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History of Vietnam

Hồng Bàng Dynasty (c. 2880–257 BCE) Thục Dynasty (257–207 BCE) First Chinese domination (207 BCE–40 CE) Triệu Dynasty (207–111 BCE) Trưng Sisters (40–43) Second Chinese domination (43–541) Lady Triệu's Rebellion Anterior Lý Dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương (541–602) Third Chinese domination (602–905) Mai Hắc Đế Phùng Hưng Autonomy (905–938) Khúc Family Dương Đình Nghệ Kiều Công Tiễn Ngô Dynasty (938–967) The upheavals of Twelve warlords Đinh Dynasty (968–980) Prior Lê Dynasty (980–1009) Lý Dynasty (1009–1225) Trần Dynasty (1225–1400) Hồ Dynasty (1400–1407) Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427) Posterior Trần Dynasty Lam Sơn Rebellion Later Lê Dynasty (1428–1788) Early Lê Restored Lê Mạc Dynasty Trịnh-Nguyễn War Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List of Vietnamese monarchs [edit]

The History of Vietnam, according to legends, dates back more than 4,000 years. The only reliable sources, however, indicate the Vietnamese history roughly dates to 2700 years ago. For most of the period from 111 BC to early 10th century, it was under the direct rule of successive dynasties from China. Vietnam regained autonomy in early 10th century, and complete independence in 938 AD. While for much of its history, Vietnam remained a tributary state to its larger neighbor China, it repelled repeated attempts by China to make it once again part of the Middle Kingdom empire, including the three invasions by the Mongols during the Yuan Dynasty, when China was under Mongolian rule. But the king at that time, Trần Nhân Tông, would eventually diplomatically submit as a tributary of the Yuan to avoid further conflicts. The independent period temporarily ended in middle to late 19th century, when the country was colonized by France. During World War II, Imperial Japan expelled the French to occupy Vietnam, though they retained French administrators during their occupation. After the war, France attempted to re-establish its colonial rule but ultimately failed. The Geneva Accords partitioned the country in two with a promise of democratic election to reunite the country. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Blank map of Vietnamese provinces. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List of Vietnamese monarchs The H... The Vietnamese Thục Dynasty has only one ruler, Thục Phán himself, last prince of Shu (state) of China, who proclaimed himself king An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. ... Nam Việt or Nanyue (Chinese: 南越; pinyin: ) was an ancient kingdom that consisted much of modern northern Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nam Việt. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... Second Chinese dominiation of Vietnam saw strengthen control on the region. ... Image:Trieuau3. ... Lý Nam Đế (Lý, The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bí or Lý Bôn (October 17, 503 - April 13, 548, Traditional Chinese: 李賁, pinyin: Lǐ BÄ“n) is debateably considered the first emperor of Vietnam and the founder of the Early Lý (or Li/Lee) Dynasty (544 - 603) and ruled from... Triệu Việt VÆ°Æ¡ng (548-570) Triệu Quang Phục was recognized by Emperor Lý Nam Đế as the best lieutenant and general in the army. ... Third Chinese domination of Vietnam saw two Chinese imperial dynasty rule over Chinese controlled region of Chiaozhou. ... Phùng HÆ°ng (Hán tá»±: 馮興) was a military leader who briefly reigned Vietnam during the 8th century. ... Khuc family was a session of leaders whom challenge Chinese rule over Vietnam. ... Duong Dinh Nghe (937-938) was the Chinese administrator of Giao Chi in around 930 AD. He was a skillful, talented general under Khuc Hao, descendant of the Khuc family dynasty who wrestled Chinese control for 3 generations barely a dozen of years ago. ... Around the year 930 AD, as Ngô Quyen (吳權) rose to power, northern Vietnam was a province and vassal state of China and was referred to as Giao Chi (交趾). Every year the governor/administrator of Giao Chi had to pay tribute and give offerings to China. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... // Đinh Bo Linhs childhood Đinh Bo Linhs father was Đinh Cong Tru, a mandarin under the reigns of Ngô Quyen (939-944) and Ngô Xuong Van (950-954). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Lý Dynasty (Vietnamese: nhà Lý, pronounced like Lee), sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (nhà Hậu Lý), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Anterior Lê Dynasty (nhà Tiền Lê) and ended in 1225 when the queen L... The Trần Dynasty (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly Nhà Trần, meaning the Trần Family) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. ... The Hồ Dynasty was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors, Hồ Quý Ly in 1400 and his second son, Hồ Hán ThÆ°Æ¡ng, who reigned from 1400 to 1407. ... The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1406 to 1428, upon which, the country was ruled by the Ming Dynasty administration. ... The period of 1407 till 1417 in the history of Vietnam is characterized by 2 revolts centered around 2 figures, Tran Quy Giang Dinh De and Tran Qui Khoach. ... The Le Dynasty (also known as the Later Le Dynasty) ruled Vietnam from 1428 until 1527, when the king was assassinated by Mac Dang Dung, founder of the Mac Dynasty. ... The Mạc Dynasty. ... Trịnh-Nguyen War (1627 - 1673) - A long war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... Flag Capital Hanoi Language(s) French Political structure Federation Historical era New Imperialism  - Established 1887  - Addition of Laos 1893  - Vietnam Declaration of Independence September 2, 1945  - Independence of Laos July 19, 1949  - Independence of Cambodia November 9, 1953  - Disestablished 1954 Area  - 1945 750,000 km2 289,577 sq mi Currency... Flag of the Empire of Vietnam The Empire of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đế quốc Việt Nam, 越南帝國) was a short-lived puppet state of the Empire of Japan governing the whole of Vietnam between March 11 and August 23, 1945. ... The Indochina Wars refers to wars of national liberation that erupted in the wake of World War II, fought in Southeast Asia from 1947 until 1979, between nationalist Vietnamese against French, American, and Chinese forces. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cá»™ng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the... Motto: None Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon First Chief Emperor Bao Dai Last Chief Ngo Dinh Diem Rule Area South Vietnam (1954-) Independence  - Provisional  - Declared  - Recognised  - Dissolved From Franch rule May 27, 1948 June 14, 1949 1954 October 26, 1955 Currency Piastre National anthem Call to the Citizens Caution: The... Anthem Thanh niên Hành Khúc (Call to the Citizens) Capital Saigon Language(s) Vietnamese Government Republic Last President¹ Duong Van Minh Last Prime minister Vu Van Mau Historical era Cold War  - Regime change June 14, 1955  - Dissolution April 30, 1975 Area  - 1973 173,809 km² 67,108... Map of the Republic of South Vietnam. ... Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. ... A legend (Latin, legenda, things to be read) is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude. ... Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term tributary state refers to one of the two main ways in which a pre-modern state might be subordinate to a more powerful neighbour. ... The Middle Kingdom is: a old name for China a period in the History of Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom of Egypt This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Scholars masturbate about what exactly constitutes an empire (from the Latin imperium, denoting military command within the ancient Roman government). ... The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire Capital Dadu Language(s) Mongolian Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1260-1294 Kublai Khan  - 1333-1370 Ukhaatu Khan History  - establishing the Yuan Dynasty 1271  - Fall of Dadu September 14, 1368 Population  - 1330 est. ... Tran Nhan Tongs (1258 – 1308) given name was Tran Kham. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The ensign of Imperial Japanese Navy was a prominent symbol of Imperial Japan. ... The Geneva Conference (April 26 - July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Korea. ...

However, rather than peaceful reunification, partition led to to the Vietnam War - which, depending on one's perspective, was either a civil war or another battlefield of the then-ongoing global ideological conflict, The Cold War. During this time, the North was supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, while the South was supported by the United States. After millions of Vietnamese deaths and the American withdrawal from Vietnam in March 1973, the war ended with the fall of Saigon to the North in April 1975. The reunified Vietnam suffered further internal repression and was isolated internationally due to the continuing Cold War and the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia. In 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam changed its economic policy and began reforms of the private sector similar to those in China. Since the mid-1980s, Vietnam has enjoyed substantial economic growth and some reduction in political repression, though reports of corruption have also risen. Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... The Cold War (1947-1991) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between groups of nations practicing different ideologies and political systems. ... City skyline Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh  ) is the largest city in Vietnam and is located near the Mekong Delta. ...

Early kingdoms

Evidents of earliest established society other than Đông Sơn in Northern Vietnam were found in Cổ Loa, ancient city situated near modern Hanoi. According to Chinese source, Qin's renegade general Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) subjugated Tây Âu Lạc, located in Northern Vietnam, to be part of his Nan Yue (Nam Việt) Empire. Dong Son is a small village in Thanhhoa province Vietnam. ... Zhao Tuo (Traditional Chinese: 趙佗; pinyin: Zhào Tuō) or Triệu Đà in Vietnamese, was a Chinese commanding general of the Qin dynasty who later founded the kingdom of Nanyue, or Nam Việt (南越). He was also the founder of the Zhao Dynasty (Trieu Dynasty) of Nanyue. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List...

According to Vietnamese myths, however, the first Vietnamese people descended from the Dragon Lord Lạc Long Quân and the Immortal Âu Cơ. Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ had 100 sons before they split (50 children went with their mother to the mountains and the other 50 went with their father to the sea). The eldest son became the first in a line of earliest Vietnamese kings, collectively known as Hùng kings (Hùng Vương or Hồng Bàng Dynasty). The Hùng kings called the country Văn Lang; it was located on the Red River delta in present-day northern Vietnam. The people of Văn Lang were referred to as the Lạc Việt. It has been suggested that European dragon be merged into this article or section. ... The traditional creation myth of the Vietnamese Kinh people (ethnic Vietnamese) claims Lac Long Quan as the father of the Vietnamese people. ... In Vietnamese mythology, Au Co was an immortal fairy who married a dragon, their hundred children being the ancestors of the Vietnam people. ... Hung Vuong was the first emperor of Van Lang or Lac Viet(Vietnam at the time). ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List of Vietnamese monarchs The H... Văn Lang (Chinese: 文郎) was the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, and existed until 258 BCE. It was ruled by the Hùng Kings. ... Flowing from China through Vietnam to the South China Sea, the Red River (Vietnamese Sông Hồng, Chinese Hónghé) is also known as the Yuan Jiang (元江, pinyin yuan2jiang1), which means Primary River. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In ancient times, many tribes living south of the Yangtze River called themselves Yue (Việt in Vietnamese). Most of these tribes were linguistically related to the northern Chinese; even today, Cantonese people and their language are still referred to as Yue. The Lạc Việt, however, were linguistically more closely related to other Southeast Asian people. Văn Lang culture is theorized to have evolved from natives who had settled on the Red River delta since pre-historic times, rather than from migrating tribes from the North, as suggested in some Chinese legends. Length 6,380 km Elevation of the source  ? m Average discharge 31,900 m³/s Area watershed 1,800,000 km² Origin Qinghai Province and Tibet Mouth East China Sea Basin countries China The Chang Jiang (Simplified Chinese: 长江; Traditional Chinese: 長江; pinyin: Cháng Jiāng... Yue (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Yüeh4; also seen as Yueh, Yuet, Việt) refers to ancient semi-Sinicized or non-Sinicized Chinese peoples of southern China, originally those along the eastern coastline of present-day Zhejiang province and Shanghai. ... Cantonese people (Traditional Chinese: 廣東人; Simplified Chinese: 广东人; Pinyin: GuÇŽngdōng rén; Jyutping: gwong2 dung1 yan4), broadly speaking, are persons originating from the present-day Guangdong province in southern China. ...

Văn Lang was thought to be a matriarchal society, similar to many other matriarchal societies common in Southeast Asia and in the Pacific islands at the time. Various archaeological sites in northern Vietnam, such as Đông Sơn have yielded metal weapons and tools from this age. Most famous of these artifacts are the large bronze drums, probably made for ceremonial purposes, with sophisticated engravings on the surface, depicting life scenes with warriors, boats, houses, birds and animals in concentric circles around a radiating sun at the center. Dong Son is a small village in Thanhhoa province Vietnam. ...

Many legends from this period offer some glimse into the life of the people. The Legend of the Rice Cakes (Sự Tích Bánh Dày Bánh Chưng) is about a prince who won a culinary contest; he then wins the throne because his creations, the rice cakes, reflect his deep understanding of the land's vital economy: rice farming. The Legend of Giong (Thánh Gióng), about a youth going to war to save the country, wearing an iron armor, riding an armored horse, wielding an iron staff, showed that metalworking was sophisticated. The Legend of the Magic Crossbow (Sự Tích Nỏ Thần), about a crossbow that can deliver thousands of arrows, showed extensive use of archery in warfare. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

By the 3rd century BC, another Viet group, the Âu Việt, emigrated from present-day southern China to the Red River delta and mixed with the indigenous Van Lang population. In 258 BC, a new kingdom, Âu Lạc, emerged as the union of the Âu Việt and the Lạc Việt with Thục Phán proclaiming himself king An Dương Vương. At his capital Cổ Loa, he built many concentric layers of walls around the city for defensive purpose. These walls, together with skilled Âu Lạc archers, kept the capital safe from invaders for a while. However, it also gave rise to the first story of espionage in Vietnamese history, which resulted in the downfall of king An Dương Vương. Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC - 250s BC - 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC Years: 263 BC 262 BC 261 BC 260 BC 259 BC - 258 BC - 257 BC 256 BC... The Vietnamese Thục Dynasty has only one ruler, Thục Phán himself, last prince of Shu (state) of China, who proclaimed himself king An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. ... The Vietnamese Thục Dynasty has only one ruler, Thục Phán himself, last prince of Shu (state) of China, who proclaimed himself king An DÆ°Æ¡ng VÆ°Æ¡ng. ...

In 207 BC, an ambitious Chinese warlord named Triệu Đà (Chinese: Zhao Tuo) defeated king An Dương Vương by having his son Trọng Thủy (Chinese: Zhong Shi) marrying An Dương Vương's daughter, then acted as a spy. Triệu Đà annexed the kingdom of Âu Lạc into his domain in present-day Guangdong, southern China, then proclaimed himself king of a new independent kingdom, Nam Việt (Chinese: Nan Yue). Trọng Thủy, the supposed crown prince, felt deep remorse as his wife was killed during the war, drowned himself in Cổ Loa. Zhao Tuo (Traditional Chinese: 趙佗; pinyin: Zhào Tuō) or Triệu Đà in Vietnamese, was a Chinese general from the time of the Qin dynasty who founded the kingdom of Nanyue, or Nam Việt (南越). Born in northern China, he served in a Qin expeditionary force that was sent south. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List...

Some Vietnamese considered the period under Triệu's rule a Chinese domination, since Triệu Đà was a former Qin general. Yet others consider it an era of Việt independence as the Triệu family in Nam Việt were assimilated to local culture. They ruled independently of what then constituted as China (Han dynasty). At one point, Triệu Đà even declared himself Emperor as an equal to the Chinese Han Emperor in the North. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nam Việt. ... Qin empire in 210 BC Capital Xianyang Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism Government Monarchy History  - Unification of China 221 BC  - Death of Qin Shi Huangdi 210 BC  - Surrender to Liu Bang 206 BC The Qin Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BC - 206 BC) was preceded... Han Dynasty in 87 BC Capital Changan (202 BC–9 AD) Luoyang (25 AD–190 AD) Language(s) Chinese Religion Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy History  - Establishment 206 BC  - Battle of Gaixia; Han rule of China begins 202 BC  - Interruption of Han rule 9 - 24  - Abdication to Cao Wei 220...

Period of Chinese domination (111 BC - 938 AD)

In 111 BC, Chinese troops invaded Nanyue and annexed its territory into the Chinese empire. The part that is now northern Vietnam was named Giao Chỉ (Chinese: 交趾 Jiaozhi) commandery. While Chinese held top administrative posts, the local Việt nobles (Lạc Hầu, Lạc Tướng) were still able to retain power over their land and people. Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC - 110s BC - 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC Years: 116 BC 115 BC 114 BC 113 BC 112 BC - 111 BC - 110 BC 109 BC... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ... Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the South over 900 years For other uses, see Tonkin (disambiguation). ... Cochin China (also known as Cochinchina or in French, Cochinchine) was the southernmost part of Vietnam beside Cambodia. ...

In 40 AD rebelling against harsh rule by Han Governor Tô Định (蘇定 pinyin: Su Ding), two noble Việt women, the Trưng Sisters, led a successful uprising, captured 65 towns, and declared themselves Trưng Queens (Trưng Nữ Vương). In 42 AD, Emperor Guangwu of Han sent his famed general Mã Viện (Chinese: Ma Yuan) to crush the revolt. After a torturous campaign, Ma Yuan defeated the Trưng Queens, who died in battle. To this day, the Trưng Sisters are revered in Vietnam as the national symbol of Vietnamese woman. Learning a lesson from the Trưng Revolt, the Han and other successive Chinese dynasties took measures to eliminate the power of the Viet feudal lords. The Việt elites would be coerced to assimilate into Chinese culture and politics. However, in 225 AD, another lady, Trieu Thi Trinh, popularly known as Lady Triệu, led another uprising that lasted until 248 AD when she was defeated. Events Roman Empire Caligula embarks on a campaign to conquer Britain, and fails miserably. ... Procession commemorating the TrÆ°ng Sisters in early 20th century The TrÆ°ng Sisters, known in Vietnamese as Hai Bà TrÆ°ng (the two TrÆ°ng ladies), are two 1st century women regarded as national heroines of Vietnam after they successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... Emperor Guangwu (January 15, 5 BC - March 29, 57), born Liu Xiu, was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty, restorer of the dynasty in AD 25 and thus founder of the Later Han or Eastern Han (the restored Han Dynasty). ... Ma Yuan (Traditional Chinese: 馬援; pinyin: MÇŽ Yuán) was a Chinese chiangchun who served during the Eastern Han Dynasty. ... Image:Trieuau3. ...

Much of northern Vietnam, from the Red River delta down to the region of modern Thanh Hóa province, was organized into the Chinese prefecture/commandery of Giao Chỉ (Chinese: Jiaozhi), and later also called Annam, then Giao Châu, until early 10th century AD. Giao Chỉ (with its capital settled around in modern Bắc Ninh province) became a flourishing trading outpost receiving goods from the southern seas. "History of Later Han" (Hậu Hán Thư, Hou Hanshu) recorded that in 166 AD the first envoy from the Roman Empire to China arrived by this route, and merchants were soon to follow. The 3rd century "Tales of Wei" (Ngụy Lục, Weilue) mentioned a "water route" (that is, the Red River) from Jiaozhi into what is now southern Yunnan. From there, goods were taken overland to the rest of China via the regions of modern Kunming and Chengdu. Cochin China (also known as Cochinchina or in French, Cochinchine) was the southernmost part of Vietnam beside Cambodia. ... Annam, literally meaning Pacified South, is a region of central Vietnam that fell under Chinese rule in 111 BC as Annan (安南). Known locally as Trung Bá»™, meaning Central Boundary, it was formerly a kingdom the size of Sweden with its capital at Huế. It had been seized by the French... The Book of Later Han (Chinese: 後漢書; pinyin: ) is a history of the Chinese Empire which was compiled by Fan Yeh (范晔; 398-445), using a number of earlier histories as sources. ... Events Pope Soter succeeds Pope Anicetus Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Laurence to Patriarch Alypius Dacia invaded by barbarians Conflict erupts on the Danube frontier between Rome and the Germanic tribe of the Marcomanni Roman envoy sent out by emperor Antoninus Pius. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... Yunan redirects here. ... Kunming (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kun-ming) is the capital city of Yunnan province, China. ...   (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Cheng-tu), located in southwest China, is the capital of Sichuan province and a sub-provincial city. ...

At the same time, in present-day central Vietnam emerged a number of Cham nations, first Lin-Yi, then later a more powerful and highly civilized Champa. Present-day southern Vietnam belonged to the empire of Funan, whose archaeological artifacts included Roman coins. South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ... Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List...

In the period between the beginning of the Chinese Age of Fragmentation to the end of Tang Dynasty, several revolts against Chinese rule took place in the Red River delta, such as those of Lý Bôn, his lieutenant Triệu Quang Phục, Mai Thúc Loan, Phùng Hưng. All of them ultimately failed, yet most notable were Lý Bôn and Triệu Quang Phục, whose Anterior Lý Dynasty ruled for almost half a century (544 AD to 602 AD) before their kingdom Vạn Xuân being reconquered by the Chinese Sui Dynasty. The Period of Disunity, also known as the first disunion, was a long period of disunity and civil wars in China, lasting from 220 to 589. ... China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu  - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong  - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong  - 904-907 Emperor Ai History  - Li Yuan... Lý Nam Đế (Lý, The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bí or Lý Bôn (October 17, 503 - April 13, 548, Traditional Chinese: 李賁, pinyin: Lǐ BÄ“n) is debateably considered the first emperor of Vietnam and the founder of the Early Lý (or Li/Lee) Dynasty (544 - 603) and ruled from... Triệu Việt VÆ°Æ¡ng (548-570) Triệu Quang Phục was recognized by Emperor Lý Nam Đế as the best lieutenant and general in the army. ... Phùng HÆ°ng (Hán tá»±: 馮興) was a military leader who briefly reigned Vietnam during the 8th century. ... SUI can be the IOC country code or the FIFA country code for Switzerland SUI can be an acronym for sonic user interface (similar to GUI for graphical user interface). ...

Early independence (938 AD - 1009 AD)

Battle of Bach Dang river. Silk painting by Năng Hiển.

Early in the 10th century AD, as China became politically fragmented, successive lords from the Khúc family and then Dương Đình Nghệ ruled Giao Châu autonomously under the Tang title of Tiết Độ Sứ (Virtuous Lord), yet stopping short of proclaiming themselves kings. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (968x464, 82 KB) Silk painting. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (968x464, 82 KB) Silk painting. ... Khuc family was a session of leaders whom challenge Chinese rule over Vietnam. ... Duong Dinh Nghe (937-938) was the Chinese administrator of Giao Chi in around 930 AD. He was a skillful, talented general under Khuc Hao, descendant of the Khuc family dynasty who wrestled Chinese control for 3 generations barely a dozen of years ago. ... Tang could refer to: Tang Dynasty of China Tang (Shang dynasty ruler) A transliteration of Chinese family names such as 唐,湯,鄧,é‚“,滕 Tang Clan of Hong Kong, the first inhabitants to leave China and settle in Hong Kong. ...

In 938 AD, the kingdom of Southern Han sent troops to conquer autonomous Giao Châu. Ngô Quyền, Dương Đình Nghệ's son-in-law, defeated the Southern Han fleet at the Bạch Đằng River then proclaimed himself King Ngô, effectively began the age of independence for Vietnam. Events Lioa Dynasty took over Peking naming it as their South Palace [Nanjing] Births Hugh Capet, King of France (d. ... Southern Han (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a kingdom that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907-960) along China’s southern coast from 917 to 971. ... Ngo Quyen (897?- 944), was prefect, under Chinese domination, of Giao Chau province in the valley of the Red River in what is now northern Vietnam. ... At the Battle of Bach Dang river in 938 the Vietnamese forces, led by Ngo Quyen, defeated the Chinese invaders and put an end to Chinese imperial domination of the Vietnamese. ...

South East Asia circa 1100 AD Dai-Viet lands in blue.

Ngô Quyền's untimely death after a short reign resulted in a power struggle for the throne, the country's first major civil war, The upheavals of Twelve warlords (Loạn Thập Nhị Sứ Quân). The war lasted from 945 AD to 967 AD when the clan led by Đinh Bộ Lĩnh defeated the other warlords, unifying the country. Dinh founded the Đinh Dynasty and proclaimed himself First Emperor (Tiên Hoàng) of Đại Cồ Việt (meaning Great Vietland), with its capital in Hoa Lư (modern day Ninh Bình). However, the Chinese Song Dynasty only officially recognized him as Prince of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ Quận Vương). Emperor Đinh introduced strict penal codes to prevent chaos to happen again. He tried to form alliances by granting the title of Queen to 5 women from the 5 most influential families. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (425x666, 9 KB) Summary South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. showing the approximate areas of control for the Dai-Viet (Vietnam), Champa, and Khmer Empires. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (425x666, 9 KB) Summary South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. showing the approximate areas of control for the Dai-Viet (Vietnam), Champa, and Khmer Empires. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Dinh Bo Linh (924–979), was the emperor and founder of the Dinh Dynasty, the second Vietnamese dynasty. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a country in Southeast Asia. ... Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Kaifeng (960–1127) Linan (1127–1276) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 960-976 Emperor Taizu  - 1126–1127 Emperor Qinzong  - 1127–1162 Emperor Gaozong  - 1278–1279 Emperor Bing History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou...

In 979 AD, Emperor Đinh Bộ Lĩnh and his crown prince Đinh Liễn were assassinated, leaving his lone surviving son, the 6-year-old Đinh Toàn, to assume the throne. Taking advantage of the situation, Chinese Song Dynasty invaded Đại Cồ Việt. Facing such grave threat to national independence, the court's Commander of the Ten Armies (Thập Đạo Tướng Quân) Lê Hoàn took the throne (with help from his secret lover, Empress Dương, Đinh Toàn's mother), founding the Former Lê Dynasty. A capable military tactician, Le Hoan realized the risks of engaging the mighty Chinese troops head on; thus he tricked the invading army into Chi Lăng Pass, then ambushed and killed their commander, quickly ending the threat to his young nation in 981 AD. The Song Dynasty withdrew their troops yet would not recognize Le Hoàn as Prince of Jiaozhi until 12 years later; nevertheless, he is referred to in his realm as Đại Hành Emperor (Đại Hành Hoàng Đế). Emperor Le Hoàn was also the first Vietnamese monarch who began the southward expansion process against the kingdom of Champa. Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Kaifeng (960–1127) Linan (1127–1276) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 960-976 Emperor Taizu  - 1126–1127 Emperor Qinzong  - 1127–1162 Emperor Gaozong  - 1278–1279 Emperor Bing History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou... Le Hoan (941–1005), the commander in chief of the armies of Emperor Dinh Bo Linh, who also had and illicit relationship with the Queen Mother, dethroned Dinh Bo Linhs heir and proclaimed himself King Le Dai Hanh in 980. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Emperor Le Hoàn's death in 1005 AD resulted in infighting for the throne amongst his sons. The eventual winner, Lê Long Đĩnh, became the most notorious tyrant in Vietnamese history. He devised sadistic punishments of prisoners for his own entertainement and indulged in sexual activities. Toward the end of his short life (he died at 24), Lê Long Đĩnh became so ill that he had to lie down when meeting with his officials in court.

Independent period of Đại Việt (1010 AD - 1527 AD)

When the king Lê Long Đĩnh died in 1009 AD, a Palace Guard Commander named Lý Công Uẩn was nominated by the court to take over the throne, founded the Lý dynasty. This event is regarded as the beginning of a golden era in Vietnamese history, with great following dynasties. The way Lý Công Uẩn ascending to the throne was rather unique in Vietnamese history. As a high ranking military commander residing in the capital, he had all opportunities to seize power during the tumultuous years after Emperor Le Hoàn's death, yet preferring not to do so out of his sense of duty. He was in a way being "elected" by the court after some debate before a consensus was reached. Lý Thái Tổ (974-1028) was the emperor of Vietnam from 1009 to 1128. ... The Lý Dynasty (Vietnamese: nhà Lý, pronounced like Lee), sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (nhà Hậu Lý), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Anterior Lê Dynasty (nhà Tiền Lê) and ended in 1225 when the queen L...

Lý Công Uẩn (post-humously referred as Lý Thái Tổ) changed the country's name to Đại Việt (meaning Great Viet). The Lý Dynasty is trusted for laying down a concrete foundation, with strategic vision, for the nation of Vietnam. Leaving Hoa Lư, a natural fortification surrounded by mountains and rivers, Lý Công Uẩn moved his court to the new capital in present-day Hanoi and called it Thăng Long (meaning Ascending Dragon). Lý Công Uẩn thus departed from the militarily defensive mentality of his predecessors and envisioned a strong economy as the key to national survival. Successive Lý kings continued to accomplish far reaching feats: building a dike system to protect the rice producing area, founding Quốc Tử Giám, the first noble university, holding regular examinations to select capable commoners for government positions once three years, organizing a new system of taxation, establishing humane treatment of prisoners. Women were holding important roles in the society as the court ladies were in charge of tax collection. The Lý Dynasty also promoted Buddhism, yet maintained a pluralistic attitude toward the three main philosophical systems of the time: Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. During the Lý Dynasty, the Chinese Song Dynasty officially recognized Đại Việt monarch as King of Giao Chỉ (Giao Chỉ Quận Vương). Lý Thái Tổ (974-1028) was the emperor of Vietnam from 1009 to 1128. ... Motto: Độc lập – Tá»± do – Hạnh phúc (Independence, freedom, happiness) Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca Capital Hanoi Largest city Ho Chi Minh City Official language(s) Vietnamese Government Communist single-party state  - General Secretary Nông Ðức Mạnh  - President Nguyá»…n Minh Triết  - Prime... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i, Hán Tá»±: 河内)  , estimated population 3,145,300 (2005), is the capital of Vietnam. ... A silhouette of Buddha at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ... A silhouette of Buddha at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ... Wenmiao Temple, a Confucian Temple in Wuwei, Gansu, China Confucian temple in Kaohsiung, Republic of China (Taiwan). ... Taoism (Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical and religious traditions and concepts. ... A song is a relatively short musical composition. ... Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the South over 900 years For other uses, see Tonkin (disambiguation). ...

The Ly Dynasty had two major wars with Song China, and a few conquests against neighboring Champa in the south. Most notable Song-Ly battle took place on Chinese land in 1075 AD. Upon learning that a Song invasion was imminent, Ly army and navy(about 100000 men) under the command of Lý Thường Kiệt,Tông Đản used amphibious operation to preemptively destroyed 3 Song military installations at Yong Zhou, Qin Zhou, and Lian Zhou in present-day Guangdong and Guangxi killed 100000 chineses. The Song Dynasty took revenge and invaded Dai Viet in 1076 CE yet Song troops were held back at The Battle of Như Nguyệt River (commonly Cầu river), now in Bắc Ninh province (about 40km from the current capital, Hanoi). As neither side could win, the Lý Dynasty proposed a truce, which the Song Dynasty accepted. It has been suggested that Landing operation be merged into this article or section. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯族自治區; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ« Zhuàngzú ZìzhìqÅ«) is a Zhuang autonomous region of...

Toward the end of the Lý Dynasty, a powerful court minister named Trần Thủ Độ forced king Lý Huệ Tông to become a Buddhist monk and set Lý Chiêu Hoàng, Huệ Tông's young daughter, to become queen. Trần Thủ Độ then arranged the marriage of Chiêu Hoàng to his nephew Trần Cảnh and eventually had the throne transferred to Trần Cảnh, thus begun the Trần dynasty. Trần Thủ Độ viciously purged members of the Lý nobility; some Ly princes escaped to Korea, being thought to be the first political exiles in Vienamese history (see Lý Long Tường). Trần Thái Tôngs (1218-1277) given name was Tran Canh. ... The Trần Dynasty (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly Nhà Trần, meaning the Trần House) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Despite the infamous Trần Thủ Độ , most Trần kings ruled the country in similar manner with the Lý kings. Noted Trần Dynasty accomplishments included the creation of a system of population records based at the village level, the compilation of a formal 30-volume history of Đại Việt (Đại Việt Sử Ký) by Lê Văn Hưu, the rising in status of the Nôm script, a system of writing for Vietnamese language. The Trần Dynasty also adopted a unique way to train new kings: as a king aged, he would relinquish the throne to his crown prince, yet holding a title of August higher Emperor (Thái Thượng Hoàng), then acting as a mentor to the new Emperor. ...

During the Trần Dynasty, Đại Việt repelled three invasions (in 1257 AD, 1284 AD, and 1288 AD) by the Mongols under Kublai Khan, who had occupied China and founded the Yuan dynasty (see Mongol invasions of Vietnam). The key to Đại Việt's successes was to avoid the Mongols' strength in open field battles and city sieges (the Tran court abandonned the capital and the cities), then countered them decisively at their weak points, which were battles in swampy areas (such as Chương Dương, Hàm Tử, Vạn Kiếp) and on rivers (such as Vân Đồn and Bạch Đằng). The Mongols also suffered from tropical diseases, losses of supplies to Tran army's raids. The Yuan-Tran war reached its climax when retreating Yuan fleet was decimated at the battle of Bạch Đằng river. The military architect behind Dai Viet's victories was Commander Trần Quốc Tuấn, more popularly known as Trần Hưng Đạo. The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ... Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or the last of the Great Khans (September 23, 1215[8] - February 18, 1294[9]) (Mongolian: Хубилай хаан, Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ), was a Mongol military leader. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire Capital Dadu Language(s) Mongolian Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1260-1294 Kublai Khan  - 1333-1370 Ukhaatu Khan History  - establishing the Yuan Dynasty 1271  - Fall of Dadu September 14, 1368 Population  - 1330 est. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Dai Viet Yuan Mongol Army Yuan Mongol Navy Commanders Tran Hung Dao Tran Khanh Du General Omar Strength 200 000 500 000 Casualties unknown unknown The Battle of Bach Dang took place near Halong Bay in present-day Vietnam, it was part of the Third Yuan Mongol Invasion (1287... Template:Infobox Celebrities cleanup-date|March 2006}} Trần HÆ°ng Đạo (陳興道) (1228-1300) was a Vietnamese Grand Commander-in-Chief during the Trần Dynasty. ... Template:Infobox Celebrities cleanup-date|March 2006}} Trần HÆ°ng Đạo (陳興道) (1228-1300) was a Vietnamese Grand Commander-in-Chief during the Trần Dynasty. ...

It was also during this period that the Trần kings waged many wars against the southern kingdom of Champa, continuing the Viets' long history of southern expansion (known as Nam Tiến) that had begun shortly after gaining independence from China. Often, they encountered strong resistance from the Chams. Champa troops led by king Chế Bồng Nga (Cham: Po Binasuor or Che Bonguar) killed king Trần Duệ Tông in battle and even laid siege to Đại Việt's capital Thăng Long in 1377 AD and again in 1383 AD. However, Trần Dynasty was successful in gaining 2 Champa's provinces, located around presend-day Hue, through the peaceful mean of political marriage of Princess Huyền Trân to a Cham king. South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ... Chế Bồng Nga ruled 1360 - 1390 CE (Cik Bunga) also known as The Red King is the last strong king of the Champa. ... An image with the hues cyclically shifted The hues in the image of this Painted Bunting are cyclically rotated with time. ... Huyen Tran (Vietnamese: Huyền Trân), was a princess during the Trần Dynasty the history of Vietnam. ...

The Trần dynasty was in turn overthrown by one of its own court officials, Hồ Quý Ly. Hồ Quý Ly forced the last Trần king to resign and assumed the throne in 1400 . He changed the country name to Đại Ngu and moved the capital to Tây Đô (Western Capital, now Thanh Hóa). Thăng Long was renamed Đông Đô (Eastern Capital). Although widely blamed for causing national disunity and losing the country later to the Chinese Ming Dynasty, Hồ Quý Ly's reign actually introduced a lot of progressive, ambitious reforms, including the addition of mathematics to the national examinations, the open critique of Confucian philosophy, the use of paper currency in place of coins, the investment in building large warships and cannons, and land reform. He ceded the throne to his son, Hồ Hán Thương, in 1401 and assumed the title Thái Thượng Hoàng, in similar manner to the Trần kings. Ming China under the Yongle Emperor Capital Nanjing (1368-1421) Beijing (1421-1644) Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1368-1398 Hongwu Emperor  - 1627-1644 Chongzhen Emperor History  - Established in Nanjing January 23, 1368  - Fall of Beijing 1644  - End of the Southern Ming April, 1662 Population  - 1393 est. ...

In 1407, under the pretext of helping to restore the Trần Dynasty, Chinese Ming troops invaded Đại Ngu and captured Hồ Quý Ly and Hồ Hán Thương. The Hồ dynasty came to an end after mere 7 years in power. The Ming occupying force annexed Đại Ngu into the Ming Empire after claiming that there was no heir to Tran throne. Almost immediately, Trần loyalists started a resistance war. The resistance, under the leadership of Trần Quĩ, at first gained some advances, yet as Trần Quĩ executed 2 top commanders out of suspicion, a rift widened within his ranks and resulted in his defeat in 1413. Year 1407 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Ming is a common personal name in China, It may also mean: Ming Dynasty, the ruling dynasty in China from 1368 to 1644 Ming class submarine, a class of diesel-electric submarines built by China Motorola MING, a smartphone released by Motorola Ming library, a C library with PHP bindings...

Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the south (the Nam Tien).

In 1418, a wealthy farmer,Lê Lợi, led the Lam son revolution against the Ming from his base of Lam Sơn (Thanh Hóa province). Overcoming many early setbacks and with strategic advices from Nguyễn Trãi, Lê Lợi's movement finally gathered momentum, marched northward, and launched a siege at Đông Quan (now Hanoi), the capital of the Ming occupation. The Ming Emperor sent a reinforcement force, but Lê Lợi staged an ambush and killed the Ming commander, Liễu Thăng (Chinese: Liu Sheng), in Chi Lăng.Ming troops at Đông Quan surrendered.Totally,the Lam son revolution killed 300000 Ming soldiers. In 1428, Lê Lợi ascended to the throne and began the Hậu Lê dynasty (Posterior Lê). Lê Lợi renamed the country back to Đại Việt and moved the capital back to Thăng Long. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (428x713, 18 KB) Summary Created by CGlassey, based on province map of Vietnam. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (428x713, 18 KB) Summary Created by CGlassey, based on province map of Vietnam. ... Lê Lợi (1384? - 1433). ... Nguyá»…n Trãi (Hán nôm 阮廌), also known under his pseudonym Ức Trai 抑齋 (1380 - 1442) was a Vietnamese Confucian Scholar, politician, strategist and poet. ... Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... // Le Loi(1382-1433), emperor Le Thai To(1428-1433) Background and aspiration Lê Lợi came from a wealthy landowner family. ... Motto: Độc lập – Tá»± do – Hạnh phúc (Independence, freedom, happiness) Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca Capital Hanoi Largest city Ho Chi Minh City Official language(s) Vietnamese Government Communist single-party state  - General Secretary Nông Ðức Mạnh  - President Nguyá»…n Minh Triết  - Prime...

The Lê Dynasty carried out land reform to revitalize the economy after the war. Unlike the Lý and Trần kings, who were more influenced by Buddhism, the Lê kings leaned toward Confucianism. A comprehensive set of laws, the Hồng Đức Code was introduced with some strong Confucian elements, yet also included some progressive rules, such as the rights of women. Art and architecture during the Le Dynasty also became more influenced by Chinese styles than during the Lý and Trần Dynasty. The Lê Dynasty commissioned the drawing of national maps and had Ngô Sĩ Liên continue the task of writing Đại Việt's history up to the time of Lê Lợi. King Lê Thánh Tông opened hospitals to care for the old and sick, and had officials distributed medicines to areas affected with epidemics. Le Thanh Tong (1442–1497) was king of Vietnam from 1460 till his death from old age. ...

In 1471, Lê troops led by king Lê Thánh Tông invaded Champa, captured its capital Vijaya. This event effectively ended Champa as a powerful kingdom, although some smaller surviving Cham kingdoms still lasted for a few centuries more. It initiated the dispersal of the Cham people across Southeast Asia. With the kingdom of Champa mostly destroyed and the Cham people exiled or suppressed, Vietnamese colonization of what is now central Vietnam proceeded without substantial resistance. However, despite becoming greatly outnumbered by Kinh settlers and the integration of formerly Cham territory into the Vietnamese nation, the majority of Cham people nevertheless remained in Vietnam and now considered one of the key minorities in modern Vietnam. (The modern city of Huế, founded in 1600 lies close to where the Champa capital of Indrapura once stood). In 1479, king Lê Thánh Tôn also campaigned against Laos captured its capital LuangPhrabang. This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Le Thanh Tong (1442–1497) was king of Vietnam from 1460 till his death from old age. ... South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ... Huế (順化 in Chinese characters) is a city in Vietnam. ...

Divided period (1528 AD - 1802 AD)

The Lê dynasty was overthrown by a general named Mạc Đăng Dung in 1527 . He killed the Lê emperor and proclaimed himself king, starting the Mạc Dynasty. After defeating many revolutions for two years, Mạc Đăng Dung adopted Trần Dynasty's practice and ceded the throne to his son, Mạc Đăng Doanh, and became Thái Thượng Hoàng. Mạc Đăng Dung was a king of Viet Nam and founder of the Mac dynasty. ... The Mạc Dynasty. ...

Meanwhile, Nguyễn Kim, a former official in the Lê court, revoluted against the Mạc and helped king Lê Trang Tông restore the Lê court in the Thanh Hóa area. Thus a civil war began between the Northern Court (Mạc) and the Southern Court (Restored Lê). Nguyễn Kim's side controlled the southern part of Đại Việt(from Thanh hoa to the south), leaving the north (include Đông Kinh-Hà Nội)under Mạc control. When Nguyễn Kim was assassinated in 1545, military power fell into the hand of his son-in-law, Trịnh Kiểm. In 1558, Nguyễn Kim's son, Nguyễn Hoàng, suspecting that Trịnh Kiểm might kill him as his brother to secure power, asked to be granted rulership of the far south provinces (around present day Quảng Trị to Quảng Nam). He governed the south effectively while Trịnh Kiểm and then his son Trịnh Tùng carried on the war against the Mạc. Nguyễn Hoàng sent money and soldiers north to help the war but gradually he became more and more independent. Nguyá»…n Kim (also called Nguyá»…n Krai) 1476 - 1545; ruled part of Vietnam from 1533 - 1545. ... Thanh Hoa is a city in Vietnam. ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... Trịnh Kiểm ruled part of Vietnam from 1545 - 1570. ... Nguyen Hoang 1525 - 1613; ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam from 1558 - 1613. ... Quang Tri (in Vietnamese Quảng Trị  ) is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam, next to the former capital of Huế. This is where the southernmost Chinese commandery of Rinan was centred during the Later Han dynasty (25-220 CE). ... Quang Nam (Vietnamese Quảng Nam) is a province in central of Vietnam. ...

The civil war between Lê/Trịnh and Mạc dynasties ended in 1592, when the army of Trịnh Tùng conquered Hanoi and executed king Mạc Mậu Hợp. Survivors of the Mạc royal family fled to the northern mountains in the province of Cao Bằng and continued to rule there until 1667 when Trịnh Tạc conquered this last of Mạc territory. The Lê kings, since Nguyễn Kim's restoration, only acted as a figurehead. After the fall of the Mạc Dynasty, all real power in the north belonged to the Trịnh Lords. Year 1592 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Trinh Tung ruled Vietnam from 1570 - 1623 (also known as Trinh Tong and also given the title Binh An Vuong) Trinh Tung, one of the famous Trinh Lords who ruled Vietnam while a succession of figurehead kings nominally ruled the country. ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i, Hán Tá»±: 河内)  , estimated population 3,145,300 (2005), is the capital of Vietnam. ... Cao Bang (in Vietnamese, Cao Bằng) is a province of Vietnam. ... Trịnh Tạc ruled Vietnam from 1654 - 1682 Trinh Tac, one of the most successful of the Trinh Lords who ruled north Vietnam. ... Trịnh Lords (1553-1789) A series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving a figurehead as king. ...

In the year 1600, Nguyễn Hoàng also declared himself Lord (officially "Vương", popularly "Chúa") and refused to send more money or soldiers to help the Trịnh. He also moved his capital to a new place, Phú Xuân (modern-day Huế). Nguyễn Hoàng died in 1613 after having ruled the south for 55 years. He was succeeded by his 6th son, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, who likewise refused to acknowledge the power of the Trịnh, yet still pledged allegiance to the Lê king. 1600 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Huế (化 in Vietnamese Chữ nôm, 順化 in Chinese characters) is the former modern capital of Vietnam. ... Nguyen Phuc Nguyen (1563 - 1635); ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam from 1613 - 1635. ...

When Trịnh Tùng died in 1623 he was succeeded by his son Trịnh Tráng who ordered Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên to submit to his authority. The order was refused, twice. In 1627, Trịnh Tráng commanded his 150000 troops southward but defeated. Trịnh Tráng ruled Vietnam from 1623 – 1654. ... Events A Dutch ship makes the first recorded sighting of the coast of South Australia. ...

Map of Vietnam showing (roughly) the areas controlled by the Trịnh, Nguyễn, Mac, and Champa about the year 1640

One of the earliest Western maps of Vietnam, published in 1651 by Alexandre de Rhodes (north is oriented to the right)

The Trịnh-Nguyễn War lasted from 1627 until 1672 . The Trịnh army staged at least seven offensives, all of which failed to capture Phú Xuân. For a time, starting in 1651, the Nguyễn themselves went on the offensive and attacked parts of Trịnh territory. However, the Trịnh, under a new leader, Trịnh Tạc, forced the Nguyễn back by 1655 . After one last offensive in 1672, Trịnh Tạc agreed to a truce with the Nguyễn Lord Nguyễn Phúc Tân. The country was effectively divided in two. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (428x713, 15 KB) Summary Created by CGlassey, based on province map of Vietnam. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (428x713, 15 KB) Summary Created by CGlassey, based on province map of Vietnam. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Old_map_of_Vietnam. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Old_map_of_Vietnam. ... Alexandre de Rhodes (March 15, 1591 - November 5, 1660) was a French Jesuit missionary. ... Trịnh-Nguyen War (1627 - 1673) - A long war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ... Trịnh Tạc ruled Vietnam from 1654 - 1682 Trinh Tac, one of the most successful of the Trinh Lords who ruled north Vietnam. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ...

The Trịnh and the Nguyễn maintained a relative peace for the next 100 years, during which both sides made significant accomplishments. The Trịnh created centralized government offices in charge of state budget and producing currency, unified the weight units into a decimal system, established printing shops to reduce the need to import printed materials from China, opened a military academy, and compiled history books.

Meanwhile, the Nguyễn Lords continued the southward expansion by the conquest of the remaining Cham land. Việt settlers also arrived into the sparsely populated area known as "Water Chenla", which was the lower