SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Encyclopedia > History of Antarctica

Updated 504 days 2 hours 32 minutes ago.

Antarctica has no indigenous population, and so the human history of Antarctica does not begin until the 19th century, when the continent was first seen. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Contents 1 Early theories 2 Exploration of southern regions 3 Exploration 4 The Antarctic Treaty and recent history 5 See also 6 External links 6.1 eBooks on Project Gutenberg 7 References [edit] Early theories 1771 map of the world, showing abstract circular Terres Australis. Has partial coastlines of New Zealand and south of South America and Africa. In the Western world, belief in a Terra Australis - a vast continent located in the far south of the globe to "balance" out the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa - had existed for centuries. European maps continued to show this hypothetical land of Antarctica until Captain James Cook and the crews of his expedition's ships, Resolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle three times between 1772 and 1775 dispelling the myth. However, ice packs prevented Cook and his men from seeing the actual continent, which was smaller than had long been thought. In 1513, admiral Piri Reis drew a map that has been said to show part of the Antarctic continent. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (4420x2496, 294 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Antarctica ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (4420x2496, 294 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Antarctica ... The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... Terra Australis is the large continent on the bottom of the map Terra Australis (also: Terra Australis Incognita, Latin for the unknown land of the South) was an imaginary continent, appearing on European maps from the 15th to the 18th century. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ... James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ... Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1513 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Piri Reis (originally Hadji Muhammad) was an Ottoman admiral born around 1465, in Gallipoli on the Dardanelles. ... [edit] Exploration of southern regions During the middle ages the sphericity of the earth came to be viewed by Europeans as contrary to Scripture and was generaly discredited, and it was not until Prince Henry the Navigator began in 1418 to encourage the penetration of the torrid zone in the effort to reach India by circumnavigating Africa that the exploration of the southern hemisphere began. The doubling of the Cape of Good Hope in 1487 by Bartholomew Diaz first brought explorers within touch of the Antarctic cold, and proved that the ocean separated Africa from any Antarctic land that might exist. The passage of Magellan's Strait in 1520 showed that America and Asia also were separrated from the Antarctic continent, which was then believed to extend from Tierra del Fuego southward. The doubling of Cape Horn by Drake in 1578 proved that the Tierra del Fuego archipelago was of small extent and that any continent which lay to the south must be within the region of perpetual winter. Before this, however, vague reports of land to the south of the Malay archipelago had led European geographers to connect on their globes the coast of Tierra del Fuego with the coast of New Guinea, and allowing their imaginations to run riot in the vast unknown spaces of the south Atlantic, south Indian and Pacific oceans, they sketched the outlines of a vast continent stretching in parts into the tropics. The search for this great south land or Third World was a leading motive of explorers in the 16th and the early part of the 17th centuries, and no illusion ever died a harder death. Events May 19 - Capture of Paris by John, Duke of Burgundy September - Beginning of English Siege of Rouen Mircea the Old, ruler of Wallachia dies and is succeeded by Vlad I Uzurpatorul. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... mary elline m. ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Shouten and Le Maire rediscovered the southern extremity of Tierra del Fuego and named Cape Horn in 1615, Quiros in 1606 took possession for the king of Spain all of the lands he had discovered in Australia del Espiritu Santo (the New Hebrides) and those he would discover "even to the Pole", and Tasman in 1642 showed that New Holland (Australia) was separated by sea from any continuous southern continent. Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ... Events January 27 - The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31 May 17 - Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill Premier Dmitri December 26 - Shakespeares King Lear performed in court Storm buries a village of St Ismails near... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... Voyagers round the Horn frequently met with contrary winds and were driven southward into snowy skies and ice-encumbered seas; but so far as can be ascertained none of them before 1770 reached the Antarctic circle, or knew it, if they did. The story of the discovery of land in 64° S. by Dirk Gerritz on board the Blijde Boodschap in 1599 was shown to be the result of a mistake of a commentator, Kasper Barlaeus, in 1622. There was controversy whether South Gorgia was sighted in 1675 by La Roche. It may safely be said that all the navigators who fell in with the southern ice up to 1750 did so by being driven off their course and not of set purpose. An exception may perhaps be made in favor of Halley's voyage in H.M.S. Paramour for magnetic investigations in the South Atlantic when he met the ice in 52° S. in January 1700; but that latitude was his farthest south. A determined effort on the part of the French naval officer Pierre Bouvet to discover the South Land described by a half legendary sieur de Gonneyville resulted only in the discovery of Bouvet Island in 54°10' S., and in the navigation of 48 degrees of longitude of ice-cumbered sea nearly in 55° S. in 1730. In 1771 Yves Joseph Kerguelen sailed from France with instructions to proceed south from Mauritius in search of "a very large continent." He lighted upon a land in 50° S. which he called South France, and believed to be the central mass of the southern continent. He was sent out again to complete the exploration of the new land, and found it to be only and inhospitable island which the renamed in disgust the Isle of Desolation, but in which posterity has recognized his courageous efforts by naming it Kerguelen Land. The obsession of the undiscovered continent culminated in the brain of Alexander Dalrymple, the brilliant and erratic hydrographer who was nominated by the Royal Society to command the Transit of Venus expedition to Tahiti in 1769, a post he coveted less for its astronomical interest than for the opportunity it would afford him of confirming the truthfulness of his favorite explorer Quiros. The command of the expedition was given by the admiralty to Captain James Cook, whose geographical results were criticized by Dalrymple with a force and persistence which probably had some weight in deciding the admiralty to send Cook out again with explicit instructions to solve the problem of the southern continent.[1] Battle of Chesma, by Ivan Aivazovsky. ... Events The Jesuit educational plan known as the Ratio Studiorum is issued (January 8). ... Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... [edit] Exploration Some of the early exploration routes. The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica cannot be accurately attributed to one single person. It can, however, be narrowed down to three individuals. According to various sources [1] [2] [3][4], three men all sighted Antarctica within days or weeks of each other: Fabian von Bellingshausen (a captain in the Russian Imperial Navy), Edward Bransfield (a captain in the British navy), and Nathaniel Palmer (an American sealer out of Stonington, Connecticut). Bransfield supposedly saw Antarctica on January 27, 1820, three days before Palmer sighted land. It is certain that on January 28, 1820 (New Style), the expedition led by Fabian von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev on two ships reached a point within 20 miles (40 km) of the Antarctic mainland and saw ice-fields there. On January 30, 1820, Bransfield approached Trinity Peninsula, the northernmost point of the Antarctic mainland, and went ashore on a pinnace. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (3096x3106, 196 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Antarctica ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (3096x3106, 196 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Antarctica ... Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (Беллинсгаузен, Фаддей Фаддеевич, Faddey Faddeyevich Bellinsgauzen in Russian) (September 20, 1778 - January 13, 1852) served as a naval officer of the... Edward Bransfield (1785 – 1852) was a master in the Royal Navy and arguably the discoverer of the continent of Antarctica. ... Nathaniel Brown Palmer (1799 - 1877) was a sailor in the United States Navy. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (Беллинсгаузен, Фаддей Фаддеевич, Faddey Faddeyevich Bellinsgauzen in Russian) (September 20, 1778 - January 13, 1852) served as a naval officer of the... Portrait of Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (Лазарев, Михаил Петрович in Russian) (November 3, 1788 — April 11, 1851) was a Russian fleet commander and explorer, and Admiral (1843). ... Trinity Peninsula ( 63°37′ S 058°20′ W) is the extreme northeast portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, extending northeastward for about 130 km (80 mi) from a line connecting Cape Kater and Cape Longing. ... A pinnace is a light boat, propelled by sails or oars, formerly used as a tender for guiding merchant and war vessels. ... Only slightly more than a year later, the first American landing on Antarctica was arguably by Captain John Davis, a sealer, who claimed to have set foot there on February 7, 1821, though this is not accepted by all historians.[5][6]. John Davis an American and seal hunter who claimed to have set foot on Antarctica on February 7, 1821. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... After the North Magnetic Pole was located in 1831, explorers and scientists began looking for the South Magnetic Pole. One of the explorers, James Clark Ross, identified its approximate location, but was unable to reach it. He also mapped the Ross Ice Shelf, which was later named after him. The volcanoes Mount Erebus and Mount Terror on Ross Island were named for the two ships of Ross's expedition. ... The ceremonial South Pole. ... Sir James Clark Ross (April 15, 1800 – April 3, 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. ... Ross Ice Shelf in 1997. ... Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. ... For mountains named Mount Terror, see Mount Terror. ... It has been suggested that Castle Rock (Antarctica) be merged into this article or section. ... In 1897, an expedition led by Belgian Adrian de Gerlache left Antwerp, Belgium for Antarctica. The multi-national crew included a Romanian zoologist (Emil Racoviţă), a Polish geologist (Henryk Arctowski), a Belgian navigator/astronomer (George Lecointe), several Norwegians, including Roald Amundsen, and an American surgeon, Dr. Frederick Cook. In 1898, they became the first men to spend winter on Antarctica, when their ship Belgica became trapped in the ice. They became stuck on February 28, 1898, and only managed to get out of the ice on March 14, 1899. During their forced stay, several men lost their sanity, not only because of the Antarctic winter night and the endured hardship, but also because of the language problems between the different nationalities. Adrien Victor Joseph de Gerlache de Gomery (2 August 1866-4 December 1934) was an officer in the Belgian Royal Navy, who led the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897-1899. ... The Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal (Cathedral of our Lady) at the Handschoenmarkt, in the old quarter of Antwerp is the largest cathedral in the Low Countries and home to several triptychs by Baroque painter Rubens. ... Emil Racovita (1868-1947) was a famous Romanian biologist and speleologist. ... Henryk Arctowski (1871 - 1958) was a Polish scientist, oceanographer and explorer of Antarctica. ... Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (1872-1928) Roald Engebreth Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872 – June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. ... Frederick Cook in arctic gear Frederick Cook on South Michigan Avenue in Chicago A photo from Cooks 1909 arctic expedition, which he alleged was taken at or near the North Pole Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 - August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician. ... Belgica was and is the name of two Belgian research vessels, with a name derived ultimately from the Latin Gallia Belgica. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Endurance at night during Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1914. The British National Antarctic Expedition (1901 - 1904), led by Robert Falcon Scott, came to within 857 km (463 nautical miles) of the South Pole from its base at McMurdo Sound. Image File history File links Shackleton_expedition. ... Image File history File links Shackleton_expedition. ... Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition was a major exploration undertaking led by Sir Ernest Shackleton that consisted in attempting to make the first crossing of the Antarctic continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. ... Robert Falcon Scott Robert Falcon Scott (6 June 1868 – 29 March 1912) was a Royal Naval officer and Antarctic explorer. ... Categories: Antarctica geography stubs | Geography of Antarctica | Ross Dependency ... In 1903 the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition established Osmond House, a meteorological observatory on Laurie Island in the South Orkneys. A year later, ownership was passed to Argentina and renamed to Orcadas Base, the continent's oldest permanent base[7], and the only one present for roughly the next 40 years. Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... Laurie Island (Spanish:Isla Lauría) is the second largest of the South Orkney Islands. ... The South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas) are a group of sub-antarctic islands situated at latitudes 60°50 to 60°83 S, and longitudes 44°25 to 46°25 W in the Southern Ocean. ... Orcadas Base is the first permanently inhabited base Antarctica. ... Ernest Shackleton, who had been a member of Scott's expedition, organized and led the British Antarctic Expedition (1907-09), again with the primary objective of reaching the South Pole, and came within 180 km (97 nautical miles) before having to turn back. On this expedition, again based at McMurdo Sound, Shackleton, discovered the Beardmore Glacier and was the first to reach the polar plateau. During this expedition, parties led by T. W. Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... Categories: Antarctica geography stubs | Geography of Antarctica | Ross Dependency ... Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... The Beardmore Glacier (83º45´S 171º00´E) in Antarctica is the largest glacier in the world, with a length exceeding 160 km (100 mi). ... Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David (January 28, 1858 - August 28, 1934) was an Australian geologist and explorer. ... Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. ... The ceremonial South Pole. ... On December 14, 1911, a party led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the South Pole, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier. Amundsen was followed by Robert Falcon Scott from the Terra Nova over a month later, using the route pioneered by Shackleton. Scott's party later died on the return journey after being delayed by a series of accidents, bad weather, and the declining physical condition of the men. The Amundsen-Scott base was later named after these two men. December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (1872-1928) Roald Engebreth Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872 – June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. ... Fram in Antarctica in Roald Amundsens expedition. ... Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. ... The Bay of Whales (78º30´S 164º20´W) is an iceport indenting the front of Ross Ice Shelf just northward of Roosevelt Island. ... The Axel Heiberg Glacier is a valley glacier, 48 km (30 mi) long, descending from the polar plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf between the Herbert Range and Mount Don Pedro Christophersen, in the Queen Maud Mountains. ... Robert Falcon Scott Robert Falcon Scott (6 June 1868 – 29 March 1912) was a Royal Naval officer and Antarctic explorer. ... [[Media:[[Terra Nova]]]] Bark (1f/3m). ... The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station is an American research station at the South Pole, in Antarctica. ... Endurance trapped in pack ice The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914, led by Ernest Shackleton, set out to cross the continent via the pole, but their ship, the Endurance, was trapped and crushed by pack ice before they even landed. The expedition members survived after an epic journey on sledges over pack ice to Elephant Island. Then Shackleton and five others crossed the Southern Ocean, in an open boat called James Caird, and then trekked over South Georgia to raise the alarm at the whaling station Grytviken. Image File history File links Endurance_trapped_in_pack_ice. ... Image File history File links Endurance_trapped_in_pack_ice. ... Endurance trapped in pack ice during the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. ... A NASA satellite photograph of Elephant Island Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands in the Southern Ocean. ... The James Caird is the 23 foot (7 m) whaler in which Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions made the epic open boat voyage of 800 miles (1,300 km) from Elephant Island, 500 miles (800 km) south of Cape Horn, to South Georgia during the Antarctic winter of 1916. ... South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina. ... Grytviken as it was before 1929 Grytviken (Norwegian: Pot Bay, after the pots used to render seal oil) is the only settlement in the United Kingdom territory of South Georgia in the South Atlantic. ... US Navy Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd led five expeditions to Antarctica during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. He overflew the South Pole with pilot Bernt Balchen on November 28 and 29, 1929, to match his overflight of the North Pole in 1926. Byrd's explorations had science as a major objective and pioneered the use of aircraft on the continent. Byrd is credited with doing more for Antarctic exploration than any other explorer. His expeditions set the scene for modern Antarctic exploration and research. The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was a pioneering American polar explorer and famous aviator. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... The 1950s was the decade spanning from the 1st of January, 1950 to the 31st December, 1959. ... Bernt Balchen, D.F.C., (23 October 1899 – 17 October 1973), was a Norwegian-American polar (and general) aviation pioneer. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... It was not until October 31, 1956 that anyone set foot on the south pole again; on that day US Navy Rear Admiral George Dufek[8] (and others) successfully landed a R4D Skytrain (Douglas DC-3) aircraft. October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... The Douglas DC-3 is a fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft, which revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s and is generally regarded as one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made (also see Boeing 707 and Boeing 747). ... During the International Geophysical Year of 1957 a large number of expeditions were mounted. The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. ... New Zealand mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary led an expedition using farm tractors equipped for polar travel and arrived at the Pole in late 1957, the first expedition since Scott's to reach the South Pole over land. Hillary was laying supply depots for the British Trans-Antarctic expedition and in typical Hillary style "detoured" to the pole because the trip had gone well. Then in 1958, British explorer Sir Vivian Fuchs led a successful overland transpolar expedition that completed the journey that Shackleton had first envisaged. Sir Edmund Hillary in 1957 after accompanying the first plane to land at the Marble Point ground air strip - Antarctica Sir Edmund Percival Hillary, KG, ONZ, KBE (born 20 July 1919) is a New Zealand mountaineer and explorer. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs (February 11, 1908 – November 11, 1999) was a British explorer. ... [edit] The Antarctic Treaty and recent history Port Lockroy Museum. The Antarctic Treaty was signed on December 1, 1959 and came into force on June 23, 1961. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2608x1952, 680 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2608x1952, 680 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Port Lockroy has been renovated into a museum. ... For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... A baby, named Emilio Marcos de Palma, was born near Hope Bay on January 7, 1978, becoming the first baby born on the continent. He also was born farther south than anyone in history. The mother had been sent there by the Argentine government in order for Argentina to become the first country with a child born there. Hope Bay (63º23´S 057º00´W) is 5 km (3 mi) long and 3 km (2 mi) wide, indenting the tip of Antarctic Peninsula and opening on Antarctic Sound. ... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... On November 28, 1979, an Air New Zealand DC-10 on a sightseeing trip crashed into Mount Erebus on Ross Island, killing all 257 people on board. November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). ... Air New Zealand (IATA: NZ, ICAO: ANZ, and Callsign: New Zealand) ASX: AIZ NZX: AIR is a major scheduled passenger airline based in Auckland, New Zealand. ... Biman Bangladesh Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10 The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is a three-engined long-range airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. ... Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. ... It has been suggested that Castle Rock (Antarctica) be merged into this article or section. ... In March 2002 the 5,500 km² (2,120 square statute mile) Iceberg B-22 broke off from the Thwaites Ice Tongue and the Larsen B ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula, and shattered into small fragments. The ice shelf was 200 metres thick and had a surface area of 3,250 square kilometres. 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for March, 2002. ... The Thwaites Ice Tongue (74º00´S 108º30´W) is a large sheet of glacial ice and snow extending from the Antarctic mainland into the southern Amundsen Sea. ... The Thwaites Ice Tongue (74º00´S 108º30´W) is a large sheet of glacial ice and snow extending from the Antarctic mainland into the southern Amundsen Sea. ... Larsen A and Larsen B iceshelves marked in red The Larsen Ice Shelf () is a long, fringing ice shelf in the northwest part of the Weddell Sea, extending along the east coast of Antarctic Peninsula from Cape Longing to the area just southward of Hearst Island. ... Antarctic Peninsula map Booth Island and Mount Scott flank the narrow Lemaire Channel on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. ... [edit] See also History of Livingston Island List of Antarctica expeditions List of research stations in Antarctica History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Livingston Island (62°36′ S 060°30′ W) is 61 km (38 mi) long and from 3 to 32 km (2 to 20 mi) wide, lying between Greenwich and Snow Islands in the South Shetland Islands. ... Territorial claims of Antarctica List of Antarctica expeditions is a chronological list of expeditions involving Antarctica. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... XVII-XIX Century The South Atlantic island of South Georgia, situated south of the Antarctic Convergence, was the first Antarctic territory ever discovered. ... [edit] External links 70South: Antarctic History Antarctic Heritage Trust theice.org Timeline of the Antarctic Century (1900-2000) Surveying Antarctica, 1957 Big Dead Place [edit] eBooks on Project Gutenberg The South Pole; an account of the Norwegian Antarctic expedition in the "Fram," 1910-12 — Volume 1 and Volume 2, available freely at Project Gutenberg The Worst Journey in the World, Volumes 1 and 2 Antarctic 1910-1913, available freely at Project Gutenberg South: the story of Shackleton's 1914-1917 expedition, available freely at Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... [edit] References ^ This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article "Polar Regions", a publication now in the public domain. Categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica | History of Antarctica Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

	Results from FactBites:
	ANTARCTICA, (3131 words) The two areas of Antarctica are separated by the Transantarctic Mts., an uplift zone of mountains that extends across the entire continent, although portions are buried under the ice cover. Antarctica can be classified as a true desert; in the interior the average annual precipitation (in water) is only about 50 mm (about 2 in). Antarctica was not discovered until the early 19th century, largely because of its remoteness from the other continents.
	More results at FactBites »