NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hawker Hunter

Hawker Hunter

Two-seat training variant of the Hunter
Type	Fighter and ground attack
Manufacturer	Hawker Siddeley
Designed by	Sidney Camm
Maiden flight	21 July 1951 (Prototype) 16 May 1953 (Production)
Introduced	1956
Retired	1980s
Primary users	Royal Air Force Fleet Air Arm
Number built	1,972

The Hawker Hunter was a British jet fighter aircraft of the 1950s and 1960s. The Hunter served for many years with the Royal Air Force and was widely exported, serving with 19 air forces. A total of 1,972 Hunters were produced by Hawker Siddeley and under licence. A privately-owned Hawker Hunter, photographed at the Classic-Jet Air Show, Kemble, England, in June 2003. ... Close air support (often abbreviated CAS) is the use of military aircraft in a ground attack role against targets in close proximity to friendly troops, in support of ground combat operations. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Hawker-Ciggerley was a group of UK aircraft manufacturing companies formed as a result of the merger of Hawker Aircraft with Armstrong Siddeley. ... Sir Sydney Camm Sir Sydney Camm, FRAeS (1893â€“March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1951: Events February February 21 - an English Electric Canberra becomes the first jet to make an unrefuelled crossing of the Atlantic, taking 4 hours 37 minutes March March 6 - the Martin aircraft company gains production rights to the English Electric Canberra... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1953: Events The first year in which the worlds airlines carried more than 50 million people (ICAO statement, 29 December) January January 26 - The first meeting of the Experimental Aircraft Association takes place at Milwaukee, Wisconsins Curtis-Wright Field. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the Royal Navy responsible for the operation of the aircraft on board their ships. ... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Hawker-Ciggerley was a group of UK aircraft manufacturing companies formed as a result of the merger of Hawker Aircraft with Armstrong Siddeley. ...

Design and development

Sixteen Hunters of the RAF Black Arrows perform aerobatics at the Farnborough Air Show, England.

A privately owned Hawker Hunter F.58A in England

The origins of the Hunter trace back to the Hawker Sea Hawk straight-wing carrier-based fighter. Seeking better performance and fulfilment of the Air Ministry Specification E.38/46, Hawker Aircraft's chief designer Sidney Camm created the Hawker P.1052, which was essentially a Sea Hawk with a 35-degree swept wing. First flying in 1948, the P.1052 demonstrated good performance but did not warrant further development into a production aircraft. As a private venture, Hawker converted the second P.1052 prototype into the Hawker P.1081 with swept tailplanes and revised fuselage, with a single jet exhaust at the rear. First flying on 19 June 1950, the P.1081 was promising enough to draw interest from the Royal Australian Air Force but development went no further and the sole prototype was lost in a crash in 1951. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (814x1132, 359 KB) Sixteen Hunters of the Black Arrows perform aerobatics at the Farnborough Air Show, England. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (814x1132, 359 KB) Sixteen Hunters of the Black Arrows perform aerobatics at the Farnborough Air Show, England. ... The Black Arrows, forerunners of the Red Arrows, were an aerobatic demonstration team formed in 1917. ... Farnborough 2006 Farnborough 2006 The Red Arrows in formation at Farnborough The Airbus A380, at Farnborough The Farnborough International Airshow is a seven-day international trade fair for the aerospace business which is held biannually in England. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1122, 498 KB) A privately-owned Hawker Hunter F.58 (G-PSST, â€œMiss Demeanourâ€) powered by one Rolls Royce Avon Mk 207, at Kemble airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1122, 498 KB) A privately-owned Hawker Hunter F.58 (G-PSST, â€œMiss Demeanourâ€) powered by one Rolls Royce Avon Mk 207, at Kemble airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, England. ... The Hawker Sea Hawk was a single-seat jet fighter of the Fleet Air Arm (FAA), the air branch of the Royal Navy (RN), built by the Hawker company. ... The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the United Kingdom Government, established in 1918 with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the (then newly formed) Royal Air Force. ... This is a partial list of the British Air Ministry specifications for aircraft. ... Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history. ... Sir Sydney Camm Sir Sydney Camm, FRAeS (1893â€“March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters. ... Hawker P.1052 The Hawker P.1052 was similar to the Hawker P.1040 (Hawker Sea Hawk) in most aspects, with the main difference being the wings were swept back at an angle of 35 degrees. ... The swept wing of an airliner: British Midland Airbus A320-200 A swept-wing is a wing planform used on high-speed aircraft that spend a considerable portion of their flight time in the transonic. ... The Hawker P.1081, known as the Australian Fighter was a British jet aircraft from the mid-twentieth century. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ...

Meanwhile, in 1946, the Air Ministry issued Specification F.43/46 for a daytime jet-powered interceptor. Camm took the basic P.1052 design and adopted it for the upcoming Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet. The Avon's major advantage over the Rolls-Royce Nene, used in the Sea Hawk, was the axial compressor, which resulted in a much smaller engine diameter and better thrust. In March 1948, the Air Ministry issued Specification F.3/48, to cover development of the project. Initially fitted with a single air intake in the nose and a T-tail, the project rapidly evolved to the more familiar shape. The intakes were moved to the wing roots, to make room for weapons and radar in the nose. A more conventional tail arrangement was devised, as a result of stability concerns. The project number should have been the P.1066, but as it would have undoubtedly been called the "Hawker Hastings" and Handley-Page already had an aircraft with this name, Sidney Camm decided to retire the 1066 project number without it ever being used. The Air Ministry was formerly a department of the United Kingdom Government, established in 1918 with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the (then newly formed) Royal Air Force. ... The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... The Nene or RB.41, was Rolls-Royces third jet engine to enter production, designed and built in an astonishingly short five month period in 1944, first running on October 27th, 1944. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Normans supported by: Bretons (one third of total), Aquitanians, Flemings Anglo-Saxons Commanders William of Normandy, Odo of Bayeux Harold Godwinson â€ Strength 7,000-8,000 7,000-8,000 Casualties Unknown, thought to be around 2,000 killed and wounded Unknown, but significantly higher than the Normans The... The Handley Page Aircraft Company was founded by Frederick Handley Page in 1909. ... The Handley Page HP 67 Hastings was a troop-carrier and freight transport of the Royal Air Force. ... Sir Sydney Camm Sir Sydney Camm, FRAeS (1893â€“March 12, 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters. ...

The P.1067 first flew from MoD Boscombe Down on 20 July 1951, powered by a 6,500 lbf (28.91 kN) Avon 103 engine from an English Electric Canberra bomber. The second prototype was fitted with production avionics, armament and a 7,550 lbf (33.58 kN) Avon 107 turbojet. It first flew on 5 May 1952. As a back-up, Hawker was asked to adapt the new fighter to another British axial turbojet. The third prototype with an 8,000 lbf (35.59 kN) Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire 101 flew on 30 November 1952. The two Avon-engined aircraft were duck-egg green in color, while the Sapphire prototype was speed silver. MoD Boscombe Down is an aircraft testing site located south of Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. ... -1... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Sapphire was a jet engine produced by Armstrong Siddeley in the 1950s. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Ministry of Supply ordered the Hunter into production in March 1950, a year before the first flight. The first production Hunter F 1 with a 7,600 lbf (33.80 kN) Avon 113 turbojet flew on 16 March 1953. The first 20 aircraft were in effect a pre-production series and featured a number of "one-off" modifications, such as blown flaps and area ruled fuselage. On 7 September 1953, a Hawker Hunter F 3 flown by Neville Duke broke the world air speed record, achieving 727.63 mph over Littlehampton [2]. However, the record stood for less than three weeks before being broken by an RAF Supermarine Swift on 25 September 1953. The Ministry of Supply (MoS) was a department of the UK Government formed in 1939 to co-ordinate the supplying of equipment to the British armed forces, headed by the Minister of Supply. ... (Redirected from 16 March) March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in Leap years). ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Blown flaps are a powered aerodynamic high-lift device on the wings of certain aircraft to improve the low-speed lift during takeoff and landing. ... Junkers patent drawing from March 1944. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Test Pilot - Neville Dukes autobiography Squadron Leader Neville Duke (January 11, 1922 - April 7, 2007), AFC, DFC and two Bars, DSO, OBE was a World War II fighter pilot. ... Determining the fastest aircraft in the world is difficult, because of the wide variety of designs. ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... Littlehampton is a town and civil parish in the Arun district of West Sussex on the south coast of England. ... The Supermarine Swift was a single-seat fighter-jet of the Royal Air Force (RAF), built by Supermarine. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Description

The Hunter was a conventional all-metal monoplane. The pilot sat on a Martin-Baker 2H or 3H ejector seat. The two seat trainer version used the Mk.4H ejection seats. The fuselage was of monocoque construction, with a removable rear section for engine maintenance. The engine was fed through triangular air intakes in the wing roots and had a single jetpipe in the rear of the fuselage. The mid-mounted wings had a leading edge sweep of 35 degrees and slight anhedral. The tailplanes and fin were also swept. The controls were completely conventional. A single airbrake was fitted under the ventral rear fuselage. The aircraft had conventional retractable tricycle landing gear. A noteworthy feature of the single seat fighter version was the armament of four 30 mm ADEN cannon. The cannon and ammunition boxes were contained in a single pack that could be removed from the aircraft for rapid re-arming and maintenance. Interestingly, the barrels of the cannon remained in the aircraft when the pack was removed. In the two seat version, either a single ADEN Cannon was carried or, in some export versions, two ADEN Cannons, with a removable ammunition tank. A simple Ekco ranging radar was fitted in the nose. Later Marks (Mk's) of Hunter had SNEB Pods fitted. These were 68 mm rockets in 18-round Matra pods, giving a strike capability against road convoys and trains. Martin-Baker Aircraft is a manufacturer of aircraft seats and is the oldest existing maker of ejector seats. ... US Air Force F-15 Eagle ejection seat test using a mannequin. ... Monocoque (French for single shell) is a construction technique that uses the external skin of an object to support some or most of the load on the structure. ... In geometry, the dihedral is the angle between two planes. ... The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN is a 30mm cannon used on many military aircraft, particularly those of the British RAF and FAA. Development The ADEN (named for the Armament Development Establishment, where it was designed, and Enfield, where it is produced) was developed in the late 1940s as a...

Operational history

Hawker Hunter at Luftwaffe Museum - Gatow-Berlin

The Hunter F 1 entered service with the Royal Air Force in July 1954. It quickly became apparent that the new fighter had insufficient fuel capacity. In addition, incorrectly-designed air intakes produced disruptions in air flow to the engine, with resultant compressor stalls. The engine problems were compounded by ingestion of gas when the cannon were fired, which resulted in flameouts. The potential solutions of cutting fuel to the engine when the cannon fired and restricting the use of cannon to low speeds and altitudes were obviously unsatisfactory. Furthermore, ejected cannon ammunition links had a tendency to strike and damage the underside of the fuselage. The original split flap airbrakes caused adverse changes in pitch trim and were quickly replaced by a single ventral airbrake. Unfortunately, this meant the airbrake could not be used for landings. Finally, the canopy suffered from fogging and icing during rapid descents. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 505 pixelsFull resolution (1024 Ã— 646 pixel, file size: 83 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 505 pixelsFull resolution (1024 Ã— 646 pixel, file size: 83 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... A compressor stall is a situation of abnormal airflow through the compressor stage of a jet engine, causing a stall of the vanes of the compressor rotor. ... A compressor stall is either of two failure modes of an axial flow jet engine caused by a stall of the vanes of the compressor rotor. ...

Its short range was crippling for the new British fighter, with a maximum flight endurance of about an hour. On 8 February 1956, a flight of eight Hunters was redirected to another airfield due to inclement weather. Six aircraft ran out of fuel and crashed, with one pilot killed. One of the aircraft that landed ran out of fuel while taxiing.^[1] On the positive side, the aircraft possessed good handling characteristics and even the early F 1 version would exceed sonic speed in a 30°-40° dive at full throttle from 40,000 feet and above with comparatively minor trim changes. is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Neil Williams, former British test pilot and once vice-world aerobatics champion (who was killed in an accident with a Spanish Heinkel), relates in his book how his repeated attempts to break the sound barrier all failed, even after diving the aircraft in full throttle and "full vertical" from over 35,000 feet but clearly this did not apply to production models.

The first Hunter prototype was fitted with an afterburning Avon RA.7R with 9,600 lbf (42.70 kN) of thrust and other aerodynamic refinements (most noticeably a pointed nose). Dubbed Hunter F 3, on 7 September 1953 it set a speed record of 628.1 knots (722.2 mph, 1,163.2 km/h) over a 1.62 nautical mile (1.86 mile, 3 kilometre) course. For other uses of afterburner, see Afterburner (disambiguation). ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

To address the problem of range, a production Hunter F 1 was fitted with a new wing which featured fuel bladders in the leading edge and "wet" hardpoints. This increased the internal fuel capacity from 337 to 414 imperial gallons (404 to 497 US gal, 1533 to 1833 L). In addition, a single 100 imperial gallon (120 US gal, 454 L) external fuel tank could be carried under each wing.^[1] The resulting Hunter F 4 first flew on 20 October 1954, entering service in March 1955. A distinctive Hunter feature added on the F 4 was the pair of blisters under the nose, which collected spent ammunition links to prevent airframe damage. Crews dubbed them "Sabrinas" after the contemporary movie star. A Sapphire-powered version of the F 4 was designated Hunter F 5. Although the Sapphire did not suffer from the flameout problems of the Avon and had better fuel economy, the RAF elected to persevere with the Avon in order to simplify supply and maintenance, since the same engine was also used by the Canberra bomber. Imperial Measure was a former system of measurement used in some Commonwealth nations, most notably the United Kingdom and Canada. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sabrina (born 19 May 1933) was a 1950s English glamour model who progressed to a minor movie career, her main claim to fame was her large bust. ... The Sapphire was a jet engine produced by Armstrong Siddeley in the 1950s. ... The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s. ...

To deal with surging and flameout problems, Rolls-Royce fitted the Avon with a new automatic fuel system and redesigned compressor. The resulting Avon 203, producing 10,000 lbf (44.48 kN) of thrust, was fitted to Hawker P.1099, which became the definitive Hunter F 6. The other crucial revision on the F 6 was the new "Mod 228" wing, which had a larger area, a distinctive "dogtooth" leading edge notch to alleviate the pitch-up problem, and four "wet" hardpoints, finally giving the aircraft a good ferry range. In aerodynamics, pitch-up is a severe form of stall. ...

The Hunter F 6 was retired from its fighter role in the RAF in 1963, being replaced by the English Electric Lightning. The ground attack variants served until 1970. Some aircraft remained in use for training and secondary roles up to the early 1990s. The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The English Electric Lightning (later the BAC Lightning) was a supersonic fighter aircraft of the Cold War era, particularly remembered for its great speed and natural metal exterior. ...

Combat history

Middle East

During Suez Crisis of 1956, Hunters of No.1 and No.34 Squadrons based at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus flew escort for Canberra bombers on bombing missions into Egypt for just one day before being put on local air defence due to their lack of range. A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Hakim Amer Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA 2...

In 1967 during the Six-Day War, Hunters of the Iraqi air force gave a good account of themselves. Some missions flown by Jordanian pilots. Most of the Jordanian Hunters were destroyed on the ground on the first day of the war. A total of 16 were lost in air-to-air battles. Iraqi Hunters flew from Egypt and Syria also but many were lost in combat. Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ...

Aden

In Aden in May 1964 Hunter FGA9s and FR10s of 43 and 8 Squadrons Royal Air Force were used extensively to good effect during the Radfan campaign against insurgents attempting to overthrow the Federation of South Arabia, using predominantly 3 inch high explosive rockets and 30mm Aden cannon. Both squadrons continued operations with their Hunters until the UK withdrew from Aden in November 1967. Port of Aden (around 1910). ...

Brunei Revolt and Borneo Confrontation

During the Brunei Revolt in 1962, the Royal Air Force deployed Hunters over Brunei to provide support for British ground forces. In one event, several Bruneian and Expatriate hostages were under threat of execution, however several Hunters overflew the rebel compound which prevented any executions from taking place. In the following Borneo Confrontation, Hunters were deployed along with other RAF aircraft in Borneo and Malaya. Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Malaya Brunei Parti Rakyat Brunei Indonesia Commanders General Sir Nigel Poett Yassin Affandi Strength ? ? Casualties ? ? The Brunei Revolt broke out on December 8, 1962 and was led by Yassin Affandi and his armed rebels. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962-1966. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Kalimantan. ... Map of Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia (Malay: Semenanjung Malaysia) is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula, and shares a land border with Thailand in the north. ...

Chile

Hunters played an important role in the military coup that overthrew the socialist president of Chile, Salvador Allende, on 11 September 1973. Hunters of Squadron No 7 of the Chilean Air Forces bombarded the presidential palace, Allende's house in Santiago, and radio stations loyal to the government. Salvador Allende Gossens[1] (July 26, 1908 â€“ September 11, 1973) was President of Chile from November 1970 until his suicide during the coup dÃ©tat of September 11, 1973. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ...

Somalia

The regime of Siad Barre used Hunters for indiscriminate bombings during the civil war in Somalia in the late 1980s. Mohamed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Barre) (1919 â€“ January 2, 1995) was the Head of State of Somalia from 1969 to 1991. ...

Rhodesia

The Rhodesians (now Zimbabwe) used their Hunter FGA 9s extensively against ZANU/ZAPU insurgents in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, including cross-border strikes. Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwes, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU. It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomos ZAPU to form Zanu... The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union was a political party in Zimbabwe. ...

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe used its Hunters to support Laurent Kabila during the Second Congo War and they were supposedly also involved in the fighting in Mozambique. Note: if you came to this web page after seeing it in a SPAM email, please be advised that (a) we have nothing to do with that spam and (b) the person who sent you the message is a criminal who is trying to steal your money. ... Combatants Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Chad, Mai-Mai, Hutu-aligned forces Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Movement for the Liberation of Congo Congolese Rally for Democracy Tutsi-aligned forces Commanders Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabila (Congo), Joseph Kabila (Congo), Sam Nujoma Robert Mugabe JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Idriss D...

Lebanon

The Lebanese Air Force operated Hawker Hunters from 1958. One was shot down on the first day of the Six-Day War by the Israeli Air Force. They were used infrequently during the Lebanese Civil War, flying their last sorties in a period from 1 September to 15 September 1983. Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... The Israeli Air Force (IAF; Hebrew: ×–×¨×•×¢ ×”××•×™×¨ ×•×”×—×œ×œ, Zroa HaAvir VeHaá¸¤alal, Air and Space Division, commonly known as ×—×™×œ ×”××•×•×™×¨ Hel HaAvir) is the air force of the Israel Defense Forces. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat The Lebanese Civil War (1975â€“1990) was a multifaceted civil war whose antecedents trace back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman Empire. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...

On 20 August 2007, reports indicated that the Lebanese Army may restart using them. ^{[citation needed]} is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Indo-Pakistan Wars

1965

During the Indo-Pakistan war, Hunters attacked Pakistani armoured units, destroying many Patton tanks. The aircraft proved invaluable in a ground attack role, destroying several tanks in the famous Battle of Asal Uttar. It also shot down as many as six F-86 Sabres and other aircraft for the loss of eight Hunters. The reason for the unimpressive results in the air-to-air combat is attributed to the fact that the Hunters were bomb-laden and operating at extreme ranges. To add to the problems, the Indian Air Force (IAF) did not field any air-to-air guided missiles at that time. By comparison the Sabres did carry air-to-air missiles. Another handicap for the IAF was that in comparison the PAF, most of the Indian pilots were newer recruits. Further all IAF fighter pilots relied on the use of unguided rockets, cannons or gunpacks.[3] M46, M47, M48 and M60 Patton were the U.S armys principal main battle tanks of the Cold War, with models in service from the late 1940s to the 1990s. ... Combatants Pakistan India Commanders Maj. ... The North American F-86 Sabre (sometimes called the Sabrejet) was a transonic combat aircraft developed for the US Air Force. ... The Indian Air Force (à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤à¥€à¤¯ à¤µà¤¾à¤¯à¥ à¤¸à¥‡à¤¨à¤¾ : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ...

1971

Four Hunters of the IAF destroyed dozens of Pakistani T-59 and Sherman tanks in the Battle of Longewala. The Hunters destroyed nearly 100 different vehicles belonging to the Pakistan Army in the same battle. The Chinese Type 59 Main Battle Tank is a copy of the ubiquitous Russian T-55/54 medium tank. ... General characteristics Length: 5. ... Combatants Indian Army and later Indian Air Force Pakistan Army Commanders Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri Brigadier Tariq Mir Strength 120 troops 2 Recoilless Guns 2000+ troops 65 Tanks 5 Field guns 3 Anti-aircraft guns 138 Military vehicles Casualties 2 men, 1 jeep mounted recoiless gun 200 soldiers. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú© ÙÙˆØ¬) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ...

Hunters were also involved in strategic bombing, attacking oil installations at Karachi on 4 December 1971, and the Mangla Dam the next day, crippling its Hydel power project. A week later, four Hunters from Jaisalmer carried out rocket attacks on the Sui gas plant in Northern Sindh, setting the plant on fire. In East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh), Hunters along with Canberras, MiGs and An-12s attacked the Joydebpur Ordnance factory and severely damaged it. The Hunters also engaged Pakistan Air Force aircraft in the skies over Dhaka destroying seven F-86 Sabres. [4][5] Aided by other aircraft of the IAF, the Hunters soon destroyed the eastern wing of PAF and were instrumental in gaining air superiority for the IAF in the 71 war. The city heart of Rotterdam after being terror bombed by Germany in 1940, the ruin of the (now restored) Laurens Kerk is the only building that reminds people of Rotterdams medieval architecture. ... (Urdu: , Sindhi: ) is the capital of the province of Sindh, and the largest city in Pakistan. ... December 4th redirects here. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... A view of the Mangla Dam The Mangla Dam (Urdu: Ù…Ù†Ú¯Ù„Ø§ Ø¨Ù†Ø¯) in Pakistan is the twelfth largest dam in the world[1]. It was built in 1967. ... Hydroelectricity is the worlds leading renewable energy source. ... , Jaisalmer (The Golden City) is a town in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... Binomial name Dictamnus albus L. Dictamnus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, with a single species, Dictamnus albus. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: Ø³Ù†ÚŒ, UrdÅ«: Ø³Ù†Ø¯Ú¾) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Antonov An-12 landing The Antonov An-12 (NATO reporting name: Cub) is a four-engined turboprop transport aircraft. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Branches of Service Pakistan Army Pakistan Air Force Pakistan Navy Pakistan Coast Guard Pakistan Paramilitary Forces Pakistan Strategic Nuclear Command Leadership Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff General Ehsan ul Haq Chief of Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Ahmed Chief of Naval... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bengali: á¸ŒhÄkÄ; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ... The North American F-86 Sabre (sometimes called the Sabrejet) was a transonic combat aircraft developed for the US Air Force. ... Air superiority is the dominance in the air power of one side air forces of another side during a military campaign. ... Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ...

Service in Switzerland and Singapore

Perhaps the most enthusiastic Hunter users were Switzerland and Singapore, who used it from 1958 to 1994, both improving it in service and often choosing to retain it in lieu of newer aircraft.

Patrouille Suisse

The Swiss AF for some years ran a display team using Hawker Hunter Mk 58s which performed internationally. The aerobatic demonstration team of Swiss Air Force is the Patrouille Suisse, which now flies six Northrop F-5E Tiger II jets. Quite a number of the Hunters in private hands are ex-Swiss AF. Several get together to re-enact those earlier displays. Patrouille Suisse is the aerobatic demonstration team of the Swiss Air Force and the official national aerobatic team of Switzerland. ... The Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) It was established on July 31 1914 but did not become a separate service until 1936. ... Patrouille Suisse is the aerobatic demonstration team of the Swiss Air Force and the official national aerobatic team of Switzerland. ...

Service in Sweden

In the early 1950s, the Swedish Air Force saw the need for an interceptor that could reach enemy bombers at a higher altitude than the J 29 that formed the backbone of the fighter force. A contract for 120 Hawker Hunters was therefore signed in 1954 and the first one were delivered in August 1955. The model was designated J 34 and was assigned to the F 8 and F 18 wings that defended Stockholm. The J 34 was armed with four 30 mm cannons and two Sidewinders. The Swedish Air Force's aerobatic team Acro Hunters used five J 34s during the late 1950s. The J 34s were gradually replaced by supersonic J 35s and re-assigned to less prominent air wings, F 9 in Gothenburg and F 10 i Ängelholm, during the 1960s. The last ones were retired in 1969. Coat of arms of the Swedish Air Force. ... SAAB J 29 Tunnan (The Barrel) was a Swedish fighter aircraft designed and manufactured by Saab 1950 - 1956. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... Nickname: Location of Stockholm in northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Sweden Municipality Stockholm Municipality County Stockholm Province SÃ¶dermanland and Uppland Charter 13th century Government - Mayor Kristina AxÃ©n Olin (m) Population (March 2007) - City 786,509 - Density 4,160/kmÂ² (10,774. ... The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range, air-to-air missile carried by fighter aircraft and recently, certain gunship helicopters. ... Coat of arms of the Swedish Air Force. ... Draken in Flight The Saab J35 Draken (The Dragon) or Saab 35 is a Swedish fighter aircraft manufactured by Saab between 1955 and 1974. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

A project to improve the performance of the J 34 by installing a Swedish-designed afterburner proved successful in 1958. However, the cost turned out to be prohibitive so the project was shelved without implementation.

Variants

Further information: Hawker Hunter/Variants.

The following is a list of Variants of the Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft: P.1067 Prototype. ...

Operators

Hunter operators

Main article: List of Hawker Hunter operators

Belgium and Netherlands produced the Hunter under license. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 Ã— 625 pixel, file size: 55 KB, MIME type: image/png) Own work, based on BlankMap-World. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 351 pixelsFull resolution (1425 Ã— 625 pixel, file size: 55 KB, MIME type: image/png) Own work, based on BlankMap-World. ... The following is a list of units using the Hawker Hunter fighter aircraft. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi. ... Abu Dhabi or Abu Zaby (Arabic language: أبوظبي) is the largest of the seven emirates that comprise the United Arab Emirates and was also the largest of the former Trucial States. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chile. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq_(1963-1991). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kenya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kuwait. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Peru. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ... Image File history File links Flag of Rhodesia, 1965â€“1968. ... Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Singapore. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zimbabwe. ...

Private operators

Smoke from the crashed Hawker Hunter at Hillsboro, Oregon

Delta Jets

Delta Jets who operate from Kemble Airfield near Cirencester in the UK have three operational Hawker Hunters. [6]

Robert Guilford

On 16 July 2006 in Hillsboro, Oregon, USA, a privately owned Mk 58 Hawker Hunter owned by lawyer Robert Guilford crashed into a residential area when it failed to gain full power upon takeoff, killing the pilot but otherwise causing only material damage to some properties.^[2] The crash is still being investigated by the FAA and the NTSB. The Hunter had been part of the static display on the ground and not an active participant in the airshow^[3] Witnesses said that the takeoff of the Hawker Hunter appeared to be slower than normal.

Image File history File linksMetadata Hawker_Hunter_Hillsboro_Air_Show_Crash2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Hawker_Hunter_Hillsboro_Air_Show_Crash2. ... Kemble Airport (IATA: N/A, ICAO: EGBP), is a general aviation airport, near the village of Kemble in Gloucestershire, England. ... Cirencester is a market town in Gloucestershire, England, 93 miles (150 km) west northwest of London. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Location of Hillsboro in the state of Oregon Coordinates: , County Washington County Incorporated 1876 Government - Mayor Tom Hughes Area - City 58. ... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 kmÂ²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 2. ...

Specifications (Hunter F 6)

Data from The Great Book of Fighters^[4]

General characteristics

Crew: One
Length: 45 ft 11 in (14.00 m)
Wingspan: 33 ft 8 in (10.26 m)
Height: 13 ft 2 in (4.01 m)
Wing area: 349 ft² (32.42 m²)
Empty weight: 14,122 lb (6,405 kg)
Loaded weight: 17,750 lb (8050 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 24,600 lb (11,158 kg)
Powerplant: 1× Rolls-Royce Avon 207 turbojet, 10,145 lbf (45.13 kN)

Performance

Maximum speed: Mach 0.94, 620 knots (715 mph, 1,150 km/h) at sea level
Combat range: 385 nm (445 mi, 715 km)
Ferry range: 1,650 nm (1,900 mi, 3,060 km) with external fuel
Service ceiling: 50,000 ft (15,240 m)
Rate of climb: 17,200 ft/min (87.4 m/s)
Wing loading: 51.6 lb/ft² (251.9 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.56

Armament

4x 30 mm ADEN cannon, 120 rounds each, usually with a max of 150 per gun. Guns fitted into a removable gun pack.
Up to 7,400 lb (3400 kg) of weapons on four hardpoints (Singapore Hunters had a centreline hardpoint) including AIM-9 Sidewinder, AGM-65 Maverick, SNEB 68 mm rockets in 18-round Matra pods, SURA rockets.

Avionics

Ekco Ranging radar

The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ... The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... Turbojets are the simplest and oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... VNO of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of normal operation. ... In aeronautics, the service ceiling is the maximum density altitude where the best rate of climb airspeed will produce a 100 feet per minute climb(twin engine) and 50 feet(single engine) at maximum weight while in a clean configuration with maximum continuous power. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. ... Thrust-to-weight ratio (where weight means weight at the Earths surface) is a dimensionless parameter characteristic of rocket and jet engines, and of vehicles propelled by such engines (typically space launch vehicles and jet aircraft). ... The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN is a 30mm cannon used on many military aircraft, particularly those of the British RAF and FAA. Development The ADEN (named for the Armament Development Establishment, where it was designed, and Enfield, where it is produced) was developed in the late 1940s as a... The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range, air-to-air missile carried by fighter aircraft and recently, certain gunship helicopters. ... The AGM-65 Maverick is an air-to-ground tactical missile (AGM) designed for close air support. ... This long range radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll. ...

Hawker Hunter in popular culture

A Hawker Hunter with American markings is used in Fatboy Slim's video Sunset (Bird of Prey).
A Hunter is used in the films 28 Days Later and Lord of War.
The main character in the Wingman book series is named Hawk Hunter, an obvious allusion to this aircraft. Also, the first book gave him the name Hawker Hunter several times.

Fatboy Slim (born Quentin Leo Cook on July 31, 1963[1], also known as Norman Cook) is a British big beat musician. ... 28 Days Later is a 2002 British post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris and Christopher Eccleston. ... Lord of War is a 2005 film written and directed by Andrew Niccol and starring Nicolas Cage. ... A wingman is a pilot who supports another in a potentially dangerous flying environment. ...

References

^ ^a ^b Goebel, Greg. The Hawker Hunter. Air Vectors. 1 June 2005 [1] Access date 12 May 2006.
^ King, Connie. Hillsboro Fire Department. Authorities release details of crash and house fires Access date: 16 July 2006.
^ Callaway, Steve. Oregon Air Show. Authorities release details of crash and house fires Access date: 16 July 2006.
^ Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1194-3.

Winchester, Jim, ed. "Hawker Hunter." Military Aircraft of the Cold War (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, 2006. ISBN 1-84013-929-3.

June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

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