This article is part of the series History of Australia

Capital Cities

Adelaide

Brisbane

Canberra

Hobart

Melbourne

Perth

Sydney

The History of Canberra details the development of the city of Canberra from the time before white settlement to Canberra's planning by the Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin and subsequent development to the present day. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The history of Australia began when people first migrated to the Australian continent from the north, at least 40,000-45,000 years ago. ... Adelaide is the capital city of the Australian state of South Australia. ... Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is named for Sir Thomas Brisbane (1773–1860), British soldier and colonial administrator born in Ayrshire, Scotland. ... The first settlement in Hobart was started in 1803 as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... This article details the History of Perth from the first human activity in the region to the 20th century. ... History of Sydney stretches back to prehistoric times. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... An architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Walter Burley Griffin and his wife Marion Mahony Griffin, in Sydney in 1930 Walter Burley Griffin (November 24, 1876 - February 11, 1937) was an American architect and landscape architect best known for his role in designing Canberra, Australias capital city. ...

Pre-history

Before European settlement, the area which eventually become the Australian Capital Territory was inhabited by the Ngunnawal and Walgalu tribes. The Ngarigo lived south-east of the ACT, the Gundungurra to the north, the Yuin on the coast and the Wiradjuri to the west. Archaeological evidence suggests human habitation of the area for at least 21,000 years. The Ngunnawal people (alternatively Ngunnawal tribe, or more latterly Ngunnawal Nation) are the indigenous Australian inhabitants whose traditional lands encompass much of the area now occupied by the city of Canberra, Australia and the surrounding Australian Capital Territory. ... The Wiradjuri (many other spellings; see below) are an Indigenous Australian group of central New South Wales. ...

The Ngunnawal had at least two burial grounds, a northern limestone cave and a cave in what is now known as Mt Tennant. At least in some cases, dead aboriginals were buried in a sitting position.

The Bogong Moths were an important source of food for the Aboriginal people, which would collect in their thousands in caves and rock crevices; they were roasted in sand or ashes and eaten whole. Binomial name Agrotis infusa (bogong moth) , Subspecies The Bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) is a temperate species of night-flying moth notable for appearing in major proportions around major public buildings in Canberra, the capital city of Australia, during spring (late September to November). ...

19th century

European exploration

European exploration began in the Canberra area as early as the 1820s. Four successive expeditions whose routes took in the Canberra area were those of Charles Throsby Smith (1820), Charles Throsby (1821), Major John Ovens and Captain Mark Currie (1823) and Allan Cunningham (1824). All four expeditions explored the area of the Molonglo River that is now Lake Burley Griffin. Smith and Cunningham also went further south to what is now called the Tuggeranong Valley. Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Portait of Allan Cunningham Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his travels in New South Wales to collect plants. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

European settlement

Map of the Canberra area 1843-1846 showing 'Camberry', 'Yarrowlumla', 'Tageranong' and other names similar to modern names

White settlement in the area can be said to have begun in 1824, when a homestead or station was built in what is now the Acton peninsula by stockmen employed by Joshua John Moore. He formally purchased the site in 1826, but never visited the site. Moore named his property Canberry, or Canberra. The name Canberra, as well as several derivatives, continued to see some use throughout the 19th century to refer to what is now North Canberra, which was part of the Canberra parish. The local Aboriginals of this time also tended to refer to themselves as the Kamberra or Camberri people. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 502 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1433 pixel, file size: 227 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) cropped from old map from the National Library here from Bakers Australian county atlas 1843?-1846 Note many current day names: Ginninderry, Pialigo, Campbell, Mt. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 502 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 1433 pixel, file size: 227 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) cropped from old map from the National Library here from Bakers Australian county atlas 1843?-1846 Note many current day names: Ginninderry, Pialigo, Campbell, Mt. ... This is a disambiguation page; if one followed a link here, one might want to adjust that link. ... Location of Tuggeranong Tuggeranong Town Centre is located on Lake Tuggeranong Tuggeranong is the southernmost town centre of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Joshua John Moore (1790-1864), a grazier and large owner of land by occupation, was born to John Moore, yeoman farmer, at Horningsea, Cambridgeshire, England. ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Canberra Parish, Murray County is a former parish of Murray County, New South Wales, a cadastral unit for use on land titles. ...

Other stations were built in turn by other settlers. Initially, these were owned by absentee landlords, but later families moved in. The first white child born in the area was a daughter born to the Macpherson family in 1830. The birth of the first white child was a celebrated occasion across many parts of the United States and Australia. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

There were a number of these families that achieved status in the area. These included the Campbell family, the Ainslie family and the Palmer family. In the late 1820s and early 1830s, there was a conflict between two of these families - the Johnstons (descended from Major George Johnston who was involved in the Rum Rebellion) and the Martins - for the ownership and financial control of land which is now known as Weston Creek and Tuggeranong. A contemporary propaganda cartoon of Blighs arrest produced to show Bligh as being a coward The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was the only successful (if only temporarily so) armed takeover of government in Australias recorded history. ...

The first church in Canberra, St John's in Reid

The Campbells, and their patriarch, Robert Campbell, were particularly influential. The Campbells were Scottish and brought many other Scots to the district as workers. The land that they owned included Duntroon House that is now the Officers Mess at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Yarralumla and the Oaks Estate. The lattermost got its name from a mansion built there by Campbell called the Oaks. When the Campbell family later sold the land it was on for subdivision and development, it was on condition that the Oaks and the land that it to remain intact and not be renamed. There are still members of the Campbell family living in Canberra. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1184x888, 248 KB) Summary St Johns Church, the oldest church in Canberra. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1184x888, 248 KB) Summary St Johns Church, the oldest church in Canberra. ... Robert Campbell (28 April 1769 - 30 March 1859) was Sydneys first mechant and a pioneering land owner. ... Royal Military College The Royal Military College, Duntroon is Australias military academy where Staff Cadets train for commissioning into the Australian Army as a part of the Australian Defence Force There are two streams of Cadets: from the Australian Defence Force Academy, and by direct entry. ... Yarralumla is a large inner south suburb of Canberra, the capital city of Australia. ... Oaks Estate is a small settlement on the Australian Capital Territory side of the NSW-ACT border near Queanbeyan and the Molonglo River. ...

The European population in the Canberra area continued to slowly grow throughout the rest of the 19th century. One prominent building, the Anglican St John's Church, was consecrated and opened for use in 1845. This building still stands today. A schoolhouse was also attached to this building. By 1851, there were about 2500 people living in the area - a vast majority of which were stockmen. Some convict labour was also used in this area in the 1830s and 1840s. The weather in the area was said to be harsh, and drownings in rivers was a fairly common occurrence. Victims of drowning included the first rector of the St John's Church. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... St Johns Church with part of the churchyard visible in the foreground St John the Baptist Church in Reid, the oldest church in Canberra, Australia. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Events and Trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Dutch-speaking farmers known as Voortrekkers emigrate northwards from the Cape Colony Croquet invented in Ireland Railroad construction begins in earnest in the United States Egba refugees fleeing the Yoruba civil wars found the city of Abeokuta in south-west Nigeria... // Events and Trends Technology First use of general anesthesia in an operation, by Crawford Long The first electrical telegraph sent by Samuel Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. War, peace and politics First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February...

Blundells cottage built in the 1860s

Blundells' Cottage was built by the in 1859 for William Ginn the head ploughman for the Duntroon Estate. The cottage's second occupants where newlyweds George and Flora Blundell, after whom the cottage was named.[1] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1936x1152, 229 KB) Blundells cottage, Canberra, photo taken by User:Petaholmes, August 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Canberra ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1936x1152, 229 KB) Blundells cottage, Canberra, photo taken by User:Petaholmes, August 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Canberra ...

The Aboriginal population dwindled as the European presence increased, mainly from diseases such as smallpox and measles. Another reason was that their ability to hunt and therefore survive was impeded by homesteads being placed on their hunting grounds. By 1862, they had been largely reduced to half-castes. They held their last full corroboree by the Molonglo River in that year. By 1878, the Aboriginal culture and population had largely ceased to exist, with its members largely absorbed into European culture through half-caste marriages. "Queen Nellie" Hamilton, said to be the last full-blood Aboriginal in the Canberra region, died in Queanbeyan in 1897. Bogong Moths were eaten by deep frying them. Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A Corroboree is a ceremonial meeting of Australian Aborigines. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Twentieth century

Creation of the Australian Capital Territory

Surveyor's Hut 1909

The district's change from a New South Wales rural area to the national capital began during debates over Federation in the early 20th century. At the time, Melbourne was easily Australia's largest city and the obvious place for the capital. The western colonies—Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria—supported Melbourne. However, NSW (the largest colony) and (to a lesser extent) Queensland, favoured Sydney—which was older than Melbourne and the only other large city in Australia. Perhaps one or another of the two colonial capitals might have eventually been acceptable to the smaller states, but the Sydney-Melbourne rivalry was such that neither city would ever agree to the other one becoming capital. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (925x1200, 266 KB) Summary The surveyors hut near parliament house. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (925x1200, 266 KB) Summary The surveyors hut near parliament house. ... The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed a federation. ... Australian regional rivalries refers to the rivalries between Australian cities or regions, the most prominent of them being between Melbourne and Sydney. ...

Eventually, a compromise was reached: Melbourne would be the capital on a temporary basis while a new capital was built somewhere between Sydney and Melbourne. Section 125 of the Constitution specified that it must be north of the Murray River (placing it in NSW rather than Victoria) but at least 100 miles from Sydney. The Murray River, or River Murray, is Australias second-longest river in its own right (the longest being its tributary the Darling). ...

After an extensive search, the present site, about 300 kilometres south-west of Sydney in the foothills of the Australian Alps, was chosen in 1908 as a result of survey work done by Government Surveyor Charles Scrivener in that year^[1]. Two persons who campaigned strongly for the Federal capital to be in the Canberra area were John Gale, the publisher of the Queanbeyan Age and Federal politician King O'Malley. The choice of site was a disputed one, and narrowly beat Dalgety, a small town near the NSW/Victoria border. 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Charles Robert Scrivener (November 2, 1855 - September 26, 1923) was an Australian surveyor, and the person who surveyed numerous sites in New South Wales for the selection of a site for the Australian Capital Territory and Australias capital city Canberra. ... King OMalley King OMalley (July 1858 - 20 December 1953), Australian politician, was one of the more colourful characters of the early federal period of Australian political history. ... Dalgety, NSW, Australia is located on the Banks of the Snowy River between Melbourne and Sydney. ...

The NSW government ceded the new Australian Capital Territory to the Commonwealth Government on January 1, 1910^[2]. In that same year, the ACT became an alcohol-free area as a result of legislation that the Minister for Home Affairs King O'Malley ran through Federal Parliament in Melbourne (Ironically, a pub named after King O'Malley was established in the city centre of Canberra during the 1990s). Capital Canberra Government Constitutional monarchy Administrator none Chief Minister Jon Stanhope (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 2  - Senate seats 2 Gross Territorial Product (2006)  - Product ($m)  $19,167 (6th)  - Product per capita  $57,303/person (1st) Population (End of November 2006)  - Population  333,667 (7th)  - Density  137. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The name Canberra

Naming of Canberra, 12 March 1913

An international competition was held in 1911 by O'Malley to select a plan for the new city. A variety of names were suggested for the capital, including Olympus, Paradise, Captain Cook, Shakespeare, Kangaremu, Eucalypta and Myola. The name of Canberra was eventually settled upon. At midday on March 12, 1913 the city was officially given this name by Lady Denman the wife of the then Governor-General, at a ceremony on Kurrajong Hill (now known as Capital Hill) and building officially commenced. The city now commemorates this anniversary as "Canberra Day" each year on the third Monday of March.[2] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1384x883, 1273 KB) Lady Denman, wife of the governor general names w:Canberra. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1384x883, 1273 KB) Lady Denman, wife of the governor general names w:Canberra. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Lady Denman at the ceremony for the naming of Canberra in 1913. ... Capital Hill (postcode: 2600) is the location of Parliament House, Canberra, at the south apex of the land axis of the Parliamentary Triangle. ... Canberra Day is a public hoilday held annually in March in the Australian Capital Territory to celebrate the offical naming of Canberra. ...

The word Canberra is said to be derived from the various renditions into written English of the name of the indigenous people of the area, the Ngambri, one of a number of family groups that make up the Ngunnawal nation. The first non-Aboriginal landowner, Joshua John Moore, named his property "Canberry Station" and it was thus shown on the 1837 survey of the area conducted by James Larmer. Moore's name was one of the first English transcriptions of Ngambri. It has been suggested that Canberry was named after an English place name but no evidence, including any suggestion of a British locality connected with Moore, has been put forward for this view. Ngambri or Kamberri is the name of the ancestral group and their descendants after whom the capital of Australia, Canberra, is named. ...

Explanations have been put forward that the name means 'meeting place' in the Ngunnawal language, with reference to the various transcriptions of Kambera (alternatively spelt Kamberra, Nganbra or Nganbirra). Alternatively the name was apparently used as a reference to corroborees held during the seasonal migration of the Ngunawal people to feast on the Bogong moths that pass through the region each summer. Another explanation sometimes given, but less commonly accepted, is that the word comes from an Aboriginal word "Nganbra" meaning "hollow between a woman's breasts", and refers to the plain between Mount Ainslie and Black Mountain. The city of Canberra is named after the Ngunnawal word Kambera Ngunnawal language, language spoken by the Ngunnawal people, an Australian Aboriginal tribe who lived in the Canberra area. ... A Corroboree is a ceremonial meeting of Australian Aborigines. ... Binomial name Agrotis infusa (bogong moth) , Subspecies The Bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) is a temperate species of night-flying moth notable for appearing in major proportions around major public buildings in Canberra, the capital city of Australia, during spring (late September to November). ... Mount Ainslie Locality Map Mount Ainslie or Mount Ainslie-Majura is a part of Canberra Nature Park. ... Black Mountain is situated close to the central business district of Australias capital city Canberra. ...

The Molonglo River was recorded as the "Yeal-am-bid-gie" in 1820 by the explorer Charles Throsby. This was probably the collective Aboriginal name for the river. The Moolinggolah people of the district around Captains Flat probably gave the Molonglo its name. Where the river flowed through what is now Canberra, it was probably known after the Ngambri people, transcribed as Kembury, Canberry, and other transcription variations. Black swans on Molonglo River. ... Charles Throsby (1771 - 1828) was an Australian explorer who opend up much new land beyond the Blue Mountains. ... Captains Flat is a village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, in Palerang Shire. ...

Development and growth

King O'Malley drives the first peg at Canberra, 20 Feb 1913

Canberra's growth over the first few decades was slow, and Canberra was indeed far more a small country town than a capital before World War II. It was noted for being more trees and fields than houses. Cattle grazing near Parliament House was a common occurrence, something which amazed General Macarthur when he visited Canberra during World War II. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2139x1503, 2923 KB) King OMalley drives first peg in at Canberra. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2139x1503, 2923 KB) King OMalley drives first peg in at Canberra. ... King OMalley King OMalley (July 1858 - 20 December 1953), Australian politician, was one of the more colourful characters of the early federal period of Australian political history. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Foundation trowel

King O'Malley drove the first survey peg in the Canberra area on February 20, 1913 to mark commencement of work on the new city. On 12 March 1913, the city was officially given its name by Lady Denman, the wife of the then Governor-General Lord Denman at a ceremony at Kurrajong Hill, which has since become Capital Hill and the site of the present Parliament House. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 252 KB) Foundation trowel, National Capital Exhibition File links The following pages link to this file: Trowel History of Canberra ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 252 KB) Foundation trowel, National Capital Exhibition File links The following pages link to this file: Trowel History of Canberra ... Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Building of the capital began in what is now North and South Canberra. The pace was slower than expected because of the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and a dispute between Griffin and Federal government bureaucrats. In 1917, a Royal Commission determined that these individuals had undermined Griffin's authority by supplying false data to him, which he had used in carrying out his work. Ultimately, Griffin resigned from the Canberra design project in 1920, when he discovered that several of these bureaucrats had been appointed to the Federal Capital Advisory Committee formed to oversee Canberra's construction. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... The Federal Capital Advisory Committee was a body of the Australian government which oversaw the the construction of Canberra from 1921 to 1924 following the termination of the contract of architect Walter Burley Griffin. ...

Giles Street, Eastlake (now Kingston in 1928

Initially almost all construction work in the Capital was undertaken by the Government. Government built housing, required to house the public servants transferred from Melbourne, formed the basis for Canberra's first suburbs. The suburbs that were slowly built over the next several years included Parkes, Barton, Kingston, Manuka, Braddon and Reid. These suburbs often had other names - for instance, Kingston was originally known as Eastlake - before a formal renaming procedure took place in 1928. They were built largely in accordance to Walter Burley Griffin's designs for Canberra. The men who constructed these suburbs lived in a series of worker's camps, which consisted of tents and some brick cottages. Building materials were obtained from quarries in the North Canberra area. A temporary railroad was used to shift materials. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1714x913, 1206 KB) Giles street, Eastlake (now the canberra suburb of Kingston) 1928. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1714x913, 1206 KB) Giles street, Eastlake (now the canberra suburb of Kingston) 1928. ... Categories: Suburbs of Canberra (incomplete) | Suburbs of Canberra ... A government built house in the Belconnen district of Canberra Government built housing in Canberra and the Australian Capital Territory has a history stemming from the decision to build the National Capital in the bush. ... Categories: Suburbs of Canberra (incomplete) | Suburbs of Canberra ... Categories: Suburbs of Canberra (incomplete) | Suburbs of Canberra ... Categories: Suburbs of Canberra (incomplete) | Suburbs of Canberra ... Street in Manuka shops Manuka, in the suburb of Griffith, is a business and shopping centre in the Inner South district of Canberra, Australia. ... Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australia. ... Reid (postcode: 2612) is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The rail line between Canberra and Queanbeyan was constructed and opened for industrial use on May 25, 1914. It was later made available for public use in 1924. A formal foundation stone for the city was laid by the future Edward VIII on June 21, 1920. Government House in Yarralumla, the Prime Minister's Lodge, and what is now called the old Parliament House, were also built during this time. is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910–36), on 20... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

An internment camp for German World War I prisoners-of-war was established in 1918 in Canberra's eastern outskirts, in what is now Fyshwick. This camp instead housed mainly civilian internees transferred there from other locations such as Bourke, NSW between 1918 and 1919. It then became a worker's camp and residential area. In later years , this was closed down, and the roads that were used to service the camp became the first streets in Fyshwick. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Fyshwick locality map Fyshwick (postcode: 2609) is an industrial suburb of Canberra, located east of the South Canberra district. ...

The first blocks of land for residential and business use were sold by auction in December 12, 1924. The residents of these buildings went through a gruelling start to their occupancy when a flood struck the Canberra area in February 1925. The flood came as the result of the Molonglo River bursting its banks. The flooding threatened or damaged many buildings, and some drownings resulted. However, the community recovered. is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Canberra's first school, Telopea Park School, had already been opened in 1923. Public transport became available in July 1925 and two shopping areas were established at Manuka and Kingston in 1925. Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1927 saw a movie theatre being opened at Manuka and a Territory police force established. Also in 1927, the city centre was officially established. It was meant to be called Civic Centre, but then Prime Minister Stanley Bruce vetoed the idea and it became officially known as City Centre. However, City Centre is still commonly referred to as "Civic". Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rt Hon Stanley Bruce Stanley Melbourne Bruce (15 April 1883 - August 25, 1967), Australian politician and diplomat, later Viscount Bruce of Melbourne and Westminster, was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia. ...

Opening of Parliament House in May 1927

But 1927's most significant event was the opening of the provisional Parliament House (now known as the old Parliament House) on May 9, 1927. On this date also, Melbourne ceased being the national capital and seat of government and Canberra assumed this role. Amongst the first legislation dealt with in the new parliament house was an act to repeal O'Malley's prohibition laws. This took effect in 1928. parliamenthouse2 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... parliamenthouse2 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Canberra's workforce did not escape the Depression when it arrived in 1929. In 1930, 1800 labour force workers and about one seventh of Public Service staff in Canberra were retrenched. In the early 1930s, its growth ground to a complete halt, with even the government agency supervising its development being abolished for a time. In 1931, over 1000 unemployed men marched from the Esplanade to the Treasury Building in Perth, Western Australia to see Premier Sir James Mitchell. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...

Some major construction projects planned for the capital, including Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals, were not undertaken due to funds for their planned construction being diverted for relief of the depression. Having lost impetus as the city was being developed in the early years, neither denomination has built a major national centre of worship in the capital. Arms of the Anglican Church of Australia The Anglican Church of Australia, a member church of the Anglican Communion, was previously officially known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania (renamed in 1981). ... The Roman Catholic Church in Australia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. ...

However, the community continued to develop if not to grow, with the establishment of community facilities, such as a radio station (2CA) in 1931, which was initially run from a shop in the Kingston area. The planning and building of the Australian War Memorial under the supervision of war historian C.E.W Bean also began at this time. The memorial was eventually completed in 1941, and was opened on November 11 of that year. Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ...

Embassies and High Commissions began to establish themselves in Canberra during the 1930s. The United Kingdom appointed their first High Commissioner to Australia in 1936. Canada appointed a representative in 1937 and the United States of America opened a mission in 1939 with their first envoy presenting his credentials in 1940. The United States was the first mission to build its own chancery in 1943. In 1946 Australia and the US raised the rank of representatives exchanged by the two countries to that of Ambassador; the American Embassy thus becoming the first embassy to be established in Canberra. Other countries, such as Sweden, followed soon afterwards. This is a list of all countries that have Diplomatic missions in Canberra and which suburb they are located in. ... High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one nation state present in another nation state to represent the sending state in the receiving State. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

For all this, Canberra remained a small country town prior to World War II, far more rural than urban in its nature and size, with little to mark it as Australia's capital other than its Parliament House and the developing War Memorial. Its social centre remained the Kingston/Manuka area.

Post World War II

Canberra's Population

During and after World War II, Canberra began to grow more rapidly. The Australian War Memorial was opened in 1941, and the Australian National University in 1946. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1260x976, 39 KB) Summary Graph of Canberras population Created by Martyman in Illustrator based on info from the wikipedia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1260x976, 39 KB) Summary Graph of Canberras population Created by Martyman in Illustrator based on info from the wikipedia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Wartime conditions emphasied the need for an airport. On April 1, 1940, a military air base, RAAF Station Canberra, was established on a flat plain between Canberra and Queanbeyan. Later, this was renamed RAAF Fairbairn in memory of the Minister for Air, James V Fairbairn, who was killed with a number of other ministers and officials when an aircraft crashed into a nearby hill in dense fog on 13 August 1940. Canberra Airport was constructed in the 1960s, the military base and commercial airport sharing the same runway. is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 225th day of the year (226th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Canberra International Airport (IATA: CBR, ICAO: YSCB) is the airport serving Australias national capital, Canberra. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...

Parts of Canberra were the backdrop for Cold War espionage activity, highlighted during the 1954 Petrov Affair when a Soviet Union spy defected to Australia. Telopea Park in south Canberra was a known drop-off point for KGB spies based at the nearby USSR Embassy. This embassy was constantly monitored by ASIO agents based in the Kingston Hotel located across the street. There was also an ASIO listening post on the grounds of Canberra Grammar School. In 1991, with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the embassy grounds became the Russian Embassy. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Vladimir Petrov The Petrov Affair was a Cold War spy drama in Australia in April 1954, involving the defection of Vladimir Petrov, third secretary in the Soviet embassy in Canberra. ... Telopea Park Telopea Park is one of the oldest parks in Canberra, Australia. ... Canberra Grammar School (CGS) is an independent, day and boarding school for boys in the Red Hill suburb of Canberra, the capital of Australia. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

In March 1958 the National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) took over the planning and construction of Canberra. Under the control of the NCDC new districts, such as Woden and Tuggeranong, were established and slowly developed throughout the 1960s and 1970s to accommodate a growing population. The original design for Canberra did not extend beyond the central suburbs, and thus it was possible to design them to take better advantage of the land contours. Woden was established in 1964, Belconnen in 1967 and Tuggeranong in 1973. These additional districts helped to encourage large population growth between 1960 and 1975. The National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) was an Australian Commonwealth Government body created to complete the establishment of Canberra as the seat of government. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The construction of Lake Burley Griffin in central Canberra was started in the early 1960s, based largely on Walter Burley Griffin's original plans. A move to name it Lake Menzies, after the then Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies, was vetoed by Menzies himself. The lake was formed by Scrivener Dam, named after Charles Scrivener located at what is now the western end of Lake Burley Griffin. The dam was completed in 1963, and its valves closed on September 20, 1963, to allow the lake to form. However, the area was in drought at the time and the lake did not actually fill until April 1964 when the drought broke. This allowed the first event scheduled for the lake, a rowing championship, to take place. In 1970, the Captain Cook Fountain/Memorial Jet was added, as part of the celebrations held that year to mark the bicentenarary of the discovery of Australia's east coast by Captain James Cook. Sunset over Lake Burley Griffin, viewed from the Commonwealth Bridge Lake Burley Griffin is a lake in the centre of Canberra, Australias federal capital city. ... Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, FRS, QC (20 December 1894 – 15 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, serving eighteen and a half years. ... Charles Robert Scrivener (November 2, 1855 - September 26, 1923) was an Australian surveyor, and the person who surveyed numerous sites in New South Wales for the selection of a site for the Australian Capital Territory and Australias capital city Canberra. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Blue plaque for Captain James Cook Captain James Cook FRS RN (27 October 1728 (O.S.) – 14 February 1779) was an English explorer, navigator and cartographer. ...

In 1978, Bruce Stadium was opened. The High Court was formally opened in 1980 and the National Gallery of Australia in 1982. Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Canberra Stadium (originally known as Bruce Stadium) is a facility primarily used for the rugby codes, located adjacent to the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra, the capital of Australia. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... National Gallery of Australia The National Gallery of Australia is a major art gallery (museum) in Canberra, Australia. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 9 May 1988, a new larger Parliament House was opened on Capital Hill in State Circle, Parkes as part of Australia's bicentenary celebrations, and the Federal Parliament moved there from the provisional (60 years!) parliament house. is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

In December, 1988, the Australian Capital Territory was granted full self-government when an Act passed by Federal Parliament that made the Territory a body politic under the Crown was signed by Elizabeth II. On 11 May 1989, following the elections earlier that year, a 17-member Legislative Assembly sat at its offices in London Circuit, Civic. The first government was led by the Chief Minister Rosemary Follett. is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... The Chief Minister for the Australian Capital Territory is the head of government of the Australian Capital Territory. ... Rosemary Follett, Australian politician, was the first woman to become the head of government in an Australian state or territory. ...

21st century

2003 bushfires

In 2000, several Sydney 2000 soccer games were played at Bruce Stadium. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 115 KB) Canberra bushfires, 18/01/2003 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 115 KB) Canberra bushfires, 18/01/2003 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2000 Summer Olympics or the Millennium Games/Games of the New Millennium, officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, were the Summer Olympic Games held in 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ...

In 2001, the National Museum of Australia was opened. An unfortunate incident occurred in 1997 in which a local Canberra girl, Katie Bender, was killed by flying debris when the disused former Royal Canberra Hospital was demolished by explosion to make way for the new museum. A small memorial was erected to her memory at the spot at Lake Burley Griffin where she died. Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ...

On January 18, 2003, bushfires that had been burning in the remote wilderness west of Canberra broke containment lines and engulfed some of Canberra. 500 homes where destroyed before a change in the weather brought the fire under control. The suburb of Duffy was hit especially hard, with some 200 homes destroyed. Four people died in the fire and many more were injured. is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 Canberra bushfires The Canberra bushfires of 2003 were the worst fires in Canberras history and caused severe damage to the outskirts of the Australian capital city. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ... Duffy (postcode: 2611) is a suburb in the Canberra district of Weston Creek. ...

The development of Canberra is ongoing. Major new works under construction in recent years include the Gungahlin Town Centre, City West Precinct and the Kingston Foreshores Development. On March 5, 2004, the Canberra Spatial plan for Canberra's future development was released.Canberra spatial plan As of 2005 plans are under development for a new Canberra district to be situated west of Lake Burley Griffin on land vacated by a burned pine plantation. Gungahlin Marketplace from the intersection of Hibberson street and Gungahlin place Gungahlin Marketplace logo Gungahlin Town Centre, town centre in the Canberra district of Gungahlin The town centre has a shopping mall with supermarket and a number of other stores, but is smaller than other malls in Canberra. ... City Walk, a pedestrian mall in Civic is a focus of retail activity and outdoor dining. ... Categories: Suburbs of Canberra (incomplete) | Suburbs of Canberra ... This article is about the day. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sunset over Lake Burley Griffin, viewed from the Commonwealth Bridge Lake Burley Griffin is a lake in the centre of Canberra, Australias federal capital city. ...

See also

• History of the Australian Capital Territory
• People from Canberra

The History of the Australian Capital Territory details the Australian Capital Territorys development from before white settlement to Canberras planning by the Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin and subsequent development to the present day. ...

References

External links

• An Ideal City: the Competition to Design Canberra
• Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002 Year Book Australia: Special Article - The Australian Capital Territory - Canberra - Fifty Years of Development