| Magyar Köztársaság Republic of Hungary | | | Motto: none
Historically Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae (Latin)
| Anthem: Himnusz ("Isten, áldd meg a magyart")
"Hymn" ("God, bless the Hungarians")
| Location of Hungary (orange) – on the European continent (camel & white)
– in the European Union (camel) [
Legend] Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ...
Flag ratio: 1:2, basic flag Flag ratio 1:2, Hungarian flag with current official Hungarian coat of arms. ...
Coat of Arms of Hungary The Coat of Arms of Hungary was adopted in July 1990, after the end of the Socialist regime, although it has been used before, both with and without the crown, sometimes as part of a larger, more complex coat of arms, and many of its...
For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ...
Original Sheet Music Himnusz — the song beginning with the words Isten, áldd meg a magyart (God, bless the Hungarians) — is the official national anthem of Hungary. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 710 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hungary ...
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Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
| Capital
(and largest city) | Budapest
47°26′N, 19°15′E | | Official languages | Hungarian (Magyar) | | Demonym | Hungarian | | Government | Parliamentary republic | | - | President | László Sólyom | | - | Prime minister | Ferenc Gyurcsány | | Foundation | | - | Foundation of Hungary | 896 | | - | Recognized as Kingdom | December 1000 | | EU accession | May 1, 2004 | | Area | | - | Total | 93,030 km² (109th)
35,919 sq mi | | - | Water (%) | 0.74% | | Population | | - | 2007 estimate | 10,053,000[1] (79th) | | - | 2001 census | 10,198,315 | | - | Density | 109/km² (94nd)
282/sq mi | | GDP (PPP) | 2008 estimate | | - | Total | $198.7 billion[2] (48th) | | - | Per capita | $19,799[2] (39th) | | Gini (2002) | 24.96 (low) (3rd) | | HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.874 (high) (36th) | | Currency | Forint (HUF) | | Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | | - | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | | Internet TLD | .hu1 | | Calling code | +36 | | 1 | Also .eu as part of the European Union. | Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország; IPA: [mɒɟɒrorsaːg]; listen (help·
info)), officially in English the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság listen (help·
info), literally Magyar (Hungarian) Republic), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU and a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian (also known as Magyar), which forms part of the Finno-Ugric family. It is one of the four official languages of the European Union that is not of Indo-European origin. Not to be confused with capitol. ...
Population change 1961-2003, as reported by FAO, 2005. ...
For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ...
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
Hungarian (magyar nyelv ) is a Finno-Ugric language (more specifically an Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. ...
A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ...
Parliamentary republics around the world, shown in Orange (Parliamentary republics with a non-executive President) and Green (Parliamentary republics with an executive President linked to Parliament). ...
This is a list of all rulers of Hungary since Árpád. ...
László Sólyom, President of Hungary László Sólyom (pronounced ) born on January 3, 1942 is the President of Hungary, having overcome the Hungarian Socialist Party nominee Katalin Szili in the election on June 7, 2005. ...
This is a list of Prime Ministers of Hungary: Prime Ministers of Hungary, 1848-1849 Count Lajos Batthyány: 17 March - 2 October 1848 Baron Ádám Récsey: 3 October - 26 November 1848 Lajos Kossuth: 26 November 1848 - 11 August 1849 Bertalan Szemere: 11 August - 13 August 1849 Prime Ministers of Hungary...
(pronounced []; born in Pápa, June 4, 1961) is the Prime Minister of Hungary. ...
See also the history of Europe, the history of present-day nations and states, Hungary before the Magyars, and Hungary. ...
Austria Poland Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Rep. ...
is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the physical quantity. ...
To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². ...
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ...
Map of countries by population for the year 2007 This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ...
Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ...
Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ...
PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ...
There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ...
Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ...
This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ...
Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ...
World map of the Gini coefficient This is a list of countries or dependencies by Income inequality metrics, sorted in ascending order according to their Gini coefficient. ...
This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ...
This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ...
ISO 4217 Code HUF User(s) Hungary Inflation 8. ...
ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...
Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ...
Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ...
UTC redirects here. ...
Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ...
Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ...
UTC redirects here. ...
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ...
.hu is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Hungary. ...
This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ...
In Hungary the standard lengths for area codes is one (Budapest only) to two digits and 8 or 9 (cell phone numbers beginning with 20, 30 and 70 and corporate network numbers starting with 71) for subscribers numbers in Hungary. ...
Image File history File links Hu-Magyarország. ...
Image File history File links Hu-Magyar Köztársaság. ...
A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ...
The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ...
Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...
Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ...
For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ...
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ...
This article is about the military alliance. ...
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: European Union The European Union On-Line Official EU website, europa. ...
For other uses, see Schengen. ...
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
This article is about the Hungarian ethnic group. ...
Finno-Ugric group with dark green on map of language families Finno-Ugric (IPA:[ËŒfɪnoʊˈjuËgɹɪk]) is a grouping of languages in the Uralic language family, comprising Hungarian, Finnish and Estonian, and related languages. ...
Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ...
Following a Celtic (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (9 BC - c. 4th century) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late Ninth Century by the Magyar chieftain Árpád, whose great grandson István ascended to the throne with a crown sent from Rome in 1000. The Kingdom of Hungary existed with minor interruptions for more than 900 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world. It was succeeded by a Communist era (1947-1989) during which Hungary gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal move of opening its border with Austria in 1989, thus accelerating the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The present form of government is a parliamentary republic (since 1989). Hungary's current goal is to become a developed country by IMF standards, having become already developed by most traditional measures, including GDP and HDI[3] (world ranking 36th and rising). The country's first ever term of EU presidency is due in 2011[4]. This article is about the European people. ...
Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ...
This article is about the Hungarian ethnic group. ...
Ãrpád Ãrpád (c. ...
Saint Stephen I (Hungarian: , Slovak: ) (967/969/975, Esztergom, Hungary – 15 August 1038, Esztergom, Hungary), Grand Prince of the Magyars (997-1000/1001) and the first King of Hungary (1000/1001-1038). ...
For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ...
Occident redirects here. ...
This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...
Combatants Soviet Union ÃVH Hungarian government, various nationalist militias Commanders Yuri Andropov Pál Maléter, Béla Király, Gergely Pongrátz, József Dudás Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks 100,000+ demonstrators (some later armed), unknown number of soldiers Casualties 720 killed according to official...
The Eastern Bloc prior to the political upheavals of 1989. ...
A map of the Eastern Bloc 1948-1989. ...
Parliamentary republics around the world, shown in Orange (Parliamentary republics with a non-executive President) and Green (Parliamentary republics with an executive President linked to Parliament). ...
World map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2004). ...
The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ...
GDP is an acronym which can stand for more than one thing: (in economics) an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. ...
This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ...
Hungary was one of the 15 most popular tourist destinations in the world in the past decade[5][6], with a capital regarded as one of the most beautiful in the world[7][8]. Despite its relatively small size, the country is home to numerous World Heritage Sites, UNESCO Biosphere reserves, the second largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hévíz), the largest lake in Central Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grassland in Europe (Hortobágy). A tourist destination is a city, town or other area the economy of which is dependent to a significant extent on the revenues accruing from tourism. ...
For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ...
This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. ...
Lake HévÃz is located in Hungary and is the largest thermal lake in the world. ...
Lake Balaton, located in Hungary, is the largest lake in Central Europe. ...
Hortobágy is a part of Alföld (Great Plain) in eastern Hungary, near Debrecen. ...
[edit] History
[edit] The land before the Magyars -
 Galgóci tarsolylemez, a Ancient Hungarian pouch plate. In the time of the Roman Empire, the region west of the Danube river was known as Pannonia. After the Western Roman Empire collapsed under the stress of the migration of Germanic tribes and Carpian pressure, the Migration Period continued bringing many invaders to Europe. Among the first to arrive were the Huns, who built up a powerful empire under Attila. Attila the Hun is regarded as an ancestral ruler of the Hungarians. It is believed that the origin of the name "Hungary" does not come from the Central Asian nomadic invaders called the Huns, but rather originated from a later, 7th century Bulgar alliance called On-Ogour, which in Old Turkish meant "(the) Ten Arrows" </ref>[9]. After Hunnish rule faded, the Germanic Ostrogoths then the Lombards came to Pannonia, and the Gepids had a presence in the eastern part of the Carpathian Basin for about 100 years. In the 560s the Avars founded the Avar Khaganate ,[10] a state which maintained supremacy in the region for more than two centuries and had the military power to launch attacks against all its neighbours. The Avar Khagnate was weakened by constant wars and outside pressure and the Franks under Charlemagne managed to defeat the Avars ending their 250 year rule. Neither the Franks nor others were able to create a lasting state in the region until the freshly unified Hungarians led by Árpád settled in the Carpathian Basin starting in 896. [11]. See also the history of Europe, the history of present-day nations and states, Hungary before the Magyars, and Hungary. ...
This article discusses the known pre-history and early history of the area corresponding to modern-day Hungary, and the peoples associated with this area. ...
Explanatory note: This article was originally based on The Hungarian Old Country, written in Hungarian by professor István Kiszely, and translated into English by Csaba Hargita. ...
For other uses, see Pannonia (disambiguation). ...
Download high resolution version (870x597, 140 KB)Excerpt of Fesztys famous painting The Hungarian Conquest, exhibited at Ópusztaszer National Memorial Park, Hungary File links The following pages link to this file: Magyars Árpád Feszty ...
Download high resolution version (870x597, 140 KB)Excerpt of Fesztys famous painting The Hungarian Conquest, exhibited at Ópusztaszer National Memorial Park, Hungary File links The following pages link to this file: Magyars Árpád Feszty ...
The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
Length 2,888 km Elevation of the source 1,078 m Average discharge 30 km before Passau: 580 m³/s Vienna: 1,900 m³/s Budapest: 2,350 m³/s just before Delta: 6,500 m³/s Area watershed 817,000 km² Origin Black Forest (Schwarzwald-Baar, Baden- Württemberg, Germany...
For other uses, see Pannonia (disambiguation). ...
Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus The Western Roman Empire in 395. ...
The term Germanic tribes (or Teutonic tribes) applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ...
Carpia was an Iberian city which is said to be the site of the ancient city Tartessos, or the refoundation of the sunken city. ...
Human migration denotes any movement of groups of people from one locality to another, rather than of individual wanderers. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Hun (disambiguation). ...
Attila redirects here. ...
Attila redirects here. ...
Hungarian may refer to: Hungary or the Kingdom of Hungary. ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
For other uses, see Hun (disambiguation). ...
Not to be confused with Bulgarians. ...
It has been suggested that Old Great Bulgaria be merged into this article or section. ...
The Turkic language spoken by the Göktürks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions. ...
This article deals with the continental Ostrogoths. ...
The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, whence comes the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe that entered the late Roman Empire. ...
The Gepids (Latin Gepidae) were a Germanic tribe most famous in history for defeating the Huns after the death of Attila. ...
The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ...
Late Avar period Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ...
The word Avars can mean: The nomadic people that conquered the Hungarian Steppe in the early Middle Ages, the Eurasian Avars. ...
This article is about the Frankish people and society. ...
For the American band, see Charlemagne (band). ...
Hungarian may refer to: Hungary or the Kingdom of Hungary. ...
Ãrpád Ãrpád (c. ...
The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1765x2544, 716 KB) Summary The Holy Crown of Hungary, also known as the Crown of St. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1765x2544, 716 KB) Summary The Holy Crown of Hungary, also known as the Crown of St. ...
[edit] Medieval Hungary (896 – 1526) -
 Europe in 998, with Hungary in light blue. Medieval Hungary controlled more territory than medieval France, and the population of medieval Hungary was the third largest of any country in Europe. Árpád was the Magyar leader whom sources name as the single leader who unified the Magyar tribes via the Covenant of Blood(Vérszerződés) forged one nation, thereafter known as the Hungarian nation[12] and led the new nation to the territory of the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century[12]. After an early Hungarian state was formed in this territory military power of the nation allowed the Hungarians to conduct fierce campaigns and raids as far as present-day Spain. A later defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 signaled an end to raids on foreign territories, and links between the tribes weakened. The ruling prince (fejedelem) Géza of the House of Árpád, who was the ruler of only some of the unity territory, but the nominal overlord of all seven Magyar tribes, intended to integrate Hungary into Christian (Western) Europe, rebuilding the state according to the Western political and social model[13]. He established a dynasty by naming his son Vajk (later called Stephen) as his successor. This was contrary to the then dominant tradition of the succession of the eldest surviving member of the ruling family. Hungary was established as a Christian kingdom under Stephen I of Hungary, who was crowned in December 1000 AD in the capital, Esztergom. He was the son of Géza[14] and thus a descendant of Árpád. By 1006, Stephen had solidified his power, eliminating all rivals who either wanted to follow the old pagan traditions or wanted an alliance with the orthodox Christian Byzantine Empire. Then he started sweeping reforms to convert Hungary into a feudal state, complete with forced Christianisation[15]. What emerged was a strong kingdom[16] that withstood attacks from German kings and Emperors, and nomadic tribes following the Hungarians from the East, integrating some of the latter into the population (along with Germans invited to Transylvania and present-day Slovakia, especially after 1242), and subjugating Croatia in 1102[17]. This article deals with the history of the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century to c. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Arpads or Ãrpáds (Hungarian: Ãrpádok, Slovak: Arpádovci, Croatian: Arpadovići) was a dynasty ruling in historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301 (with some interruptions, e. ...
This article is about the better-known Battle of Mohács of 1526. ...
Map of the counties in the Kingdom of Hungary around 1880 A comitatus (less frequently, a comitat, or, inaccurately, a county; for the various names, their origin and use see here) is the name of an administrative unit in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 10th century to 1918. ...
The Mongol invasions of Europe were centered in their destruction of the Ruthenian states, especially Kiev, under the leadership of Subutai. ...
Islam in Hungary pre-dates Ottoman Empire. ...
// At the end of the 13th century, in a chronicle called Gesta Hungarorum, the notary of Hungarian King Béla explained his beliefs about the conquest of Hungary about 280 years earlier. ...
Combatants Kingdom of Hungary Mongol Empire Commanders King Béla IV Batu Khan, Subutai Strength 15,000-30,000+ Unknown (mostly cavalry) Casualties 10,000-30,000+ unknown The Battle of Mohi, or Battle of the Sajó River, (on April 11, 1241) was the main battle between the Mongols and...
John Hunyadi, as imagined by a 17th century artist John Hunyadi (Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, German: Johann Hunyadi; Hungarian: Hunyadi János, Romanian: Iancu or Ioan de Hunedoara) (c. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1787x1238, 108 KB) Summary Map of Europe in 998, based on free map of europe Image:BlankMap-Europe. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1787x1238, 108 KB) Summary Map of Europe in 998, based on free map of europe Image:BlankMap-Europe. ...
Ãrpád Ãrpád (c. ...
The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ...
Belligerents East Francia Magyars Commanders Otto the Great harka Bulcsú; chieftains Lél and Súr Strength 10,000 heavy cavalry 50,000 light cavalry Casualties and losses about 3,500 about 30,000 fell in the battle about 5,000 killed by local farmers maybe 5,000 fleeing Magyars...
Géza of Hungary (born around 940-945, died in 997) (possibly Gyécsa in Old Hungarian, Gejza in Slovak), was the fejedelem (ruling prince) of the Magyars from c. ...
Saint Stephen I (Hungarian: , Slovak: ) (967/969/975, Esztergom, Hungary – 15 August 1038, Esztergom, Hungary), Grand Prince of the Magyars (997-1000/1001) and the first King of Hungary (1000/1001-1038). ...
Saint Stephen I (Hungarian: , Slovak: ) (967/969/975, Esztergom, Hungary – 15 August 1038, Esztergom, Hungary), Grand Prince of the Magyars (997-1000/1001) and the first King of Hungary (1000/1001-1038). ...
Basilica in Esztergom. ...
Byzantine redirects here. ...
This article is about the region in Romania. ...
In 1241-1242, this kingdom received a major blow in the form of the Mongol invasion of Europe: after the defeat of the Hungarian army in the Battle of Muhi[18], King Béla IV fled, and a large part (though not as great as suspected by historians earlier) of the population died[19] (leading later to the invitation of settlers from neighbours in the West and South) in the ensuing destruction (Tatárjárás). Only strongly fortified cities and abbeys could withstand the assault. As a consequence, after the Mongols retreated, King Béla ordered the construction of stone castles, meant to be defence against a possible second Mongol invasion. These castles proved to be very important later in the long struggle with the Ottoman Empire in the following centuries (from the late 14th century onwards), but their cost indebted the King to the major feudal landlords again, so the royal power reclaimed by Béla IV after his father King András II weakened it (leading to the issue of the so called 'Arany Bulla' or Golden Bull, in 1222), was lost again. The Mongol Invasion of Russia was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ...
The Battle of Muhi was fought on April 11, 1241 between Hungary and the Mongols. ...
Béla IV c. ...
Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
The Golden Bull of 1222 was a golden bull, or edict, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary. ...
Árpád's direct descendants in the male line ruled the country until 1301. During the reigns of the Kings after the house of Árpád, the Kingdom of Hungary reached its greatest extent, yet royal power was weakened as the major landlords greatly increased their influence. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks confronted the country ever more often. The second Hungarian king in the 'Anjou' Angevin line also descendant of Árpád on the female line, Louis I the Great (I. or Nagy Lajos, king 1342-1382) extended his rule over territories from the Black Sea to the Adriatic Sea, and temporarily occupied the Kingdom of Naples (after his brother was murdered there by his wife, who was also his cousin). From 1370, the death of Casimir III the Great, he was also king of Poland. The alliance between Casimir and Charles I of Hungary, the father of Louis, was the start of a still lasting Polish-Hungarian friendship. Sigismund, a prince from the Luxembourg line succeeded to the throne by marrying Louis's daughter, Queen Mary. In 1433 he even became Holy Roman Emperor. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Saint Stephen I (Hungarian: , Slovak: ) (967/969/975, Esztergom, Hungary – 15 August 1038, Esztergom, Hungary), Grand Prince of the Magyars (997-1000/1001) and the first King of Hungary (1000/1001-1038). ...
A miniature from the Chronicon Pictum. ...
Angevin (IPA: ) is the name applied to the residents of Anjou, a former province of the Kingdom of France, as well as to the residents of Angers. ...
Louis the Great. ...
For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ...
A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ...
Capital Naples Government Monarchy King - 1285-1309 Charles II - 1815-1816 Ferdinand I History - Established 1285 - Union with Sicily 1816 The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of southern Italy after of the secession...
Noble Family or Dynasty Piast dynasty Coat of Arms Piast Eagle Parents Władysław I the Elbow-high, Jadwiga Kaliszka, of Gniezno and Greater Poland Consorts Aldona Ona, Adelheid of Hesse, Christina, Jadwiga of Glogow and Sagan Children 5 daughters Date of Birth 1310 Place of Birth Kowal Date...
Charles I of Hungary Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291–Visegrád, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. ...
Polish, Hungarian, two good friends is the short form of the popular bilingual proverbial rhyme about the historical friendship of the Polish and the Hungarian people. ...
Sigismund, aged approximately 50, depicted by unknown artist in the 1420s — the only contemporary portrait. ...
The last strong king was the renaissance king Matthias Corvinus. He was the son of the feudal landlord and warlord John Hunyadi, who led the Hungarian troops in the 1456 Siege of Nándorfehérvár. Building on his fathers' vision, the aim of taking on the Ottoman Empire with a strong enough background, Matthias set out to build a great empire, expanding southward and northwest, while he also implemented internal reforms. His army called the 'Fekete Sereg' (Black Army) accomplished a series of victories also capturing the city of Vienna in 1485. In 1514, the weakened King faced a major peasant rebellion led by György Dózsa, which was crushed barbarously by the nobles mainly by János Szapolyai. As central rule degenerated, the stage was set for a defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire. In 1521, the strongest Hungarian fortress in the South Nándorfehérvár (modern Belgrade) fell to the Turks, and in 1526, the Hungarian army was destroyed in the Battle of Mohács. Matthias Corvinus as depicted in Chronica Hungarorum by Carl van Vechten Matthias Corvinus (Matthias the Just) (February 23, 1443 (?) – April 6, 1490) was King of Hungary, ruling between 1458 and 1490. ...
John Hunyadi, as imagined by a 17th century artist John Hunyadi (Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, German: Johann Hunyadi; Hungarian: Hunyadi János, Romanian: Iancu or Ioan de Hunedoara) (c. ...
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman sultan Mehmed II was rallying his resources in order to subjugate Hungary. ...
Black Army can refer to several different groups and affiliations: Black Guards Matthias Corvinus Black Army Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine a term used for several anarchist fractions of the Russian Civil War the supporter club of the Swedish sports association Allmänna idrottsklubben (AIK) This is a disambiguation page...
János Szapolyai or János Zápolya (Croatian: ) (2 February 1487 – July 22, 1540) was King of Hungary, he had a dispute with Archduke Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary between 1526 and 1540. ...
Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the better-known Battle of Mohács of 1526. ...
Through the centuries the Kingdom of Hungary kept its old "constitution", which granted special "freedoms" or rights to the nobility and groups like the Saxons resident in Hungary or the Jassic people, and to free royal towns such as Buda, Kassa (Košice), Pozsony (Bratislava), Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca). This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For other uses, see Saxon (disambiguation). ...
The main church in the center of Jászberény Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county within Hungary The Jassic people or Jász people are an ethnic group of Hungarians that mostly live in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county of Hungary. ...
In the Holy Roman Empire, an Imperial Free City (in German: Freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the Emperor only — as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes and dukes of...
Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: BudÃn, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ...
Location of KoÅ¡ice in Slovakia Coordinates: , Country Slovakia Region KoÅ¡ice Region Districts KoÅ¡ice I-IV City parts First mentioned 1230 Government - Type City Council - Mayor FrantiÅ¡ek KnapÃk Area - City 243. ...
, Nickname: Beauty on the Danube, City of peace Country Slovakia Region Districts 5 - Bratislava I - Bratislava II - Bratislava III - Bratislava IV - Bratislava V Rivers Elevation 134 m (440 ft) Coordinates , Highest point DevÃnska Kobyla - elevation 514 m (1,686 ft) Lowest point Danube River - elevation 126 m (413 ft...
Map of Romania showing Cluj_Napoca Cluj_Napoca (Hungarian: Kolozsvár, German: Klausenburg, Latin: Claudiopolis), the seat of Cluj county, is one of the most important academic, cultural and industrial centers in Romania. ...
[edit] Ottoman occupation 1526-1699 -
After some 150 years of wars with the Hungarians and other states, the Turks conquered parts of Hungary, and continued their expansion until 1556. The Ottomans gained their first decisive victory over the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács in 1526. The next decades were characterised by political chaos; the divided Hungarian nobility elected two kings simultaneously, 'Szapolyai János' (1526-1540) and Ferdinand Habsburg (1527-1540), whose armed conflicts weakened the country further. With the conquest of Buda in 1541 by the Turks, Hungary fell into three parts. The north-western part see map) termed as Royal Hungary remained under the Habsburgs who ruled as Kings of Hungary. The eastern part of the kingdom (Partium and Transylvania), in turn, became independent as the Principality of Transylvania,often under Turkish influence. The remaining central area (mostly present-day Hungary), including the capital of Buda was known as Ottoman Hungary. A large part of the area became devastated by permanent warfare. Most smaller settlements disappeared. The Turks were indifferent to the type of Christian religion of their subjects and the Habsburg counter-reformation measures could not reach this area. As a result, the majority of the population of the area became Protestant (Calvinist). In 1686, Austria-led Christian forces reconquered Buda, and in the next few years, all of the country except areas near Temesvár (Timişoara). In the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz these changes were officially recognized, and in 1718 the entire Kingdom of Hungary was restored from the Ottomans. Ottoman Hungary or Muslim Hungary refers to the Turkish-Ottoman age of todays Hungary (1526 - 1699). ...
The kuruc (Hungarian: kuruczok/kurucok [sg. ...
The House of Esterházy was a noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary since the Middle Ages. ...
// Combatants Austria, Holy Roman Empire, League of the Rhine, France Ottoman Empire Commanders Raimondo Montecuccoli, Leopold Wilhelm of Baden-Baden, Count Coligny Ahmed Köprülü Strength ~ 40,000 including Imperial and French troops [1] ~ 60,000 Casualties Minimal 10,000 The Battle of Saint Gotthard (Hungarian: ) was fought on...
The Knightly Order of Vitéz (Vitézi Rend in Hungarian), is a Hungarian Order initially founded in 1678 by Imre Thököly, (1657-1705), a Hungarian nobleman, who was leading a rebellion against Leopold I of Austria, who suspended the Constitution and placed Hungary under a Directorate headed...
Gheorghe Doja redirects here. ...
The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe are also sometimes referred to as the Ottoman Wars or as Turkish Wars, particularly in older, European texts. ...
This article is about the better-known Battle of Mohács of 1526. ...
John I Zápolya (Hungarian: ; Croatian: ) or John Szapolyai (Hungarian: ) (2 February 1487 – July 22, 1540) was a voivode of Transylvania and, along with Archduke Ferdinand I, a claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary between 1526 and 1540. ...
See: Habsburg Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Consequences of the Battle of Mohács, and the conquest of Buda in 1541 by the Ottomans: the Kingdom is partitioned. ...
This is a list of all rulers of the Kingdom of Hungary since Ãrpád. ...
Principality of Transylvania Partium (Hungarian: Partium or Részek) is a historical region in the present-day territory of Romania that roughly corresponds to the contemporary Crişana region. ...
This article is about the region in Romania. ...
Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or Transilvania; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: or Erdelj / Ердељ) is a historical region in the center of Romania. ...
Ottoman Hungary or Muslim Hungary refers to the Turkish-Ottoman age of todays Hungary (1526 - 1699). ...
Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: BudÃn, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ...
For other uses of TimiÅŸ, see TimiÅŸ (disambiguation). ...
The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in 1699 in Sremski Karlovci (a city in modern-day Serbia and Montenegro) (German: Karlowitz, Turkish:Karlofça), concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side was defeated. ...
Pozsony (Bratislava) became the new capital (1536-1784), coronation town (1563-1830) and seat of the Diet (1536-1848) of Hungary. Nagyszombat(Trnava) in turn, became the religious center in 1541. Parallelly, between 1604 and 1711, there was a series of anti-Habsburg (i.e. anti-Austrian) and anti-Catholic (requiring equal rights and freedom for all Christian religions) uprisings, which – with the exception of the last one – took place in Royal Hungary. The uprisings were usually organized from Transylvania. The last one was an uprising led by 'II. Rákóczi Ferenc', who after the dethronement of the Habsburgs in 1707 at the Diet of Ónód took power as the "Ruling Prince" of Hungary. When Austrians defeated the uprising in 1711, Rákóczi was in Poland. He later fled to France, finally Turkey, and lived to the end of his life (1735) in nearby Rodosto. Afterwards, to make further armed resistance impossible, the Austrians blew up some castles (most of the castles on the border between the now-reclaimed territories occupied earlier by the Ottomans and Royal Hungary), and allowed peasants to use the stones from most of the others as building material (the végvárs among them). Image File history File links Ferenc_rakoczi_ii. ...
Image File history File links Ferenc_rakoczi_ii. ...
Francis II Rákóczi (painted by Ãdám Mányoki) Ferenc (Francis) II Rákóczi (Borsi, March 27, 1676 - Rodosto, Ottoman Empire, April 8, 1735) was the leader of the Hungarian uprising against the Habsburgs in 1703-11 as the prince (fejedelem) of the Estates Confederated for Liberty...
, Nickname: Beauty on the Danube, City of peace Country Slovakia Region Districts 5 - Bratislava I - Bratislava II - Bratislava III - Bratislava IV - Bratislava V Rivers Elevation 134 m (440 ft) Coordinates , Highest point DevÃnska Kobyla - elevation 514 m (1,686 ft) Lowest point Danube River - elevation 126 m (413 ft...
Trnava (Hungarian: Nagyszombat, German: Tyrnau) is a town in western Slovakia, 45 kilometers to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river, and at the main Bratislava-Žilina railway and Bratislava-Žilina limited-access highway. ...
Francis II Rákóczi (painted by Ãdám Mányoki) Ferenc (Francis) II Rákóczi (Borsi, March 27, 1676 - Rodosto, Ottoman Empire, April 8, 1735) was the leader of the Hungarian uprising against the Habsburgs in 1703-11 as the prince (fejedelem) of the Estates Confederated for Liberty...
Tekirdag or Tekir Dagh, referred to historically as Rodosto (Greek name: Redestos or Rhaedestos), is a city of European Turkey (Eastern Thrace), which during the period of the Ottoman Empire (before the treaty of Sevres in 1920) belonged in the vilayet of Adrianople. ...
[edit] History of Hungary 1700-1918 -
During the Napoleonic Wars and afterwards, the Hungarian Diet had not convened for decades. In the 1820s, the Emperor was forced to convene the Diet, and thus a Reform Period began. Nevertheless, its progress was slow, because the nobles insisted on retaining their privileges (no taxation, exclusive voting rights, etc.). Therefore the achievements were mostly of national character (e.g. introduction of Hungarian as the official language of the country, instead of the former Latin). This article describes the History of Hungary between the 18th century and the early 20th century (1699 - 1919). ...
Count István Széchenyi, in Hungarian: Gróf Széchenyi István, born in Vienna, 21 September 1791 and died in Döbling, 8 April 1860. ...
Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...
Lajos Kossuth Lajos Louis Kossuth [] (Monok, September 19, 1802–Turin, March 20, 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, politician and Regent-President of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1849. ... |
