Howard Hughes
Born	24 December 1905(1905-12-24) Humble (Houston), Texas, U.S.
Died	5 April 1976 (aged 70) Houston, Texas, U.S.
Occupation	Chairman, Hughes Aircraft; industrialist; aviator; engineer; film producer
Net worth	US$12.8 bn (1958 Forbes 400)
Spouse	Ella Rice (1925-1929) Terry Moore (purported) (1949-1976) Jean Peters

Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (24 December 1905 – 5 April 1976), was an eccentric American aviator, engineer, industrialist, film producer and director, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. He is famous for setting multiple world air-speed records, building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules aircraft, producing the movies Hell's Angels, Scarface and The Outlaw, as well as owning and expanding Trans World Airlines. Download high resolution version (1092x1437, 364 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1905 (disambiguation). ... Humble is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. ... Houston redirects here. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Houston redirects here. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... A Chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ... Hughes logo adopted after his death Hughes developed the AIM-120 AMRAAM, one of the worlds most advanced air-to-air missiles Hughes Aircraft Company was a major defense/aerospace company founded by Howard Hughes. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... The Forbes 400 or 400 Richest Americans (est. ... Moore on the cover of Playboy, August 1984 Terry Moore (born Helen Luella Koford, January 7, 1929) is an Oscar-nominated American actress. ... Elizabeth Jean Peters (October 15, 1926 – October 13, 2000) was an American actress. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1905 (disambiguation). ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ... Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... “Tycoon” redirects here. ... Director Herbert Brenon with actress Alla Nazimova on the set of War Brides, 1916 A director is a person who directs the making of a film. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The SR-71 Blackbird is the current record holder. ... H-1 Racer as it looked in 1935 The H-1 was a racing aircraft built by Howard Hughes company in 1935. ... The Hughes H-4 Hercules is a one-off heavy transport aircraft designed and built by the Hughes Aircraft company, making its first and only flight in 1947. ... Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ... Hells Angels Theatrical Release poster Hells Angels was a 1930 film directed by Howard Hughes. ... Scarface (also known as Scarface, the Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation) is a 1932 gangster film of the Pre-Code era which tells the story of gang warfare and police intervention when rival gangs fight over control of a city. ... A colorized image of Jack Buetel as Billy the Kid. ... Trans World Airlines (IATA: TW, ICAO: TWA, and Callsign: TWA), commonly known as TWA, was an American airline company that was acquired by American Airlines in April 2001. ...

Howard Hughes is a recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal (presented 7 August 1939). Congressional Gold Medal presented to Navajo Code talkers in 2000 The Congressional Gold Medal should not be confused with the Medal of Honor (commonly called the Congressional Medal of Honor), which is also awarded by Congress, but only to military members as the highest military decoration of the United States. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Biography

Early years

The Hughes birthplace is disputed in various sources as both Humble, Texas and Houston, Texas is given. He also claimed his birthday was Christmas Eve, although some biographers debate his exact birth date, (according to NNDB.com, it was most likely "the more mundane date of September 24"^[1] ). His parents were Allene Stone Gano Hughes (a descendant of Catherine of Valois, Dowager Queen of England, by second husband Owen Tudor) ^[2][3] and Howard R. Hughes, Sr., who patented the tri-cone roller bit, which allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. Howard R. Hughes, Sr., founded Hughes Tool Company in 1909 to commercialize this invention. Humble is a city in Harris County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. ... Houston redirects here. ... The Christmas Eve (1904-05), watercolor painting by the Swedish painter Carl Larsson (1853-1919) Christmas Eve, the evening of December 24th, the preceding day or vigil before Christmas Day, is treated to a greater or a lesser extent in most Christian societies as part of the Christmas season. ... NNDB, ostensibly standing for Notable Names Database, produced by Soylent Communications, is an online database of biographical details of notable people. ... Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the Queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422. ... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen-in-Parliament) legislative power. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Hughes Family Gravesite at Glenwood Cemetery Howard Robard Hughes, Sr. ... Drilling rig head Well drilling is the process of drilling a hole in the ground for the extraction of a natural resource such as ground water, natural gas, or petroleum. ... Hughes Tool Company was established in 1909 as Sharp-Hughes Tool Company when Howard R. Hughes, Sr. ...

Hughes grew up under the strong influence of his mother, who was obsessed with protecting her son from all germs and diseases. From his father, Hughes inherited an interest in all things mechanical. Showing great aptitude in engineering at an early age, Hughes erected Houston's first wireless broadcast system when he was 11 years old.^[4] At age 12, Hughes was supposedly photographed in the local newspaper as being the first boy in Houston to have a 'motorized' bicycle, which he had built himself from parts taken from his father's steam engine.^[5] He was an indifferent student with a liking for mathematics and flying, taking flying lessons at 14^[6] and later auditing math and engineering courses at Caltech.^[7] Germ can mean: Microorganism, especially a pathogenic one; see Germ theory of disease. ... This article is about the medical term. ... Engineering is the discipline of acquiring and applying knowledge of design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... California Institute of Technology The California Institute of Technology (commonly known as Caltech) is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ...

Allene Hughes died in March 1922, due to complications from an ectopic pregnancy. In January 1924, Howard Hughes, Sr., died of a heart attack. Their deaths apparently inspired Hughes to include the creation of a medical research laboratory in his 1925 will.^{[citation needed]} Because Howard Sr.'s will had not been updated since Allene's death, Hughes inherited 75% of the family fortune.^[8] On his 19th birthday, Hughes was declared an emancipated minor, enabling him to take full control of his legacy. ^[9] Heart attack redirects here. ... In the common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the testator) regulates the rights of others over his property or family after death. ... Emancipation of minors is a legal mechanism by which a person below the age of majority (adulthood) gains certain rights, generally identical to those of adults. ...

Hughes dropped out of Rice University shortly after his father's death. In June 1925, he married Ella Rice, and moved to Hollywood, where Hughes hoped to make a name for himself making movies. Lovett Hall William Marsh Rice University (commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art) is a private, comprehensive research university located in Houston, Texas, USA, near the Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. ... ...

Hollywood

Outlaw poster

Hughes was at first dismissed by Hollywood insiders as a rich man's son. However, his first two films, 1927's Everybody's Acting and 1928's Two Arabian Knights, were financial successes, the latter winning an Academy Award for Best Director of a Comedy Picture. 1928's The Racket and 1931's The Front Page were nominated for Academy Awards. Hughes spent a then-unheard-of $3.8 million of his own money to make Hell's Angels, an epic flying film that ultimately became a smash hit after overcoming many obstacles, released in 1930. He produced another hit, Scarface, in 1932. One of his best-known films may be The Outlaw which made a star of Jane Russell, for whom Hughes designed a special bra (although Russell decided against wearing the bra because of a mediocre fit). Scarface and The Outlaw both received considerable attention from industry censors; Scarface for its violence, The Outlaw due to Russell's revealing costumes. Image File history File links The_Outlaw_poster. ... Image File history File links The_Outlaw_poster. ... Two Arabian Knights (1927) is a silent black and white comedy film directed by Lewis Milestone. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... The Racket was one of the first films nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture (then called Best Picture, Production) in 1927. ... The Front Page is the name of a 1931 motion picture starring Adolphe Menjou, Pat OBrien and directed by Lewis Milestone. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Hells Angels Theatrical Release poster Hells Angels was a 1930 film directed by Howard Hughes. ... Scarface (also known as Scarface, the Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation) is a 1932 gangster film of the Pre-Code era which tells the story of gang warfare and police intervention when rival gangs fight over control of a city. ... A colorized image of Jack Buetel as Billy the Kid. ... With Bob Hope in 1944. ... Bra - front Bra - back A brassiere ( ; , commonly referred to as a bra, ) is an article of clothing that covers, supports, and elevates the breasts. ...

He signed an unknown actor, David Bacon, in 1942 to play Billy the Kid, and then later replaced him with Jack Buetel. According to Albert "Cubby" Broccoli and Lucien Ballard, both of whom worked on The Outlaw, Hughes and Buetel had a sexual relationship, which also influenced Bacon's replacement in the movie. Bacon's murder the following year sparked an investigation which brought to light allegations of the affair between them and which may have indirectly led to Bacon's death. Bacon's widow, Greta Keller, claimed later that he wanted to get out of his contract with Hughes and had been prepared to reveal details about their alleged homosexual relationship in order to secure a release from the studio. However, according to the book written by Brown and Boeske, hundreds of depositions from Hughes' associates have never revealed any evidence that he was gay. David Bacon (March 24, 1914 – September 13, 1943) was an American film actor. ... For other uses, see Billy the Kid (disambiguation). ... Jack Buetel as Billy the Kid, in The Outlaw (1943). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Lucien Ballard (6 May 1908 - 1 October 1988) was an American cinematographer and director of photography. ... Greta Keller-Bacon (February 8, 1903 – November 11, 1977) Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress. ... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ...

Hughes kept his wife isolated at home for weeks at a time and, in 1929, she returned to Houston and filed for divorce. Hughes was a notorious ladies' man who spent time with many famous women, including Billie Dove, Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis, Ava Gardner, Olivia de Havilland and Gene Tierney. He also proposed to Joan Fontaine several times, according to her autobiography No Bed of Roses. Bessie Love was a mistress during his first marriage. Jean Harlow accompanied him to the premiere of Hell's Angels, but Hughes' longtime, right-hand man, Noah Dietrich, wrote many years later that the relationship was strictly professional—Hughes personally disliked Harlow. In his 1971 book, Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes, Dietrich also noted that Hughes genuinely liked and respected Jane Russell but never sought romantic involvement with her. According to Russell's autobiography, however, Hughes once tried to bed her after a party. Russell (who was married at the time) refused him and Hughes promised it would never happen again. The two maintained a professional and private friendship for many years. Hughes remained good friends with Tierney – when Tierney's daughter Daria who was born deaf and blind with severe mental retardation due to Tierney being exposed to the German Measles during her pregnancy, he saw to it that Daria received the best medical care and paid all expenses. Tierney never forgot his acts of kindness. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse. ... Billie Dove (born May 14, 1900 (although most sources incorrectly ascribed the year 1903; died December 31, 1997) was an American actress. ... Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an iconic American actress of film, television and stage. ... For the singer, see Betty Davis, for the meteorologist, see Betty Davis (meteorologist). ... Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an Academy Award-nominated American film and television actress. ... Olivia Mary de Havilland (born July 1, 1916) is a two-time Academy Award winning actress in American motion pictures and is the last surviving principal cast member from Gone with the Wind. ... Gene Tierney (November 19, 1920 – November 6, 1991) was an American film and stage actress. ... Joan Fontaine (born October 22, 1917) is an Academy Award-winning British American actress, who became an American citizen in April 1943. ... Bessie Love (September 10, 1898 - April 26, 1986) was an American motion picture actress. ... Jean Harlow (March 3, 1911 – June 7, 1937) was an American film actress and sex symbol of the 1930s. ... Noah Dietrich (February 28, 1889 - February 15, 1982) was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes empire from 1925 - 1957. ... With Bob Hope in 1944. ... Mental retardation is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. ... Rubella (also known as epidemic roseola, German measles or three-day measles) is a disease caused by the Rubella virus. ...

On 11 July 1936, a car driven by Hughes struck and killed a pedestrian named Gabriel Meyer at the corner of Third Street and Lorraine in Los Angeles. Although Hughes was certified as sober at the hospital to which he was taken after the accident, a doctor there made a note that Hughes had been drinking. He was taken to jail and booked on "suspicion of negligent homicide." A witness to the accident told police that Hughes was driving erratically and too fast, and that Meyer had been standing in the safety zone of a streetcar stop. By the time of the coroner's inquiry, however, the witness had changed his story and claimed that Meyer had moved directly in front of Hughes' car. Hughes made the same claim to reporters outside the inquiry, saying, "I was driving slowly and a man stepped out of the darkness in front of me." The District Attorney recommended that Hughes be cleared of responsibility for Meyer's death. is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... Negligent homicide is a charge brought against persons, who by inaction, allow others under their care to die. ...

In 1956, he released The Conqueror, considered a tremendous flop and particularly infamous for what was considered a miscasting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan. For the 15th-Century Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, see Mehmed II. The Conqueror was a 1956 film produced by Howard Hughes and starring John Wayne as the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan. ... For other persons named John Wayne, see John Wayne (disambiguation). ... This article is about the person. ...

On 12 January 1957, Hughes married actress Jean Peters, whom he had known in Hollywood for several years. His second marriage was troubled, however, with much of the contact between husband and wife conducted by phone. is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Elizabeth Jean Peters (October 15, 1926 – October 13, 2000) was an American actress. ...

Aviator and engineer

Hughes was a lifelong aircraft enthusiast, pilot, and self-taught aircraft engineer. He set many world records and designed and built several aircraft himself while heading Hughes Aircraft. The most technologically important aircraft he designed was the Hughes H-1 Racer. On 13 September 1935, Hughes, flying the H-1, set the airspeed record of 352 mph (566 km/h) over his test course near Santa Ana, California. The previous record was 314 mph (505 km/h). A year and a half later, (19 January 1937), flying a somewhat re-designed H-1 Racer, Hughes set a new transcontinental airspeed record by flying non-stop from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds (beating his own previous record of 9 hours, 27 minutes). His average speed over the flight was 322 mph (518 km/h).^[10] Flying machine redirects here. ... Hughes logo adopted after his death Hughes developed the AIM-120 AMRAAM, one of the worlds most advanced air-to-air missiles Hughes Aircraft Company was a major defense/aerospace company founded by Howard Hughes. ... H-1 Racer as it looked in 1935 The H-1 was a racing aircraft built by Howard Hughes company in 1935. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Determining the fastest aircraft in the world is difficult, because of the wide variety of designs. ... Location of Santa Ana within Orange County, California. ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In-flight and on-ground time is counted 1929 Frank Hawks 1930 Roscoe Turner from New York City to Los Angeles in 18 hours and 43 minutes 1930 Frank Hawks from Los Angeles to New York City in 12 hours and 25 minutes 1930 Roscoe Turner from New York City... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

The H-1 Racer featured a number of design innovations: it had retractable landing gear and all rivets and joints set flush into the body of the aircraft to reduce drag. The H-1 Racer is thought to have influenced the design of a number of World War II fighters such as the Mitsubishi Zero, the Focke-Wulf FW190 and the F6F Hellcat;^[11] although that has never been proven. The H-1 Racer was donated to the Smithsonian in 1975 and is on display at the National Air and Space Museum. Mitsubishi A6M5 Zero Model 52 The Mitsubishi A6M was a light-weight carrier-based fighter aircraft employed by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1940 to 1945. ... The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger (shrike), often called Butcher-bird, was a single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft of Germanys Luftwaffe, and one of the best fighters of its generation. ... The Grumman F6F Hellcat was a fighter plane descended from the earlier F4F Wildcat, but was a completely new design sharing only a familial resemblance to the Wildcat. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ... National Air and Space Museum exterior The National Air and Space Museum (NASM) of the Smithsonian Institution is a museum in Washington, D.C., United States, and is the most popular of the Smithsonian museums. ...

On 10 July 1938 Hughes set another record by completing a flight around the world in just 91 hours (3 days, 19 hours), beating the previous record by more than four days. For this flight he did not fly an aircraft of his own design but a Lockheed Super Electra (a twin-engine transport with a four-man crew) fitted with all of the latest radio and navigational equipment. Hughes wanted the flight to be a triumph of technology, illustrating that safe, long-distance air travel was possible. In 1938, the William P. Hobby Airport in Houston, Texas, known at the time as Houston Municipal Airport, was re-named "Howard Hughes Airport," but the name was changed back after people objected to naming the airport after a living person. is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra was a civil cargo and passenger aircraft built by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation during the late 1930s. ... William P. Hobby Airport (IATA: HOU, ICAO: KHOU, FAA LID: HOU) is a public airport located 8 miles (13 km) southeast of the central business district of Houston, Harris County, Texas, USA. The airport covers 1,304 acres and has four runways. ... Houston redirects here. ... William P. Hobby Airport (IATA: HOU, ICAO: KHOU, FAA LID: HOU) is a public airport located 8 miles (13 km) southeast of the central business district of Houston, Harris County, Texas, USA. The airport covers 1,304 acres (5. ...

Hughes received many awards as an aviator, including the Harmon Trophy in 1936 and 1938, the Collier Trophy in 1938, the Octave Chanute Award in 1940, and a special Congressional Gold Medal in 1939 "...in recognition of the achievements of Howard Hughes in advancing the science of aviation and thus bringing great credit to his country throughout the world." According to his obituary in the New York Times, Hughes never bothered to come to Washington to pick up the Congressional Gold Medal. It was eventually mailed to him by President Harry S. Truman. The Harmon Aviator Trophy The Harmon Aviatrix Trophy The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies, to be awarded annually to the worlds outstanding aviator, aviatrix (female aviator), and aeronaut (balloon or dirigible). ... The Collier Trophy is the most prestigious award in the aviation field, given once a year to those that have made the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, with respect to improving the performance, efficiency, and safety of air or space vehicles, the value of which has been... This award was created about 1901 by the Western Society of Engineers for papers of merit on engineering innovations. ... Congressional Gold Medal presented to Navajo Code talkers in 2000 The Congressional Gold Medal should not be confused with the Medal of Honor (commonly called the Congressional Medal of Honor), which is also awarded by Congress, but only to military members as the highest military decoration of the United States. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Congressional Gold Medal presented to Navajo Code talkers in 2000 The Congressional Gold Medal should not be confused with the Medal of Honor (commonly called the Congressional Medal of Honor), which is also awarded by Congress, but only to military members as the highest military decoration of the United States. ... For other persons named Harry Truman, see Harry Truman (disambiguation). ...

Near-fatal crash of the XF-11

The second XF-11 prototype (with conventional propellers).

Hughes checking the first XF-11 prototype (with the original twin propeller design).

Hughes was involved in a near-fatal aircraft accident on 7 July 1946, while piloting the experimental U.S. Army spyplane XF-11 over Los Angeles. An oil leak caused one of the counter-rotating propellers to reverse its pitch, making the aircraft yaw sharply. Hughes tried to save the craft by landing it on the Los Angeles Country Club golf course (incorrectly stated as the Wilshire Country Club in the 2004 movie), but seconds before he reached his attempted destination, the XF-11 started dropping dramatically and crashed in the Beverly Hills neighborhood surrounding the country club.^[12] XF-11 inflight (USAF archives) File links The following pages link to this file: Howard Hughes Hughes XF-11 Categories: U.S. Air Force images ... XF-11 inflight (USAF archives) File links The following pages link to this file: Howard Hughes Hughes XF-11 Categories: U.S. Air Force images ... The second XF-11 prototype in flight. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (546x720, 299 KB) Summary Howard Hughes checking the XF-11 before its first trial run. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (546x720, 299 KB) Summary Howard Hughes checking the XF-11 before its first trial run. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... The second XF-11 prototype in flight. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... In the fall of 1897, a group of Los Angelenos organized a voluntary association to further the cause of one of Southern Californias newest sports. ... This article is about the sport of golf. ... Beverly Hills redirects here. ...

When the XF-11 finally skidded to a halt after mowing down three houses, the fuel tanks exploded, setting fire to the aircraft and a nearby home. Hughes lay seriously injured beside the burning XF-11 until he was rescued by Marine Master Sergeant William L. Durkin, who happened to be in the area visiting friends. Hughes sustained significant injuries in the crash; including a crushed collar bone, 24 broken ribs ^[13] and numerous third-degree burns. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States military responsible for providing power projection from the sea,[1] utilizing the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. ... United States Master Sergeant insignia U.S. Marine Corps Master Sergeant insignia U.S. Army Master Sergeant insignia U.S. Air Force A Master Sergeant is: the eighth enlisted rank in the United States Marine Corps, just above Gunnery Sergeant, below Master Gunnery Sergeant, Sergeant Major, and Sergeant Major of... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... In anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is a bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle. ... This article is about the bones called ribs. ... For other uses, see Burn. ...

However, Hughes was proud of the fact that his mind was still working. Also, as he lay in his hospital bed, he noted that he did not like the design of his bed. He called in plant engineers to design a "tailor-made" bed, equipped with hot and cold running water, built in six sections, and operated by 30 electric motors, with push-button adjustments. ^[14]

Many attribute his long-term addiction to opiates to his use of morphine as a painkiller during his convalescence. The trademark moustache he wore afterwards was meant to cover a scar on his upper lip resulting from the accident. An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. ... This article is about the drug. ... Edgar Allan Poe grew a moustache later in his life. ...

Hughes H-4 Hercules

Main article: Hughes H-4 Hercules

The H-4 Hercules with Hughes at the controls

Possibly his most famous aircraft project was the H-4 Hercules, nicknamed the "Spruce Goose" (to Hughes' consternation, since its frame was built of birch, not spruce). The aircraft was originally contracted by the U.S. government for use in World War II, as a viable way to transport troops and equipment across the Atlantic instead of sea going troop transports that were liable to the threat of German U-Boats. In 1947, it was the largest aircraft ever built, weighing 190 tons and not completed until just after the end of World War II. The Hercules flew only once for a mile (1.6 km) (with Hughes at the controls) on 2 November 1947. The Hughes H-4 Hercules is a one-off heavy transport aircraft designed and built by the Hughes Aircraft company, making its first and only flight in 1947. ... Image File history File links H-4 Hercules, The Spruce Goose source: [1] [2] File links The following pages link to this file: Howard Hughes Spruce Goose Seaplane Hughes Aircraft Category:Seaplanes and flying boats Categories: United States government images ... Image File history File links H-4 Hercules, The Spruce Goose source: [1] [2] File links The following pages link to this file: Howard Hughes Spruce Goose Seaplane Hughes Aircraft Category:Seaplanes and flying boats Categories: United States government images ... The Hughes H-4 Hercules is a one-off heavy transport aircraft designed and built by the Hughes Aircraft company, making its first and only flight in 1947. ... Species Many species; see text and classification Birch is the name of any tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. ... Species About 35; see text. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Confusion still exists as to whether or not the Hercules is still, in fact, the world's largest aircraft. To say it is the largest aircraft ever built is slightly inaccurate. An aircraft's size can be judged by length, weight, or wingspan. The Hercules is certainly not the longest aircraft ever built. Indeed, several airships have surpassed 800 ft (240 m). Also, despite its immense size, the Hercules weighs much less than many commercial jet liners. Measured by wingspan, however, the Hercules is greater than anything built before or since. It is the only aircraft ever built with a wingspan in excess of 300 feet (90 m), the next largest wingspan being about 30 ft (9 m) shorter. The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ...

Hughes was summoned to testify before the Senate War Investigating Committee to explain why the aircraft had not been delivered to the United States Army Air Forces during the war, but the committee disbanded without releasing a final report. Because the contract required the aircraft to be built of "non-strategic materials," Hughes built the aircraft largely from birch (rather than aluminum) in his Westchester, California facility to fulfill his contract. The aircraft was on display alongside the RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California for many years before being moved to McMinnville, Oregon, where it is now part of the Evergreen Aviation Museum. The Senate War Investigating Committee was formed by Ralph Owen Brewster in 1947 to investigate contracts delivered to Hughes Aircraft for the Hughes XF-11 and Spruce Goose. ... The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was the aviation component of the United States Army primarily during World War II. The title of Army Air Forces succeeded the prior name of Army Air Corps in June 1941 during preparation for expected combat in what came to be known as... Westchester is a neighborhood in far southwestern Los Angeles, California. ... types/51 sh/sh liner/36 qma/qma. ... Nickname: Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: , Country State County Los Angeles County Government  - Mayor Bob Foster Area  - City  65. ... McMinnville is the county seat and largest city of Yamhill County, Oregon, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Evergreen Aviation Museum is an aviation museum which displays a number of military and civilian aircraft, most notably, the Spruce Goose. ...

Hughes Aircraft

Main article: Hughes Aircraft

Hughes Aircraft Company, a division of Hughes Tool Company, was originally founded by Hughes in 1932, in a rented corner of a Lockheed Aircraft Corporation hangar in Burbank, California, to carry out the expensive conversion of a military aircraft into the H-1 racer. During and after World War II, Hughes fashioned his company into a major defense contractor. The Hughes Helicopters division started in 1947 when helicopter manufacturer Kellett sold their latest design to Hughes for production. Hughes logo adopted after his death Hughes developed the AIM-120 AMRAAM, one of the worlds most advanced air-to-air missiles Hughes Aircraft Company was a major defense/aerospace company founded by Howard Hughes. ... Hughes Aircraft Company logo This work is copyrighted. ... Hughes Aircraft Company logo This work is copyrighted. ... Hughes Helicopters was a major manufacturer of military helicopters, now part of The Boeing Company. ... For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ...

In 1948, Hughes created a new division of the company, the Hughes Aerospace Group. The Hughes Space and Communications Group and the Hughes Space Systems Division were later spun off in 1948 to form their own divisions and ultimately became the Hughes Space and Communications Company in 1961. In 1953, Howard Hughes gave all his stock in the Hughes Aircraft Company to the newly formed Howard Hughes Medical Institute, thereby turning the aerospace and defense contractor into a tax-exempt charity. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute sold Hughes Aircraft in 1985 to General Motors for $5.2 billion. In 1997 General Motors sold Hughes Aircraft to Raytheon and in 2000 sold Hughes Space & Communications to Boeing. Boeing, GM, and Raytheon acquired the Hughes Research Laboratories. Hughes Aerospace was founded by Howard Hughes. ... Hughes logo, adopted after death of its founder Hughes developed the AIM-120 AMRAAM, one of the worlds most advanced air-to-air missiles Hughes Aircraft Company was a major defense/aerospace company founded by Howard Hughes. ... In the 1940s, Howard Hughes created a R&D facility in Culver City, California; by the early 1960s, it had been moved to Malibu, California. ...

Airlines

In 1939, at the urging of Jack Frye, president of TWA, Hughes quietly purchased a majority share of TWA stock for nearly $7 million and took control of the airline. Upon assuming ownership of TWA, Hughes was prohibited by federal law from building his own aircraft. Seeking an aircraft that would perform better than TWA's fleet of Boeing 307 Stratoliners, Hughes approached Boeing's competitor, Lockheed. Hughes already had a good relationship with Lockheed since they had built the aircraft he used in his record flight around the world in 1938. Lockheed agreed to Hughes' request that the new aircraft be built in absolute secrecy. The result was the revolutionary Constellation and TWA purchased the first 40 of the new airliners off the production line. Trans World Airlines (IATA: TW, ICAO: TWA, and Callsign: TWA), commonly known as TWA, was an American airline company that was acquired by American Airlines in April 2001. ... A restored Boeing 307 on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was the first commercial transport aircraft with a pressurized cabin. ... The Lockheed SR-71 was remarkably advanced for its time and remains unsurpassed in many areas of performance. ... The Lockheed Constellation, affectionately known as the “Connie”, was a four-engine propeller-driven airliner built by Lockheed between 1943 and 1958 at its Burbank, California, USA, facility. ...

Lockheed Constellation

Hughes' ownership of and plans for TWA may have been the real reason he was investigated by the Senate following the war. Pan American World Airways chief Juan Trippe sought to monopolize international air travel and had influenced powerful Maine Senator Owen Brewster to propose legislation securing Pan Am as the sole American airline allowed to fly overseas at a time when Hughes planned TWA service to Europe with the Constellation. Dietrich wrote of the investigation that Hughes beat the Senate committee by turning the hearings into an attack on Brewster. Hughes successfully exposed Brewster's dealings with Pan Am and later helped defeat his re-election bid by pouring considerable funds into the campaign of his opponent, Frederick Payne. Image File history File links 049-connie-gov. ... Image File history File links 049-connie-gov. ... Pan Ams seaplane terminal at Dinner Key in Miami, Florida, was a hub of inter-American travel during the 1930s and 1940s. ... Trippe, Time, 1933 Juan Terry Trippe (June 27, 1899 – April 3, 1981) was an airline entrepreneur and pioneer. ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... Owen Brewster Ralph Owen Brewster (February 22, 1888–December 25, 1961) was an American politician from Maine. ... Frederick George Payne (July 24, 1904 - June 15, 1978) was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Maine. ...

In 1956, Hughes placed an order for 63 Convair 880s for TWA at a cost of $400 million. Although Hughes was extremely wealthy at this time, outside creditors demanded that Hughes relinquish control of TWA in return for providing the money. In 1960, Hughes was ultimately forced out of TWA, although he still owned 78 percent of the company and battled to regain control. The first Convair 880 The Convair 880 was a jet airliner produced by the Convair division of General Dynamics. ...

Before Hughes' ouster, the TWA jet financing issue precipitated the end of Hughes' relationship with Noah Dietrich. Dietrich remembered Hughes developing a plan by which Hughes Tool Company profits were to be inflated in order to sell the company for a windfall that would pay the bills for the 880s. Dietrich agreed to go to Texas to implement the plan on the condition that Hughes agreed to a capital gains arrangement he had long promised Dietrich. When Hughes balked, Dietrich resigned immediately. "Noah," Dietrich quoted Hughes as replying, "I cannot exist without you!" Dietrich stood firm and eventually had to sue to retrieve personal possessions from his office after Hughes ordered it locked.

In 1966, he was forced by a U.S. federal court to sell his shares in TWA due to concerns over conflict of interest between his ownership of both TWA and Hughes Aircraft. The sale of his TWA shares netted him a profit of $547 million. During the 1970s, Hughes went back into the airline business, buying the airline Air West and renaming it Hughes Airwest. Hughes Airwest (IATA: RW, ICAO: n/a , and Callsign: Airwest) was an airline that was backed by multi-millionaire Howard Hughes. ...

RKO

The classic logo of RKO Radio Pictures.

Main article: RKO Pictures

In 1948, Hughes gained control of RKO, a struggling major Hollywood studio, by acquiring 25% of the outstanding stock. During his tenure, RKO suffered as a result of his management style. Within weeks of taking control, he dismissed three-quarters of the work force and production was shut down for six months in 1949 while he undertook the investigation of the politics of all remaining studio employees. Completed pictures would be sent back for reshooting if he felt his star (especially female) was not properly presented, or if a film's anti-communist politics were not sufficiently clear. An aborted sale in 1952 to a Chicago-based group with no experience in the industry disrupted studio operations even further. RKO Radio Pictures logo This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... RKO Radio Pictures logo This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... This article is about the film production company. ... RKO could stand for: RKO Pictures The R.K.O. - finishing manoever (and initials) of WWE professional wrestler Randy Orton. ... Ideologies Communist internationals Prominent communists Related subjects Anti-communism refers to opposition to communism. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City 234. ...

Hughes let go of the RKO theaters in 1953 as settlement of the United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. antitrust case. With the sale of the profitable theaters, the shaky status of the film studio became increasingly apparent. A steady stream of lawsuits from RKO's minority shareholders, charging him with financial misconduct and corporate mismanagement, became an increasing nuisance, especially because Hughes wanted to focus on his aircraft-manufacturing and TWA holdings during the Korean War years. Eager to be rid of the distraction, Hughes offered to buy out all other stockholders. United States v. ... This article is about anti-competitive business behavior. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders...

By the end of 1954, at a cost of nearly $24 million, he had gained near total control of RKO, becoming the closest thing to a sole owner of a studio that Hollywood had seen in more than three decades. Six months later, Hughes sold the studio to the General Tire and Rubber Company for $25 million. Hughes retained the rights to pictures he had personally produced, including those made at RKO. He also retained Jane Russell's contract. For Howard Hughes, this was the virtual end of his 25-year involvement in motion pictures; though he had all but destroyed a major Hollywood studio, his reputation as a financial wizard emerged unscathed. He reportedly walked away from RKO having made $6.5 million in personal profit.^[15] The General Tire and Rubber Company was founded in 1915 in Akron, Ohio by William ONeill. ...

General Tire was interested mainly in exploiting the value of the RKO library for television programming, though it made some attempts to continue producing films. After a year and a half of mixed success, General Tire shut down film production at RKO for good at the end of January 1957. The studio lots in Hollywood and Culver City were sold to Desilu Productions later that year for $6.15 million. ... Culver City sign near the intersection of the 405 and the 90. ... The Desilu logo, used in the 1960s. ...

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Founder	Howard Hughes
Founded	1953
Headquarters	Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States
Focus	Biological and Medical research
Method	Laboratories, Funding
Endowment	$16.3 billion USD
Website	http://www.hhmi.org

In 1953, Hughes launched the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Maryland, formed with the express goal of basic biomedical research including trying to understand, in Hughes' words, the "genesis of life itself." Hughes' first will, that he signed in 1925 at the age of 19, stipulated that a portion of his estate should be used to create a medical institute bearing his name (Brown and Boeske 34). Hughes gave all his stock of the Hughes Aircraft Company to the institute, thereby turning the aerospace and defense contractor into a tax-exempt charity. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute's new Board of Trustees sold Hughes Aircraft in 1985 to General Motors for $5.2 billion, allowing the institute to grow dramatically. Image File history File links Hhmi_logo_small. ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ... Chevy Chase is the name of both a town and an unincorporated Census-Designated Place in Montgomery County, Maryland (see Chevy Chase (CDP), Maryland). ... A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution, with the stipulation that it be invested, and the principal remain intact. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is a United States non-profit medical research institute based in Chevy Chase, Maryland and originally founded by the aviator and engineer Howard Hughes in 1953. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N... Biomedical research (or experimental medicine), in general simply known as medical research, is the basic research or applied research conducted to aid the body of knowledge in the field of medicine. ...

The deal was the topic of a protracted legal battle between Hughes and the Internal Revenue Service, which Hughes ultimately won. After his death in 1976, many thought that the balance of Hughes' estate would go to the institute, although it ultimately was divided among his cousins and other heirs, given the lack of a will to the contrary. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute is America's second largest private foundation and the largest devoted to biological and medical research with an endowment of $16.3 billion as of June 2007. Seal of the Internal Revenue Service Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Part of the Taxation series        IRS redirects here. ... For the song by Girls Aloud see Biology (song) Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, life; and λόγος, logos, speech lit. ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution, with the stipulation that it be invested, and the principal remain intact. ...

Watergate Scandal

Shortly before the 1960 Presidential election, Richard Nixon was harmed by revelations of a $205,000 loan from Hughes to Nixon's brother Donald. It has long been speculated that Nixon's drive to learn what the Democrats were planning in 1972 was based in part on his belief that the Democrats knew about a bribe that his friend Bebe Rebozo had received from Hughes. Nixon's desire to cover up this event may have led to the Watergate break-in.^[16] The New York Times front page from two days after the election: November 10, 1960. ... Nixon redirects here. ... Francis Donald Nixon (23 November 1914 – 27 June 1987) was a brother of United States President Richard Nixon. ... Charles G. Bebe Rebozo (November 17, 1912_May 8, 1998) was a Florida banker who gained famed for being a close friend and confidant of President Richard Nixon. ... The Watergate building. ...

Glomar Explorer

Main article: USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193)

In 1972, Hughes was approached by the CIA to help secretly recover Soviet submarine K-129 which had sunk near Hawaii four years earlier. He agreed. Thus the Glomar Explorer, a special-purpose salvage vessel, was born. Hughes' involvement provided the CIA with a plausible cover story, having to do with civilian marine research at extreme depths and the mining of undersea manganese nodules. In the summer of 1974, Glomar Explorer attempted to raise the Soviet vessel. USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193) is a large ship currently being used as a deep-sea drilling platform. ... CIA redirects here. ... CCCP redirects here. ... For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ... K-129 was a Project 629A (NATO reporting name Golf-II) diesel-electric powered submarine of the Soviet Pacific Fleet, one of six Project 629 strategic ballistic missile submarines attached to the 15th Submarine Squadron based at Rybachiy Naval Base, Kamchatka, commanded by Rear Admiral Rudolf A. Golosov. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. ...

However, during the recovery a mechanical failure in the ship's grapple caused half of the submarine to break off and fall to the ocean floor. This section is believed to have held many of the most sought after items, including its code book and nuclear missiles. Two nuclear-tipped torpedoes and some cryptographic machines were recovered, along with the bodies of six Soviet submariners who were subsequently given formal burial at sea in a filmed ceremony. The operation, known as Project Jennifer, became public in February 1975 because burglars had obtained secret documents from Hughes' headquarters in June 1974. USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Jennifer was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) project to recover the sunken Soviet submarine K-129, one of the Soviet Unions strategic ballistic missile submarines, from the Pacific Ocean floor in the summer of 1974, using the purpose-built ship Glomar Explorer. ...

Mental and physical illness

By the late 1950s Hughes had developed debilitating symptoms of social avoidance behavior and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which manifested itself in various ways. His mother may have suffered from OCD, and coddled and spoiled her only child. It was Hughes' mother who first provided her young son with a means of escaping social situations and pressures by using the excuse of illness. As a young boy, when Howard wanted to attend summer camp (during a time when the public feared the spread of polio), his parents wanted assurances that their son was protected. When this assurance was not forthcoming, his mother decided it was better to keep him home. Subsequently after attending camp one summer, Hughes avoided another year at camp by complaining about headaches and bad dreams when he returned home. Later, on the verge of adolescence, young Howard became ill and was kept out of school for most of the year. He developed a form of paralysis that was never diagnosed and which disappeared after several months. ^[17]

In the 1930s, close friends reported he was obsessed with the size of peas, one of his favorite foods, and used a special fork to sort them by size before he ate. While producing The Outlaw, Hughes became obsessed by a minor flaw in one of Jane Russell's blouses, claiming that the fabric bunched up along a seam and gave the appearance of two nipples on each of Russell's breasts. He was reportedly so concerned by the matter as to write a detailed memorandum to the film crew on how to fix the problem. A colorized image of Jack Buetel as Billy the Kid. ...

Richard Fleischer, who directed His Kind of Woman with Hughes as executive producer, wrote at length in his autobiography about the difficulty of dealing with the famed tycoon. In this book, Just Tell Me When to Cry, published in 1993, Fleischer explained that Hughes was fixated on trivial details and was alternately indecisive and obstinate. He went on to say that Hughes' unpredictable mood swings made him wonder at times if the film would ever be completed. Richard Fleischer (born December 8, 1916) is an American film director. ... His Kind of Woman is a black-and-white 1951 film noir mystery film starring Robert Mitchum and Jane Russell. ... A mood swing is an extreme or rapid change in mood. ...

As an adult—at one time one of the most visible men in America—Hughes ultimately vanished from public view altogether, although the tabloids continued to follow rumors regarding his behavior and whereabouts. At various times, the media reported him to be terminally ill, mentally unstable, or possibly dead. Hughes eventually became a complete recluse, locking himself in darkened rooms in a medication-induced daze. Though he always kept a barber on call, Hughes only had his hair cut and nails trimmed about once a year. Several doctors were kept in the house on a substantial salary, but Hughes rarely saw them and usually refused to follow their advice. Toward the end of his life, his inner circle was largely composed of Mormons because he considered them trustworthy even though Hughes himself was not a member of their church. The term Mormon is a colloquial name, most-often used to refer to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ... For other uses, see Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (disambiguation). ...

Hughes equipped this 1954 Chrysler New Yorker with an aircraft-grade air filtration system which took up the entire trunk

Hughes by this time had become severely addicted to codeine, valium, and a number of other prescription drugs and was becoming increasingly frail. He insisted on using tissues to pick up objects, so that he could insulate himself from germs. It has also been said that he watched the 1968 film Ice Station Zebra some 150 times. ^[18] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1649x972, 530 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Howard Hughes Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1649x972, 530 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Howard Hughes Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... The Chrysler New Yorker was a premium automobile built by the Chrysler Corporation from 1939 to 1996, serving for several years as the brands flagship model. ... Codeine (INN) or methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties. ... Diazepam, brand names: Valium, Seduxen, in Europe Apozepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. ... This article is about the film. ...

In a bout of obsession with his home state of Texas, Hughes began purchasing all restaurant chains and four star hotels that had been founded within Texan borders. This included, if for only a short period, many unknown franchises currently out of business. Ownership of the restaurants was placed in the hands of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and all licenses were re-sold shortly after.

Hughes may have contracted syphilis as a young man, and some biographers believe that much of the strange behavior at the end of his life, for example his well-documented aversion to handshaking, may be attributed to the tertiary stage of that disease. The condition is thought to have first manifested itself in the form of tiny blisters that erupted on his hands. After receiving medical treatment for his symptoms, Hughes is said to have been warned by his doctor not to shake hands for some time and avoided doing so for the rest of his life. Syphilis has also been blamed by some biographers for a bizarre episode in which Hughes burned all his clothes.^{[citation needed]} Syphilis is a curable sexually transmitted disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete. ...

Managing the financial empire

As his empire grew, Hughes used every trick conceivable to avoid paying taxes to the government. In the early years of Hughes Aircraft, Hughes attempted to move his company from Southern California to Nevada in an effort to take advantage of Nevada's low tax rates. Ultimately, Hughes donated all his stock in Hughes Aircraft to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, thereby turning the military contractor into a tax-exempt charity. In addition to avoiding income taxes, this had the effect of silencing the upper management in Hughes Aircraft, who for many years had clamored for stock in the company as part of their compensation.

Hughes was able to keep and maintain highly qualified managers in his companies by promising them large sums of money at the end of their careers. In order to be able to give them the most money without taxation, Hughes would make an arrangement whereby he would publicly criticize a certain manager that had recently left his company. Then, the manager would sue Hughes in court for public defamation. A settlement was given to this manager in court which was not subject to taxes. This happened with Noah Dietrich, Robert Maheu, and others. For example, Robert Maheu was awarded $2.2 million in a defamation lawsuit shortly after leaving Hughes' employ.^[19] Robert A. Maheu (born 1918) is an American businessman who worked as consultant to the industrialist Howard Hughes. ...

Although Hughes lived in his own home in California for many years, he later came up with the idea of living in hotels as this enabled him not to have a legally declared residence in any state which would require him to pay personal income taxes. Shortly after Hughes began living in hotels with no state as his official residence, legislation was passed that any person living in a state 180 days or longer was subject to personal income tax during that time period in that state. Then, Hughes would live in a given hotel for just under 180 days, before moving to another hotel for just under 180 days, and so on. His extremely creative efforts to avoid taxes were successful; even after his death, the states of California and Texas were unable to collect inheritance taxes since it could not be proven that he was a legal resident of either state (Prior to 1983, Texas did have an inheritance tax; today, Texas, like Florida, is one of the few states that only collects estate taxes up to the federal credit for the deduction from federal estate taxes on estate taxes paid to the state, unlike California, which imposes its own estate tax on top of the federal one).

Las Vegas baron and recluse

The wealthy and aging Howard Hughes, accompanied by his entourage of personal aides, moved from one hotel to another, always taking up residence in the top floor penthouse. During the last ten years of his life, from 1966 to 1976, Hughes lived in hotels in Beverly Hills; Boston; Las Vegas; Nassau, Bahamas; Vancouver, Canada;^[20] London, England; Managua, Nicaragua; Acapulco, Mexico; and others. Beverly Hills redirects here. ... Boston redirects here. ... For further information, see Las Vegas metropolitan area and Las Vegas Strip. ... For other uses of Nassau, see Nassau (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ... London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major world city. With over seven million inhabitants (Londoners) in Greater London area, it is amongst the most densely populated areas in Western Europe. ... Managua, with a population of about 1,617,096 in 2004, is the capital of Nicaragua and largest city of Central America. ... Acapulco, also known as Acapulco de Juárez, is a city and major sea port in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast of Mexico, 190 miles S.S.W. of Mexico City, at 16. ...

On 27 November 1966, Hughes arrived in Las Vegas by railroad car and moved into the Desert Inn. Refusing to leave the hotel and to avoid further conflicts with the owners of the hotel, Hughes bought the Desert Inn in early 1967. The hotel's eighth floor became the nerve center of his empire and the ninth-floor penthouse became Hughes' personal residence. Between 1966 and 1968, Hughes bought several other hotels/casinos (Castaways, New Frontier, The Landmark Hotel and Casino, Sands, and Silver Slipper) from the Mafia. An unusual incident marked an earlier Hughes connection to Las Vegas. During his 1944 engagement at the Last Frontier hotel in Las Vegas, flamboyant entertainer Liberace mistakingly took Howard Hughes for his light director, instructing him to instantly bring up a blue light should he start to play "Claire De Lune." The alleged staff member nodded in accordance as the hotel's entertainment director approached the scene, properly introducing Howard Hughes to Liberace.^[21] is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... The Desert Inn was a Las Vegas, Nevada hotel/casino that operated from April 24, 1950 to August 28, 2000. ... The Castaways was a Las Vegas hotel and casino that operated from 1963 to 1987 on the Las Vegas Strip. ... The New Frontier was a hotel and casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, that had operated continually since October 30, 1942. ... The Landmark in 1986 The Landmark Tower was a hotel/casino located in Las Vegas, Nevada. ... The Rat Pack (Peter, Frank, Sammy, and Dean) The Sands Hotel was a legendary Las Vegas, Nevada hotel/casino that operated from December 15, 1952 to June 30, 1996. ... The Silver Slipper was a Las Vegas, Nevada casino that operated from September 1950 to November 29, 1988. ... This article is about the criminal society. ... The New Frontier was a hotel and casino located on the famed Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, USA, that had operated continuously since October 30, 1942. ... Wladziu Valentino Liberace (May 16, 1919 – February 4, 1987), better known by only his last name Liberace (pronounced [ˌlɪbəˈrɑːtʃi]), was an American entertainer. ...

Hughes wanted to change the image of Las Vegas from its mobsters in gaudy silk suits and thousand-dollar-a-night call girls to something more glamorous. As Hughes wrote in a memo to an aide, "I like to think of Las Vegas in terms of a well-dressed man in a dinner jacket and a beautifully jeweled and furred female getting out of an expensive car." A chronic insomniac, Hughes bought several local television stations (including KLAS-TV) so that there would always be something for him to watch in the early hours of the morning. Mobster is a slang term for a person who participates in organized crime, which is known as belonging to the Mob. In western stories and movies, cowboys as mobsters are known as outlaws. ... A call girl is a prostitute who is not visible to the general public, like a street walker, and who does not usually belong to an institution like a brothel. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ... A television station is a type of radio station that broadcasts both audio and video to television receivers in a particular area. ... KLAS (Channel 8 analog, 7 digital) is the CBS station serving the Las Vegas, Nevada market. ...

Hughes' considerable business holdings were overseen by a small panel unofficially dubbed "The Mormon Mafia" because of the many Latter-day Saints on the committee.^[22] In addition to supervising day-to-day business operations and Hughes' health, they also went to great pains to satisfy Hughes' every whim. Hughes once became fond of Baskin-Robbins' Banana Nut ice cream so his aides sought to secure a bulk shipment for him—only to discover that Baskin-Robbins had discontinued the flavor. They put in a request for the smallest amount the company could provide for a special order, 350 gallons (1,300 L), and had it shipped from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. A few days after the order arrived, Hughes announced he was tired of Banana Nut and wanted only French Vanilla ice cream. The Desert Inn ended up distributing free Banana Nut ice cream to casino customers for a year, until the 350 gallons were gone.^[23] External links Baskin-Robbins official site. ... Missing image Ice cream is often served on a stick Boxes of ice cream are often found in stores in a display freezer. ... The liter (spelled liter in American English and litre in Commonwealth English) is a unit of volume. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ...

As an owner of several major businesses in Las Vegas, Hughes wielded enormous political and economic power in Nevada and was often able to influence the outcome of elections there and elsewhere. A marked obsession that affected Hughes throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s was the underground nuclear testing that was then occurring in Nevada. Hughes was afraid of the risk posed by the residual nuclear radiation from the tests. Hughes stayed up for days and nights on end, managing his assets to try to halt the nuclear tests. When they finally went through despite Hughes' efforts, the detonations were powerful enough that the entire hotel in which he was staying trembled with the shock wave. In two separate, last-ditch maneuvers, Hughes instructed his representatives to offer million-dollar bribes to both presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon. His aides never offered the bribes, reporting to Hughes that Johnson declined the offer and they were unable to contact Nixon. Hughes' personal correspondence makes it clear that the Nevada nuclear testing issue was the last straw leading to his self-imposed exile from the United States, which was to end only with his death. Radiation hazard symbol. ... Introduction The shock wave is one of several different ways in which a gas in a supersonic flow can be compressed. ... LBJ redirects here. ... Nixon redirects here. ...

In 1971, Jean Peters filed for divorce; the two had not lived together for many years. Peters requested a lifetime alimony payment of $70,000 a year, adjusted for inflation, and waived all claims to Hughes' estate. Hughes offered her a settlement of over a million dollars, but she declined it. Hughes did not insist upon a confidentiality agreement from Peters as a condition of the divorce; aides reported that Hughes never spoke ill of her. She refused to discuss her life with Hughes and declined several lucrative offers from big-name publishers and biographers. Peters would state only that she had not seen Hughes for several years before their divorce, because his psychological problems forced him to stay in a separate room, talking with her only by phone. Alimony, maintenance or spousal support is an obligation established by law in many countries that is based on the premise that both spouses have an absolute obligation to support each other during the marriage (or civil union) unless they are legally separated. ... A gag order is an order, sometimes a legal order by a court or government, other times a private order by an employer or other institution, restricting information or comment from being made public. ...

Hughes was living in the Intercontinental Hotel near Lake Managua in Nicaragua where he sought privacy and security.^[24] However, a powerful 6.5 earthquake damaged Managua in December 1972. On the pretext of possible assassination and intrusive press photographers, his aides insisted the windows be blacked out. He took precautions and stayed in the Nicaraguan National Palace with former dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle before leaving for Florida on a private jet the following day.^[25] Lake Managua from space, January 1986. ... This article is about the capital city of Nicaragua. ... Anastasio (Tachito) Somoza Debayle (December 5, 1925 – September 17, 1980) was officially the forty-fourth and forty-fifth President of Nicaragua from May 1, 1967 to May 1, 1972 and from December 1, 1974 to July 17, 1979. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ...

In 1972, author Clifford Irving created a media sensation when he claimed to have co-written an authorized autobiography of Hughes. Hughes was such a reclusive figure that he did not immediately publicly refute Irving's statement, leading many people to believe Irving's book was a genuine autobiography. Before the book's publication, however, Hughes finally denounced Irving in a teleconference and the entire project was eventually exposed as a hoax. Irving was later convicted of fraud and spent 17 months in prison. The 2007 film The Hoax, starring Richard Gere, is based on these events. For the politician, see Clifford Irving (politician). ... Cover of the first English edition of 1793 of Benjamin Franklins autobiography. ... The Hoax is a 2006 movie directed by Lasse Hallström, starring Richard Gere and Alfred Molina. ... Richard Tiffany Gere[1] (born August 31, 1949) is an American actor. ...

Death and burial

Howard Hughes' gravestone

Hughes Family Gravesite at Glenwood Cemetery

Hughes died on 5 April 1976, at 1:26 PM while on an aircraft owned by Robert Graf, en route from his penthouse in Acapulco, Mexico to The Methodist Hospital in Houston. It has also been argued that he died before leaving Mexico inside his penthouse at the "Acapulco Princess Hotel"^{[citation needed]}. His reclusive activities and drug use had made him practically unrecognizable; his hair, beard, fingernails, and toenails had grown grossly long, his once-strapping 6'4" (193 cm) frame now weighed barely 90 lb (41 kg), and the FBI had to resort to fingerprints to identify the body. ^[26] Image File history File links HowardHughesGravestone. ... Image File history File links HowardHughesGravestone. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (2765 × 1843 pixel, file size: 3 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The burial site for the family of Howard Hughes. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixel Image in higher resolution (2765 × 1843 pixel, file size: 3 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The burial site for the family of Howard Hughes. ... The Glenwood Cemetery is located in Houston and is the final resting place of Howard Hughes. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Acapulco (disambiguation). ... The Methodist Hospital is a hospital located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas. ... This article discusses the anatomical nail. ... A toenail is the nail found on a toe. ... F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ... A macro shot of a palm and the base of several fingers; as seen here, debris can gather between the ridges. ...

A subsequent autopsy noted kidney failure as the cause of death. Hughes was in extremely poor physical condition at the time of his death; X-rays revealed broken-off hypodermic needles still embedded in his arms and severe malnutrition. While his kidneys were damaged, his other internal organs were deemed perfectly healthy. This article is about the medical procedure. ... Renal failure is the condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly. ... Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ...

Hughes is buried in the Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. The Glenwood Cemetery is located in Houston and is the final resting place of Howard Hughes. ... Houston redirects here. ...

Estate

Approximately three weeks after Hughes' death, a holographic, or handwritten, will was found on the desk of an official of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah. The so-called "Mormon Will" gave $1.56 billion to various charities (including $625 million to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute); nearly $470 million to the upper-management in Hughes' companies and to his aides; $156 million to first cousin William Lummis; $156 million split equally between his two ex-wives Ella Rice and Jean Peters; and $156 million to a gas-station owner named Melvin Dummar. Dummar initially denied any knowledge about the will but changed his story when his fingerprints were found on the envelope containing the will. A holographic will is a will and testament that has been entirely handwritten and signed by the testator. ... For other uses, see Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (disambiguation). ... For ships of the United States Navy of the same name, see USS Salt Lake City. ... Melvin Earl Dummar (born August 28, 1944) was a Willard, Utah service station owner who claimed that one evening in December 1967 he had picked up Howard Hughes along a desolate road in the Nevada desert. ... The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is a United States non-profit medical research institute based in Chevy Chase, Maryland and originally founded by the aviator and engineer Howard Hughes in 1953. ... Melvin Earl Dummar (born August 28, 1944) was a Willard, Utah service station owner who claimed that one evening in December 1967 he had picked up Howard Hughes along a desolate road in the Nevada desert. ...

Dummar claimed to reporters that late one evening in December 1967, he found a disheveled and dirty man lying along U.S. Highway 95, 150 miles (250 km) south of Las Vegas. The man asked for a ride to Las Vegas. Dropping him off at the Sands Hotel, Dummar said the man told him he was Hughes. Dummar then claimed that days after Hughes' death, a "mysterious man" appeared at his gas station, leaving an envelope containing the will on his desk. Unsure if the will was genuine, and unsure of what to do, Dummar left the will at the LDS Church office. In a trial lasting seven months, the Mormon will was eventually rejected by the Nevada court in June 1978 as a forgery. The court declared that Hughes had died intestate. US 95 is a north-south United States highway. ... For further information, see Las Vegas metropolitan area and Las Vegas Strip. ... The Rat Pack (Peter, Frank, Sammy, and Dean) The Sands Hotel was a legendary Las Vegas, Nevada hotel/casino that operated from December 15, 1952 to June 30, 1996. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... Intestacy is the condition of the estate of a person who dies owning property greater than the sum of his or her enforceable debts and funeral expenses without having made a valid will or other binding declaration; alternatively where such a will or declaration has been made, but only applies...

Hughes' $2.5 billion estate was eventually split in 1983 among 22 cousins, including William Lummis who serves as a trustee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dummar was largely discounted by the public as a phony and an opportunist. Jonathan Demme's film Melvin and Howard (starring Jason Robards and Paul Le Mat), was based on Dummar's tale. Jonathan Demme (born February 22, 1944, in Baldwin, New York) is an American film director, producer and writer. ... Melvin and Howard was a 1980 movie directed by Jonathan Demme and written by Bo Goldman, based upon the claims of Utah service station owner Melvin Dummar concerning a purported will written by Howard Hughes, leaving Dummar 1/16th of his $2 billion estate, which would have amounted to $156... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Paul Le Mat (born September 22, 1946) is an actor who first came to prominence in the 1973 film American Graffiti . ...

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Hughes Aircraft was owned by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, who sold it to General Motors in 1985 for $5.2 billion. Suits brought by the states of California and Texas claiming they were owed inheritance tax were both rejected by the court. In 1984, Hughes' estate paid an undisclosed amount to Terry Moore, who claimed to have been secretly married to Hughes on a yacht in international waters off Mexico in 1949 and never divorced. Although Moore never produced proof of a marriage, her book, The Beauty and the Billionaire, became a best-seller. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the... The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is a United States non-profit medical research institute based in Chevy Chase, Maryland and originally founded by the aviator and engineer Howard Hughes in 1953. ... General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is an American automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab and Vauxhall. ... Moore on the cover of Playboy, August 1984 Terry Moore (born Helen Luella Koford, January 7, 1929) is an Oscar-nominated American actress. ...

Popular culture

Howard Hughes has now emerged as one of the 20th century's most iconic business and aviation figures spawning a wide range of cultural references.

Movies

Leonardo DiCaprio (right) as Howard Hughes and John C. Reilly (left) as Noah Dietrich in The Aviator

• The Amazing Howard Hughes (1977), directed by William A. Graham. Tommy Lee Jones stars as Howard Hughes.
• Melvin and Howard (1980), directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jason Robards (a distant cousin) as Howard Hughes and Paul le Mat as Melvin Dummar. The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress (Mary Steenburgen). The film focuses on Melvin Dummar's claims of meeting Hughes in the Nevada desert and subsequent estate battles over his inclusion in Hughes' will. Critic Pauline Kael called the film "an almost flawless act of sympathetic imagination." ^[27]
• Hughes is featured briefly in the 1988 film Tucker: The Man and His Dream, where he is played by Dean Stockwell.
• Hughes was portrayed by Terry O'Quinn in Disney's The Rocketeer (1991), substituting for the "mystery inventor" (Doc Savage) in the original comic book version. In the film, Hughes had designed the rocket for use by soldiers, regretted the project, and declined to manufacture any more rockets. In the first scene with Hughes, he is arguing with two War Department people about his decision.
• Before The Aviator (2004), there were several attempts to create a biopic based on the life of Hughes. For years, director-actor Warren Beatty wanted to play Hughes and direct a big-screen film of the mogul. It was to be released alongside Beatty's film Reds, but due to the lack of the right script, the project was abandoned. In the 1990s, producers with Touchstone Pictures wanted to do it with John Malkovich, Edward Norton, or Johnny Depp as Hughes, but, due to climbing costs, that venture was abandoned. Castle Rock Entertainment also tried to develop a biopic called Mr. Hughes with Jim Carrey starring and with Christopher Nolan directing and re-writing a script originated by David Koepp and Brian De Palma. When The Aviator began production, the idea was scrapped, and Nolan went on to direct Batman Begins.
• The Aviator (2004), directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Hughes. Nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and winning five, the acclaimed film takes the usual bio-pic liberties (Ella Rice is not seen or mentioned although Hughes was married to her during the making of Hell's Angels). The film focuses primarily on Hughes' achievements in aviation and in the movies and on the increasing handicaps imposed on him by his obsessive-compulsive behavior.
• The Hoax (2007), directed by Lasse Hallström. The story depicts events in the life of Clifford Irving, an American novelist who became well known in the early 1970s when his "authorized autobiography" of Howard Hughes was exposed as a hoax.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11, 1974[1]) is a three-time Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor who garnered world wide fame for his role as Jack Dawson in Titanic. ... John Christopher Reilly (born May 24, 1965) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor. ... Noah Dietrich (February 28, 1889 - February 15, 1982) was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes empire from 1925 - 1957. ... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation) The Aviator is an Academy Award-winning 2004 biographical drama film, directed by Martin Scorsese, and based largely on the book Hughes by Richard Hack. ... The Amazing Howard Hughes (1977) was a TV movie about the entrepreneur Howard Hughes starring Tommy Lee Jones. ... William Alexander Graham (September 5, 1804–August 11, 1875) was a United States Senator from North Carolina from 1840 to 1843 and Governor of North Carolina from 1845 to 1849. ... For the musician, see Tommy Lee. ... Melvin and Howard was a 1980 movie directed by Jonathan Demme and written by Bo Goldman, based upon the claims of Utah service station owner Melvin Dummar concerning a purported will written by Howard Hughes, leaving Dummar 1/16th of his $2 billion estate, which would have amounted to $156... Jonathan Demme (born February 22, 1944, in Baldwin, New York) is an American film director, producer and writer. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Mary Steenburgen (IPA: ) (born February 8, 1953) is an Academy Award-winning American actress. ... Tucker: The Man and his Dream is a 1988 film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Jeff Bridges which tells the story of Preston Tucker and his attempt to produce and market the Tucker 48. ... Dean Stockwell (born March 5, 1936 in North Hollywood, California) is an Oscar-nominated American film and television actor. ... Terrance Terry OQuinn (born on July 15, 1952) is an Emmy Award nominated American actor. ... Walt Disney Productions is the former name of The Walt Disney Company, which it held from 1929 to 1986. ... The Rocketeer is a 1991 superhero adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures/Touchstone Pictures[1] and directed by Joe Johnston. ... Doc Savage is a fictional character, one of the pulp heroes of the 1930s and 1940s. ... A comic book is a magazine or book containing the art form of comics. ... Henry Warren Beatty (born March 30, 1937), better known as Warren Beatty, is an Academy Award and Golden Globe-winning American actor, producer, screenwriter, and director. ... Reds is a 1981 film starring Warren Beatty and Diane Keaton. ... Touchstone Pictures (also known as Touchstone Films in its early years) is one of several alternate film labels of The Walt Disney Company, established in 1984. ... John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor, producer and director. ... Ed Norton redirects here. ... John Christopher Depp II[1] (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, best known for his frequent portrayals of offbeat and eccentric characters such as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean trilogy and the titular character of Tim Burtons Edward Scissorhands. ... The current Castle Rock Entertainment logo. ... James Eugene Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a two-time Golden Globe Award-winning Canadian-American A-list film actor and comedian. ... Christopher Nolan (born July 30, 1970) is an Academy Award nominated film director, writer and producer. ... David Koepp (born June 9, 1963 in Pewaukee, Wisconsin) is an American screenwriter and director. ... Brian De Palma (born Brian Russell DePalma on September 11, 1940 in Newark, New Jersey) is a controversial American film director, best known for directing the Al Pacino classic Scarface, and the Academy Award-winning The Untouchables. ... For the video game based on the film, see Batman Begins (video game). ... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation) The Aviator is an Academy Award-winning 2004 biographical drama film, directed by Martin Scorsese, and based largely on the book Hughes by Richard Hack. ... Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorsese (IPA: AmE: ; Ita: []) (b. ... Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11, 1974[1]) is a three-time Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor who garnered world wide fame for his role as Jack Dawson in Titanic. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... The Hoax is a 2007 movie, directed by Lasse Hallström, starring Richard Gere and Alfred Molina. ... Lars Sven (Lasse) Hallström (born 2 June 1946 in Stockholm) is a Swedish film director. ... For the politician, see Clifford Irving (politician). ...

Music

• John Hartford's 1972 album Morning Bugle includes the song "Howard Hughes Blues" which describes his solitary life of "poor old Howard Hughes and all of his blues".^[28]
• The soul trio Hues Corporation, whose biggest hit was "Rock the Boat", originally called themselves "Children of Howard Hughes", but changed their name after 1973 for fear of a lawsuit. ^[29]
• The Boomtown Rats released the song "Me And Howard Hughes" on their record Tonic For The Troops in 1978.
• The British punk rock band The Tights wrote a song "Howard Hughes" which was the title track of their "Howard Hughes" single (1978).
• Gary Numan said the suited visage he used for the "Dance" (1981) and "I, Assassin" albums were patterned in part after Howard Hughes, whom he identified as one of his heroes.
• Stan Ridgway mentions being like Howard Hughes in his song, "I Wanna Be A Boss" (1992). The lyric states, "And everyone will know me, I'll be more famous than Howard Hughes. I'll grow a long beard and watch Ice Station Zebra in the nude!" ^[30]
• The British shoegazer band Ride mentioned Howard Hughes in their song "Castle on the Hill"[1] In addition, they have a song titled "Howard Hughes" on their 1992 CD single Twisterella.
• Cello trio, Rasputina have a song entitled "Howard Hughes" in Transylvanian Regurgitations (1997).
• Alice in Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell wrote a song called "Bargain Basement Howard Hughes" included in his Degradation Trip solo album (2002).
• Leadbelly composed a folksong, "Howard Hughes", which accompanies the final credits of the film The Aviator (2004).
• On his variety program, Dean Martin sang the lines "Fairy tales can come true/It can happen to you/If you're Howard Hughes..."
• Genesis mention Howard Hughes among a string of other celebrities on the song "Fly On A Windshield" from their 1974 album The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway.

John Cowan Hartford (December 30, 1937– June 4, 2001) was an American bluegrass composer and musician known for his mastery of the fiddle and banjo, as well as for his witty lyrics and unique vocal style. ... Morning Bugle is John Hartfords excellent 1972 follow-up to the groundbreaking Aereo-Plain album. ... The Hues Corporation was a pop and soul trio of the mid 70s. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Bad Hearts, 1978 Howard Hughes, 1978 The Tights are a British punk-rock band from Worcester. ... For the video game programmer Garry Newman, see Garrys Mod. ... Multi-instrumentalist singer-songwriter Stan Ridgway was the original lead singer of the band Wall of Voodoo, singing on their debut EP and first two albums, Dark Continent and Call of the West, the last of which included their only hit song, Mexican Radio. The band was named Wall of... This article is about the film. ... Shoegazing (also known as shoegaze or shoegazer; practitioners referred to as shoegazers) is a genre of alternative rock that emerged from the United Kingdom in the late 1980s. ... Ride were a British shoegazing band. ... Rasputina is a varying collection of cellists playing alternative rock. ... This article is about the grunge band. ... Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr. ... Degradation Trip is the second solo album by the Alice in Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell, released on June 18, 2002 (see 2002 in music). ... Leadbelly, also known as Lead Belly (born Huddie William Ledbetter; January 20, 1889 (although this is debatable) - December 6, 1949), was an American folk and blues musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing, his virtuosity on the twelve string guitar, and the rich songbook of folk standards he introduced. ... Folk song redirects here. ... Dean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti, June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, film actor, and comedian. ... For other uses, see Genesis (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

References

Notes

Bibliography

is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Howard Hughes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Howard Hughes

• The Howard Hughes Corporation
• The Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering, UNLV
• The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
• Welcome Home Howard: Collection of photographs kept by UNLV
• Howard Hughes at the Internet Movie Database

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