Streets of Vladivostok in the 1910s

The history of Vladivostok can roughly be divided into the history of the territory where Vladivostok is located and into the history of the city per se. Image File history File links Vladavostak. ... Image File history File links Vladavostak. ... // Events and trends The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th Century. ... City and harbor of Vladivostok with the Statue to the fighters for Soviet power in the Far East (bottom right) Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Chinese border and North Korea. ...

Influences

The area that is now Vladivostok was successively settled by ancient peoples and kingdoms such as the Mohe, Goguryeo, and Balhae, and later, the Khitans and the Jurchens. The Mohe (靺鞨, Korean: Malgal, 말갈), were a Tungusic tribe in ancient Manchuria. ... Goguryeo (traditional dates 37 B.C. – A.D. 668) was a kingdom in northern Korea and a large part of Manchuria. ... Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Balhae (Korean) or Bohai (Chinese) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and Russian Far East. ... The Khitan, in Chinese Qidan (契丹 Pinyin: Qìdān), were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria and was classified in Chinese history as one of the Tungus ethnic groups (東胡族 dōng hú zú). They established the Liao dynasty in 907, which was then conquered in 1125 by the... The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus. ...

On Chinese maps of Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) it is called Yongmingcheng (永明城 [Yǒngmíngchéng], literally "city of eternal light"). During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) it was visited by Chinese expeditions, and a relic of that time — a Chongning stela — is displayed in the local museum. The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 defined the area as a part of China, under the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Later on, as the Manchus banned Han Chinese from most of Manchuria including the Vladivostok area — it was only visited by shēnzéi (參賊, lit. either ginseng or sea cucumber thieves) who illegally entered the area seeking ginseng or sea cucumbers (ambiguous since both terms use the Chinese 參, shēn). From this comes the current Chinese name for the city, 海參崴 (Hǎishēnwǎi) meaning "Sea Cucumber Cliffs". A French ship which is believed to have visited the area around 1858 discovered several huts of Chinese or Manchu fishermen. The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Yuáncháo; Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Events Timur ascends throne of Samarkand. ... Ming redirects here. ... Events Timur ascends throne of Samarkand. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... Emperor Huizong (November 2, 1082 – June 4, 1135) was the eighth and one of the most famous emperors of the Song Dynasty of China, with a personal life spent amidst luxury, sophistication and art but ending in tragedy. ... Stele is also a concept in plant biology. ... Nerchinsk Treaty was the first treaty between Russia and China. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: 满族; Traditional Chinese: 滿族; pinyin: MÇŽnzú) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, is a Chinese term for the Empire of the Great Qing (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: dàqÄ«ngguó), founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Manchuria (Manchu: Manju; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; Simplified Chinese: 满洲; pinyin: MÇŽnzhōu, Russian: ) is a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... Ginseng (Panax) is a genus of about five or six species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, in the family Araliaceae. ... Orders Subclass Apodacea  Apodida  Molpadiida Subclass Aspidochirotacea  Aspidochirotida  Elasipodida Subclass Dendrochirotacea  Dactylochirotida  Dendrochirotida The sea cucumber is an echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin and is mostly found on the sea floor worldwide. ...

Russian control

The area was ceded by China to Russia as a result of the Treaty of Aigun of 1858 and the Treaty of Peking of 1860. The Treaty of Aigun was the Russian-Chinese treaty that established the modern borders of the Russian Far East. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Convention of Peking (October 18, 1860), also known as the First Convention of Peking, was a treaty between the Qing Government of China and the British Empire, and between China and France, and China and Russia. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ...

In the summer of 1859, Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, Nikolay N. Muravyov, visited the peninsula and the bay, which was somewhat similar to the Bay of the Golden Horn in Constantinople (now Istanbul), aboard the steam corvette Amerika. The peninsula was named Muravyov-Amursky in his honor. 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Siberia (Russian: , Sibir’; Tatar: Seber) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ... Count Nikolay N. Muravyov-Amursky Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Amursky (also spelled as Nikolai Nikolaevich Muraviev-Amurskiy) (Russian: ) (August 11 (August 23 in the Julian calendar), 1809—November 30(18), 1881) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, who played a major role in expansion of the Russian Empire to the Pacific... View of Golden Horn from Eyup Sultan Cemetery The Golden Horn (in Turkish Haliç, in Greek Khrysokeras or Chrysoceras or Χρυσοκερας) is an estuary dividing the city of Istanbul. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural, and economic centre. ...

The first Europeans to visit the local bay (later named the Golden Horn Bay) were two English frigates Winchester and Barrakuda in 1855. 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

During the reign of Josef Stalin, between 50,000 and 130,000 Chinese and Manchu people were killed or relocated. All Koreans were forced out as well. (Russian, in full: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953...

Beginning of the modern city

On June 20 (July 2 Gregorian style), 1860 the military supply ship Manchur, under the command of Captain-Lieutenant Alexey K. Shefner, called at the Golden Horn Bay to found an outpost called Vladivostok. Ensign N.V. Komarov with 28 soldiers and two non-commissioned officers under his command were brought from Nikolayevsk-on-Amur by ship to construct the first buildings of the future city. They pitched a camp, selecting a place from where the entrance to the Golden Horn Bay was always visible. June 20 is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 194 days remaining. ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used nearly everywhere in the world. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (Russian: Никола́евск-на-Аму́ре, often transliterated directly as Nikolayevsk-na-Amure) (2002 population—28,492) is a town in Russia and the administrative center of Nikolayevsky District, Khabarovsk Krai. ...

In 1862, the outpost of Vladivostok officially became a port. With the purpose to encourage foreign trade, a Free Port Status, or a Free Trade Status for imported goods, was established. In 1864, the Command of the Southern Harbours was moved to Vladivostok from Nikolayevsk-na-Amure. A year later a Shipbuilding Yard was established in Vladivostok and the first settlers from Nikolayevsk-na-Amure began arriving. Foreigners started visiting Vladivostok. In 1871 it was decided that the Naval Port, Military Governor's Residence, and the main base of the Siberian Military Flotilla were to be moved from Nikolayevsk-na-Amure to Vladivostok. The same year the Danish Telegraphic Company connected Vladivostok to Nagasaki and Shanghai by means of underwater International cable. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Nagasaki City Hall Mayor {{{Mayor}}} Address 〒850-8685 Nagasaki-shi, Sakura-machi 2-22 Phone number 095-825-5151 Official website: www1. ... Shanghai (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Shanghainese: ), stuated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta in East China, is the largest city of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Vladivostok's first street was Amerikanskaya Street (ул. Америка́нская), which was named to commemorate the above-mentioned corvette America in 1871. Two years later it was renamed Svetlanskaya Street (ул. Светла́нская), in honor of the frigate Svetlana, on which the Grand Duke Alexey Aleksandrovich visited Vladivostok. At that time it consisted of a part of today's Svetlanskaya Street, from the Amursky Bay to house #85. Its other parts were then considered as separate streets and had the names of Portovaya (Порто́вая), Afanasyevskaya (Афана́сьевская), Ekipazhnaya (Экипа́жная), etc.

In 1878, 40% of over 4,000 residents of Vladivostok were foreigners. This was reflected in the names of the young city streets, such as Koreyskaya (Korean), Pekinskaya (Peking), Kitayskaya (Chinese), etc. Their present names are Pogranichnaya (ул. Пограни́чная), Admirala Fokina (ул. Адмира́ла Фо́кина), and Okeansky Avenue (Океа́нский проспе́кт). 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1880 the Volunteer's Fleet, with the help of the government, organized regular trips between Odessa, St. Petersburg, and Vladivostok. On April 28 (May 10 Gregorian style), 1880 Vladivostok was officially proclaimed a city, and a separate administrative unit, independent from Primorskaya Oblast. At that time the city population totalled 7,300 people, which is twice as many as in 1878. Three hotels operated in Vladivostok at that time, including Moscow, Vladivostok, and Hotel de Louvre. 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Odessa (disambiguation). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ...

In 1883, the Resettlement Administration was established in Vladivostok, and the steamships of the Volunteer's Fleet began a mass transport of peasants from European Russia to the Far East, where active settling had recently begun. Vladivostok became the main shipping center. This resulted in a greater increase in the city's significance. In 1888 the residence of the Oblast Governor was moved from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok. In 1889 Vladivostok was proclaimed a Fortress, and two torpedo-boats, brought disassembled from the Black Sea, were launched. 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Far Eastern Federal District (highlighted in red) Russian Far East (Russian: Д́альний Вост́ок Росс́ии; English transliteration: Dalny Vostok Rossii) is an informal term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Khabarovsk Bridge (1916) used to be the longest in Imperial Russia and Eurasia. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Map of the Black Sea. ...

In the 1880s, the cultural life in Vladivostok became more active, and a music school at the Siberian Fleet Depot was opened. In 1883, the first newspaper (Vladivostok) began circulation. In 1884, the Society of the Amursky Territory Study, headed by Fyodor F. Busse, was established. In 1887, the public Reading-Hall was opened in Vladivostok and the professional theater performed in Vladivostok for the first time. The city began to acquire modern amenities. The trees were planted along the main streets and 120 kerosene streetlamps were installed on the city streets. // Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ...

By the end of 1880s Vladivostok had approximately 600 wooden and more than 50 stone houses, some of them were two- and three-story buildings. The main urban buildings were grouped in the area of today's central square and the Matrosskaya Sloboda (Sailors' Suburb)—a territory from the Obyasneniya River as far as Gaydamak tram stop. These figures are not large for a city which was about 30 years old. But considering the fact that it is located 10,000 km from the major cultural centers of the Russian Empire and that it took three to four months for the mail to arrive from those places, one can admire the persistence and stubbornness of the first settlers. Sloboda was a kind of settlement in the history of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. ... Official language Russian Official Religion Russian Orthodox Christianity Capital Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1925) Area Approx. ...

In the 1890s, the shipping lines Kobe–Nagasaki–Vladivostok and Shanghai–Nagasaki–Vladivostok were opened. The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... , Kobe ) is a city in Japan located on the island of Honshu. ...

In 1891, the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad began in Vladivostok. This is one of the world's longest railroads, and has been very important for the development of many remote Russian outlying districts. 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Trans-Siberian line in red; Baikal Amur Mainline in green. ...

In 1897, a new Commercial Port was opened in Vladivostok and regular traffic to Khabarovsk by rail began. 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1899, the first Far Eastern higher educational institution—the Oriental Institute—was established. Today it houses the main building of the Far Eastern State Technical University (FESTU). 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Far Eastern State Technical University (FESTU) (Russian: ) is a university located in Vladivostok, Russia. ...

From 1899 through 1909 four theaters were opened in Vladivostok. They were the Tikhy Okean Theater (the Pacific Ocean), the Public Theater, which followed the creative methods of Moscow Artistic Theater, the Zolotoy Rog Theater (the Golden Horn), the Pushkin Theater, where the guest performance by Vera Kommisarzhevskaya, a famous Russian actress, took place. In 1912 The Theater and Music Newspaper was first published. 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Vera Fyodorovna Komissarzhevskaya (1864, St. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 a Japanese squadron of warships attacked the city with over a hundred shots. The Vladivostok Cruiser Group participated in the war, blocking the approaches to the besieged Port-Arthur. Combatants Imperial Russia Empire of Japan Commanders N/A N/A Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 134,817+ KIA/POW, 170,000 MIA etc. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Location within China Lüshun city or Lüshunkou or (literally) Lüshun Port (Simplified Chinese: 旅顺口; Traditional Chinese: 旅順口; Pinyin: , formerly in historic references both Port Arthur and Ryojun, is a town in the southernmost administrative district of Dalian of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

During the first Russian Revolution the city was involved in the conflict. In the beginning of 1906 it was even governed by the rebelling military units. 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In the period between the two Russian Revolutions (1907–1917) a Railway Station of Russian architecture of the 17th century style, the city power station, two girls' schools, the School of Commerce, and Versailles Hotel were constructed. Trams began operating in the city streets. In 1909, for example, the port was visited by a total of 795 steamships, including 477 foreign ships. There were approximately 3,000 shops and stores in Vladivostok. In 1913, the local publishing houses issued 61 different books in Russian and foreign languages. 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

By 1917 Vladivostok had become a scientific, cultural, and industrial center, the largest in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. Many newspapers and magazines were published, and the first theater buildings of stone were constructed in the city.

After the Revolution

After the October Revolution of 1917 a new stage of life began in Vladivostok, as it did in the rest of the country. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, which, after the elimination of the Russian autocracy system, and the Provisional Government (Duma), resulted in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ...

The armed forces of the Entente were brought into the city and the West of Russia. On December 31, 1917 Japanese, British, and American cruisers entered the Golden Horn Bay. In April of 1918, the Japanese firm Isido was attacked in Vladivostok. After this incident the Japanese and British Commands landed their troops under the pretext of protecting their citizens. European military alliances in 1915. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The supporters of the Bolsheviks conducted a partisan struggle in the city. From 1916 through 1922 the population of Vladivostok increased from 97,000 to 410,000 people, as a result of the opponents of the new regime settling in the port city while retreating to the East together with the White Army. Among them were many Russian cultural workers. Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

From 1920 through 1922, 650 representatives of the Moscow and St. Petersburg creative intelligentsia lived in Vladivostok. They established two conservatories, two theaters, and several symphony orchestras here. They also published a number of art magazines. (After the victory of Bolsheviks the majority of these people moved to Australia, China, United States, and other countries. By 1926 the population of Vladivostok totalled 108,000 people). 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The intelligentsia (from Latin: intelligentia) is a social class of people engaged in complex mental and creative labor directed to the development and dissemination of culture, encompassing intellectuals and social groups close to them (e. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

On October 25, 1922 the last units of the interventionists left the city, and the units of the Red Army completely took control. On November 15, 1922 the Far Eastern Republic, which existed from 1920 through 1922, was included into the RSFSR. October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... Flag of the Far Eastern Republic The Far Eastern Republic (Russian: Дальневосто́чная Респу́блика (ДВР); English transliteration: Dalnevostochnaya Respublika (DVR)) was a nominally independent state established in the former Russian Far East and Siberia east of Lake Baikal on April 6, 1920. ... State motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None (Russian in practice) Capital Moscow Chairman of the Supreme...

The Bolsheviks who won control of Russia understood very well the importance of Vladivostok as a major Russian port on the Pacific Coast and as an outpost of the Soviet Union in the East. In the 1920s–1930s the reconstruction of the Vladivostok port began. In the beginning of the 1930s direct air traffic to Moscow and Vladivostok began. In 1932, Vladivostok became the base of the Pacific Naval Fleet. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

Science and culture acquired the spirit of that time, which was reflected in their zigzag development. In the beginning of the 1920s the Far Eastern State University was established in Vladivostok. At the end of the 1930s, during Stalin's regime, it was closed for twenty years. In 1925, the Pacific Scientific-Commercial Station was established in Vladivostok. It was reorganized into the Pacific Scientific-Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) in 1930. In 1932 the Far Eastern Division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was created in the city. Far Eastern State University is a university in Vladivostok, Russia. ... Stalin redirects here. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ...

In 1926, a radio station began broadcasting in Vladivostok. Three theaters and three new movie-theaters were opened in the city in 1931. The collection of the Primorye Picture Gallery was formed during 1929–1931. About 1,000 pictures were brought here from the Hermitage, Russian Museum, and Tretyakovskaya Gallery. After the Revolution of 1917 many museums located in the Russian provinces were formed by this principle. 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The State Hermitage Museum (Государственный Эрмитаж) in St. ... Portrait of Pavel Tretyakov (1883) The State Tretyakov Gallery is the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world. ...

In the 1930s the mass repressions began in the country, and the transit camp for political prisoners carried from the Western regions of Russia to Kolyma, was opened in Vladivostok. The prisoners were arriving by trains and later transported on prison ships, in terrible conditions. The prisoners, at first Soviet, after 1939 from Eastern Europe and after the end of the World War II the Japanese POWs, constituted a considerable part of the labor force which built factories, ports, and cities in the Far East from 1930 through 1940. The Kolyma (pronounced kah-lee-MAH) region is located in the far northeastern area of the Russian Federation. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...

In 1954, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, visited Vladivostok. Nikita Khrushchev was the first acting leader of Russia and the whole USSR, who visited the city. Khrushchev became famous worldwide for his eccentric statements and actions. He also used to compare Vladivostok with San Francisco. After his visit intensive development of the city began. 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... (Russian: , Nikita Sergeevič Hruščëv; surname commonly romanized as Khrushchev, IPA: ; April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Nickname: The City by the Bay; Fog City Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California Coordinates: City-County San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom (D) Area    - City 600. ...

In 1956, the Far Eastern State University, the only classical university in the Russian Far East until today, was reopened. The microdistricts of Vtoraya Rechka (the Second River) (since the early 1960s), Morgorodok (since the early 1960s), Churkin (since the late 1950s), and Tikhaya Bay have been built intensively. Vladivostok's last large district built with the new multistory houses is the region of Patrisa Lumumby Street and Neybuta Street where the multistory construction works began in 1980. 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Microdistrict, or microraion (Russian: ; Chinese: 小区; Pinyin: Xiǎoqū), is a residential compound—a primary structural element of the residential area construction used in the Soviet Union, other former Warsaw pact countries, and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... The 1950s was the decade spanning the years 1950 to 1959. ... Tikhaya Bay (Russian: , translated as Quiet Bay) may refer to one of the following places. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

From 1950s to the 1980s the fisheries industry was developed. For many years the ports of Vladivostok ranked first in terms of freight turnover in the Far East of Russia, having only recently yielded to Nakhodka. Vladivostok produced a large volume of military goods. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

From 1930 till 1970s foreigners were not allowed to visit Vladivostok. In 1974 a historic meeting between the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Leonid Brezhnev and the president of the USA, Gerald Ford, was held in Vladivostok. Nevertheless, after Ford's visit to Vladivostok the ordinary citizens of the USA and other countries could not visit the city, which was home base of the Pacific Fleet, for almost 20 years. In 1992, for the first time in 70 years, Vladivostok was officially opened for visits by foreigners. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... A closed city (town) is a city/town with travel and residency restrictions in the former Soviet Union, or in a CIS country. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the All... Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Russian: ; December 19 [O.S. January 1 1907] 1906 – November 10, 1982) was the effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

As of 1996, there are six consulates, correspondent offices of four Japanese TV-companies, information service of the USA, more than 100 representative offices of foreign firms and approximately 600 joint venture enterprises in Vladivostok. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

External links

• Photos of the American invasion and occupation of Vladivostok