This article is about the History of Cyprus. The Prehistoric Period is the oldest part of Cypriote history. ... Alashiya was an important state during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages. ... The Ancient History of Cyprus covers the period between 721 BC and the Middle Ages. ... The Ancient History of Cyprus covers the period between 721 BC and the Middle Ages. ... The Ancient History of Cyprus covers the period between 721 BC and the Middle Ages. ... The Ancient History of Cyprus covers the period between 721 BC and the Middle Ages. ... The Ancient History of Cyprus covers the period between 721 BC and the Middle Ages. ... The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half. ... The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half. ... The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the late Middle Ages. ... The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half. ... In 1570, the Turks first occupied Cyprus, and Lala Mustafa Pasha became the first Turkish Governor of Cyprus, challenging the claims of Venice. ... In 1878 as the result of the Cyprus Convention, the United Kingdom took over the government of Cyprus as a protectorate from the Ottoman Empire. ... HIStory: Past, Present and Future – Book I is a two-disc album by Michael Jackson released in 1995 by the Epic Records division of Sony BMG. The first disc (HIStory Begins) is a fifteen-track greatest hits (later released as Greatest Hits - HIStory Volume I), while the second disc (HIStory...

The name

The metal copper is named after Cyprus. The Romans called it aes Cyprium, the 'metal of Cyprus', which was shortened to cyprium and then corrupted to cuprum. The ancient Greek word for copper is chalkos. For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ...

Etymology

The name Cyprus has a somewhat uncertain etymology. One suggestion is that it comes from the Greek word for the cypress tree (Cupressus sempervirens), κυπάρισσος (kypárissos) or even from the Greek name of the henna plant (Lawsonia alba), κύπρος (kýpros). Another school suggests that it stems from the Eteocypriot already given its name to the Classical Latin word for the metal, which appears in the phrase aes Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum. ^[1] Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... Cypress is the name applied to many plants in the conifer family Cupressaceae (cypress family). ... Binomial name Cupressus sempervirens L. Cupressus sempervirens, the Mediterranean Cypress, is a species of cypress native to the eastern Mediterranean region, in northeast Libya, southeast Greece (Crete, Rhodes), southern Turkey, Cyprus, western Syria, Lebanon and western Jordan, and also a disjunct population in Iran. ... Henna (Lawsonia inermis, syn. ... Henna (Lawsonia inermis, syn. ... Eteocypriot was a language spoken in Iron Age Cyprus. ... Classical Latin is the language used by the principal exponents of that language in what is usually regarded as classical Latin literature. ...

Prehistory

Main article: Cyprus (Prehistory)

• ca. 8500 BC: Possible first human settlement by epipalaeolithic hunters and gatherers at Aetokremnos possibly arriving from Rumelia
• 7000-5300 BC: Neolithic
  • ca. 7000: Settlement of the island by Neolithic farmers from the Levant (PPN B) who introduced domesticated wheat, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and fallow deer, wild foxes and tamed cats.
  • 6th Millennium: aceramic Khirokitia-culture with round houses
  • 4500-4000: first pottery produced during the Sotira-Phase
• 4000-2500 Chalcolithic
  • Erimi-Phase (Chalcolithic I), copper known, but used sparingly
  • Ambelikou/Ayios Georghios (Chalcolithic II)
• 2700-1050 Bronze Age
  • 2700-1900: Early Bronze age. First rectangular houses, re-introduction of cattle from Middle East, introduction of plough. Phoenician and Assyrian influences
  • Enkomi-phase: first cities, Systematic copper mining and trade
• 1900-1600: Middle Bronze Age
• 1600-1050: Late Bronze Age.
• 1400 BC Mycenaeans reach the island as settlers. First use of The Cypriot syllabic scriptin (LCIB).
  • 1300-1200 Several waves of Achaean Greeks come to settle on the island bringing with them the Greek language, their religion, their customs. BC Late Cypriot (LC) IIC, local prosperity, re-building of cities.
  • 1200-1100 BC: end of the late Bronze Age (LCIIIA). Local production Mycenaean pottery
  • 1100-1050: latest bronze Age (LCIIIB,), introduction of a new type of grave, Mycenean influences in pottery decoration.
  • 1125-1050: Submycenean period.
• 1050-700: Iron Age
• 1050-750: Geometric period

The Prehistoric Period is the oldest part of Cypriote history. ... The Epipalaeolithic (or Epi-Palaeolithic, Epipaleolithic, or Epi-Paleolithic) was a period in the development of human technology that immediately precedes the neolithic period, as an alternative to mesolithic. ... Aetokremnos is a rock shelter near Limassol on the southern coast of Cyprus. ... Map of Rumelia as of 1801 Rumelia (turkish: Rum: Roman El: Land Rumeli: Lands of Rome), the area that was the East Roman or Byzantine Empire, a name commonly used, from the 15th century onwards, to denote the part of the Balkan Peninsula subject to the Ottoman Empire. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ... The Levant Levant is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758) The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small domesticated carnivorous mammal. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Phoenician sarcophagus found in Cadiz, Spain; now in Archaeological Museum of Cádiz. ... Assyrian may refer to: List of Assyrian settlements Anything from Assyria, an ancient empire in Mesopotamia Anything from Assyria (Roman province), a province of the Roman Empire Assyrian people, a present-day Middle Eastern ethnic group Several Christian denominations: Assyrian Church of the East Assyrian Church of the Easts... Mycenaean Greece, the last phase of the Bronze Age in ancient Greece, is the historical setting of the epics of Homer and much other Greek mythology. ... The Cypriot syllabary is a syllabic script used in Cyprus up to the 4th century B.C, when it was replaced with the Greek alphabet. ... This article is about the ancient people of the Achaeans. ... Mycenaean Greece, the last phase of the Bronze Age in ancient Greece, is the historical setting of the epics of Homer and much other Greek mythology. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...

Ancient history

Main article: Cyprus (Ancient history)

• 750 SILKE EN EILEEN RULES (H) * 750 King Evagoras of Salamis (who ruled from 411-374 BC) rebels against Persia and unifies the island city Kingdoms become one. After a great siege has to conclude peace with Persia and loses control of the whole island.
• 709 BC: Assyrian conquest of Cyprus by king Sargon II (721-705 BC) of Assyria.
• 669/663 BC: Independent city-kingdoms
• 570 BC: conquest by the Egyptians under Amasis.
• Around 500 BC: first Cypriote coins, using the Persian weight system.
• 499 BC: Kingdoms of Cyprus take part in the Ionian rising under Onesilos of Salamis.
• Defeat of the Cypriote kings, re-conquest of the island.
• Around 450 BC: increased importance of Kition.
• 450 BC: Phoenician rulers in Salamis
• 411 BC: The Teucrid Evagoras I regains the throne of Salamis.
• around 400 BC: Evagoras attempts an independent rule on Cyprus with Athenian help.
• Ca. 380 BC: Persian reconquest,
• 386 BC: treaty of Antakidas, Persian rule over Cyprus accepted by Athens.
• 350 BC: Cypriote rebellion, crushed by Artaxerxes in 344.
• 351-332 BC: Pythagoras of Salamis and other Cypriote kings go over to Alexander The Great during the siege of Tyre.
• 331-310 BC: Nicocreon
• 310-306 BC: Menelaos is made satrap of Cyprus.
• 306-301 BC: Antigonus
• 301-30 BC Ptolemaic Lagid Dynasty
• 116 BC Ptolemy Philometor sent to Cyprus by his mother Cleopatra
• 109 BC Alexander the brother of Ptolemy IX Lathyros sent to Cyprus by his mother Cleopatra.
• 107 BC Alexander returns from Cyprus and is made king of Egypt. Ptolemy campaigns in Palestine.
• 58 BC Cyprus becomes a Roman province.
• 51 BC Cyprus placed under the rule of Cleopatra by Julius Caesar.
• 30 BC Cyprus reverts to Roman rule. (The people of Cyprus under the Romans)
• 45 Paul of Tarsus, St Barnabas and St Mark introduce Christianity to Cyprus and convert the Roman governor Sergius Paulus
• 115-116: A messianic Jewish revolt results in the massacre of 240,000 Cypriots. Trajan intervenes to restore the peace and expels the Jews from Cyprus.
• 335: The revolt of the usurper Calocaerus is omated by Flavius Dalmatius.
• c.350 Salamis is rebuilt by Constantius II the son of Constantine after being destroyed by earthquakes and is renamed Constantia.

The Ancient History of Cyprus covers the period between 721 and the Middle Ages. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Sargon II, captor of Samaria, with a dignitary Sargon II (ܣܪܓܘܢ in Syriac) (r. ... Relief from Assyrian capital of Dur Sharrukin, showing transport of Lebanese cedar (8th century BC) In the earliest historical times, the term Assyria (Syriac:ܐܬܘܖ̈) referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur. ... Amasis II (also Ahmose or Ah-mes) was a pharaoh (570 - 526 BC) of the 26th dynasty, the successor of Wahibre. ... The Ionian Revolts were triggered by the actions of Aristagoras, the tyrant of the Ionian city of Miletus at the end of the 6th century BC and the beginning of the 5th century BC. They constituted the first major conflict between Greece and Persia. ... Larnaca, or Larnaka, is a city on the southeast coast of Cyprus. ... Phoenician sarcophagus found in Cadiz, Spain; now in Archaeological Museum of Cádiz. ... Euagoras was the king of Salamis (410 - 374 BC) in Cyprus. ... Salamis was an ancient city-state on the east coast of Cyprus, at the mouth of the river Pedieos, 6 km North of Famagusta. ... Nickname: City of Athena or Cradle of Democracy Location of the city of Athens (red dot) within the Prefecture of Athens and Periphery of Attica Coordinates: Country Greece Peripheries Attica Prefecture Athens Founded 2000 BC Mayor Nikitas Kaklamanis as of 2007 Area    - City 39 km²  - Urban 427 km²  - Metro 3... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau (Irān - Land of the Aryans[1]) and beyond. ... Nickname: City of Athena or Cradle of Democracy Location of the city of Athens (red dot) within the Prefecture of Athens and Periphery of Attica Coordinates: Country Greece Peripheries Attica Prefecture Athens Founded 2000 BC Mayor Nikitas Kaklamanis as of 2007 Area    - City 39 km²  - Urban 427 km²  - Metro 3... Artaxerxes was the name of several rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia: Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Arses of Persia is believed to have taken the royal title of Artaxerxes IV. Bessus, the Persian nobleman who murdered Darius III of Persia, renamed himself Artaxerxes when he claimed the... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... The Triumphal Arch Tyre (Arabic , Phoenician , Hebrew Tzor, Tiberian Hebrew , Akkadian , Greek Týros) is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. ... Nicocreon (in Greek Nικoκρεων; lived 4th century BC) was king of Salamis in Cyprus, at the time of Alexander the Greats (336–323 BC) expedition against Persia. ... Antigonus may refer to: Three Macedonian kings of the Antigonid dynasty that succeeded Alexander the Great in Asia: Antigonus I Monophthalmus (382–301 BC) Antigonus II Gonatas (319–239 BC) Antigonus III Doson (263–221 BC) Antigonus of Sokho, Jewish scholar of the third century BC. Antigonus the Hasmonean (died... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC 26 BC... Ptolemy, one of Alexander the Greats generals, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexanders death in 323 BC. In 305 BC he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as Soter (saviour). ... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC - 110s BC - 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC Years: 121 BC 120 BC 119 BC 118 BC 117 BC - 116 BC - 115 BC 114 BC... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC - 100s BC - 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC Years: 114 BC 113 BC 112 BC 111 BC 110 BC - 109 BC - 108 BC 107 BC... Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros (chickpea) was king of Egypt three times, from 116 BC to 110 BC, 109 BC to 107 BC and 88 BC to 81 BC, with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander. ... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC - 100s BC - 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC Years: 112 BC 111 BC 110 BC 109 BC 108 BC - 107 BC - 106 BC 105 BC... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55... Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48... Gāius JÅ«lius Caesar (IPA: ;[1]), July 12 or July 13, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in world history. ... Events Roman Empire Galba becomes the commander of Legio III Augusta. ... Paul of Tarsus (b. ... Barnabas was an early Christian mentioned in the New Testament. ... Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark, drawing much of his material from Peter. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Events Roman Empire Trajan was cut off in southern Mesopotamia after his invasion of that region and captures of the Parthian capital Ctesiphon. ... Events Roman Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empires eastern expansion. ... The Kitos War (115—117) is the name given to the second of the Jewish-Roman wars. ... Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53–August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98–117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire. ... Calocaerus (d. ... Flavius Dalmatius was the son of Constantius Chlorus and Flavia Maximiana Theodora, and thus half-brother of the Emperor Constantine I. Dalmatius spent his youth in the Gallic Tolosa. ... Events January 18 - Magnentius proclaimed Emperor by the army in Autun. ... Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II, (7 August 317 - 3 November 361) was a Roman Emperor (337 - 361) of the Constantinian dynasty. ... Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on...

Middle Ages

Main article: Cyprus (Middle Ages)

• 395 AD Cyprus becomes part of the Byzantine Empire.
• 647 The Arabs invade Cyprus under Muawiya and occupy it.
• 683 The Arab garrison is withdrawn after the Arabs are defeated by Constantine IV.
• 688 Emperor Justinian II and Caliph al-Malik sign a treaty. No garrisons stationed in the island, and the collected taxes being divided among the Arabs and the Emperor.
• 965 Cyprus is restored to Byzantine rule by Nicepheros Phokas
• 1185-1192 Cyprus independent Empire under Isaak Comnenus
• 1192 Cyprus captured by Richard I of England whilst on his way to Acre. The island is sold to the Templar Order, who in turn sell it to Guy of Lusignan.
• 1193 Birth of Altheides of Cyprus, the traveling philosopher.
• 1192-1489 Guy of Lusignan and his descendants rule Cyprus as an independent kingdom.
• 1489-1571 Cyprus becomes an overseas colony of the Venetian Republic after having been purchased from the last member of the Lusignan dynasty.
• 1571 Having been put under siege the previous year, Famagusta is captured and Cyprus is under Ottoman Empire rule. First Ottoman settlers.

The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Muawiya was the name of two Ummayad caliphs. ... Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 to 1199. ... The Seal of the Knights Templar This article is about the medieval military order. ... Guy of Lusignan (c. ... Altheides (1193–1262) was a Cypriot philosopher, primarily known from sayings attributed to him in the works of others. ... Guy of Lusignan (c. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Ottoman Empire

Main article: Cyprus (Ottoman Empire)

• 1571 The Ottomans take Famagusta, Cyprus becomes a part of the Ottoman Empire. Greeks on the island of Cyprus side with Venetians to fight off attacking Ottomans.
• 1572-1668 Twenty eight bloody uprisings.
• 1625-1700 Great depopulation of Cyprus. The plague wipes out over half of the population
• 1821 Greek Cypriots side with Greece in a revolt against Turkish rule. The island's leading churchmen are executed as punishment. 20,000 Christians flee the island.
• 1869 The Suez Canal opens.

Ottoman Period In 1570, the Turks first occupied the island, and Lala Mustafa Pasha became the first Turkish Governor of Cyprus, challenging the claims of Venice. ... Events January 11 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... 1668 (MDCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... The coronation banquet for George IV 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Ships moored at El Ballah during transit The Suez Canal (Arabic: ‎, translit: ), is a large artificial maritime canal in Egypt west of the Sinai Peninsula. ...

Modern history

Main article: Modern history of Cyprus

In 1878 as the result of the Cyprus Convention, the United Kingdom took over the government of Cyprus as a protectorate from the Ottoman Empire. ...

Overview

Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, Cyprus was annexed by Britain in 1925 and made a crown colony. Between 1955-59 EOKA was created by Greek Cypriots and led by George Grivas to perform enosis (union of the island with Greece). However the EOKA campaign did not result union with Greece but rather an independent republic, The Republic of Cyprus, in 1960. {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks... EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (Greek National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of British troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The word Ένωσις (enosis) is Greek for union. ...

In 1960 Turkish Cypriots were only the 18% of the Cypriot population. However, the 1960 constitution carried important safeguards for the participation of Turkish Cypriots to the state affairs, like vice-president being Turkish Cypriot, 30% of parliament being Turkish Cypriot, etc. Archbishop Makarios would be the President and Dr Fazil Kucuk would become Vice President. One of the articles in the constitution was the creation of separate local municipalities so that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could manage their own municipalities in the big towns. This article of the constitution has never been implemented by the Republic and president Archbishop Makarios. In response to the Greek-backed coup Turkey invaded the island in 1974 and seized the northern third of the island, Turkish Cypriots in the south would travel north and Greek Cypriots in the north would move south. The de facto state of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in 1975 under the name "Turkish Federated State of Northern Cyprus". The name was changed to its present form on 15 November 1983. The only country to formally recognise The "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" is Turkey. Turkey repeatedly violates numerous UN Resolutions "[1]" and refers to the Republic of Cyprus as the "Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus" and refuse formal recognition against the international and European law. Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... The President of Cyprus is the countrys head of state. ... Dr Fazil Küçük (1906-1984) was the first and only Turkish Cypriot Vice President of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus. ... In 1974, a coup detat by Greek Army officers stationed on the Mediterranian island of Cyprus, tried to overthrow the then-President Makarios. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Greek Cypriot refers to the Greek-speaking population of Cyprus. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı  (Turkish) Independence March Capital LefkoÅŸa (Nicosia) Turkish Government Representative democratic republic[1]  - President Mehmet Ali Talat  - Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Sovereignty from Republic of Cyprus (de facto)   - Proclaimed November 15, 1983   - Recognition Only by Turkey and OIC  Area  - Total 3,355 km² (not ranked...

Timeline

• 1878-1960: British occupation. The British take over the administration of the island, ceded by the Ottomans, for its strategic value, to protect their sea route to India via the Suez Canal. In exchange, Britain agrees to help Turkey against future Russian attacks.
• Crown commissioners:
  • Sir Robert Biddulph (1880-?)
  • Sir Walter Sendall (1892-1898)
  • Sir Charles King-Harman (1904-1910)
• 1914: Cyprus is annexed by Britain when Turkey joins with Germany and Austro-Hungary in World War I.
• 1925: Cyprus becomes a British Crown Colony.
• Governors:
  • Sir Richmond Palmer
• 1931: First serious riots of Cypriots demanding Enosis, the union with Greece. The government-house in Nicosia is burned down and martial law is declared afterwards and the legislative council is abolished. The display of the Greek flag and the Greek National Anthem were banned. British come up with the terms "Greek Cypriot" and "Turkish Cypriot" and use the latter against the "Greek Cypriot" so as to cease Enosis demands.
• 1939: Greek Cypriots (~85% of population) fight with the British in World War II, demanding Enosis when the war is over. The Turkish Cypriots (~15% of population), want the British rule to continue.
• 1946-1949: Thousands of displaced Jews are sent to camps on Cyprus by the British Government.
• 1950: Archbishop Makarios III is elected as political and spiritual leader. Makarios becomes the head of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church and heads the campaign for Enosis with the support of Greece.
• 1955: A series of bomb attacks starts a violent campaign for Enosis by EOKA (National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) led by George Grivas, an ex-colonel in Greek army, born in Cyprus. Grivas takes name of Dighenis, and conducts guerrilla warfare from a secret hideout in the Troodos Mountains. He is estimated to have 300 men at maximum, yet successfully plagues 20,000 British troops and 4,500 police.
• 1956: Britain deports Makarios to the Seychelles in attempt to quell the revolt. Turkish Cypriots are used as auxiliaries of British Security Forces. Some Turkish Cypriots become informants of the British Colonists and become one of the major targets of the EOKA.
• 1957: Field Marshal Sir John Harding is replaced by the civilian governor Sir Hugh Foot in a conciliatory move.
• 1958: Turkish Cypriots are alarmed by British conciliation and begin demands for partition. There are inter-communal clashes and attacks on British.
• 1960: British, Greek and Turkish governments sign a Treaty of Guarantee to provide for an independent Cypriot state within the Commonwealth of Nations and allowing for the retention of two Sovereign Base Areas of Dhekelia and Akrotiri. Under the treaty, each power has the right to take military action in the face of any threat to the constitution. Cyprus becomes independent of foreign rule. Archbishop Makarios, (Greek Cypriot) becomes the first President, Dr Kutchuk (Turkish Cypriot) Vice-President. Both have the right of veto. Turkish Cypriots, who form 18% of the population, are guaranteed vice-presidency, three out of ten ministerial posts and 30% of jobs in the public service, 40% in the army and separate municipal services in the five major towns. Overall, a very complex constitution is drafted, including a lot of decisions to be taken by majority of votes overall as well as within each community.
• 1963-1973: Greek Cypriots view the constitution as unworkable and propose changes abolishing all veto rights and many ethnic clauses; these proposals are rejected by Turkish Cypriots and the Turkish government. Inter-communal fighting erupts. Tylliria is bombarded with napalm bombs [2]. A UN Peace Keeping Force is sent in, but is powerless to prevent incidents. Thousands of Turkish Cypriots retreat into enclaves and are embargoed by the Greeks Cypriots. The UN attempts to supply them with food and medicine. The Turks are to remain in the enclaves for the next 11 years until the partition of the island in 1974.
• 1974: On 15 July the military government (junta) in Greece with the support of the CIA and American national security advisor Henry Kissinger orders a coup by the Greek National guard to overthrow Makarios who they see as being too pro-Russian. Makarios is forced to flee to the British base. A puppet regime is imposed under Nikos Sampson, a former EOKA fighter and paid CIA operative.
  • Five days after the coup on 20 July Turkish Turkey invades Cyprus and captures 3% of the islands territory around the town of Kyrenia, driving out the Greek Cypriot population.
  • Three days later the coup is put down and democracy is restored.
  • On 14 August after UN talks break down it lands 40,000 troops on the north coast. 200,000 Greek Cypriots Flee to the South, while Turkish Cypriots are forced to leave their homes in the South. Turkish forces are left in control of 37% of the island. Facing threats from Turkey the United Nations and the Cyprus government agree to allow the Turkish Cypriots living in the free areas to be transferred by the UN and British SBA authorities to the occupied north against their will.
• 1975: Turks announce a Federate State in the north, with Rauf Denktaş as leader. UN Forces stay as buffer between the two zones.
• 1977: Makarios dies, having been restored as President of Greek Cyprus after 1974. He is succeeded by Spyros Kyprianou.
• 1983: The Turkish Federated State declares itself independent as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), with Denktaş as President. The new state is not recognised by any country except Turkey and officially boycotted.
• 1992-1995: UN sponsored talks between the two sides run into the sand, but with a commitment to resume.
• 2001: The European Court of Human Rights finds Turkey guilty of continuing human rights violations against the Greek Cypriots, and the Turkish Cypriots also.
• 2003: Cyprus is set to join the European Union in May 2004. Renewed negotiations about the status of the island take place.
  • On 23 April 2003, the line which divides the two parts of Cyprus was partly opened. Thousands of Turkish and Greek Cypriots cross the buffer zone to the "other side" after 30 years.
• 24 April 2004 The Annan Plan for unification is rejected by the majority of Greek Cypriots in a bipartisan referendum.
  • The sovereign Republic of Cyprus joins the EU on 1 May but the EU acquis is suspended in the occupied north.

1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Ships moored at El Ballah during transit The Suez Canal (Arabic: ‎, translit: ), is a large artificial maritime canal in Egypt west of the Sinai Peninsula. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... The word Ένωσις (enosis) is Greek for union. ... Platia Eleftherias (Freedom square) Nicosia, Cyprus Satellite photo of Nicosia, Cyprus Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (Greek: Λευκωσία , also colloquially Khora, Χώρα or Turkish: LefkoÅŸa) is the capital and largest city of Cyprus. ... Flag Ratio: 2:3 (Naval Flag 1822-1828, Sea Flag 1828-1969; 1975-1978, National Flag 1969-1975; 1978 to date) The flag of Greece is based on nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white. ... The Hymn to Freedom (Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν, Imnos is tin Eleftherian) is a poem written by Dionýsios Solomós in 1823 that consists of 158 stanzas. ... Greek Cypriot refers to the Greek-speaking population of Cyprus. ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish, as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ... Greek Cypriot refers to the Greek-speaking population of Cyprus. ... The word Ένωσις (enosis) is Greek for union. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Greek Cypriot refers to the Greek-speaking population of Cyprus. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... The word Ένωσις (enosis) is Greek for union. ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish, as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Makarios was the adopted name of Mikhalis Khristodoulou Mouskos (August 13, 1913 - August 3, 1977). ... In hierarchical Christian churches, especially Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. ... The ancient Church of Cyprus is one of the fourteen or fifteen independent (autocephalous) Eastern Orthodox churches, which are in communion and in doctrinal agreement with one another but not all subject to one patriarch. ... The word Ένωσις (enosis) is Greek for union. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (Greek National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of British troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Troodos is the biggest mountain range of Cyprus, located in the center of the island. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Those who supply information to enforcers of law or administration. ... EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (Greek National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of British troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... The Right Honouarable Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot, Baron Caradon PC, (October 8, 1907 - September 5, 1990), was a British diplomat who oversaw moves to independence in various colonies and was UK representative to the United Nations. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... The 1960 Treaty of Guarantee was a pact designed to preserve the territorial independence of the Republic of Cyprus. ... The Commonwealth of Nations (CN), usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, the majority of which are former colonies of the United Kingdom. ... The UK Sovereign Base Areas are those British military base areas located in countries formerly ruled by the United Kingdom which were retained by it and not handed over when those countries attained independence. ... Map of Akrotiri (Western) SBA Akrotiri (also known as the Western Sovereign Base Area or WSBA) and Dhekelia (also known as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area or ESBA) are UK Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) in Cyprus, a former British Crown Colony. ... Makarios was the adopted name of Mikhalis Khristodoulou Mouskos (August 13, 1913 - August 3, 1977). ... The word veto comes from Latin and literally means I forbid. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was established in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American diplomat, Nobel laureate and statesman. ... Nikos Sampson (1935 – May 9, 2001) was the coup détat-installed dictator of Cyprus, after the overthrow of President Makarios in 1974. ... EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (Greek National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that fought for the expulsion of British troops from the island, for self-determination and for union with Greece in the mid to late 1950s. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... In 1974, a coup detat by Greek Army officers stationed on the Mediterranian island of Cyprus, tried to overthrow the then-President Makarios. ... Kyrenia Harbour on a summer night Kyrenia Castle at Night Kyrenia Castle Bellapais Abbey inner court Kyrenia (Greek: Κερύνεια Keryneia ; Turkish: Girne) is a town in the north part of Cyprus. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Rauf R. DenktaÅŸ Rauf Raif DenktaÅŸ (pronounced Denktash; born January 27, 1924) is a Turkish Cypriot political leader. ... UN Buffer Zone on Cyprus The UN Buffer Zone on Cyprus is a 300 km (187 mile) separation barrier along the 1974 Green Line (or ceasefire line) between the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou (or Cyprianou) (October 28, 1932 – March 12, 2002) was a Cypriot politician. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 2001. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... States colour-shaded according to entry (darkest being earliest) The European Union originally consisted of six member states. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths in May • 28 Gerald Anthony • 27 Umberto Agnelli • 22 Richard Biggs • 20 Len Murray • 17 Tony Randall • 17 Ezzedine Salim • 9 Alan King • 9 Akhmad Kadyrov • 8... April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Annan Plan was a United Nations proposal to bring about the reunification of the divided island nation of Cyprus as the United Cyprus Republic. ... The two sectors of the divided island of Cyprus held a referendum on reunification on 24 April 2004. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... The French term acquis (or sometimes acquis communautaire) is used in European Union law to refer to the total body of EU law accumulated so far. ...

See also

• List of cities in Cyprus
• Kingdom of Cyprus

This is a list of cities in Cyprus. ... The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the late Middle Ages. ...

Further reading

1. History, general
   • C. D. Cobham, Excerpta Cypria: materials for a history of Cyprus (Cambridge 1908). Nice Collection of written sources.
   • D. Hunt, Footprints in Cyprus (London, Trigraph 1990).
2. Prehistory
   • Vassos Karageorghis, Cyprus (1969). Includes bibliography.
   • Veronica Tatton-Brown, Cyprus BC: 7000 years of history (London, British Museum 1979).
   • Stuart Swiny, Earliest Prehistory of Cyprus (American School of Oriental Research 2001) ISBN 0-89757-051-0
   • J. M. Webb/D. Frankel, "Characterising the Philia facies. Material culture, chronology and the origins of the Bronze age in Cyprus" in American Journal of archaeology 103, 1999, 3-43.
   • S. Gitin/A. Mazar/E. Stern (eds.), Mediterranean peoples in transition, thirteenth to early 10th century BC (Jerusalem, Israel exploration Society 1998). Late Bronze Age and transition to the Iron Age.
   • J. D. Muhly, "The role of the Sea People in Cyprus during the LCIII period. In: Vassos Karageorghis and J. D. Muhly (eds), Cyprus at the close of the Bronze Age (Nicosia 1984), 39-55. End of Bronze Age
3. Classical Period, Sources
   • Herodotus, "The Histories"
   • Isocrates, "Nicocles"
   • Diodorus Siculus, "Bibliothiki" (Library)
   • Arrian, "The Campaigns of Alexander the Great"
4. Mediavial Age
   • Angel Nicolaou-Konnari (Ed): Cyprus. Society and culture (1191 - 1374); Leiden : Brill, 2005. - XVI, 403 S., ISBN 90-04-14767-5
5. History, 20th century
   • C. Spyridiakis, The education policy of the English government in Cyprus (1878-1954).
   • C. Spyridiakis, A brief history of Cyprus.
6. Mythology
   • Apollodorus, "Bibliothiki" (Library)
   • Pausanias, "Description of Greece"
   • Ovid, "Metamorphosis"

Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: , Herodotos Halikarnasseus) was a Dorian Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC - ca. ... Isocrates (436–338 BC), Greek rhetorician. ... Diodorus Siculus (c. ... Alexander the Great Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (c. ... Apollodorus was a common name in ancient Greece. ... Pausanias (Greek: ) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. ... Engraved frontispiece of George Sandyss 1632 London edition of Publius Ovidius Naso (Sulmona, March 20, 43 BC â€“ Tomis, now Constanta AD 17) Roman poet known to the English-speaking world as Ovid, wrote on topics of love, abandoned women, and mythological transformations. ...

External links

• "Cyprus, as I Saw it in 1879" by Samuel W. Baker.
• Cyprus - an island divided - Interactive guide from The Guardian beginning with the Turkish invasion of 1974.
• Cyprus/copper
• Cyprus History