 Thomas Cole (1801-1848) View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm or The Oxbow 1836 The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement by a group of landscape painters, whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism. Their paintings depict the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area, as well as the Catskill Mountains, Adirondack Mountains, and White Mountains of New Hampshire. "School", in this sense, refers to a group of people whose outlook, inspiration, output, or style demonstrates a common thread, rather than a learning institution. View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow). ...
View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow). ...
Thomas Cole, ca. ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. ...
Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ...
Romantics redirects here. ...
For the magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine). ...
The Catskill Mountains (also known as simply the Catskills), a natural area in New York State northwest of New York City and southwest of Albany are a mature dissected plateau, an uplifted region that was subsequently eroded into sharp relief. ...
Stream on the hike to the top of Ampersand Mountain The Adirondack mountain range is located in the northeastern part of New York that runs through Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Lewis, St. ...
Looking south on the Franconia Ridge Trail. ...
Overview
Neither the originator of the term Hudson River School nor its first published use has been fixed with certainty. It is thought to have originated with the New York Tribune art critic Clarence Cook or the landscape painter Homer D. Martin (Howat, pages 3-4). As originally used, the term was meant disparagingly, as the work so labelled had gone out of favor when the Barbizon School and Impressionism came into vogue. The Gleaners. ...
This article is about the art movement. ...
Hudson River School paintings reflect three themes of America in the 19th century: discovery, exploration, and settlement. The paintings also depict the American landscape as a pastoral setting, where human beings and nature coexist peacefully. Hudson River School landscapes are characterized by their realistic, detailed, and sometimes idealized portrayal of nature along with the juxtaposition of colonialism and wilderness. In general, Hudson River School artists believed that nature in the form of the American landscape was an ineffable manifestation of God, though the artists varied in the depth of their religious conviction. They took as their inspiration such European masters as Claude Lorrain, John Constable and J.M.W. Turner, and shared a reverence for America's natural beauty with contemporary American writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. For other uses, see Pastoral (disambiguation). ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
This article is about the physical universe. ...
This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...
Claude Lorrain. ...
A self portrait by John Constable John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English Romantic painter. ...
J. M. W. Turner, English landscape painter The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, painted 1839. ...
Thoreau redirects here. ...
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, poet, and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early nineteenth century. ...
While the elements of the paintings are rendered very realistically, many of the actual scenes are the synthesized compositions of multiple scenes or natural images observed by the artists. In gathering the visual data for their paintings, the artists would travel to rather extraordinary and extreme environments, the likes of which would not permit the act of painting. During these expeditions, sketches and memories would be recorded and the paintings would be rendered later, upon the artists' safe return home.
Thomas Cole The artist Thomas Cole is generally acknowledged as the founder of the Hudson River School. Cole took a steamship up the Hudson in the autumn of 1825, the same year the Erie Canal opened, stopping first at West Point, then at Catskill landing where he ventured west high up into the eastern Catskill Mountains of New York State to paint the first landscapes of the area. The first review of his work appeared in the New York Evening Post on Nov. 22, 1825[1]. At that time, only the English native Cole, born in a monochromatic green landscape, found the brilliant autumn hues of the area unusual. Cole's close friend, Asher Durand, became a prominent figure in the school as well, particularly when the banknote-engraving business evaporated in the Panic of 1837. Thomas Cole, ca. ...
Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...
The Catskill Mountains (also known as simply the Catskills), a natural area in New York State northwest of New York City and southwest of Albany are a mature dissected plateau, an uplifted region that was subsequently eroded into sharp relief. ...
Asher Brown Durand (1796 - 1886) was a U.S. painter of Hudson River School. ...
Whig campaign poster blames Van Buren for hard times (1840). ...
Second generation The second generation of Hudson River school artists emerged to prominence after Cole's premature death in 1848, including Cole's prize pupil Frederic Edwin Church, John Frederick Kensett, and Sanford Robinson Gifford. Works by artists of this second generation are often described as examples of Luminism, or the Luminist movement in American art. In addition to pursuing their art, many of the artists, including Kensett. Gifford and Church[2], were founders of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Frederic Edwin Church (May 4, 1826 - April 7, 1900) was an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. ...
John Frederick Kensett b. ...
Sanford Robinson Gifford (July 10, 1823 – August 29, 1880) was an American landscape painter and one of the leading members of the Hudson River School. ...
Luminism is an American landscape painting style of the 1850s – 1870s, characterized by effects of light in landscapes, through the use of aerial perspective, and the hiding of visible brushstrokes. ...
Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ...
New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...
Most of the finest works of the Hudson River school were painted between 1855 and 1875. During that time, artists like Frederic Edwin Church and Albert Bierstadt were treated like major celebrities. When Church exhibited paintings like Niagara[3] or Icebergs of the North [4], thousands of people would line up around the block and pay fifty cents a head to view the solitary work. The epic size of the landscapes in these paintings reminded Americans of the vast, untamed, but magnificent wilderness areas in their country, and their works helped build upon movements to settle the American West, preserve national parks, and create city parks. Albert Bierstadt, by Napoleon Sarony. ...
Public collections One of the largest collections of paintings by artists of the Hudson River School is at the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut. Some of the most notable works in the Atheneum's collection are 13 landscapes by Thomas Cole, and 11 by Hartford native Frederic Edwin Church, both of whom were personal friends of the museum's founder, Daniel Wadsworth. Other important collections of Hudson River School art can be seen at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the New-York Historical Society, both in Manhattan, NY; the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, NY; the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC; the Albany Institute of History & Art in Albany, New York; the Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, Oklahoma; the Newark Museum in Newark, NJ; and the Westervelt Warner Museum of American Art in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The Wadsworth Atheneum is the oldest public art museum in the United States and largest in the state of Connecticut. ...
Hartford redirects here. ...
Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ...
The New-York Historical Society is an American organization located in New York City and dedicated to the preservation of the citys history. ...
This article is about the borough of New York City. ...
The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, is the second largest art museum in New York City, and one of the largest in the United States. ...
This article is about the borough of New York City. ...
The West building of the National Gallery of Art with the East building visible behind and to to the left The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1937 by the Congress, with funds for...
The Albany Institute of History & Art (AIHA) is a museum in Albany, New York dedicated to collecting, preserving, interpreting and promoting interest in the history, art, and culture of Albany and the Upper Hudson Valley region.[1] The museum is located at 125 Washington Avenue in downtown Albany. ...
For other uses, see Albany. ...
Gilcrease Museum Gilcrease Museum is a museum located northwest of downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. ...
Main Building of the Newark Museum The Newark Museum is the largest museum in New Jersey. ...
The Westervelt Warner is located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States. ...
Tuscaloosa is a city in west central Alabama in the southern United States. ...
Noteworthy artists of the Hudson River School -
Main article: List of Hudson River School artists Albert Bierstadt, by Napoleon Sarony. ...
Frederic Edwin Church (May 4, 1826 - April 7, 1900) was an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. ...
Thomas Cole, ca. ...
Samuel Colman (1832—1920) was an American painter, interior designer, and writer, probably best remembered for his paintings of the Hudson River. ...
Jasper Francis Cropsey is an artist of the Hudson River School. ...
Thomas Doughty (1793–1856) was an American artist of the Hudson River School. ...
Robert Scott Duncanson (c. ...
Asher Brown Durand, circa 1869. ...
Sanford Robinson Gifford (July 10, 1823 – August 29, 1880) was an American landscape painter and one of the leading members of the Hudson River School. ...
James McDougal Hart (1828 - 1901), born in Kilmarnock, Scotland, like his brother, was a landscape and cattle painter. ...
William Hart in c. ...
Martin Johnson Heade (1819-1904) was an American painter of the Hudson River School. ...
Hermann Ottomar Herzog (November 15, 1831 - September 11, 1932) was a prominent nineteenth- and early twentieth-century European and American artist. ...
Yosemite Valley by Thomas Hil, c. ...
Near Noroton Connecticut (1875) by David Johnson David Johnson (1827 – 1908) was an Hudson River School painter. ...
John Frederick Kensett b. ...
Jervis McEntee (July 14, 1828 - January 27, 1891) was a American painter of the Hudson River School. ...
Thomas Moran. ...
Robert Walter Weir, circa 1864. ...
Worthington Whittredge (1820-1910) was an American artist of the Hudson River School. ...
See also Thomas Hill (1829-1908) Mount Lafayette in Winter 1870 In the early part of the 19th century, artists ventured to the White Mountains of New Hampshire to sketch and paint. ...
Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. ...
See also Western art, History of painting, History of art, Art history, Painting, Outline of painting history Jan Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, known as the Mona Lisa of the North 1665-1667 Édouard Manet, The Balcony 1868 The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition...
// The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures. ...
References
Sources Howat, John K. American Paradise, The World of the Hudson River School. The Metroplitan Museum of Art, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1987. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ...
External links | Hudson River School | Movements: << Age of Enlightenment • Romanticism • Victorianism / Realism >> The Age of Enlightenment (French: ; Italian: ; German: ; Spanish: ; Swedish: ; Polish: ) was an eighteenth-century movement in Western philosophy. ...
Romantics redirects here. ...
Victorianism is the name given to the attitudes, art, and culture of the later two-thirds of the 19th century. ...
For other uses, see Realism (disambiguation). ...
| | | Museums: Metropolitan Museum of Art • Wadsworth Atheneum • National Gallery of Art • New-York Historical Society • Westervelt Warner • Brooklyn Museum Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ...
The Wadsworth Atheneum is the oldest public art museum in the United States and largest in the state of Connecticut. ...
The West building of the National Gallery of Art with the East building visible behind and to to the left The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1937 by the Congress, with funds for...
The New-York Historical Society is an American organization located in New York City and dedicated to the preservation of the citys history. ...
The Westervelt Warner is located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States. ...
The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, is the second largest art museum in New York City, and one of the largest in the United States. ...
| Locations: Catskill Mountain House • Kaaterskill Falls • North-South Lake • Olana • Thomas Cole House View from The Mountain House, 1836, by Thomas Cole The Mountain House, 1836, by Jasper Francis Cropsey The Catskill Mountain House was a famous hotel near Palenville, New York in the Catskill Mountains overlooking the Hudson River Valley, built in 1824. ...
Kaaterskill Falls is a two-drop waterfall located near in the eastern Catskill Mountains of New York, on the north side of Kaaterskill Clove, between the hamlets of Haines Falls and Palenville in Greene Countys Town of Hunter. ...
North and South lakes as seen from North Point. ...
Olana State Historic Site is located in Columbia County, New York, USA. The site is the former estate of artist Frederic Edwin Church. ...
| | Romanticism | | Music | Alkan · Balakirev · Beethoven · Bellini · Berlioz · Berwald · Bizet · Borodin · Brahms · Bruckner · Chopin · Cui · Dvořák · Elgar · Field · Franck · Glinka · Grieg · Liszt · Mahler · Mendelssohn · Mussorgsky · Rachmaninoff · Rimsky-Korsakov · Saint-Saëns · Schubert · Schumann · Smetana · Strauss · Tchaikovsky · Verdi · Wagner · Wolf · Weber Romantics redirects here. ...
The expression romantic music and the homophone phrase Romantic music have two essentially different meanings. ...
Charles-Valentin Alkan (November 30, 1813–March 29, 1888) was a French composer and one of the greatest virtuoso pianists of his day. ...
Portrait of Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev (Russian: , Milij AlekseeviÄ Balakirev) (January 2, 1837 – May 29, 1910) was a Russian composer. ...
“Beethoven†redirects here. ...
Vincenzo Bellini Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini (November 3, 1801 – September 23, 1835) was an Italian opera composer. ...
Painting of Berlioz by Gustave Courbet, 1850. ...
Franz Berwald ca 1840 - painter unknown Franz Adolf Berwald (born in Stockholm on July 23, 1796 and died there on April 3, 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer who was generally ignored during his lifetime and had to make his living as an orthopedic surgeon and, later, as the manager...
Georges Bizet Georges Bizet (October 25, 1838 – June 3, 1875) was a French composer and pianist of the romantic era. ...
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: , Aleksandr PorfireviÄ Borodin) (31 Oct. ...
Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (May 7, 1833 – April 3, 1897) was a German composer of the Romantic period. ...
Bruckner redirects here. ...
Chopin redirects here. ...
César Antonovich Cui (Russian: , Tsezar AntonoviÄ Kjui) (January 6, 1835 (Old Style)-March 13, 1918) was a Russian of French and Lithuanian descent. ...
AntonÃn Dvořák AntonÃn Leopold Dvořák ( , often anglicized DVOR-zhak; September 8, 1841 – May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk music of his native Bohemia and Moravia in symphonic, oratorial, chamber and operatic works. ...
Sir Edward Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English Romantic composer. ...
John Field John Field (July 26, 1782 – January 23, 1837) was an Irish composer and pianist. ...
César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (December 10, 1822 – November 8, 1890), a composer, organist and music teacher of Belgian origin who lived in France, was one of the great figures in classical music in the second half of the 19th century. ...
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Mihail IvanoviÄ Glinka) (June 1, 1804 [O.S. May 20] - February 15, 1857 [O.S. February 3]), was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition inside his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music. ...
Edvard Grieg Edvard Hagerup Grieg (15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the romantic period. ...
Liszt redirects here. ...
Mahler redirects here. ...
Portrait of Mendelssohn by the English miniaturist James Warren Childe (1778-1862), 1839 Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3, 1809 – November 4, 1847) is a German composer, pianist and conductor of the early Romantic period. ...
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Russian: , Modest PetroviÄ Musorgskij, French: ) (March 9/21, 1839 – March 16/28, 1881), one of the Russian composers known as the Five, was an innovator of Russian music. ...
Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Russian: , Sergej VasileviÄ Rakhmaninov, 1 April 1873 (N.S.) or 20 March 1873 (O.S.) – 28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor, one of the last great champions of the Romantic style of European classical music. ...
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: , Nikolaj AndreeviÄ Rimskij-Korsakov), also Nikolay, Nicolai, and Rimsky-Korsakoff, (March 6 (N.S. March 18), 1844 – June 8 (N.S. June 21) 1908) was a Russian composer, one of five Russian composers known as The Five, and was later a...
Charles Camille Saint-Saëns () (9 October 1835 – 16 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor, and pianist, known especially for his orchestral works The Carnival of the Animals, Danse Macabre, Samson et Dalila, and Symphony No. ...
Schubert redirects here. ...
For other persons named Robert Schumann, see Robert Schumann (disambiguation). ...
Portrait of Bedřich Smetana Bedřich Smetana (pronounced ; 2 March 1824 - 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer. ...
This article is about the German composer of tone-poems and operas. ...
“Tchaikovsky†redirects here. ...
“Verdi†redirects here. ...
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ...
Photograph of Hugo Wolf Hugo Wolf (March 13, 1860 – February 22, 1903) was an Austrian composer of Slovene origin, particularly noted for his art songs, or Lieder. ...
Carl Maria von Weber Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst, Freiherr von Weber (November 18, 1786 in Eutin, Holstein – June 5, 1826 in London, England) was a German composer, conductor, pianist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school. ...
| | Literature | Blake · Burns · Byron · Carlyle · Coleridge · Goethe · Hoffmann · Hölderlin · Hugo · Keats · Krasinski · Lamartine · Leopardi · Lermontov · Macpherson · Mickiewicz · Nerval · Novalis · Poe · Pushkin · Scott · Shelley · Southey · Slowacki · Wordsworth Romanticism largely began as a reaction against the prevailing Enlightenment ideals of the day. ...
For other persons named William Blake, see William Blake (disambiguation). ...
For the chain gang fugitive and author from Georgia, see Robert Elliott Burns. ...
Byron redirects here. ...
Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, satirist, and historian, whose work was hugely influential during the Victorian era. ...
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) (pronounced ) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. ...
Goethe redirects here. ...
ETA Hoffman Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (January 24, 1776 - June 25, 1822), was a German romantic and fantasy author and composer. ...
Friedrich Hölderlin Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin [] (March 20, 1770 – June 6, 1843) was a major German lyric poet. ...
Victor-Marie Hugo (pronounced ) (February 26, 1802 — May 22, 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights campaigner, and perhaps the most influential exponent of the Romantic movement in France. ...
Keats redirects here. ...
Categories: 1812 births | 1859 deaths | Polish poets | Polish writers | Stub ...
Portrait of Alphonse de Lamartine Lamartine in front of the Hôtel de Ville de Paris, on the 25 February 1848, by Philippoteaux Alphonse Marie Louise Prat de Lamartine (Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat de Lamartine) (October 21, 1790 - February 28, 1869) was a French writer, poet and politician, born...
Giacomo Leopardi, Count (June 29, 1798 – June 14, 1837) is generally considered, along with such figures as Dante, Petrarca, Ariosto and Tasso, to be among Italys greatest poets and one of its greatest thinkers. ...
Mikhail Lermontov in 1837 Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов), (October 15, 1814–July 27, 1841), a Russian Romantic writer and poet, sometimes called the poet of the Caucasus, was the most important presence in the Russian poetry from Alexander Pushkins death until his own four years later, at the age...
James Macpherson (October 27, 1736–February 17, 1796), was a Scottish poet, known as the translator of the Ossian cycle of poems (also known as the OisÃn cycle). ...
Adam Mickiewicz. ...
Gérard de Nerval (May 22, 1808 - January 26, 1855) was the nom-de-plume of the French poet, essayist and translator Gérard Labrunie, the most essentially Romantic among French poets. ...
For the German rock band, see Novalis (band). ...
Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ...
Aleksandr Pushkin by Vasily Tropinin Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: ÐлекÑаÌндр СергеÌевич ПуÌшкин, Aleksandr SergeeviÄ PuÅ¡kin, ) (June 6, 1799 [O.S. May 26] – February 10, 1837 [O.S. January 29]) was a Russian Romantic author who is considered to be the greatest Russian poet[1] [2][3] and the founder of modern Russian...
Raeburns portrait of Sir Walter Scott in 1822. ...
Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 – July 8, 1822; pronounced ) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets of the English language. ...
Robert Southey, English poet Robert Southey (August 12, 1774 – March 21, 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called Lake Poets, and Poet Laureate. ...
Juliusz Słowacki Juliusz Słowacki (4 September 1809–3 April 1849) was one of the most famous Polish romantic poets. ...
Wordsworth redirects here. ...
| | Visual arts | Blake · Briullov · Constable · Corot · Delacroix · Friedrich · Géricault · Gothic Revival architecture · Goya · Hudson River school · Leutze · Nazarene movement · Palmer · Turner For other persons named William Blake, see William Blake (disambiguation). ...
Karl Pavlovich Briullov (Карл Павлович Брюллов), called by his friends the Great Karl (December 12, 1799, St Petersburg - June 11, 1852, Rome), was the first Russian painter of international standing. ...
A self portrait by John Constable John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English Romantic painter. ...
For a project of the French Space Agency, see COROT. Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (portrait by Nadar) Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 16, 1796 – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching. ...
Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (April 26, 1798 – August 13, 1863) was one of the most important of the French Romantic painters. ...
Self-portrait in chalk, 1810 by fellow artist Georg Friedrich Kersting, 1812 Caspar David Friedrich (September 5, 1774 – May 7, 1840) was a 19th century German romantic painter, considered by many critics to be one of the finest representatives of the movement. ...
Monument at Gericaults tomb. ...
Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin San Sebastian Church in Manila, Philippines made entirely of steel. ...
Goya redirects here. ...
Thomas Cole (1801-1848) View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm or The Oxbow 1836 The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement by a group of landscape painters, whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism. ...
Washington Crossing the Delaware Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816 – July 18, 1868) was a German-born American painter. ...
-1...
Self-portrait of the young Samuel Palmer, circa 1826. ...
Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775[1] – 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. ...
| | Culture | Bohemianism · Ossian · Romantic nationalism For other uses, see Bohemian (disambiguation). ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with OisÃn. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
| | | The Age of Enlightenment (French: ; Italian: ; German: ; Spanish: ; Swedish: ; Polish: ) was an eighteenth-century movement in Western philosophy. ...
Victorianism is the name given to the attitudes, art, and culture of the later two-thirds of the 19th century. ...
For other uses, see Realism (disambiguation). ...
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