Harran, also known as Carrhae, is a district of Şanlıurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey, near the border with Syria, 24 miles (44 kilometres) southeast of the city of Şanlıurfa, at the end of a long straight road across the roasting hot plain of Harran. Shows the Location of the Province Åžanlıurfa Åžanlıurfa (also called simply, Urfa) is a province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. ... The mosque built on the site where, according to Muslim tradition, the Prophet Abraham was born. ...

Traditional mud brick "beehive" houses in the village of Harran, Turkey, photographed by Andy Carvin in September 1999.

Harran is an archaeological site of great value as the ancient city was the centre of a considerable commerce, trading with Tyre (Ezekiel 27:23), and one of its specialities was the odoriferous gum derived from the stobrum tree (Pliny, N.H. xii. 40). Image File history File links Harran-beehouses. ... Image File history File links Harran-beehouses. ... The Triumphal Arch Tyre (Arabic , Phoenician , Hebrew Tzor, Tiberian Hebrew , Akkadian , Greek Týros) is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. ... Ezekiel redirects here. ... Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19c portrait. ...

Ancient Harran

The legends surrounding Harran go back to the beginning of man; it is said that Adam and Eve set foot here when they were expelled from the Garden of Eden.

Historical Harran is very, very ancient too. This was a centre of Mesopotamian culture which in its prime controlled the point where the road from Damascus joins the highway between Nineveh and Carchemish. This location gave Harran strategic value from an early date. It is frequently mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions as early as the time of Tiglath-Pileser I, about 1100 BC, under the name Harranu, or "Road" (Akkadian harrānu, "road, path, journey"). After the Shupiluliuma-Shattiwazza treaty, Harran was burned by a Hittite army under Piyashshili in the course of the conquest of Hanilgalbat. Damascus at sunset Damascus ( translit: Also commonly: الشام ash-Shām) is the largest city of Syria and is also the capital. ... , For other uses, see Nineveh (disambiguation). ... Carchemish (pr. ... Relief from Assyrian capital of Dur Sharrukin, showing transport of Lebanese cedar (8th century BC) In the earliest historical times, the term Assyria (Syriac:ܐܬܘܖ̈) referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur. ... Tiglath-Pileser I (the Hebraic form of Tukulti-apil-Esharra, my trust is in the son of Esharra) was King of Assyria (1115 BC - 1076 BC). ... (Redirected from 1100 BC) Centuries: 13th century BC - 12th century BC - 11th century BC Decades: 1150s BC 1140s BC 1130s BC 1120s BC 1110s BC - 1100s BC - 1090s BC 1080s BC 1070s BC 1060s BC 1050s BC Events and Trends 1100 BC - Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria conquers the Hittites... Akkadian language city of Akkad or Agad Akkadian Empire Sargon of Akkad the Amarna letters and Amarna Letters EA 296(Yahtiru) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Suppiluliuma I (also rendered as Shuppiluliuma) was king of the Hittites (1390 BC – 1354 BC). ... Shattiwaza, also spelled Å attiwaza, was a king of the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni in the fourteenth century BC. Shattiwaza was the son of king Tushratta. ... Hittite can refer to either: The ancient Anatolian people called the Hittites; or The Hittite language, an ancient Indo-European language they spoke. ... Piyashshili was a Hittite prince, and a son of King Suppiluliuma I. After Suppiluliuma I concluded a treaty with Shattiwazza, son of King Tushratta of Hanilgalbat, and married one of his daughters to him, Piyashshili led a Hittite army that put Shattiwazza on the throne of Hanilgalbat. ... Hanilgalbat (also spelled Hanigalbat, Khanigalbat) was a kingdom in northern Syria. ...

Harran in scriptures

The prophet Abraham passed through here. Harran ("Haran") is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the place where Terah halted after leaving Ur with his family, after Abraham angered king Nimrod or Ur: Harran is as described; a town on the stream Jullab, some nine hours' journey from Edessa (present-day Şanlıurfa). Genesis 27:43 makes Harran the home of Laban and connects it with Isaac and Jacob. But we cannot thus put Harran in Aram-Naharaim; the home of the Labanites is probably the similarly named Hauran. It has been suggested that Abraham (Hebrew Bible) be merged into this article or section. ... 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum This article discusses usage of the term Hebrew Bible. For the article on the Hebrew Bible itself, see Tanakh. ... Terah or Térach (תֶּרַח / תָּרַח Wanderer; loiterer, Standard Modern Hebrew Téraḥ / Táraḥ, Tiberian Hebrew Téraḥ / Tāraḥ) The person Terah was the father of Abraham mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. ... UR, Ur, or ur can refer to several things: The City of Ur Úr (letter) of the Ogham alphabet Ur (rune) ᚢ of the runic alphabets Royal Game of Ur Ur, the first known continent Ur- is a German prefix. ... In the Bible and in legend, Nimrod (Standard Hebrew נִמְרוֹד Nimrod, Tiberian Hebrew נִמְרֹד Nimrōḏ), son of Cush, son of Ham, son of Noah, was a Mesopotamian monarch and a mighty hunter before the Lord. He is mentioned in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10), in the First Book of Chronicles, and... UR, Ur, or ur can refer to several things: The City of Ur Úr (letter) of the Ogham alphabet Ur (rune) ᚢ of the runic alphabets Royal Game of Ur Ur, the first known continent Ur- is a German prefix. ... The heritage of Roman Edessa survives today in these columns at the site of Urfa Castle, dominating the skyline of the modern city of Åžanlı Urfa. ... Genesis (Hebrew: , Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah, the first book of the Tanakh and also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... Laban (Hebrew: לָבָן, Standard Tiberian  ; White) is the son of Bethuel, brother of Rebekah and the father of Leah and Rachel as described in the Book of Genesis. ... It has been suggested that Ishaq be merged into this article or section. ... Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... The Aramaeans, or Arameans, were a Semitic, seminomadic and pastoralist people who originated and had lived in upper Mesopotamia and Syria. ... The Hauran refers to the southern region of modern-day Syria. ...

Islamic tradition links Harran to Aran, the brother of Abraham.

Harran was the chief home of the Mesopotamian moon-god Sin, whose temple was rebuilt by several kings, among them Assur-bani-pal and Nabonidus, and Herodian (iv. 13, 7) mentions the town as possessing in his day a temple of the moon. Tradition has it that the wife of Sin lived here as priestess and that Abraham was part of a community that worshipped the moon-god here in Harran. Sin was the name of the lunar god in Babylonia and Assyria. ... Assurbanipal in a relief from the north palace at Nineveh There were several Assyrian kings named Assur-bani-pal, also spelled Asurbanipal, Assurbanipal (most commonly), Ashurbanipal and Ashshurbanipal, but the best known was Assurbanipal IV.  Ashurbanipal, or Assurbanipal, (reigned 668 - 627 BCE), the son of Esarhaddon and Naqia-Zakutu... Nabonidus (Akkadian Nabû-nāʾid) was the last King of Babylon, who ruled the Neo-Babylonian Empire from 556 BC to 539 BC. His reign was characterized by his lack of interest in the politics and religion of his kingdom, preferring instead to study the older temples and antiquities in... For the grammarian, see Aelius Herodianus. ...

During the reign of King Hezekiah, the city rebelled from the Assyrians, who reconquered the city (2 Kings 19:12; Isaiah, 37:12), and deprived it of many privileges, which king Sargon II later restored. Hezekiah (or Ezekias) (Hebrew: חזקיה or חזקיהו, God has strengthened) was the 13th king of indepedent Judah and the son of King Ahaz and Abijah (2 Chronicles 29:1), who was a daughter of a man (who was not the prophet) named Zechariah. ... Relief from Assyrian capital of Dur Sharrukin, showing transport of Lebanese cedar (8th century BC) In the earliest historical times, the term Assyria (Syriac:ܐܬܘܖ̈) referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur. ... The Books of Kings (Hebrew: Sefer Melachim ספר מלכים) is a part of Judaisms Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. ... The Book of Isaiah (Hebrew: Sefer Yshayah ספר ישעיה) is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament, believed to be written by Isaiah[1]. // The 66 chapters of Isaiah consist primarily of prophecies of the judgments awaiting nations that are persecuting Judah. ... Sargon II, captor of Samaria, with a dignitary Sargon II (ܣܪܓܘܢ in Syriac) (r. ...

Medes, Persians, Greeks and Romans

During the fall of the Assyrian Empire, Harran became the stronghold of its last king, Ashur-uballit II, being besieged and conquered by Nabopolassar of Babylon at 609 BC. Harran became part of Median Empire after the fall of Assyria, and subsequently passed to the Persian Achaemenid dynasty. The city remained Persian until in 331 BC when the soldiers of the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great entered the city. This article concerns the ancient Mesopotamian kingdom. ... Ashur-uballit II, or Assur-uballit II, was the last king of the Assyrian empire. ... Nabopolassar (Akkadian:Nabû-apal-usur) was the first king (626-605 BC) of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC Events and Trends Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC _ King Josiah... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The Persepolis Ruins The Achaemenid dynasty (Old Persian:Hakamanishiya, Persian: هخامنشیان) - was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ...

After the death of Alexander on 11 June 323 BC, the city was contested by his successors: Perdiccas, Antigonus Monophthalmus, and Eumenes visited the city, but eventually it became part of the realm of Seleucus I Nicator, the Seleucid empire, and capital of a province called Osrhoene (the Greek rendering of the old name Urhai). For a century-and-a-half, the town flourished, and it became independent when the Parthian dynasty of Persia occupied Babylonia. The Parthian and Seleucid kings were both happy with a buffer state, and the dynasty of the Arabian Abgarides, technically a vassal of the Parthian "king of kings", was to rule Osrhoene for centuries. June 11 is the 162nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (163rd in leap years), with 203 days remaining. ... On his way from Ecbatana to Babylon, Alexander the Great fights and crushes the Cossaeans. ... Perdiccas (d. ... Antigonus I Monophthalmos (the One-eyed) (382 BC - 301 BC) was a Macedonian nobleman, general, and governor under Alexander the Great. ... Eumenes of Cardia (c. ... Silver coin of Seleucus. ... The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic successor state of Alexander the Greats dominion. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Babylonia, named for its capital city, Babylon, was an ancient state in the south part of Mesopotamia (in modern Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Darius the Great, the first to bear the title Shahanshah. ...

This was the location of the Battle of Carrhae, where Crassus in his eastern expedition was attacked and captured by the Parthian general Surena in 53 BC. Combatants Roman Republic Parthia Commanders Marcus Licinius Crassus †, Publius Crassus † Surena Strength 35,000 Roman legionnaires 4,000 cavalry 4,000 light infantry 9,000 cavalry archers 1,000 Cataphract Casualties 20,000 dead 10,000 captured 4,000 wounded Minimal The Battle of Carrhae was a decisive battle fought... Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives (c. ... Metallic Parthian Statue, denoated to Surena, 1st C. BCE Eran Spahbod Rustaham Suren-Pahlav, son of Arakhsh (Arash, pers. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50...

Centuries later, the emperor Caracalla was murdered here at the instigation of Macrinus (217). The emperor Galerius was defeated by the Parthian successors, the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, nearby in 296 AD. The city remained under Persian control, until the fall of the Sassanids to Arabs in 651 AD. Caracalla (April 4, 186 – April 8, 217) was Roman Emperor from 211 – 217. ... Macrinus on an aureus. ... Events Macrinus becomes Roman Emperor on the death of Caracalla. ... Galerius Maximianus ( 250–5 May 311), formally Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311. ... The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Empire (Persian: ‎ Sasanian) is the name used for the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226 - 651). ... Events Galerius conquers Ctesiphon on the Persians; in the following peace settlement he returns it in exchange of Armenia Pope Marcellinus I succeeds Pope Caius Allectus, sucessor by assassination to Britain, is defeated by Constantius Chlorus and Britain is returned to the Roman Empire Births Deaths Pope Caius Categories: 296... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogeneous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Events End of Yazdegard IIIs attempts to drive out the Saracens. ...

Christianity and Sabianism

Harran was a centre of Christianity from early on, the first place where purpose-built churches were constructed openly. However although a bishop resided in the city, many people of Harran retained their ancient pagan faith during the Christian period and thus the Sabian culture was born here in Harran. // A brief history Sabian is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of cymbals. ...

Islamic Harran

At the beginning of the Islamic period Harran was located in the land of the Mudar tribe (Diyar Mudar), the western part of northern Mesopotamia (Jazira). Along with ar-Ruha' (Edessa, present day Urfa) and ar-Raqqah it was one of the main cities in the region. During the reign of the Umayyad caliph Marwan II Harran became the seat of the caliphal government of the Islamic empire stretching from Spain to Central Asia. Ar Raqqah (ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ; also spelled Rakka), city in north central Syria, capital of the Raqqah province, located on the north bank of the Euphrates River, about 160 km east of Aleppo. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... The Califate in 750 From The Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1923 Courtesy of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II (750-688) (Arabic: مروان ابن محمد ابن مروان) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed. ...

It was allegedly the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun passing through Harran on his way to a campaign against Byzantium who forced the Harranians to convert to either one of the 'religions of the book', meaning Judaism, Christianity or Islam. The people of Harran identified themselves with the Sabians in order to fall under the protection of Islam. Sabians were mentioned in the Quran but those were a group of Gnostic Mandaeans living in southern Iraq, but extinct at the time of al-Ma'mun. The Harranian Sabians and the ones mentioned in the Quran have nothing in common. Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... Abu Jafar al-Mamun ibn Harun (also spelled Almanon and el-Mâmoûn) (786 – October 10, 833) (المأمون) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Mandaeanism is a pre-Christian religion which has been classified by scholars as Gnostic. ...

Islam's first university

During the late 8th and 9th century Harran was a centre for translating works of astronomy, philosophy, natural sciences and medicine from Greek to Arabic, bringing the knowledge of the classical world to the emerging Arabic speaking civilization. Baghdad came to this work later than Harran. Many important scholars of natural science, astronomy and medicine originate from Harran, including possibly the alchemist Geber. ^[1] Baghdad ( translit: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... 15th-century European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (Arabic: جابر ابن حیان) (ca. ...

The end of the Sabians

In 1032 or 1033 the temple of the Sabians was destroyed and the urban community extinguished by an uprising of the rural starving 'Alid-Shiite population with impoverished urban Muslim militias. In 1059-60 the temple was rebuilt into a fortified residence of the Numayrids, an Arab tribe assuming power in the Diyar Mudar (western Jazira) during the 11th century. The Zangid ruler Nur al-Din Mahmud transformed the residence into a strong fortress. Al-Jazira (Arabic, الجزيرة) is the traditional Arabic name for the region of northeastern modern-day Syria and northwestern modern-day Iraq. ... Imad ad-Din Zengi (also Zangi or Zengui) (1087-1146) was the son of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, governor of Aleppo under Malik Shah I. He became atabeg of Mosul in 1127, and of Aleppo in 1128, uniting the two cities under his personal rule, and was the founder of... al-Malik al-Adil Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi (February 1118 – May 15, 1174), also known as Nur ed-Din, Nur al-Din, etc. ...

The Crusades

During the Crusades, on May 7, 1104 a decisive battle was fought in the Balikh valley, commonly known as the Battle of Harran. However, according to Matthew of Edessa the actual location of the battle lies two days away from Harran. Albert of Aachen and Fulcher of Chartres locate the battle ground in the plain opposite to the city of ar-Raqqah. During the battle, Baldwin of Bourcq, count of Edessa, was captured by Seljuq troops. After his release Baldwin became king of Jerusalem. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns conducted in the name of Christendom[1] and usually sanctioned by the Pope. ... Events September 3 - St. ... Combatants Principality of Antioch County of Edessa Seljuk Turks Commanders Baldwin I of le Bourg, count of Edessa Bohemond I of Antioch Tancred Joscelin of Courtenay Jikirmish of Mosul Sukman ibn Artuq of Mardin Strength Unknown Sukman 7. ... Matthew of Edessa was an Armenian historian of the 12th century born in the city of Edessa. ... Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle (floruit circa AD 1100), historian of the first crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon and custos of the church of Aix-la-Chapelle. ... Fulcher of Chartres (born around 1059 in or near Chartres) was a chronicler of the First Crusade. ... Ar Raqqah (ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ; also spelled Rakka), city in north central Syria, capital of the Raqqah province, located on the north bank of the Euphrates River, about 160 km east of Aleppo. ... Baldwin of Bourcq was the cousin of Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Boulogne. ...

At the end of 12th century Harran served together with ar-Raqqah as residence of Ayyubid princes. The Ayyubid ruler of the Jazira, al-'Adil Abu Bakr, again strengthened the fortifications of the castle. In the 1260s the city was completely destroyed and abandoned during the Mongol wars. The father of the famous Hanbalite scholar Ibn Taymiyah was a refugee from Harran, settling in Damascus. The 13th century Arab historian Abulfeda describes the city in ruins. Abu-Bakr Malik Al-Adil I (also known as Saphadin) (1145-1218) was an Ayyubid-Egyptian general and ruler. ... Abu al-Abbas Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Abd al-Salaam ibn Abdullah ibn Taymiya al-Harrani, was a jurist, reformer, preacher, scholar, exegete of Islam. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogeneous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Abulfeda (or Abud-Fida IsmaIl ibnAh,Imad-ud-Dni) (November 1273 - October 26, 1331) was an Arab historian and geographer. ...

Ruins of the Ulu Cami (congregational mosque) at Harran. It was one of the main Ayyubid buildings of the city, build in the so called "classical revival" style

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (887x590, 171 KB) Ruins of the Ulu Cami at Harran, South Eastern Turkey (C) Gerry Lynch, 2003. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (887x590, 171 KB) Ruins of the Ulu Cami at Harran, South Eastern Turkey (C) Gerry Lynch, 2003. ...

Modern Harran

Harran is famous for its traditional 'beehive' adobe houses, constructed entirely without wood. The design of these makes them cool inside (essential in this part of the world) and is thought to have been unchanged for at least 3,000 years. Some were still in use as dwellings until the 1980s. However, those remaining today are strictly tourist exhibits, while most of Harran's population lives in a newly built small village about 2 kilometres away from the main site. The 1980s refers to the years of 1980 to 1989. ...

At the historical site the ruins of the city walls and fortifications are still in place, with one city gate standing, along with some other structures. Excavations of a nearby 4th century BC burial mound continue under archaeologist Dr Nurettin Yardımcı.

The new village is poor and life is hard in the hot weather on this plain. The people here are ethnic Arabs and live by long-established traditions. It is believed that these ethnic Arabs were settled here during the 18th century by the Ottoman empire. Typically families consist of 10-15 children, who will gather round visitors to sell brochures about the site or bunches of herbs (or to beg for small gifts like hair-bands or lipstick). They will also trail you round the site acting as 'guides'. The women of the village are tattooed and dressed in traditional Bedouin cloths. The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ...

by the late 1980s the large plain of Harran had fallen into disuse as the streams of Cüllab and Deysan, its original water-supply had dried up. But the plain is irrigated by the recent Southeastern Anatolia Project and is becoming green again. Cotton and rice can now be grown. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Politics

For many years the area was represented in parliament by Necmettin Cevheri born to a large Urfa clan and like the similar (but disgraced) Sedat Bucak an established figure of Suleyman Demirel's DYP. Since the DYP collapsed at the end of the 90s the Cevheri family are supporting the conservative Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi now in government. Süleyman Demirel with French president Jacques Chirac Süleyman Demirel (born November 1, 1924) is a Turkish politician who served as prime minister five times and was the 9th President of Turkey. ... The True Path Party (Turkish: Dogru Yol Partisi or DYP) is a right-wing, secularist conservative Turkish political party, established by Suleyman Demirel in 1983. ... The Justice and Development Party: (Turkish: Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi or AKP, or AK Parti; the former of the two abbreviations is the official one, while the latter is mostly preferred by its supporters; since the word ak in Turkish means white, clean, or unblemished and therefore gives a...

References

1. ^ http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Geber

• Chwolsohn, Daniil Abramovic, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus, 2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1856. [Still a valuable reference and collection of sources]
• Green, Tamara, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran. Leiden, 1992.
• Heidemann, Stefan, Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: Städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Harran von der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken (Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts 40). Leiden, 2002 .
• Rice, David Storm, "Medieval Harran. Studies on Its Topography and Monuments I", Anatolian Studies 2, 1952, pp. 36-84.

External links

• Pictures of the city
• More pictures
• Harran Guide and Photo Album

	Districts of Şanlıurfa
Şanlıurfa | Akçakale | Birecik | Bozova | Ceylanpınar | Halfeti | Harran | Hilvan | Siverek | Suruç | Viranşehir Image File history File links Sanliurfa_Turkey_Provinces_locator. ... Shows the Location of the Province Åžanlıurfa Åžanlıurfa (also called simply, Urfa) is a province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... The mosque built on the site where, according to Muslim tradition, the Prophet Abraham was born. ... Akçakale is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... Birecik, a town of North-West Mesopotamia, in the Aleppo valley, altitude 1170 ft. ... Bozova is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... Ceylanpınar is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... Halfeti is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... Hilvan is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... Siverek is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... Suruç is a district of Åžanlıurfa Province of Turkey. ... ViranÅŸehir is a town in Åžanlıurfa Province, in southeastern Turkey. ...