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Historical map of Central Asia Contents 1 Early History 2 Origins of the Kyrgyz People 3 Early Medieval Times 4 Mongol Domination 5 Timurids and Uzbeks 6 Russian Empire 7 The Soviet Era 8 Independent Kyrgyzstan 9 Notes and References Download high resolution version (800x605, 211 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (800x605, 211 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia (Russian: Средняя Азия/Srednyaya Azia for Middle Asia or Центральная Азия/Tsentralnaya Azia for Central Asia; in Turkic languages Orta Asya; in Persian آسياى مرکزی; (Urdu: وسطى ايشيا)Wasti Asia; Standard Mandarin Chinese... Early History Stone implements found in the Tian Shan mountains indicate the presence of human society in what is now Kyrgyzstan as many as 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. The first written records of a civilization in the area occupied by Kyrgyzstan appear in Chinese chronicles beginning about 2000 B.C. The Tian Shan (Chinese: 天山; Pinyin: Tiān Shān; celestial mountains) mountain range is located in Central Asia, in the border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of western China. ... Origins of the Kyrgyz People The earliest ancestors of Altaic peoples, the Xiongnu tribes, originally inhabited a region in the northwest of present-day Mongolia. Altaic is a putative language family which would include 60 languages spoken by about 250 million people, mostly in and around central Asia. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... The forebears of the present-day Kyrgyz are believed to have been either southern Samoyed or Yeniseyan Altaic tribes. The homeland of these proto-Kyrgyz was the upper Yenisey River and Sayan Mountains of southern Siberia in what is now modern Khakassia and Tuva. First appearing in Chinese records of the Grand Historian as Gekun or Jiankun (鬲昆 or 隔昆), and later as part of the Tiele tribes, they were once under the rule of Gokturks and Uyghurs. After they defeated the Uyghurs in the 9th century, the Uyghurs began to migrate to Xinjiang. The Kyrgyz started moving to the area of present-day Kyrgyzstan from the Yenisey River region in central Siberia in the 10th century. Ethnographers dispute their Yeniseyan origin, however, because of the very close cultural and linguistic connections between Kyrgyz and Kazaks. A great Kyrgyz-led tribal confederation flourished in the 10th century. By the 12th century, however, Kyrgyz dominion had shrunk to the region of the Sayan Mountains, northwest of present-day Mongolia, and the Altai Range on the present-day border of China and Mongolia. In the same period, other Kyrgyz tribes were moving across a wide area of Central Asia, mingling with other ethnic groups. Samoyed may refer to: the Samoyed, an obsolete name of Nenets people of Siberia. ... Altaic is a putative language family which would include 60 languages spoken by about 250 million people, mostly in and around central Asia. ... The Dingling/Gaoche/Chile/Tiele (丁零/高車/æ••å‹’/铁勒) peoples were an ancient Siberian people. ... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. ... Uyghurs (also called Uighurs, Uygurs, or Uigurs) (Chinese:维吾尔 or 維吾爾 ; in pinyin: wéiwúěr) are a Turkic ethnic group of people living in northwestern China (mainly in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, where they are the dominant ethnic group together with Han people), Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. ... The Sayan Mountains (Russian, Sayanskiy Khrebet) is a mountain range in southern Siberia, Asia, forming the eastern continuation of the Sailughem or Altay range, stretching from 89° E to 106° E. Orographically they are the N border-ridge of the plateau of NW Mongolia, and separate that region from Siberia. ... Early Medieval Times The first Turks to form a state in the territory of Central Asia (including Kyrgyzstan) were Göktürks or Kök-Türks. Known in medieval Chinese sources as Tujue (突厥 tú jué), the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. 552) and his sons established the first known Turkic state around 552 in the general area of territory that had earlier been occupied by the Huns, and expanded rapidly to rule wide territories in Central Asia. The Göktürks split in two rival Khanates, of which the western one disintegrated in 744 AD. The Göktürks or Kök-Türks were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia and China. ... For the Star Trek character see Khan Noonien Singh. ... The first kingdom to emerge from the Qokturk khanate was the Buddhist Uyghur Empire that flourished in the territory encompassing most of Central Asia from 740 to 840 AD. Map of the Uyghur Empire and areas under its dominion at its height, c. ... After the Uyghur empire disintegrated a branch of the Uyghurs migrated to oasis settlements in the Tarim Basin and Gansu, such as Gaochang (Khoja) and Hami (Kumul), and set up a confederation of decentralized Buddhist states called Kara-Khoja. Others, mainly closely related to Uyghurs Qarluks, occupying the western Tarim Basin, Ferghana Valley, Jugaria and parts of Kazakhstan bordering the Muslim Turco-Tajik Khwarazm Sultanate, converted to Islam no later than the 10th century and built a federation with Muslim institutions called Kara-Khanlik, whose princely dynasties are called Karakhanids by most historians. Its capital, Balasagun flourished as a cultural and economic centre. The Qarluq or Karluk (Chinese: ; pinyin: Géluólù) were originally a nomadic Turkic tribe based at the eastern foot of Altay Mountains in Central Asia. ... the karakhanids are one of the uighur kingdoom with capital called kahgar(uighur autonomous rigion) ... Balasagun, also spelled as Balassagun was an ancient city in modern-day Kyrgyzstan and capital of the Kara-Khitan Khanate. ... The Islamized Qarluk princely clan, the Balasaghunlu Ashinalar (or the Karakhanids) gravitated toward the Persian Islamic cultural zone after their political autonomy and suzerainty over Central Asia was secured during the 9-10th century. The Qarluq or Karluk (Chinese: ; pinyin: Géluólù) were originally a nomadic Turkic tribe based at the eastern foot of Altay Mountains in Central Asia. ... the karakhanids are one of the uighur kingdoom with capital called kahgar(uighur autonomous rigion) ... As they became increasingly Persianized they settled in the more Indo-Iranian sedentary centers such as Qashgari, and became detached from the nomadic traditions of fellow Qarluks, many of whom retained cultural elements of the Uyghur Khanate. The Qarluq or Karluk (Chinese: ; pinyin: Géluólù) were originally a nomadic Turkic tribe based at the eastern foot of Altay Mountains in Central Asia. ... The principality was significantly weakened by the early 12th century and the territory of modern Kyrgyrstan was conquered by Uyghur Kara-Khitais. The Kara-Khitan Khanate (Traditional Chinese: 西遼; Simplified Chinese: 西辽; pinyin: Xī Liáo, 1124-1218), also known as Western Liao, was established by Yelü Dashi (耶律大石) who led around 100,000 Khitan remnants after escaping the Jurchen conquest of their native country, the Khitan dynasty. The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ... The Khitay conquest of Central Asia can thus be seen as an internecine struggle within the Qarluk nomadic tribe, played out as dynastic conflict between the conquering Buddhist Khitay elites and the defending Kara-Khanid princes, resulting in the subjugation of the latter by the former, and in the subjugation of the Muslim Qarluks by their Nestorian/Buddhist kin. A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... The Qarluq or Karluk (Chinese: ; pinyin: Géluólù) were originally a nomadic Turkic tribe based at the eastern foot of Altay Mountains in Central Asia. ... Mongol Domination The Mongols' invasion of Central Asia in the 13th century devastated the territory of Kyrgyzstan, costing its people their independence and their written language. The son of (Genghis) Khan, Juche, conquered the Kyrgyz tribes of the Yenisey region, who by this time had become disunited. For the next 200 years, the Kyrgyz remained under the Golden Horde and the Oriot and Jumgar khanates that succeeded that regime. Freedom was regained in 1510, but Kyrgyz tribes were overrun in the seventeenth century by the Kalmyks, in the mid-eighteenth century by the Manchus, and in the early nineteenth century by the Uzbeks. The Juche Idea (pronounced // in Korean, approximately joo-cheh) is the official ideology of North Korea and the political system based on it. ... Timurids and Uzbeks Timurids and Uzbeks. Russian Empire In the early 19th century, the southern territory of the Kyrgyz Republic came under the control of the Khanate of Kokand, but the territory was occupied and formally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1876. The Russian takeover instigated numerous revolts against tsarist authority, and many Kyrgyz opted to move into the Pamir Mountains or to Afghanistan. The ruthless suppression of the 1916 rebellion in Central Asia, triggered by the Russian imposition of the military draft on the Kyrgyz and other Central Asian peoples, caused many Kyrgyz to flee to China. For the Star Trek character see Khan Noonien Singh. ... Kokand (or Khokand or Kokhand or Quqon or Коканд) is a city in Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. ... Official language Russian Official Religion Russian Orthodox Christianity Capital Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1925) Area Approx. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is the official Slavonic title designating Emperor in the following states: Bulgaria in 913–1422 (for later usage in 1908–1946, see below) Serbia in... Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains are formed by the junction of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush ranges. ... Portret of the Queen Kurmanjan Datka Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x748, 103 KB) Summary Description: Kurmanjan Datka, Kyrgyz stateswoman, as featured on the Kyrgyz 50 Som note. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x748, 103 KB) Summary Description: Kurmanjan Datka, Kyrgyz stateswoman, as featured on the Kyrgyz 50 Som note. ... Kurmanjan Datka (or Datka Kurmanjan Mamatbai kysy) (1811-1907), also known as the The Tsaritsa of Alai or The Queen of the South (in Kyrgyzstan) was a women well known for her resistance towards the Russian conquest and a stateswoman of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... The Soviet Era Soviet power was initially established in the region in 1918, and in 1924, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created within the Russian SFSR. (The term Kara-Kyrgyz was used until the mid-1920s by the Russians to distinguish them from the Kazakhs, who were also referred to as Kyrgyz.) In 1926, it became the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On December 5, 1936, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was established as a full Union Republic of the U.S.S.R. Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (Кара-Киргизская АО) was created on October 14, 1924 within RSFSR from a part of Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics/ Communist state Last Chairman of the Supreme Council Boris Yeltsin Area  - Total  - % water 1st in former Soviet Union 17,075,200 km² 0. ... Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz ASSR) was the name of two different national entities within Russian SFSR, in the territories of modern Kazakhstan and Kyrghyzstan. ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... State motto: Бардык өлкөлордүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! Official language None. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Flag of Kyrgyz SSR During the 1920s, the Kyrgyz Republic saw considerable cultural, educational, and social change. Economic and social development also was notable. Literacy increased, and a standard literary language was introduced. The Kyrgyz language belongs to the Western Turkic group of languages. In 1924, an Arabic-based Kyrgyz alphabet was introduced, which was replaced by Latin script in 1928. In 1941 Cyrillic script was adopted. Many aspects of the Kyrgyz national culture were retained despite suppression of nationalist activity under Joseph Stalin, who controlled the Soviet Union from the late 1920's until 1953. Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyz_SSR.svg‎ Renamed from Image:Flag of Kirghiz SSR.svg Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz SSR Flag of Kyrgyz SSR Flags of the Soviet Republics... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyz_SSR.svg‎ Renamed from Image:Flag of Kirghiz SSR.svg Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz SSR Flag of Kyrgyz SSR Flags of the Soviet Republics... World literacy rates by country The traditional definition of literacy is the ability to use language–to read, write, listen, and speak. ... Kyrgyz or Kirghiz (Кыргыз тили) is a Northwestern Turkic language, and, together with Russian, an official language of Kyrgyzstan. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing in the Arabic language. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Stalin redirects here. ... The early years of glasnost in the late 1980s had little effect on the political climate in the Kyrgyz Republic. However, the republic's press was permitted to adopt a more liberal stance and to establish a new publication, Literaturny Kyrgyzstan, by the Union of Writers. Unofficial political groups were forbidden, but several groups that emerged in 1989 to deal with an acute housing crisis were permitted to function. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In June 1990, ethnic tensions between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz surfaced in an area of the Osh Oblast where Uzbeks form a majority of the population. Violent confrontations ensued, and a state of emergency and curfew were introduced. Order was not restored until August 1990. Osh Province (Kyrgyz: Ош областы) is a province (oblasty) of Kyrgyzstan. ... Modern Kyrgyz religious affiliation is eclectically Muslim for a majority of the population. Typical Kyrgyz families vary in their devotion to Islam. Urbanized areas of Kyrgyzstan are similar to the United States in terms of religious identity. While most Americans claim to be Christian, the majority are rather eclectic in practice. The same is true for Kyrgyzstan. The more rural the individual, the more devoted to Islam they tend to be and vice-versa. Russian and Kyrgyz cultures differ in respect to family, religious identity, and social structure. Kyrgyzstan is a country in transition. The current social dilemma is one that has emerged from the controlling body mainly relying on classic Russian ethnicities, to Kyrgyz or Turkic ethnic groups shaping and forming the infrastructure of Kyrgyzstan. This has resulted in a measurable degree of instability and chaos associated with a social transition. The ancestral Kyrgyz social structure was dominated by nomadic traditions, governing political philosophies, and socialization. As classical Russian ethnic groups were injected into the Soviet Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the urbanization process began and was mainly authored by the Russian communities placed within the Soviet Republic, mostly by policies created by the communist party. It is unclear why these policies were created and it is only clear that these policies forced Russians of certain descent to populate the Republic. As in many former Soviet republics, after Kyrgyzstan regained independence in August 1991 many individuals, organizations, and political parties sought to reestablish (and, to a certain extent, to create from scratch) a Kyrgyz national cultural identity; oftentimes one that included a backlash against Russians. Independent Kyrgyzstan The early 1990s brought measurable change to the Kyrgyz Republic. The Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement (KDM) had developed into a significant political force with support in parliament. In an upset victory, Askar Akayev, the president of the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, was elected to the presidency in October 1990. The following January, Akayev introduced new government structures and appointed a new government comprised mainly of younger, reform-oriented politicians. In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet voted to change the republic's name to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. (In 1993, it became the Kyrgyz Republic.) In February 1991, the name of the capital, Frunze, was changed back to its pre-revolutionary name—Bishkek. Frunze was named for Soviet revolutionary Mikhail Frunze. Askar Akayev Askar Akayevich Akayev (Аскар Акаевич Акаев) (born November 10, 1944 in Kyzyl-Bairak, Kirghiz SSR) served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 to March 2005, when he was deposed by a popular uprising dubbed the Tulip Revolution. ... Academy of Sciences can refer to a national academy or another learned society dedicated to sciences. ... Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ... Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (Russian Михаил Васильевич Фрунзе) (1885 – 31 October 1925) was a Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917. ... Despite these moves toward independence, economic realities seemed to work against secession from the U.S.S.R. In a referendum on the preservation of the U.S.S.R. in March 1991, 88.7% of the voters approved a proposal to retain the U.S.S.R. as a "renewed federation." Soviet redirects here. ... On August 19, 1991, when the State Emergency Committee assumed power in Moscow, there was an attempt to depose Akayev in Kyrgyzstan. After the coup collapsed the following week, Akayev and Vice President German Kuznetsov announced their resignations from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and the entire politburo and secretariat resigned. This was followed by the Supreme Soviet vote declaring independence from the U.S.S.R. on August 31, 1991. Kyrgyz was announced as the state language in September 1991. (In December 2001, through a constitutional amendment, the Russian language was given official status.) August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... During the Soviet Coup of 1991, also known as the August Coup, a group of hardliners within the Soviet Communist party briefly deposed Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment that mostly replaces just the top power figures. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the All... The Supreme Soviet (Russian: , Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... In October 1991, Akayev ran unopposed and was elected President of the new independent republic by direct ballot, receiving 95% of the votes cast. Together with the representatives of seven other republics, he signed the Treaty of the New Economic Community that same month. On December 21, 1991, the Kyrgyz Republic formally entered the new Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Headquarters Minsk, Belarus Member states 11 member states 1 associate member Working language Russian Executive Secretary Vladimir Rushailo Formation December 21, 1991 Official website http://cis. ... In 1993, allegations of corruption against Akayev's closest political associates blossomed into a major scandal. One of those accused of improprieties was Prime Minister Chyngyshev, who was dismissed for ethical reasons in December. Following Chyngyshev's dismissal, Akayev dismissed the government and called upon the last communist premier, Apas Djumagulov, to form a new one. In January 1994, Akayev initiated a referendum asking for a renewed mandate to complete his term of office. He received 96.2% of the vote. A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... A new constitution was passed by the parliament in May 1993. In 1994, however, the parliament failed to produce a quorum for its last scheduled session prior to the expiration of its term in February 1995. President Akayev was widely accused of having manipulated a boycott by a majority of the parliamentarians. Akayev, in turn, asserted that the communists had caused a political crisis by preventing the legislature from fulfilling its role. Akayev scheduled an October 1994 referendum, overwhelmingly approved by voters, which proposed two amendments to the constitution—one that would allow the constitution to be amended by means of a referendum, and the other creating a new bicameral parliament called the Jogorku Kenesh. Elections for the two legislative chambers—a 35-seat full-time assembly and a 70-seat part-time assembly—were held in February 1995 after campaigns considered remarkably free and open by most international observers, although the election-day proceedings were marred by widespread irregularities. Independent candidates won most of the seats, suggesting that personalities prevailed over ideologies. The new parliament convened its initial session in March 1995. One of its first orders of business was the approval of the precise constitutional language on the role of the legislature. On December 24, 1995, President Akayev was reelected for another 5-year term with wide support (75% of vote) over two opposing candidates. He used government resources and state-owned media to carry out his campaign. Three (out of six) candidates were de-registered shortly before the election. December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... A February 1996 referendum—in violation of the constitution and the law on referendums—amended the constitution to give President Akayev more power. Although the changes gave the president the power to dissolve parliament, it also more clearly defined the parliament's powers. Since that time, the parliament has demonstrated real independence from the executive branch. An October 1998 referendum approved constitutional changes, including increasing the number of deputies in the lower house, reducing the number of deputies in the upper house, providing for 25% of lower house deputies to be elected by party lists, rolling back parliamentary immunity, introducing private property, prohibiting adoption of laws restricting freedom of speech and mass media, and reforming the state budget. Two rounds of parliamentary elections were held on February 20, 2000 and March 12, 2000. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) reported that the elections failed to comply with commitments to free and fair elections and hence were invalid. Questionable judicial proceedings against opposition candidates and parties limited the choice of candidates available to Kyrgyz voters, while state-controlled media only reported favorably on official candidates. Government officials put pressure on independent media outlets that favored the opposition. The presidential election that followed later in 2000 also was marred by irregularities and was not declared free and fair by international observers. February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in leap years). ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... The most recent elections were parliamentary, held February 27 and March 13, 2005. The OSCE found that while the elections failed to comply with commitments to free and fair elections, there were improvements over the 2000 elections, notably the use of indelible ink, transparent ballot boxes, and generally good access by election observers. February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sporadic protests against perceived manipulation and fraud during the elections of February 27, 2005, erupted into widespread calls for the government to resign, which started in the southern provinces. On March 24, 15,000 pro-opposition demonstrators called for the resignation of the President and his regime in Bishkek. Protestors seized the main government building, and Akayev hurriedly fled the country, first to neighboring Kazakhstan and then to Moscow. Initially refusing to resign and denouncing the events as a coup, he subsequently resigned his office on April 4. (See also: Tulip Revolution) February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... A tulip, the symbol of the revolution The Tulip Revolution refers to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan after the parliamentary elections of February 27 and of March 13, 2005. ... Notes and References History of Kyrgystan Books on History of Kyrgystan Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic History of Asia History of: Afghanistan  • Armenia  • Azerbaijan  • Bahrain  • Bangladesh  • Bhutan  • Brunei  • Cambodia  • China [People's Republic of China (Hong Kong • Macau)  • Republic of China (Taiwan)]  • Cyprus  • East Timor  • Georgia  • India  • Indonesia  • Iran  • Iraq  • Israel [See also: Palestinian territories]  • Japan  • Jordan  • Kazakhstan  • Korea [North Korea  • South Korea]  • Kuwait  • Kyrgyzstan  • Laos  • Lebanon  • Malaysia  • Maldives  • Mongolia  • Myanmar  • Nepal  • Oman  • Pakistan  • Philippines  • Qatar  • Russia  • Saudi Arabia  • Singapore  • Sri Lanka  • Syria  • Tajikistan  • Thailand  • Turkey  • Turkmenistan  • United Arab Emirates  • Uzbekistan  • Vietnam  • Yemen v·d·e Categories: History of Central Asia | History of Kyrgyzstan Map of Asia, 1892 The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distict peripheral coastal regions, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe. ... The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: 中華民國; Pinyin: Zhōng huá mín guó) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ... This article is about the Palestinian territories as a geo-political phenomenon. ... Joseon dynasty court architecture This article is about the history of Korea, through the division of Korea before the Korean War. ...

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	History of Kyrgyzstan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2394 words) Stone implements found in the Tian Shan mountains indicate the presence of human society in what is now Kyrgyzstan as many as 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. Urbanized areas of Kyrgyzstan are similar to the United States in terms of religious identity. In an upset victory, Askar Akayev, the president of the Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences, was elected to the presidency in October 1990. Kyrgyzstan HISTORY (1759 words) Much of present Kyrgyzstan was united by the 7th century as part of the West Turkic Kaganate, and replaced in the 8th century by the Turgash, who in turn were conquered by the Karluk, who originated in the Altai region further north. As Bolshevik power was consolidated, Kyrgyzstan was first made an autonomous oblast (political unit) of the Russian Federation in 1924; it was upgraded in 1926 to an autonomous republic, but still within Russia. In January 2003, Akayev announced a referendum would be held on his presidency and on amendments to the constitution to "improve democracy." On 2 February, 76.6% of Kyrgyz citizens supported the amendments in the referendum, and 78.7% of voters determined Akayev should remain in office until his term expired in December 2005.
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