Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey of Adelaide and Marston, OM, FRS, (September 24, 1898 – February 21, 1968) was a pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the extraction of penicillin. For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems. ... Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Sir Ernst Boris Chain (June 19, 1906 – August 12, 1979) was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin. ... Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (August 6, 1881 – March 11, 1955) was a British biologist and pharmacologist. ... Penicillin nucleus Penicillin refers to a group of β-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. ...

Lord Florey OM FRS

Born in Adelaide, South Australia, Florey was a brilliant student (and junior sportsman) who studied medicine at the University of Adelaide from 1917 to 1921. At the university he met Ethel Reed, another medical student who was to become both his wife and his research colleague. A Rhodes Scholar, he continued his studies at the Queen's College, Oxford. The Queen's College has an accommodation annexe for undergraduate students, an interesting example of 1960s British architecture, named The Florey Building in memory of Florey's achievements. It was built during his term as Provost of the College. Florey File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. ... Emblems: Hairy Nosed Wombat (faunal); Sturts Desert Pea (floral); Opal (gemstone); Leafy Seadragon (marine) Motto: United for the Common Wealth Slogan or Nickname: Festival State Other Australian states and territories Capital Adelaide Government Governor Premier Const. ... The University of Adelaide (or Adelaide University) is located in Adelaide, South Australia. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Ethel Reed was the wife of Howard Walter Florey. ... Rhodes House in Oxford The Rhodes Scholarships were created by Cecil Rhodes and have been awarded to applicants annually since 1902 by the Oxford-based Rhodes Trust on the basis of academic qualities, as well as those of character. ... The Queens College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ...

After periods in the United States and at the University of Cambridge, he returned to Oxford, becoming a Fellow of Lincoln College and leading a team of researchers. In 1938, working with Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, he read Alexander Fleming's paper discussing the antibacterial effects of Penicillium notatum mould. His research team investigated the large-scale production of the mould and efficient extraction of the active ingredient, succeeding to the point where, by 1945, penicillin production was an industrial process for the Allies in World War II. The University of Cambridge (often called Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... College name Lincoln College Named after Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln Established 1427 Sister College Downing College Rector Prof. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Norman George Heatley (January 10, 1911 - January 5, 2004) was a member of the team of Oxford scientists who developed penicillin. ... Penicillium notatum, also known as Penicillium chrysogenum, is a fungi from which originates the well-known antibiotic penicillin, discovered first in 1896 by French physician Ernest Duchesne, forgotten, and then rediscovered by chance by Alexander Fleming in 1928. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II...

Having been knighted in 1944, Florey was made a life peer in 1965 as Baron Florey, of Adelaide and Marston. This was a higher honour than the knighthood awarded to penicillin's discoverer, Sir Alexander Fleming, and recognised the monumental work Florey did in making penicillin available in sufficient quantities to save millions of lives in the war, despite the doubts of Fleming that this was feasible. A statue of an armoured knight of the Middle Ages For the chess piece, see knight (chess). ... In the United Kingdom, Life Peers are appointed members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited (those whose titles are inheritable are known as hereditary peers). ...

Lord Florey was elected president of the Royal Society in 1959. After the death of Ethel, he married his long-time colleague and research assistant Dr. Margaret Jennings in 1967. Florey was Chancellor of The Australian National University 1965-68. He died of a heart attack in 1968. The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... The Australian National University (ANU), is a university located in Canberra, the national capital of Australia. ... A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream. ...

Florey is regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as probably its greatest scientist. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said that 'in terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia'. Sir Robert Gordon Menzies KT AK CH QC FRS, (20 December 1894 – 14 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, serving a total of eighteen and a half years in office from 1939 to 1941 and from 1949 to 1966. ... Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ...

Florey's portrait appeared on the Australian $50 note for many years, and a suburb in the national capital Canberra is named after him. A building in the University of Melbourne and the largest lecture theatre in the University of Adelaide's medical school are also named after him. For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ...

In 2004, he was selected the Greatest Australian in a TV special.

External links

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