 in Burlington, Massachusetts) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who in 2003 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels. ... Aaron Ciechanover (××”×¨×•×Ÿ ×¦×—× ×•×‘×¨) (born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist. ... Avram Hershko (born December 31, 1937) is an Israeli biologist. ... Irwin A. Rose (born 16 July 1926 in NY) is an American biologist. ... Robert H. Grubbs Robert H. Grubbs (b. ... Richard Royce Schrock (born January 4, 1945) was one of the recipients of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contribution to the metathesis method in organic chemistry. ... Yves Chauvin (born October 10, 1930) is a French chemist and Nobel Prize winner. ... Roger D. Kornberg two days after his Nobel Prize was declared, at the felicitation at Stanford University held at Fairchild audotorium, in the same building complex where he works. ...

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