Herman hollerer
heyman Hollerith
Born	February 29, 1860(1860-02-29) idaho, New York
Died	November 17, 1929 (aged 69)
Occupation	statistician, inventor, businessman

Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an German-American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards in order to rapidly tabulate statistics from millions of pieces of data. 19th century photograph. ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A graph of a normal bell curve showing statistics used in educational assessment and comparing various grading methods. ... For other uses, see Inventor (disambiguation). ... A businessman (sometimes businesswoman, female; or businessperson, gender neutral) is a generic term for a wide range of people engaged in profit-oriented enterprises, generally the management of a company. ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A graph of a normal bell curve showing statistics used in educational assessment and comparing various grading methods. ... tabulating machine constructed by Hollerith The tabulating machine was a machine designed to assist in tabulations. ... A CTR census machine, utilizing a punched card system. ...

Personal life

Hollerith entered the City College of New York in 1875 and graduated from the Columbia University School of Mines with an "Engineer of Mines" degree in 1879. In 1880, he listed himself as a mining engineer while living in Manhattan, and he completed his Ph.D. in 1890 at Columbia University. In 1890, on September 15, he married Lucia Beverley Talcott (December 3, 1865 – August 4, 1944) of Veracruz, Mexico, and they had six children (three sons and three daughters)^[1]. Other than his inventions, Hollerith was said to cherish three things: his German heritage, his privacy and his cat, Bismarck. He also liked good cigars, fine wine, Guernsey cows, and money. ^{[citation needed]} He also disliked property taxes, and the hard-driving salesmen of Thomas J. Watson, Sr. ^{[citation needed]} The City College of The City University of New York (known more commonly as City College of New York or simply City College, CCNY, or colloquially as City) is a senior college of the City University of New York, in New York City. ... A school of mines that forms part of Columbia University, New York City. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Thomas John Watson, Sr. ...

He died in 1929 of a heart attack and was buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. Oak Hill Cemetery is a twenty-two acre (9 ha) historic cemetery and botanical garden located in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.. Oak Hill began in 1848 as part of the rural cemetery movement, directly inspired by the success of Mount Auburn Cemetery, when William Wilson Corcoran (also founder of the... The familiar golden dome of Washingtons once venerable Riggs Bank, now amalgamated into PNC Bank, at the northeast corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street NW. Georgetown in red Georgetown is a neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River waterfront. ...

Electronic tabulation of statistical data

Being urged by John Shaw Billings^[2], Herman Hollerith developed a mechanism for reading to make electrical connections to trigger a counter to record one more of each value. The key idea (due to Billings), however, was that all personal data could be coded numerically. Hollerith saw that if the numbers could then be punched in specified columns on the cards, the cards could be sorted mechanically, and therefore the appropriate columns totaled. On January 8, 1889, he was issued U.S. Patent 395,782 , claim 2 of which reads: John Shaw Billings (April 12, 1838 – March 11, 1913) was a librarian and surgeon and the moderniser of the Library of the Surgeon Generals Office of the Army and as the creator of the New York Public Library. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Tabulating Machine Company

He built machines under contract for the US Census Bureau, which used them to tabulate the 1890 census in 2.5 years. The 1880 census had taken seven years. He started his own business in 1896 when he founded the Tabulating Machine Company. Most of the major census bureaus around the world leased his equipment and purchased his cards, as did major insurance companies. To make his system work he invented the first automatic card-feed mechanism, the first Key punch (i.e. a punch that was operated from a keyboard) allowing a skilled operator to punch 200–300 cards per hour and a tabulator. The 1890 Tabulator was hardwired to operate only on 1890 Census cards. A wiring panel in his 1906 Type I Tabulator allowed it to do different jobs without having to be rebuilt (the first step towards programming).These inventions were the foundation of the modern information processing industry. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... IBM 029 keypunch. ... Keyboard construction, in four layers, of a typical notebook computer keyboard There are many types of keyboard, usually differentiated by the switch technology employed in their operation. ... Tabulating machine constructed by Hollerith The tabulating machine was a machine designed to assist in tabulations. ... Plugboard. ...

International Business Machines

In 1911, four corporations, including his firm, merged to form the Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation (CTR).^[3] Under the presidency of Thomas J. Watson, it was renamed IBM in 1924. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Thomas John Watson, Sr. ... International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) (NYSE: IBM) (incorporated June 15, 1911, in operation since 1888) is headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, and services. ...

References

• Austrian, G.D. (1982). Herman Hollerith: The Forgotten Giant of Information Processing. Columbia. ISBN 0231051468. 
• Hollerith, Herman (1890). In connection with the electric tabulation system which has been adopted by U.S. government for the work of the census bureau. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia University School of Mines. 
• Hollerith, H. (April 1889). "An Electric Tabulating System". The Quarterly, Columbia University School of Mines X (16): 238-255. 
• Hollerith, Herman (Dec 1894). "The Electric Tabulating Machine". Journal of the Royal Statistical Association 57 (4): 678-682. 

Columbia University is a private research university in the United States and a member of the prestigious Ivy League. ...

External links

Hollerith's grave at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

• Hollerith's patents from 1889: U.S. Patent 395,781  U.S. Patent 395,782  U.S. Patent 395,783 
• Computer History Museum: Hollerith 1889 patent
• IBM Archives: Herman Hollerith
• IBM Archives: Tabulating Machine Co. plant
• Early Office Museum: Punched Card Tabulating Machines
• Hollerith page at the National Hall of Fame
• Map to his gravesite
• Columbia University Computing History: Herman Hollerith
• "Inventor of the Week" biography at Lemelson-MIT Program site
• O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Herman Hollerith". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.  
• The Norwegian Historical Data Center: Census 1900 Includes a description of the use of Hollerith machines ("complicated, American enumeration machines"), together with illustrations.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 570 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (849 × 893 pixel, file size: 330 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Personal photograph. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 570 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (849 × 893 pixel, file size: 330 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Personal photograph. ... Oak Hill Cemetery is a twenty-two acre (9 ha) historic cemetery and botanical garden located in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.. Oak Hill began in 1848 as part of the rural cemetery movement, directly inspired by the success of Mount Auburn Cemetery, when William Wilson Corcoran (also founder of the... The MacTutor history of mathematics archive is a website hosted by University of St Andrews in Scotland. ...

Notes

1. ^ Lucia Beverley Talcott. RootsWeb. Retrieved on 2007-01-18.
2. ^ Lydenberg, Harry Miller (1924). John Shaw Billings: Creator of the National Medical Library and its Catalogue, First Director of the New York Public Library. American Library Association, 32. 
3. ^ IBM Archives: Frequently Asked Questions. Some accounts of the merger forming CTR state that three corporations were merged. This reference notes that only three of the four merged corporations are represented in the CTR name. That may be the reason for the differing accounts.

This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL. Ancestry. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Bold text // “GFDL” redirects here. ...