cells (chondroblast, chondrocyte) Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... This article is about modern humans. ... Variation in the physical appearance of humans is believed by anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and social relations in particular physical attractiveness. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... For the Björk song, see Human Behaviour Human behavior is the collection of behaviors exhibited by human beings and influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, hypnosis, persuasion, coercion and/or genetics. ... Human biology is an interdisciplinary academic field of biology, biological anthropology, and medicine which focuses on humans; it is closely related to primate biology, and a number of other fields. ... Central New York City. ... Human communication is the field dedicated to understanding how people communicate: with themselves intrapersonal communication another person interpersonal communication within groups group dynamics within organizations organizational communication across cultures cross-cultural communication Important Figures David Berlo Brent Ruben Wendell Johnson Norbert Weiner Marshal McLuhan Carl Rogers Albert Mehrabian Related topics... For other uses, see Human condition (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... Human development may refer to: Human development (biology) Human development (psychology) see Developmental psychology Occasionally, it may refer to both, but because each of these is already an immense area, few if any contemporary academic discussions attempt to tackle both with any completeness. ... For the history of humans on Earth, see History of the world. ... A karyotype of a human male, showing 46 chromosomes including XY sex chromosomes. ... For other uses, see Mind (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Human nature (disambiguation). ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... This article is about human sexual perceptions. ... For other uses, see Society (disambiguation). ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ... For transport in plants, see Vascular tissue. ... what was here was sick and improperly spelled. ... The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... In zootomy, the integumentary system is the external covering of the body, comprising the skin, hair, scales, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat and mucus). ... The human lymphatic system The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, lymphatic tissues, lymph capillaries and lymph vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system. ... The muscular system is the biological system of an organism that allows it to move. ... The nervous system is a highly specialized network whose principal components are cells called neurons. ... A pictorial illustration of the human female reproductive system. ... The Respiratory System Among four-legged animals, the respiratory system generally includes tubes, such as the bronchi, used to carry air to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. ... Front view of a skeleton of an adult human Back view of a skeleton of an adult human The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. ... The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. ... For other uses of the word head, see head (disambiguation). ... In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. ... In human anatomy, the forehead or brow is the bony part of the head above the eyes. ... For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ear (disambiguation). ... The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. ... Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. ... For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ... Teeth redirects here. ... The mandible (from Latin mandibÅ­la, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ... For other uses, see Face (disambiguation). ... This article is about the anatomical feature. ... This article is about the part of the face. ... Image File history File links Human body features (external) Created by Vsion. ... For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Throat (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Adams apple (disambiguation). ... The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ... This article is about the body part. ... The vertebral column seen from the side Different regions (curvatures) of the vertebral column The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. ... For other uses, see Breast (disambiguation). ... The Tail of Spence (or Spences tail) is an extension of the tissue of the breast which extends into the axilla (armpit). ... Male Chest The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. ... The human rib cage. ... The human abdomen (from the Latin word meaning belly) is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined, is any of those anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in a complex organism; in mammals, these are: Female: Bartholins glands, cervix, clitoris, Fallopian tubes, labia, ovaries, Skenes... The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present in biologically female mammals. ... The vagina, (from Latin, literally sheath or scabbard ) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles. ... The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ... In some male mammals, the scrotum is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. ... Look up testes in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur which is known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ... This article is about the bodily orifice. ... Bottom commonly refers to the human buttocks but also has other uses. ... A limb (from the Old English lim) is a jointed, or prehensile (as octopus tentacles or new world monkey tails), appendage of the human or animal body; a large or main branch of a tree; a representative, branch or member of a group or organization. ... Look up ARM in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the joint in the arm. ... // The Human Forearm The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. ... For the municipality in Germany, see Wrist, Germany. ... For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Thumb (disambiguation). ... The Index finger The index finger, pointer finger or forefinger is the second digit of a human hand, located between the thumb and the middle finger. ... This article is about the vulgar gesture. ... The ring finger is the fourth digit of the human hand, and the second most ulnar finger, located between the middle finger and the little finger. ... The little finger, often called the pinky in American English and pinkie in Scottish English (from the Dutch word pink, meaning little finger), is the most ulnar and usually smallest finger of the human hand, opposite the thumb, next to the ring finger. ... In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ... Manuel Márquez de León International Airport (IATA: LAP, ICAO: MMLP) is an international airport located at La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. ... In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and buttocks and the knee. ... For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ... The calf or gastrosoleus is a pair of muscles—the gastrocnemius and soleus—at the back of the lower human leg. ... For other uses, see Heel (disambiguation). ... For a review of anatomical terms, see Anatomical position and Anatomical terms of location. ... For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation). ... This article is about the body part. ... Toes on foot. ... For other uses, see Skin (disambiguation). ... For the 1968 stage production, see Hair (musical), for the 1979 film, see Hair (film). ... Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... This article is about the epithelium as it relates to animal anatomy. ... Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. ... For other uses of Muscles, see Muscles (disambiguation). ... Nervous tissue is the fourth major class of vertebrate tissue. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Cross-section of a flax plant stem: 1. ... Cross section of celery stalk, showing vascular bundles, which include both phloem and xylem. ... The types of ground tissue found in plants develops from ground tissue meristem and consists of three simple tissues: Parenchyma (have retained their protoplasm) Collenchyma (have retained their protoplasm) Sclerenchyma (have lost their protoplasm in mature stage, i. ... For other uses, see System (disambiguation). ... Systems science is the science of complex systems. ... An example of a system: The nervous system. ... There are many definitions of complexity, therefore many natural, artificial and abstract objects or networks can be considered to be complex systems, and their study (complexity science) is highly interdisciplinary. ... Complex adaptive systems are special cases of complex systems. ... A conceptual system is a system that is comprised of non-physical objects, i. ... Cultural system refers to the functional interaction between the different elements of culture in a particular manner. ... The Lorenz attractor is an example of a non-linear dynamical system. ... An economic system is a particular set of social institutions which deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a particular society. ... A coral reef near the Hawaiian islands is an example of a complex marine ecosystem. ... In logic and mathematics, a formal system consists of two components, a formal language plus a set of inference rules or transformation rules. ... GPS redirects here. ... Information System (example) An Information System (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes. ... World distribution of major legal traditions The three major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law and religious law. ... A system of measurement is a set of units which can be used to specify anything which can be measured and were historically important, regulated and defined because of trade and internal commerce. ... The International System of Units (symbol: SI) (for the French phrase Syst me International dUnit s) is the most widely used system of units. ... The nervous system is a highly specialized network whose principal components are cells called neurons. ... In mathematics, a nonlinear system is one whose behavior cant be expressed as a sum of the behaviors of its parts (or of their multiples. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... A physical system is a system that is comprised of matter and energy. ... A political system is a system of politics and government. ... The human eye is the first element of a sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system. ... See Social structure of the United States for an explanation of concepts exsistance within US society. ... This article is about the Solar System. ... For other uses, see Chaos Theory (disambiguation). ... Complex systems have a number of properties, some of which are listed below. ... For control theory in psychology and sociology, see control theory (sociology). ... For other uses, see Cybernetics (disambiguation). ... Holism in science, or Holistic science, is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems. ... Sociotechnical systems theory is theory about the social aspects of people and society and technical aspects of machines and technology. ... Systems biology is a term used very widely in the biosciences, particularly from the year 2000 onwards, and in a variety of contexts. ... System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. ... Systems Ecology is a transdiscipline which studies ecological systems, or ecosystems. ... Systems engineering techniques are used in complex projects: from spacecrafts to chip design, from robotics to creating large software products to building bridges, Systems engineering uses a host of tools that include modeling & simulation, requirements analysis, and scheduling to manage complexity Systems Engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary approach and means... Systems science is the science of complex systems. ... Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field of science. ... Russell Lincoln Ackoff (born 12 February 1919) is a Professor Emeritus of the Wharton School in operations research and systems theory. ... William Ross Ashby (September 6, 1903, London, England - November 15, 1972) was a British psychiatrist and a pioneer in the study of complex systems. ... Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904–4 July 1980) was a British anthropologist, social scientist, linguist and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields. ... Anthony Stafford Beer (September 25, 1926 - August 23, 2002) was a theorist in operational research and management cybernetics. ... Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy (September 19, 1901, Vienna, Austria - June 12, 1972, New York, USA) was a biologist who was a founder of general systems theory--which he literally translated from the mathematization of Nicolai Hartmanns Ontology as stated by himself in his seminal work-- .An Austrian citizen, he... Kenneth E. Boulding Kenneth Ewart Boulding (January 18, 1910 - March 18, 1993) was an economist, educator, peace activist, poet, religious mystic, devoted Quaker, systems scientist, and interdisciplinary philosopher. ... British academic Peter Checkland is the developer of soft-systems methodology (SSM) in the field of systems thinking. ... Charles West Churchman (born August 29, 1913 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, died March 21, 2004 Bolinas, California) was an American philospher in the field of management science, operations research and systems theory. ... He is a twat He was born in Vienna and died in Pescadero, California. ... Charles François is a Belgian citizen, born 1922 and retired from the Belgian Foreign Service since 1987. ... Jay Wright Forrester (born 14 July 1918 Climax, Nebraska) is an American pioneer of computer engineering. ... Ralph Waldo Gerard (7 October 1900, Harvey, Illinois - 17 February 1974) was an American neurophysiologist and behavioral scientist known for his wide-ranging work on the nervous system, nerve metabolism, psychopharmacology, and biological bases of schizophrenia [1]. // Gerard was born in Harvey, Illinois at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Debora Hammond down the Green River in Canyonlands National Park Debora Hammond is an American systems theorist, working as an Associate Professor professor Interdisciplinary Studies of the Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at the Sonoma State University. ... George Jiri Klir (1932 Prague, Czechoslovakia) is an Czech-American computer scientist and professor of systems sciences at the Center for Intelligent Systems at the Binghamton University in New York. ... Niklas Luhmann (December 8, 1927 - November 6, 1998) was a German sociologist, administration expert, and social systems theorist, as well as one the most prominent modern day thinkers in the sociological systems theory. ... Humberto Maturana (born September 14, 1928 in Santiago) is a Chilean biologist whose work crosses over into philosophy and cognitive science. ... Donella Dana Meadows (March 13, 1941 Elgin, Illinois, USA - February 20, 2001, New Hampshire) was a pioneering environmental scientist, a teacher and writer. ... Mihajlo D. Mesarovic (1928) is a Yugoslavian scientist, who was professor of Systems Engineering and Mathematics at Case Western Reserve University. ... Howard Thomas Odum (1924-2002), commonly known as H.T. Odum or Tom Odum, was an eminent American ecosystem ecologist and a professor at the University of Florida. ... Talcott Parsons Talcott Edgar Frederick Parsons (December 13, 1902–May 8, 1979) was for many years the best-known sociologist in the United States, and indeed one of the best-known in the world. ... Ilya Prigogine (January 25, 1917 – May 28, 2003) was a Belgian physicist and chemist noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. ... Anatol Rapoport (born May 22, 1911) is a Russian-born American Jewish, mathematical psychologist. ... Francisco Varela (Santiago, September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001, Paris) was a Chilean biologist and philosopher who, together with his teacher Humberto Maturana, is best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology. ... JOHN N. WARFIELD The career of John Warfield has been described as passing through four phases: Phase 1: Electrical engineering faculty member: 1948-1965 Phase 2: Starting a systems science research career path: 1966-1980 Phase 3: Accruing evidence and developing components of systems science: 1980-2000 Phase 4: Aggregating... Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894, Columbia, Missouri – March 18, 1964, Stockholm Sweden) was an American theoretical and applied mathematician. ... The musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system) is an organ system that gives animals the ability to physically move using the muscles and skeletal system. ... Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... The perichondrium is a layer of dense connective tissue which surrounds the cartilage. ... A fibrocartilage callus is a temporary fibrocartilage callus which forms as bone attemps to heal a fracture. ... The metaphysis is the body of cartilage that separates the epiphyses and the diaphysis of long bones during growth. ... A chondroblast is a cell, which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms Chondrocytes, commonly known as cartilage cells. ... Chondrocytes (< Greek chondros cartilage + kytos cell) are the only cells found in cartilage. ...

cycle (osteoblast, osteoid, osteocyte, osteoclast) Cartilage is type of dense connective tissue. ... Elastic cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, larynx, and epiglottis which contains fibers made of elastin. ... Cartilage is type of dense connective tissue. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... Ossification is the process of bone formation, in which connective tissues, such as cartilage are turned to bone or bone-like tissue. ... Osteoblasts and osteoclasts on trabecula of lower jaw of calf embryo. ... Section of fetal bone of cat. ... The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide, and grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis at an epiphysis at one end of the growing bone. ... An osteoblast (from the Greek words for bone and germ or embryonic) is a mononucleate cell that is responsible for bone formation. ... Osteoid is a protein mixture which is secreted by osteoblasts. ... An osteocyte, a star-shaped cell, is the most abundant cell found in bone. ... An osteoclast (from the Greek words for bone and broken) is a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix. ...

types (cancellous, cortical) Cancellous bone (or trabecular bone, or spongy bone) is a spongy type of bone with a very high surface area, found at the ends of long bones. ... Cortical bone, also known as compact bone is one of two main types of osseous tissues. ...

regions (epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis) For other uses of the word bone, see bone (disambiguation). ... The metaphysis is the body of cartilage that separates the epiphyses and the diaphysis of long bones during growth. ... The diaphysis is the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. ...

structure (osteon/Haversian system, Haversian canals, endosteum, periosteum, Sharpey's fibres, enthesis, lacunae, canaliculi, trabeculae, medullary cavity, bone marrow) Osteons (cross section) Osteons (also called Haversian system in honor of Clopton Havers) are predominant structures found in some lamellar or compact bone. ... Haversian canals are a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae. ... Endosteum is the inner lining of the bone. ... The periosteum is an envelope of fibrous connective tissue that is wrapped around the bone in all places except at joints (which are protected by cartilage). ... Sharpeys fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibres connecting periosteum to bone. ... Enthesis (plural: entheses) is the point at which a tendon inserts into bone, where the collagen fibres are mineralised and integrated into bone tissue. ... In histology, a lacuna is a small space containing an osteocyte in bone or chondrocyte in cartilage. ... Canaliculi are small, microscopic canals between the various lacunae of ossified bone. ... Definition and etymology trabeculae. ... The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where yellow marrow (adipose tissue) is stored. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Inferior nasal concha: Ethmoidal process - Maxillary process The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. ... When the two maxillæ are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. ... In the opening of the incisive foramen, the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. ... In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. ... Medially, the anterior surface of the maxilla is limited by a deep concavity, the nasal notch, the margin of which gives attachment to the Dilatator naris posterior and ends below in a pointed process, which with its fellow of the opposite side forms the anterior nasal spine. ... The body of the maxilla (corpus maxillae) is somewhat pyramidal in shape, and contains a large cavity, the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). ... The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. ... The zygomatic bone (malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ... Near the center of the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. ... The malar surface of the zygomatic bone is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus. ... The palatine bone is a bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... The horizontal part of the palatine bone (horizontal plate) is quadrilateral, and has two surfaces and four borders. ... Its medial end of the posterior border of the horizontal plate of palatine bone is sharp and pointed, and, when united with that of the opposite bone, forms a projecting process, the posterior nasal spine for the attachment of the Musculus uvulæ. See also anterior nasal spine This article was... The vertical part (perpendicular plate) of the palatine bone is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and four borders. ... The greater palatine canal (or pterygopalatine canal) is a passage in the skull that transmits the greater palatine artery, vein, and nerve between the pterygopalatine fossa and the oral cavity. ... The processes of the superior border of the palatine bone are separated by the sphenopalatine notch, which is converted into the sphenopalatine foramen by the under surface of the body of the sphenoid. ... The pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates. ... The orbital process of the palatine bone is placed on a higher level than the sphenoidal, and is directed upward and lateralward from the front of the vertical part, to which it is connected by a constricted neck. ... The sphenoidal process is a thin, compressed plate, much smaller than the orbital, and directed upward and medialward. ... The mandible (from Latin mandibŭla, jawbone) or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face. ... The body of the mandible is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders. ... The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the Symphysis menti or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. ... The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. ... The mental foramen is a foramen in the mandible. ... The mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible (jaw bone) in the midline. ... Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis of the Mandible is the mylohyoid line, which gives origin to the Mylohyoideus; the posterior part of this line, near the alveolar margin, gives attachment to a small part of the Constrictor pharyngis superior, and to... (ramus mandibulæ; perpendicular portion) The ramus of the mandible is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. ... The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulæ, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and... The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. ... The Mandibular Foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. ... At the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus... The coronoid processis a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. ... The upper border of the ramus of mandible is thin, and is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep concavity, the mandibular notch. ... The condyloid process is thicker than the coronoid, and consists of two portions: the condyle, and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. ... The Nasal Bones (Ossa Faciei & Ossa Nasalia) are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, the bridge of the nose. ... The inferior nasal concha (Concha Nasalis Inferior; Inferior Turbinated Bone) extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. ... Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part... For the embryological structure, see Maxillary prominence. ...

Vomer: Wing The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. ...

Facial: Palatomaxillary suture The sphenoidal sinuses (or sphenoid) contained within the body of the sphenoid vary in size and shape; owing to the lateral displacement of the intervening septum they are rarely symmetrical. ... The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or ali-sphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards. ... At th anterior and medial part of the Sphenoid is a circular aperture, the foramen rotundum, for the transmission of the maxillary nerve. ... At the base of the skull the foramen ovale is a hole that transmits the mandibular nerve, the otic ganglion, the accessory meningeal artery, emissary veins (from the cavernous sinus to the pterygoid plexus) and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve. ... In the base of the skull, in the great wings of the sphenoid bone, medial to the foramen ovale, a small aperture, the sphenoidal emissary foramen, may occasionally be seen (it is often absent) opposite the root of the pterygoid process. ... The foramen spinosum is the foramen in the skull that permits the passage of the middle meningeal artery. ... The great wings, or ali-sphenoids, are two strong processes of bone, which arise from the sides of the body, and are curved upward, lateralward, and backward; the posterior part of each projects as a triangular process which fits into the angle between the squama and the petrous portion of... The lateral surface of the great wing is convex, and divided by a transverse ridge, the infratemporal crest, into two portions. ... The lesser wings of the sphenoid or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points [Fig. ... 1 Foramen ethmoidale, 2 Canalis opticus, 3 Fissura orbitalis superior, 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis, 5 Sulcus infraorbitalis, 6 Fissura orbitalis inferior, 7 Foramen infraorbitale The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of... In the sphenoid bone, the posterior border, smooth and rounded, is received into the lateral fissure of the brain; the medial end of this border forms the anterior clinoid process, which gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli; it is sometimes joined to the middle clinoid process by a spicule of... optical canal information ... The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. ... The Pterygoid fossa, or the sphenoid bone is wedged between several other bones in the front of the cranium. ... In the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, above the pterygoid fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the Tensor veli palatini. ... The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted; its lateral surface forms part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa, and gives attachment to the Pterygoideus externus; its medial surface forms part of the pterygoid fossa, and gives attachment... The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid is narrower and longer than the lateral pterygoid plate; it curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides. ... The pterygoid canal (also vidian canal) is a passage in the skull leading from just anterior to the foramen lacerum in the middle cranial fossa to the pterygopalatine fossa. ... The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides. ... The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum. ... The sphenoidal conchae (sphenoidal turbinated processes) are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid. ... Your skull is in your back (this is obviously not true, I was just testing the website to see if it really works) The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale) is a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. ... The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) [Fig. ... The crista galli (Latin: crest of the cock) is a median ridge of bone that projects from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. ... Bones and cartilages of septum of nose. ... In the ethmoid bone, a curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. ... The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. ... The superior meatus, the smallest of the three meatuses of the nose, occupies the middle third of the lateral wall. ... The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. ... The middle meatus is situated between the middle and inferior conchæ, and extends from the anterior to the posterior end of the latter. ... The Labyrinth or Lateral Mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoidal cells, arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral plate forms part of the orbit, the medial, part of the... ethmoidal sinuses can be divided into 3: a) anterior b) middle c) posterior except the posterior ethmoidal sinus, all the ethmoidal sinuses will drain into middle meateus. ... Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals). ... Lateral to either olfactory groove are the internal openings of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (or canals). ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... An MRI scan of the head. ... Side view of the skull. ... In human anatomy, a fontanelle (or fontanel) is one of two soft spots on a newborn humans skull. ... Side view of the skull. ... The frontoethmoidal suture is the suture between the ethmoid bone and the frontal bone. ... The frontal suture (sutura frontalis) is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. ... The coronal suture (sutura coronalis) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. ... The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. ... The lambdoid suture (sutura lambdoidea) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the parietal and temporal bones of the skull from the occipital bone. ... The sagittal suture (sutura sagittalis) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. ... The Sphenoethmoidal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone. ... The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. ... The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone. ... The Sphenosquamosal suture is a cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the squama of the temporal bone. ... The Sphenopetrosal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ... The squamosal suture arches backward from the pterion and connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal: this suture is continuous behind with the short, nearly horizontal parietomastoid suture, which unites the mastoid process of the temporal with the region of the mastoid angle of the parietal. ... The Petrosquamous suture is a cranial suture between the petrous portion and the squama of the temporal bone. ...

Facial: Nasion The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. ... The Zygomaticotemporal suture (or Temporozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone. ... The Zygomaticofrontal suture (or Frontozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the frontal bone. ... In human anatomy, a fontanelle (or fontanel) is one of two soft spots on a newborn humans skull. ... The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm. ... The posterior fontanelle (or occipital fontanelle) is triangular in form and is situated at the junction of the sagittal suture and lambdoidal suture. ... The following is a list of holes, or foramina, in the base of the skull and what goes through each of them. ... The lateral wall and the floor of the orbit are separated posteriorly by the inferior orbital fissure which transmits the maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, the infraorbital vessels, and the ascending branches from the sphenopalatine ganglion. ... The foramen lacerum (Latin for lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of the skull located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate. ... Behind the carotid canal is the jugular foramen, a large aperture, formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side, and may be subdivided into three compartments. ... The canal containing the nasolacrimal duct is called the nasolacrimal canal. ... The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and... The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow in the middle, and wide at the sides of the skull. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...   The cranial cavity isj the relatively large space formed inside the skull. ... For other uses, see Asterion (disambiguation) In human anatomy, the asterion is a visible, so-called craniometric, point on the exposed skull, just behind the ear, where three cranial sutures meet: the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid, and occipito-mastoid sutures. ... The point corresponding with the posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture is named the pterion; it is situated about 3 cm. ... The calvaria (or calva, or skullcap) is the roof of the skull. ... The point where the upper temporal line cuts the coronal suture is named the stephanion. ... The parietal bones are bones in the human skull and form, by their union, the sides and roof of the cranium. ... The nasion (nay-zhun) is the intersection of the frontal and two nasal bones of the human skull. ...

tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid) - spine of scapula - acromion - coracoid process The point of junction of the maxillary bone, lacrimal bone, and frontal bone is named the dacryon. ... The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch. ... The pterygomaxillary fissure is vertical, and descends at right angles from the medial end of the inferior orbital fissure; it is a triangular interval, formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ... The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. ... Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. ... At the posterior border of the scapula, near the point where the prismatic joins with the flattened portion, is a rough eminence, the conoid tubercle (or coracoid tuberosity); this, in the natural position of the bone, surmounts the coracoid process of the scapula, and gives attachment to the conoid ligament. ... From the coracoid tuberosity an oblique ridge, the trapezoid line (or trapezoid ridge, or oblique), runs forward and lateralward, and afford attachment to the trapezoid ligament. ... On the medial part of the clavicle is a broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity (impression for costoclavicular ligament), rather more than 2 cm. ... On the medial part of the clavicle is a broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity (rhomboid impression), rather more than 2 cm. ... Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... The supraspinatous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinous fossa) of the scapula, smaller than the infraspinatous fossa, is concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end; its medial two-thirds give origin to the Supraspinatus. ... The infraspinatous fossa (infraspinatus fossa, infraspinous fossa) of the scapula is much larger than the supraspinatous fossa; toward its vertebral margin a shallow concavity is seen at its upper part; its center presents a prominent convexity, while near the axillary border is a deep groove which runs from the upper... The suprascapular notch (or scapular notch) is a notch in the lateral part of the upper border of the scapula, just next to the base of the coracoid process. ... Glenoid fossa redirects here, for the other use of Glenoid fossa please see mandibular fossa. ... The infraglenoid tubercle is the part of the scapula to which the long head of the triceps brachii attaches. ... The supraglenoid tubercle is a region of the scapula to which the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attaches. ... The spine of the scapula is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the dorsal surface of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. ... The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula. ... In human beings, the coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that comes off the scapula to point forward. ...

body: radial sulcus - deltoid tuberosity Of the three borders of the scapula, the superior border (or superior margin) is the shortest and thinnest; it is concave, and extends from the medial angle to the base of the coracoid process. ... The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. ... The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. ... The superior angle of the scapula (or medial angle), formed by the junction of the superior and vertebral borders, is thin, smooth, rounded, inclined somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the Levator scapulae. ... The inferior angle of the scapula, thick and rough, is formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi. ... The lateral angle of the scapula (head of the scapula, acromial angle) is the thickest part of the bone. ... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ... The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles. ... The anatomical neck of the humerus is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body. ... The surgical neck of the humerus is a constriction below the tubercles of the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle. ... The greater tubercle is situated lateral to the head and lesser tubercle. ... The lesser tubercle, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medialward and forward. ... The tubercles of the humerus are separated from each other by a deep groove, the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove, sulcus intertubercular), which lodges the long tendon of the Biceps brachii and transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint. ... The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces. ... The center of the lateral border of the humerus is traversed by a broad but shallow oblique depression, the radial sulcus (musculospiral groove, radial groove, spiral groove). ... The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the the deltoid muscle attaches. ...

metacarpus: 1st metacarpal - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th The lower extremity of the humerus is flattened from before backward, and curved slightly forward; it ends below in a broad, articular surface, which is divided into two parts by a slight ridge. ... The lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus; it articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. ... The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. ... The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles. ... The medial epicondyle of the humerus, larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, is directed a little backward. ... The lower part of the lateral border of the body of the humerus forms a prominent, rough margin, a little curved from behind forward, the lateral supracondylar ridge (or line), which presents an anterior lip for the origin of the Brachioradialis above, and Extensor carpi radialis longus below, a posterior... The inferior third of the medial border of the humerus is raised into a slight ridge, the medial supracondylar ridge (or medial supracondylar line), which becomes very prominent below; it presents an anterior lip for the origins of the Brachialis and Pronator teres, a posterior lip for the medial head... Above the front part of the capitulum is a slight depression, the radial fossa, which receives the anterior border of the head of the radius, when the forearm is flexed. ... Above the front part of the trochlea is a small depression, the coronoid fossa, which receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the forearm. ... Above the back part of the trochlea of the humerus is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm. ... // The Human Forearm The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. ... The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the outside of your limb to your phlangx (lateral) of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. ... The upper extremity of the radius (or proximal extremity) presents a head, neck, and tuberosity. ... Beneath the neck of the radius, on the medial side, is an eminence, the radial tuberosity; its surface is divided into: a posterior, rough portion, for the insertion of the tendon of the biceps brachii. ... The body of the radius (or shaft of radius) is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. ... The lower extremity of the radius is large, of quadrilateral form, and provided with two articular surfaces - one below, for the carpus, and another at the medial side, for the ulna. ... The articular surface for the ulna is called the ulnar notch (sigmoid cavity) of the radius; it is narrow, concave, smooth, and articulates with the head of the ulna. ... The lateral surface of the radius is prolonged obliquely downward into a strong, conical projection, the styloid process, which gives attachment by its base to the tendon of the Brachioradialis, and by its apex to the radial collateral ligament of the wrist-joint. ... The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ... The upper extremity of the ulna (or proximal extremity) presents two curved processes, the olecranon and the coronoid process; and two concave, articular cavities, the semilunar and radial notches. ... At the junction of the antero-inferior surface of the coronoid process with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna (or ulnar tuberosity), which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is... ... The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. ... The radial notch of the ulna (lesser sigmoid cavity) is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius. ... The body of the ulna at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. ... The lower extremity of the ulna (or distal extremity) is small, and presents two eminences; the lateral and larger is a rounded, articular eminence, termed the head of the ulna; the medial, narrower and more projecting, is a non-articular eminence, the styloid process. ... The styloid process of the ulna projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist-joint. ... For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ... This article is about Carpal bones. ... The scaphoid bone (hand navicular) of the wrist is found on the thumb side of the hand, within the anatomical snuffbox. ... The lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. ... The triquetral bone (also called triquetral, os triquetrum, cuneiform bone, pyramidal bone, cubital bone, os pyramidale, os triangulare, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is a type of carpal bone. ... The left pisiform bone. ... The trapezium is a bone in the human hand. ... In human anatomy, the trapezoid bone (lesser multangular bone; os multangulum minus) is a bone in the hands. ... The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. ... The hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone) is a bone in the human hand that may be readily distinguished by its wedge-shaped form, and the hook-like process which projects from its volar surface. ... The volar surface of the hamate bone presents, at its lower and ulnar side, a curved, hook-like process, the hamulus, directed forward and lateralward. ... The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. ... The first metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the thumb) which connects to the thumb is shorter and stouter than the others, diverges to a greater degree from the carpus, and its volar surface is directed toward the palm. ... The second metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the index finger) is the longest, and its base the largest, after the first metacarpal. ... The third metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the middle finger) is a little smaller than the second. ... The fourth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the ring finger) is shorter and smaller than the third. ... The fifth metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the little finger) presents on its base one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the hamate, and one on its radial side, which articulates with the fourth metacarpal. ...

Obturator foramen - Greater sciatic foramen/Greater sciatic notch - Lesser sciatic foramen The Phalanges of the hand are fourteen in number, three for each finger, and two for the thumb. ... Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ... Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. ... Distal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrate skeletons. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ... The sternum (from Greek στέρνον, sternon, chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ... The suprasternal notch (fossa jugularis sternalis), also known as the jugular notch, is part of human anatomy. ... Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ... The sternal angle is the angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. ... The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end. ... The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum, where the following two parts of the sternum meet: body of the sternum xiphoid process It is in line with the T9 vertebrae. ... The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. ... The human rib cage. ... The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. ... The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. ... The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. ... The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. ... The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. ... Excluding the first seven ribs, the remaining five are false ribs. ... the four floating ribs Four of the ribs (two pairs) in the ribcage are said to be floating ribs because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. ... The external surface of the rib is convex, smooth, and marked, a little in front of the tubercle, by a prominent line, directed downward and laterally; this gives attachment to a tendon of the Iliocostalis, and is called the angle. ... On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminence—the tubercle It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. ... Between the ridge of the interal surface of the rib and the inferior border is a groove, the costal groove, for the intercostal vessels and intercostal nerve. ... The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2. ... The head of the rib is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. ... The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. ... The vertebral arch (or neural arch) is the posterior part of a vertebra. ... The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. ... The laminæ are two broad plates directed backward and medialward from the pedicles. ... The concavities above and below the pedicles are named the vertebral notches; and when the vertebrae are articulated, the notches of each contiguous pair of bones form the intervertebral foramina. ... In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. ... When the spinal vertebrae are articulated with each other the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk, and the vertebral foraminae constitute a canal for the protection of the medulla spinalis (spinal cord). ... The transverse processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. ... The articular processes of a vertebra, two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. The superior project upward, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward; the inferior project downward, and their surfaces look more or less forward. ... A zygapophysis is process which sticks out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull. ... In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the topmost (first) cervical vertebra of the spine. ... The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet... In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. ... The lateral masses are the most bulky and solid parts of the atlas, in order to support the weight of the head. ... In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis or epistropheus. ... The dens or odontoid process or odontoid peg of the axis exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the body. ... The most distinctive characteristic of the seventh cervical vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process, hence the name vertebra prominens. ... The anterior arch forms about one-fifth of the ring: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles. ... The posterior arch of a cervical vertebra forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. ... The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are each pierced by the foramen transversarium, which, in the upper six vertebræ, gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... The superior costal facet (or superior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the top of a vertebra. ... The inferior costal facet (or inferior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the bottom of a vertebra. ... The transverse costal facet (or transverse costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the transverse process of a vertebra. ... The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ... Of the tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the inferior is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process, and is called the accessory process. ... Of the three tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the superior one is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process, and is named the mammillary process. ... The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ... For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ... The pelvic surface of sacrum is concave from above downward, and slightly so from side to side. ... At the ends of the transverse ridges of the pelvic surface of the sacrum are seen the anterior sacral foramina (or pelvic sacral foramina), four in number on either side, somewhat rounded in form, diminishing in size from above downward, and directed lateralward and forward; they give exit to the... The dorsal surface of sacrum is convex and narrower than the pelvic. ... Lateral to the articular processes of the sacrum are the four posterior sacral foramina (or dorsal sacral foramina); they are smaller in size and less regular in form than the anterior, and transmit the posterior divisions of the sacral nerves. ... In the middle line of the dorsal surface of the sacrum, it displays a crest, the median sacral crest, surmounted by three or four tubercles, the rudimentary spinous processes of the upper three or four sacral vertebrae. ... On the lateral aspect of the sacral groove is a linear series of tubercles produced by the fusion of the articular processes which together form the indistinct medial sacral crest (intermediate sacral crest, sacral articular crest). ... On the lateral side of the posterior sacral foramina is a series of tubercles, which represent the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae, and form the lateral sacral crest. ... The lateral surface of sacrum is broad above, but narrowed into a thin edge below. ... On the lateral surface of sacrum there is a rough surface, the sacral tuberosity, on which are three deep and uneven impressions, for the attachment of the posterior sacroiliac ligament. ... The base of the sacrum, which is broad and expanded, is directed upward and forward. ... The laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra, and sometimes those of the fourth, fail to meet behind, and thus a sacral hiatus or deficiency occurs in the posterior wall of the sacral canal. ... In human anatomy, the presacral space is behind the rectum and in front of the coccyx. ... The Sacral promontory is the anatomical term for the anteriormost portion of the sacrum. ... The vertebral canal (sacral canal) runs throughout the greater part of the sacral bone; above, it is triangular in form; below, its posterior wall is incomplete, from the non-development of the laminæ and spinous processes. ... On either side of the body of the base of the sacrum is a large triangular surface, which supports the Psoas major and the lumbosacral trunk, and in the articulated pelvis is continuous with the iliac fossa. ... The sacrum is curved upon itself and placed very obliquely, its base projecting forward and forming the prominent sacrovertebral angle when articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ... The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous, and strongest bone of the mammalian bodies. ... The femur head which is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. ... The femur neck is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the head with the body, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. ... Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ... The medial surface of the Upper extremity of femur, of much less extent than the lateral, presents at its base a deep depression, the trochanteric fossa (digital fossa), for the insertion of the tendon of the Obturator externus, and above and in front of this an impression for the insertion... The Lesser Trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects; it projects from the lower and back part of the base of the neck. ... Running obliquely downward and medialward from the tubercle of the femur is the intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur); it winds around the medial side of the body of the bone, below the lesser trochanter, and ends about 5 cm. ... Running obliquely downward and medialward from the summit of the greater trochanter on the posterior surface of the neck is a prominent ridge, the intertrochanteric crest. ... The body of the femur (or shaft), almost cylindrical in form, is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. ... The linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermusclular septa. ... The linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermusclular septa. ... The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed. ... On the posterior surface of the femur, the intermediate ridge or pectineal line is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the pectineus muscle. ... The lower extremity of the femur (or distal extremity), larger than the upper extremity of femur, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior; it consists of two oblong eminences known as the condyles. ... The medial lip of the linea aspera ends below at the summit of the medial condyle, in a small tubercle, the adductor tubercle, which affords insertion to the tendon of the Adductor magnus. ... The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. ... The medial epicondyle of the femur is a large convex eminence to which the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint is attached. ... The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. ... The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. ... The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior, and posterior surfaces of the condyles. ... This article is about the vertebrate bone. ... The upper extremity of the tibia (or proximal extremity) is large, and expanded into two eminences, the medial condyle and lateral condyle. ... Posteriorly, the medial condyle and lateral condyle are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the posterior intercondyloid fossa (or intercondylar area), which gives attachment to part of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint. ... The anterior intercondyloid fossa (or intercondylar area) is the location where the anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia. ... The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. ... The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. ... The body of the tibia has three borders and three surfaces. ... Narrow below where the anterior surfaces of the condyles of the tibia end in a large oblong elevation, the tuberosity of the tibia, which gives attachment to the ligamentum patellae. ... The posterior surface of the tibia presents, at its upper part, a prominent ridge, the soleal line (popliteal line in older texts), which extends obliquely downward from the back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the medial border, at the junction of its upper and middle thirds. ... The lower extremity of the tibia, much smaller than the upper extremity of tibia, presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong process, the medial malleolus. ... We dont have an article called Medial malleolus Start this article Search for Medial malleolus in. ... For other uses see fibula (disambiguation) The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. ... The upper extremity or head of the fibula is of an irregular quadrate form, presenting above a flattened articular surface, directed upward, forward, and medialward, for articulation with a corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the tibia. ... The body of fibula presents four borders - the antero-lateral, the antero-medial, the postero-lateral, and the postero-medial; and four surfaces - anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral. ... The lower extremity (distal extremity; external malleolus) of the fibula is of a pyramidal form, and somewhat flattened from side to side; it descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus. ... FIG. 268– Bones of the right foot. ... The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot. ... At the upper and forepart of the medial surface of the calcaneus is a horizontal eminence, the sustentaculum tali, which gives attachment to a slip of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior. ... The two oblique grooves of the lateral surface of the calcaneus are separated by an elevated ridge, or tubercle, the trochlear process (peroneal tubercle, or fibular trochlea of calcaneus), which varies much in size in different bones. ... FIG. 270– Left talus, from above. ... The navicular bone occurs in human and horse anatomy. ... The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. ... The metatarsus consists of the five long bones of the foot, which are numbered from the medial side (ossa metatarsalia I.-V.); each presents for examination a body and two extremities. ... The first metatarsal bone is remarkable for its great thickness, and is the shortest of the metatarsal bones. ... The second metatarsal bone is the longest of the metatarsal bones, being prolonged backward into the recess formed by the three cuneiform bones. ... The third metatarsal bone articulates proximally, by means of a triangular smooth surface, with the third cuneiform; medially, by two facets, with the second metatarsal; and laterally, by a single facet, with the fourth metatarsal. ... The fourth metatarsal bone is smaller in size than the third; its base presents an oblique quadrilateral surface for articulation with the cuboid; a smooth facet on the medial side, divided by a ridge into an anterior portion for articulation with the third metatarsal, and a posterior portion for articulation... The fifth metatarsal bone is recognized by a rough eminence, the tuberosity, on the lateral side of its base. ... For other uses, see Patella (disambiguation). ... The phalanges of the foot correspond, in number and general arrangement, with those of the hand; there are two in the great toe, and three in each of the other toes. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... The pelvis (pl. ... The Pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis and which primarily contains reproductive organs. ... For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ... The coccyx is formed of up to five vertebrae. ... The hip bone (or innominate bone) is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. ... The ilium of the pelvis is divisible into two parts, the body and the ala; the separation is indicated on the internal surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum. ... For other arcuate lines, see arcuate line. ... The wing of ilium (or ala) is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. ... The posterior gluteal line (superior curved line), the shortest of the three gluteal lines, begins at the crest, about 5 cm. ... The anterior gluteal line (middle curved line), the longest of the three gluteal lines, begins at the crest, about 4 cm. ... The inferior gluteal line (inferior curved line), the least distinct of the three gluteal lines, begins in front at the notch on the anterior border, and, curving backward and downward, ends near the middle of the greater sciatic notch. ... The internal surface of the ala is bounded above by the crest, below, by the arcuate line; in front and behind, by the anterior and posterior borders. ... The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is an important landmark of surface anatomy. ... Below the Sartorius notch of the anterior border of the ala of the ilium is the anterior inferior iliac spine, which ends in the upper lip of the acetabulum; it gives attachment to the straight tendon of the Rectus femoris and to the iliofemoral ligament of the hip-joint. ... The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. ... The posterior border of the ala, shorter than the anterior, also presents two projections separated by a notch, the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine. ... Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ... Behind the iliac fossa is a rough surface, divided into two portions, an anterior and a posterior. ... Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ... The body of the ischium enters into and constitutes a little more than two-fifths of the acetabulum. ... From the posterior border of the body of the Ischium there extends backward a thin and pointed triangular eminence, the ischial spine, more or less elongated in different subjects. ... Below the ischial spine is a smaller notch, the lesser sciatic notch; it is smooth, coated in the recent state with cartilage, the surface of which presents two or three ridges corresponding to the subdivisions of the tendon of the Obturator internus, which winds over it. ... The superior ramus of the ischium (descending ramus) projects downward and backward from the body and presents for examination three surfaces: external, internal, and posterior. ... Posteriorly the Superior ramus of the ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, which is divided into two portions: a lower, rough, somewhat triangular part, and an upper, smooth, quadrilateral portion. ... The Inferior Ramus of the ischium (ascending ramus) is the thin, flattened part of the ischium, which ascends from the superior ramus, and joins the inferior ramus of the pubis—the junction being indicated in the adult by a raised line. ... The pubis, the anterior part of the hip bone, is divisible into a body, a superior and an inferior ramus. ... The superior pubic ramus extends from the body to the median plane where it articulates with its fellow of the opposite side. ... The upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis presents a prominent tubercle, the pubic tubercle (pubic spine), which projects forward. ... Medial to the pubic tubercle is the pubic crest, which extends from this process to the medial end of the bone. ... The lateral portion of superior ramus of the ischium presents a sharp margin, the obturator crest, which forms part of the circumference of the obturator foramen and affords attachment to the obturator membrane. ... The inferior pubic ramus is thin and flattened. ... The pecten pubis or pectinate line of the pubis is a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone. ... This article is about anatomical region. ... The acetabulum presents below a deep notch, the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular non-articular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity: this depression is perforated by numerous apertures, and lodges a mass of fat. ... The ischiopubic ramus is a compound structure consisting of the following two structures: from the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus from the ischium, the inferior ramus of the ischium It serves as part of the origin for the Obturator internus muscle. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The obturator foramen is the hole created by the ischium, ilium, and pubic bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass. ... The greater sciatic foramen is bounded, in front and above, by the posterior border of the hip bone; behind, by the sacrotuberous ligament; and below, by the sacrospinous ligament. ... The greater sciatic foramen is bounded, in front and above, by the posterior border of the hip bone; behind, by the sacrotuberous ligament; and below, by the sacrospinous ligament. ... An opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh, the foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity. ...

acromioclavicular: acromioclavicular - coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid) - coracoacromial - superior transverse scapular - inferior transverse of scapula The lesser pelvis (or true pelvis) is that part of the pelvic cavity which is situated below and behind the pelvic brim. ... The lesser pelvis (or true pelvis) is that part of the pelvic cavity which is situated below and behind the pelvic brim. ... The pelvis is divided by an oblique plane passing through the prominence of the sacrum, the arcuate and pectineal lines, and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis, into the greater pelvis and the lesser pelvis. ... The lower circumference of the lesser pelvis is very irregular; the space enclosed by it is named the inferior aperture or outlet (apertura pelvis [minoris] inferior), and is bounded behind by the point of the coccyx, and laterally by the ischial tuberosities. ... The greater pelvis (or false pelvis) is the expanded portion of the cavity situated above and in front of the pelvic brim. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ... The sternum (from Greek στέρνον, sternon, chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ... The suprasternal notch (fossa jugularis sternalis), also known as the jugular notch, is part of human anatomy. ... Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). ... The sternal angle is the angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. ... The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end. ... The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum, where the following two parts of the sternum meet: body of the sternum xiphoid process It is in line with the T9 vertebrae. ... The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. ... The human rib cage. ... The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. ... The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. ... The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. ... The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. ... The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. ... Excluding the first seven ribs, the remaining five are false ribs. ... the four floating ribs Four of the ribs (two pairs) in the ribcage are said to be floating ribs because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. ... The external surface of the rib is convex, smooth, and marked, a little in front of the tubercle, by a prominent line, directed downward and laterally; this gives attachment to a tendon of the Iliocostalis, and is called the angle. ... On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminence—the tubercle It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. ... Between the ridge of the interal surface of the rib and the inferior border is a groove, the costal groove, for the intercostal vessels and intercostal nerve. ... The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2. ... The head of the rib is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. ... The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. ... The vertebral arch (or neural arch) is the posterior part of a vertebra. ... The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. ... The laminæ are two broad plates directed backward and medialward from the pedicles. ... The concavities above and below the pedicles are named the vertebral notches; and when the vertebrae are articulated, the notches of each contiguous pair of bones form the intervertebral foramina. ... In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. ... When the spinal vertebrae are articulated with each other the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk, and the vertebral foraminae constitute a canal for the protection of the medulla spinalis (spinal cord). ... The transverse processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. ... The articular processes of a vertebra, two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ. The superior project upward, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward; the inferior project downward, and their surfaces look more or less forward. ... A zygapophysis is process which sticks out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull. ... In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the topmost (first) cervical vertebra of the spine. ... The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet... In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. ... The lateral masses are the most bulky and solid parts of the atlas, in order to support the weight of the head. ... In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis or epistropheus. ... The dens or odontoid process or odontoid peg of the axis exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the body. ... The most distinctive characteristic of the seventh cervical vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process, hence the name vertebra prominens. ... The anterior arch forms about one-fifth of the ring: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles. ... The posterior arch of a cervical vertebra forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores. ... The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are each pierced by the foramen transversarium, which, in the upper six vertebræ, gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a plexus of sympathetic nerves. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ... The superior costal facet (or superior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the top of a vertebra. ... The inferior costal facet (or inferior costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the bottom of a vertebra. ... The transverse costal facet (or transverse costal fovea) is a site where a rib forms a joint with the transverse process of a vertebra. ... The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ... Of the tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the inferior is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process, and is called the accessory process. ... Of the three tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the superior one is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process, and is named the mammillary process. ... The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ... For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ... The pelvic surface of sacrum is concave from above downward, and slightly so from side to side. ... At the ends of the transverse ridges of the pelvic surface of the sacrum are seen the anterior sacral foramina (or pelvic sacral foramina), four in number on either side, somewhat rounded in form, diminishing in size from above downward, and directed lateralward and forward; they give exit to the... The dorsal surface of sacrum is convex and narrower than the pelvic. ... Lateral to the articular processes of the sacrum are the four posterior sacral foramina (or dorsal sacral foramina); they are smaller in size and less regular in form than the anterior, and transmit the posterior divisions of the sacral nerves. ... In the middle line of the dorsal surface of the sacrum, it displays a crest, the median sacral crest, surmounted by three or four tubercles, the rudimentary spinous processes of the upper three or four sacral vertebrae. ... On the lateral aspect of the sacral groove is a linear series of tubercles produced by the fusion of the articular processes which together form the indistinct medial sacral crest (intermediate sacral crest, sacral articular crest). ... On the lateral side of the posterior sacral foramina is a series of tubercles, which represent the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae, and form the lateral sacral crest. ... The lateral surface of sacrum is broad above, but narrowed into a thin edge below. ... On the lateral surface of sacrum there is a rough surface, the sacral tuberosity, on which are three deep and uneven impressions, for the attachment of the posterior sacroiliac ligament. ... The base of the sacrum, which is broad and expanded, is directed upward and forward. ... The laminae of the fifth sacral vertebra, and sometimes those of the fourth, fail to meet behind, and thus a sacral hiatus or deficiency occurs in the posterior wall of the sacral canal. ... In human anatomy, the presacral space is behind the rectum and in front of the coccyx. ... The Sacral promontory is the anatomical term for the anteriormost portion of the sacrum. ... The vertebral canal (sacral canal) runs throughout the greater part of the sacral bone; above, it is triangular in form; below, its posterior wall is incomplete, from the non-development of the laminæ and spinous processes. ... On either side of the body of the base of the sacrum is a large triangular surface, which supports the Psoas major and the lumbosacral trunk, and in the articulated pelvis is continuous with the iliac fossa. ... The sacrum is curved upon itself and placed very obliquely, its base projecting forward and forming the prominent sacrovertebral angle when articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. ... For other uses, see Nerve (disambiguation). ... The term spinal nerve generally refers to the mixed spinal nerve, which is formed from the dorsal and ventral roots that come out of the spinal cord. ... The Cervical Nerves—The posterior division of the first cervical or suboccipital nerve is larger than the anterior division, and emerges above the posterior arch of the atlas and beneath the vertebral artery. ... The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. ... The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral roots of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment near the neck. ... The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. ... The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. ... The posterior branches of cervical nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the cervical nerves. ... The first spinal nerve, the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. ... The greater occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the lesser occipital nerve. ... While under the Trapezius, the medial branch of the posterior division of the third cervical nerve gives off a branch called the third occipital nerve, which pierces the Trapezius and ends in the skin of the lower part of the back of the head. ... The Thoracic Nerves—The medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch) of the posterior divisions of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the Semispinalis dorsi and Multifidus, which they supply; they then pierce the Rhomboidei and Trapezius, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. ... The thoracic spinal nerves T3 through T12. ... The lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve does not divide, like the others, into an anterior and a posterior branch; it is named the intercostobrachial nerve. ... The anterior divisions of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thoracic intercostal nerves are continued anteriorly from the intercostal spaces into the abdominal wall; hence they are named thoraco-abdominal nerves (or thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves). ... The anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve (subcostal nerve) is larger than the others; it runs along the lower border of the twelfth rib, often gives a communicating branch to the first lumbar nerve, and passes under the lateral lumbocostal arch. ... The posterior branches of thoracic nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves. ... The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Grays Fig. ... The lumbar plexus is formed by the loops of communication between the anterior divisions of the first three and the greater part of the fourth lumbar nerves; the first lumbar often receives a branch from the last thoracic nerve. ... The lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus. ... The posterior branches of the lumbar nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves. ... The superior clunial nerves innervate the skin of the upper part of the buttocks. ... The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. ... In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ... The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves are small, and diminish in size from above downward; they emerge, except the last, through the posterior sacral foramina. ... The medial clunial nerves innervate the skin of the buttocks closest to the midline of the body. ... The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone. ... The coccygeal plexus is a plexus of nerves near the coccyx bone. ... The posterior division of the coccygeal nerve does not divide into a medial and a lateral branch, but receives a communicating branch from the last sacral; it is distributed to the skin over the back of the coccyx. ... For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ... In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ... An MRI scan of the head. ... The Atlanto-axial joint (articulation of the atlas with the axis) is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. ... The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is a strong membrane, fixed, above, to the lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas; below, to the front of the body of the axis. ... The posterior atlantoaxial ligament is a broad, thin membrane attached, above, to the lower border of the posterior arch of the atlas; below, to the upper edges of the laminæ of the axis. ... The cruciform ligament of atlas (or cruciate ligament) is a ligament of the atlanto-axial joint. ... The transverse ligament of the atlas is a thick, strong band, which arches across the ring of the atlas, and retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch. ... The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. ... The anterior atlantoöccipital membrane (anterior atlantoöccipital ligament) is broad and composed of densely woven fibers, which pass between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum above, and the upper border of the anterior arch of the atlas below. ... The posterior atlantoöccipital membrane (posterior atlantoöccipital ligament), broad but thin, is connected above, to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum; below, to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas. ... The Membrana Tectoria (occipitoaxial ligament) is situated within the vertebral canal. ... The alar ligaments connect the sides of the dens (on the axis, or the second cervical vertebra) to tubercles on the medial side of the occipital condyle. ... In the triangular interval between the alar ligaments is another fibrous cord, the ligament of apex dentis (or apical odontoid ligament), which extends from the tip of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, being intimately blended with the deep portion of the anterior atlantoöccipital... The temporomandibular joint (From the Latin for too much jaw) is a diarthrodial joint that connects the condyle of the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone at the side of a skull. ... The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible. ... The articular disk is a thin, oval plate, placed between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa. ... The temporomandibular ligament (external lateral ligament) consists of two short, narrow fasciculi, one in front of the other, attached, above, to the lateral surface of the zygomatic arch and to the tubercle on its lower border; below, to the lateral surface and posterior border of the neck of the mandible. ... The sphenomandibular ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a flat, thin band which is attached above to the spina angularis of the sphenoid bone, and, becoming broader as it descends, is fixed to the lingula of the mandibular foramen. ... The stylomandibular ligament is a specialized band of the cervical fascia, which extends from near the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible, between the Masseter and Pterygoideus internus. ... For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ... In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ... In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ... This article is about the body part. ... The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint. ... The anterior sternoclavicular ligament is a broad band of fibers, covering the anterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and front part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is attached below to the front of the upper part... The posterior sternoclavicular ligament is a similar band of fibers, covering the posterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and back part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is fixed below to the back of the upper part... The interclavicular ligament is a flattened band, which varies considerably in form and size in different individuals, it passes in a curved direction from the upper part of the sternal end of one clavicle to that of the other, and is also attached to the upper margin of the sternum. ... The costoclavicular ligament (rhomboid ligament) is short, flat, strong, and rhomboid in form. ... The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder. ... The Acromioclavicular ligament is part of the acromioclavicular joint. ... The Coracoclavicular Ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula. ... The trapezoid ligament, the anterior and lateral fasciculus, is broad, thin, and quadrilateral: it is placed obliquely between the coracoid process and the clavicle. ... The Conoid Ligament, the posterior and medial fasciculus, is a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. ... The Coracoacromial Ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion. ... The superior transverse ligament (transverse or suprascapular ligament) converts the scapular notch into a foramen. ... The Inferior Transverse Ligament (spinoglenoid ligament) is a weak membranous band, situated behind the neck of the scapula and stretching from the lateral border of the spine to the margin of the glenoid cavity. ...

humeroulnar: ulnar collateral The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). ... The coracohumeral ligament is a broad ligament which strengthens the upper part of the capsule of the shoulder joint. ... In addition to the coracohumeral ligament, three supplemental bands, which are named the glenohumeral ligaments, strengthen the capsule. ... The transverse humeral ligament is a broad band passing from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus, and always limited to that portion of the bone which lies above the epiphysial line. ... The Acetabular labrum is also known as the glenoidal labrum of the hip joint in older texts. ... This article is about the joint in the arm. ... The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is an arthrodial joint. ... The radial collateral ligament (external lateral ligament) is a short and narrow fibrous band, less distinct than the ulnar collateral, attached, above, to a depression below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; below, to the annular ligament, some of its most posterior fibers passing over that ligament, to be inserted... The humeroulnar joint, the portion of the joint between the ulna and humerus, is a simple hinge-joint, and allows of movements of flexion and extension only. ... The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a thick triangular band consisting of two portions, an anterior and posterior united by a thinner intermediate portion. ...

carpometacarpal: dorsal carpometacarpal - palmar carpometacarpal (pisometacarpal) The proximal radioulnar articulation (superior radioulnar joint) is a trochoid or pivot-joint between the circumference of the head of the radius and the ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament. ... The Annular Ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius, and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna. ... The oblique cord (oblique ligament) is a small, flattened band, extending downward and lateralward, from the lateral side of the tubercle of the ulna at the base of the coronoid process to the radius a little below the radial tuberosity. ... // The Human Forearm The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. ... The Distal Radioulnar Articulation (inferior radioulnar joint) is a pivot-joint formed between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the lower end of the radius. ... The volar radioulnar ligament (anterior radioulnar ligament) is a narrow band of fibers extending from the anterior margin of the ulnar notch of the radius to the front of the head of the ulna. ... The dorsal radioulnar ligament (posterior radioulnar ligament) extends between corresponding surfaces on the dorsal aspect of the distal radioulnar articulation. ... For the municipality in Germany, see Wrist, Germany. ... The palmar radiocarpal ligament (anterior ligament, volar radiocarpal ligament)) is a broad membranous band, attached above to the anterior margin of the lower end of the radius, to its styloid process, and to the front of the lower end of the ulna; its fibers pass downward and medialward to be... The dorsal radiocarpal ligament (posterior ligament) less thick and strong than the volar, is attached, above, to the posterior border of the lower end of the radius; its fibers are directed obliquely downward and medialward, and are fixed, below, to the dorsal surfaces of the navicular, lunate, and triangular, being... The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament, ulnar carpal collateral ligament) is a rounded cord, attached above to the end of the styloid process of the ulna, and dividing below into two fasciculi, one of which is attached to the medial side of the triangular bone, the other to the... The radial collateral carpal ligament attaches to the styloid process of the radius and the radial side of the scaphoid bone. ... For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ... Intercarpal Articulations (Articulations of the Carpus) - These articulations may be subdivided into three sets: 1. ... Intercarpal Articulations (Articulations of the Carpus) - These articulations may be subdivided into three sets: 1. ... The pisohamate ligament is the volar ligament that connects the pisiform to the hamate. ... The carpometacarpal joint refers to the articulations between the carpal bones and the metacarpals. ... The dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, the strongest and most distinct carpometacarpal ligaments, connect the carpal and metacarpal bones on their dorsal surfaces. ... The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments (or volar) have a somewhat similar arrangement to the dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, with the exception of those of the third metacarpal, which are three in number: a lateral one from the greater multangular, situated superficial to the sheath of the tendon of the Flexor carpi radialis... The pisometacarpal ligament joins the pisiform to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. ...

intermetacarpal: deep transverse metacarpal - superficial transverse metacarpal Intermetacarpal Articulations - The bases of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones articulate with one another by small surfaces covered with cartilage, and are connected together by dorsal, volar, and interosseous ligaments. ... The deep transverse metacarpal ligament is a narrow fibrous band which runs across the palmar surfaces of the heads of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, connecting them together. ... The superficial transverse metacarpal ligament is a ligament of the intermetacarpal articulations joint which runs beneath the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. ...

metacarpophalangeal: palmar - collateral The Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP): The Metacarpophalangeal Articulations are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of...

articulations of vertebral arches : ligamenta flava - supraspinous ligament (nuchal ligament) - interspinal ligament - intertransverse ligament The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. ... For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ... In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ... The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ... The vertebral column seen from the side Different regions (curvatures) of the vertebral column The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. ... The anterior longitudinal ligament runs down the anterior surface of the spine. ... The posterior longitudinal ligament is situated within the vertebral canal, and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebræ, from the body of the axis, where it is continuous with the membrana tectoria, to the sacrum. ... Intervertebral discs lie in between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. ... Each intervertebral fibrocartilage is composed, at its circumference, of laminæ of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage, forming the annulus fibrosus. ... Nucleus pulposus is the jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc. ... The ligamenta flava connect the laminæ of adjacent vertebræ, from the axis to the first segment of the sacrum. ... The supraspinal ligament (supraspinous ligament) is a strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum; at the points of attachment to the tips of the spinous processes fibrocartilage is developed in the ligament. ... The Nuchal ligament is a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the lower vertebræ. It extends from the external occipital protuberance and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. ... The interspinal ligaments (interspinous ligaments), thin and membranous, connect adjoining spinous processes and extend from the root to the apex of each process. ... The intertransverse ligaments are ligaments that are placed between the transverse processes. ...

sacroiliac: anterior sacroiliac ligament - posterior sacroiliac ligament - interosseous sacroiliac ligament A zygapophysial joint (zygapophyseal, or facet joint) is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one (lower) vertebra and the inferior articular process of the adjacent (higher) vertebra. ... Costovertebral articulations -- The articulations of the ribs with the vertebral column may be divided into two sets: Articulation of head of rib -- connecting the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the vertebrae. ... The Articulations of the Heads of the Ribs (costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebræ and with the intervertebral fibrocartilages... The radiate ligament connects the anterior part of the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebræ, and the intervertebral fibrocartilage between them. ... The interarticular ligament of the head of the rib is situated in the interior of the articulation of head of rib. ... Costotransverse Articulations. ... The sternocostal articulations (costosternal articulations, articulations of the cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum) are arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation. ... The Interarticular sternocostal ligament is a horizontal fibrocartilaginous plate in the center of the second sternocostal joint. ... The Radiate sternocostal ligaments are fibrous bands that cross from the sternal end of the costal cartilage to the ventral part of the sternum. ... The Costoxiphoid Ligaments (chondroxiphoid ligaments) connect the anterior and posterior surfaces of the seventh costal cartilage, and sometimes those of the sixth, to the front and back of the xiphoid process. ... Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). ... Costochondral Articulations. ... The pelvis (pl. ... The iliolumbar ligament is attached above to the lower and front part of the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra. ... The sacroiliac joint is the joint between the sacrum, at the base of the spine, and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by ligaments. ... The anterior sacroiliac ligament consists of numerous thin bands, which connect the anterior surface of the lateral part of the sacrum to the margin of the auricular surface of the ilium and to the preauricular sulcus. ... The posterior sacroiliac ligament is situated in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium behind; it is strong and forms the chief bond of union between the bones. ... The Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament lies deep to the posterior ligament, and consists of a series of short, strong fibers connecting the tubeosities of the sacrum and ilium. ...

ligaments connecting the sacrum and ischium: sacrotuberous ligament - sacrospinous ligament The Sacrotuberous Ligament (great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. ... The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is thin, and triangular in form; it is attached by its apex to the spine of the ischium, and medially, by its broad base, to the lateral margins of the sacrum and coccyx, in front of the sacrotuberous ligament with which its...

sacrococcygeal symphysis: anterior sacrococcygeal ligament - posterior sacrococcygeal ligament The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. ... The Anterior Sacrococcygeal Ligament consists of a few irregular fibers, which descend from the anterior surface of the sacrum to the front of the coccyx, blending with the periosteum. ... The posterior sacrococcygeal ligament is a flat band, which arises from the margin of the lower orifice of the sacral canal, and descends to be inserted into the posterior surface of the coccyx. ...

Cuboideonavicular: plantar - dorsal The pubic symphysis is the midline cartilaginous joint uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones (pubis). ... The superior pubic ligament connects together the two pubic bones superiorly, extending laterally as far as the pubic tubercles. ... The inferior pubic ligament (arcuate pubic ligament or subpubic ligament) is a thick, triangular arch of ligamentous fibers, connecting together the two pubic bones below, and forming the upper boundary of the pubic arch. ... For other uses, see Joint (disambiguation). ... In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ... In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ... In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur which is known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ... The iliofemoral ligament (Y-ligament; ligament of Bigelow) is a band of great strength which lies in front of the hip joint; it is intimately connected with the joint capsule, and serves to strengthen the joint by resisting hyperextension. ... The pubocapsular ligament (pubofemoral ligament) is a ligament on the inferior side of the of the hip joint. ... The ischiocapsular ligament (ischiofemoral ligament, ischiocapsular band; ligament of Bertin) consists of a triangular band of strong fibers on the posterior side of the hip joint. ... The ligament of the head of the femur is a triangular, somewhat flattened band implanted by its apex into the antero-superior part of the fovea capitis femoris; its base is attached by two bands, one into either side of the acetabular notch, and between these bony attachments it blends... The Transverse Acetabular Ligament (transverse ligament) is in reality a portion of the acetabular labrum, though differing from it in having no cartilage cells among its fibers. ... For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ... The Patellar ligament (anterior ligament) is the central portion of the common tendon of the Quadriceps femoris, which is continued from the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia. ... The oblique popliteal ligament (posterior ligament) is a broad, flat, fibrous band, formed of fasciculi separated from one another by apertures for the passage of vessels and nerves. ... The arcuate popliteal ligament is an extracapsular ligament of the knee. ... Diagram of the knee The medial collateral ligament (or MCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. ... The Fibular Collateral Ligament (external lateral or long external lateral ligament) is a strong, rounded, fibrous cord, attached, above, to the back part of the lateral condyle of the femur, immediately above the groove for the tendon of the Popliteus; below, to the lateral side of the head of the... The anterior cruciate ligament (or ACL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. ... Diagram of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament (or PCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. ... In anatomy, a meniscus is either of two specific parts of cartilage of the knee. ... The medial meniscus (internal semilunar fibrocartilage) is nearly semicircular in form, a little elongated from before backward, and broader behind than in front; its anterior end, thin and pointed, is attached to the anterior intercondyloid fossa of the tibia, in front of the anterior cruciate ligament; its posterior end is... The lateral meniscus (external semilunar fibrocartilage) is nearly circular and covers a larger portion of the articular surface than the medial meniscus. ... The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. ... The anterior ligament of the head of the fibula (anterior superior ligament) consists of two or three broad and flat bands, which pass obliquely upward from the front of the head of the fibula to the front of the lateral condyle of the tibia. ... The posterior ligament of the head of the fibula is a part of the knee. ... The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. ... The anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus (anterior tibiofibular ligament, anterior inferior ligament) is a flat, triangular band of fibers, broader below than above, which extends obliquely downward and lateralward between the adjacent margins of the tibia and fibula, on the front aspect of the syndesmosis. ... The posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus (posterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior inferior ligament). ... For a review of anatomical terms, see Anatomical position and Anatomical terms of location. ... The medial ligament of talocrural joint (or deltoid ligament) is a strong, flat, triangular band, attached, above, to the apex and anterior and posterior borders of the medial malleolus. ... The anterior talofibular ligament passes from the anterior margin of the fibular malleolus, forward and medially, to the talus, in front of its lateral articular facet. ... The posterior talofibular ligament, runs almost horizontally from the depression at the medial and back part of the fibular malleolus to a prominent tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus immediately lateral to the groove for the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus. ... The calcaneofibular ligament is a narrow, rounded cord, running from the apex of the fibular malleolus downward and slightly backward to a tubercle on the lateral surface of the calcaneus. ... For a review of anatomical terms, see Anatomical position and Anatomical terms of location. ... The anterior talocalcaneal ligament (anterior calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) extends from the front and lateral surface of the neck of the talus to the superior surface of the calcaneus. ... The posterior talocalcaneal ligament (posterior calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) connects the lateral tubercle of the talus with the upper and medial part of the calcaneus; it is a short band, and its fibers radiate from their narrow attachment to the talus. ... The lateral talocalcaneal ligament (external calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) is a short, strong fasciculus, passing from the lateral surface of the talus, immediately beneath its fibular facet to the lateral surface of the calcaneus. ... The medial talocalcaneal ligament (internal calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) connects the medial tubercle of the back of the talus with the back of the sustentaculum tali. ... The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the bones. ... The transverse tarsal joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid, and the articulation of the talus with the navicular. ... The Talocalcaneonavicular Articulation is an arthrodial joint: the rounded head of the talus being received into the concavity formed by the posterior surface of the navicular, the anterior articular surface of the calcaneus, and the upper surface of the planter calcaneonavicular ligament. ... The dorsal talonavicular ligament is a broad, thin band, which connects the neck of the talus to the dorsal surface of the navicular bone; it is covered by the Extensor tendons. ... The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (also known as the spring ligament) is a ligament on the underside of the foot that connects the calcaneus with the navicular bone. ... The bifurcated ligament (internal calcaneocuboid, interosseous ligament, bifurcate ligament) is a strong band, attached behind to the deep hollow on the upper surface of the calcaneus and dividing in front in a Y-shaped manner into a calcaneocuboid and a calcaneonavicular part. ... Calcaneocuboid Articulation (articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid). ... The dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament (superior calcaneocuboid ligament) is a thin but broad fasciculus, which passes between the contiguous surfaces of the calcaneus and cuboid, on the dorsal surface of the joint. ... The long plantar ligament (long calcaneocuboid ligament; superficial long plantar ligament) is a long ligament on the underside of the foot that connects the calcaneus with the cuboid bone. ... The plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short calcaneocuboid ligament; short plantar ligament) is a ligament on the bottom of the foot that connects the calcaneus to the cuboid bone. ... The bifurcated ligament (internal calcaneocuboid, interosseous ligament, bifurcate ligament) is a strong band, attached behind to the deep hollow on the upper surface of the calcaneus and dividing in front in a Y-shaped manner into a calcaneocuboid and a calcaneonavicular part. ... Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. ... Cuneonavicular Articulation (articulation of the navicular with the cuneiform bones). ... The Plantar cuneonavicular ligaments are fibrous bands that connect the plantar surface of the navicular bone to the adjacent plantar surfaces of the three cuneiform bones. ... Cuneonavicular Articulation (articulation of the navicular with the cuneiform bones). ...

Intermetatarsal/metatarsal: plantar - dorsal - interosseous - superficial transverse - deep transverse Tarsometatarsal Articulations - These are arthrodial joints. ... Intermetatarsal Articulations - The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb. ...

Metatarsophalangeal: plantar - collateral The metatarsophalangeal articulations are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metatarsal bones in shallow cavities on the ends of the first phalanges. ...

CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid - posterior belly of digastric The Depressor anguli oris is a muscle of the human body. ... The Depressor labii is part of a small quadrilateral muscle. ... The Mentalis is a muscle of the human body. ... For other uses, see Mouth (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Throat (disambiguation). ... The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth of twelve cranial nerves. ... The vagus nerve (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves, and is the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (within the medulla oblongata) and extends, through the jugular foramen, down below the head, to the abdomen. ... In anatomy, the accessory nerve is a nerve that controls specific muscles of the neck. ... The Tensor veli palatini muscle (or Tensor palati) is a muscle of the human body. ... The soft palate, or velum, is the soft tissue comprising the back of the roof of the mouth. ... The Tensor veli palatini muscle (or Tensor palati) is a muscle of the human body. ... The Levator veli palatini is a muscle of the human body. ... The Musculus uvulæ (Azygos uvulæ) arises from the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and from the palatine aponeurosis; it descends to be inserted into the uvula. ... The Palatopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Palatoglossus is a muscle of the human body. ... The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. ... The Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... Grays Fig. ... The Salpingopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and lengthening the vocal cords. ... The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles allow the rima glottidis to be opened; they therefore have the opposite effect to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. ... The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles allow the rima glottidis to be closed, protecting the airway; they therefore have the opposite effect to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ... The Arytænoideus is a single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. ... The Thyreoarytænoideus (Thyroarytenoid) is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. ... For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation). ... The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve (XII). ... The Genioglossus is a muscle of the human body. ... The Hyoglossus is a muscle of the human body. ... The Chondroglossus is sometimes described as a part of the Hyoglossus, but is separated from it by fibers of the Genioglossus, which pass to the side of the pharynx. ... The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. ... The Superior longitudinal muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Inferior longitudinal muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... This is a table of muscles of the human anatomy. ... An MRI scan of the head. ... For other uses, see Neck (disambiguation). ... In anatomy, cervical is an adjective that has two meanings: of or pertaining to the neck. ... The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. ... The platysma is a superficial muscle that stretches from the clavicle to the mandible overlapping the sternocleidomastoid. ... In anatomy, the accessory nerve is a nerve that controls specific muscles of the neck. ... In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid (pronounced ) muscles are muscles in the neck that act to flex and rotate the head. ... Muscles of the neck. ... The mandibular nerve is the third branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. ... The Mylohyoid muscle, flat and triangular, is situated immediately above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and forms, with its fellow of the opposite side, a muscular floor for the cavity of the mouth. ... The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. ... The Stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying in front of, and above the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. ... The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. ...

posterior wall: quadratus lumborum - psoas major/psoas minor - iliacus The Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle) is a narrow muscle, situated above the medial border of the Mylohyoideus. ... The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. ... The Thyrohyoid muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi in older literature) is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. ... The Sternohyoid muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Sternothyroid muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Rectus capitis lateralis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Longus capitis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. ... The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus) lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. ... The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three Scaleni, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ, and descending along the side of the vertebral column, is inserted by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between... The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of... This is a table of muscles of the human anatomy. ... The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ... Illustration of a human back from Grays Anatomy. ... The splenius muscles The splenius muscles are: Splenius capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Category: ... The Splenius capitis muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The xxxxx is a muscle of the human body. ... The Erector spinae (or Sacrospinalis in older texts), and its prolongations in the thoracic and cervical regions, lie in the groove on the side of the vertebral column. ... The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. ... The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. ... The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae located nearest to the spine. ... Latissimus dorsi is a large flat muscle located on the back. ... The transversospinales muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. ... The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. ... The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. ... The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, beneath the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. ... The multifidus (multifidus spinae) consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi, which fill up the groove on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum to the axis. ... Intertransversarii muscles The Intertransversarii are small muscles placed between the transverse processes of the vertebræ. In the cervical region they are best developed, consisting of rounded muscular and tendinous fasciculi, and are placed in pairs, passing between the anterior and the posterior tubercles respectively of the transverse processes of two... The first spinal nerve, the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. ... The Rectus capitis posterior major muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it... In anatomy, the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, the larger of the two oblique muscles, is one of the muscles of the neck. ... It arises from the lateral mass of the atlas bone. ... Male Chest The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. ... Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. ... The Intercostales externi (External intercostals) are eleven in number on either side. ... The Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals) are eleven in number on either side. ... The Innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscle beneath the intercostal nerves and internal intercostal muscles. ... The Subcostales muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The tranversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. ... The Serratus posterior inferior muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Serratus posterior superior muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... In the anatomy of mammals, the diaphragm is a shelf of muscle extending across the bottom of the ribcage. ... The human abdomen (from the Latin word meaning belly) is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. ... The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial (outermost) of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen. ... The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle. ... The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. ... The rectus abdominis muscle (commonly known as abs) is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). ... The pyramidalis is a muscle that is considered insignificant in humans. ... The Quadratus lumborum muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The psoas minor is a long, slender muscle that is placed (when present) in front of the psoas major muscle. ... The Iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. ...

superficial perineal pouch (superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus) The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis. ... The pelvis (pl. ... The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. ... The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. ... The Iliococcygeus arises from the ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia, and is attached to the coccyx and anococcygeal raphé; it is usually thin, and may fail entirely, or be largely replaced by fibrous tissue. ... The pubococcygeus muscle or PC muscle is a hammock-like muscle, found in both sexes, that stretches from the pubic bone to the coccyx (tail bone) forming the floor of the pelvic cavity and supporting the pelvic organs. ... The fibers which form a sling for the rectum are named the Puborectalis or Sphincter recti. ... The Coccygeus is situated behind the levator ani. ... In human anatomy, the perineum, also called the taint, or gooch, is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx. ... The anal triangle is the posterior part of the perineum. ... The Sphincter ani externus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The Sphincter ani internus muscle is a muscle of the human body. ... The superficial perineal pouch (also superficial perineal compartment/space/sac) is a compartment of the perineum. ... Bulbospongiosus is one of the superficial muscles of the perineum. ... The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. ...