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Imaginary portrait of Husayn ibn Ali, by contemporary Iranian artist. Some Shi'as believe that such portraits are allowable. Shi'a scholars, however, consider such depictions as being disrespectful and that they should be avoided.

Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. 626 - October 10, 680) (Arabic: حسين بن علي بن ابي طالب; transliterated: Husayn bin 'Alī bin 'Abī Tālib) was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, and son of his daughter Fatima Zahra with Ali ibn Abu Talib. Husayn is revered by Muslims, and has a special importance to the Shia as their Third Imam by most Shias and second Imam by some Shia sects. The Quran (Arabic: al-qurān literally the recitation; also called Al Qurān Al KarÄ«m or The Noble Quran; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Hadith (Arabic: , Arabic pl. ... This article is not about the group of British engineering companies called Sira; see Sira (group of British companies). ... - Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh (in Arabic and Persian: فقه) is made up of the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct the lives of the Muslim faithful. ... Sharia (Arabic: ; also SharÄ«ah, Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is the Arabic word for Islamic law, also known as the Law of Allah. ... // Historical Background of Sunni-Shia Split The principal issue upon which Islams first major sectarian split occurred centers on the question of leadership. ... Shia Islam (Arabic: or follower. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف tasÌ£awwuf) is a school of esoteric philosophy in Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. ... The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... Islamic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved from Islam as a social, cultural, political and religious phenomenon. ... Mediums of Islamic art Islamic art throughout history has been mainly abstract and decorative, portraying geometric, floral, Arabesque, and calligraphic designs. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (also called Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Muslim holy days. ... Islamic religious leaders are persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, perform a prominent role within their community or nation. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Islam as a political movement has a diverse character that has at different times incorporated elements of many other political movements, while simultaneously adapting the religious views of Islamic fundamentalism, particularly the view of Islam as a political religion. ... Jihad (jihād جهاد) is an Islamic term, from the Arabic root jhd (to exert utmost effort, to strive, struggle), which connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith to a political or military struggle to further the Islamic cause. ... The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... As with any religion, Islam has been a subject of criticism since its formative stages. ... Image File history File links Photo of painting by Mirza-Beigi of Husain ebne Ali. ... Image File history File links Photo of painting by Mirza-Beigi of Husain ebne Ali. ... Events July 2 - In the early morning, Li Shimin, the future Emperor Tang Taizong of China, eliminated two of his brothers, Li Yuanji and the crown prince Li Jiancheng in a coup détat at the Xuanwu Gate in Changan. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the... Arabic (العربية al-arabiyyah, or less formally arabi) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Due to the fact that the Arabic language has a number of phonemes that have no equivalent in English or other European languages, a number of different transliteration methods have been invented to represent certain Arabic characters, due to various conflicting goals: A desire to stay consistent with traditional usage... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... Fatima Zahra also called Fatemeh Al Zahraa or Az-Zahra (Arabic: ) was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his first wife Khadija. ... Ali ibn Abi Talib (علي بن أبي طالب) (c. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful successor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam. ...

Husayn was the second son of Ali and Fatima. He was beloved by his grandfather Muhammad and many stories tell of a great resemblance between Husayn and Muhammad. There are numerous reports, or hadith, that refer to Husayn and his elder brother Hasan and express the love that Muhammad had for them. In one of these hadith, Muhammad is reputed to have said "Hasan and Husayn are like my two sweet bazels in this world". Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... Hadith (Arabic: , Arabic pl. ... Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. ...

Husayn was famously killed, along with his entire family, in a most severely brutal manner, in Karbala on a day that is now referred to as Ashurah; a day that has been greatly mourned by Shi'as across the world for over 1300 years. The Day of Aashurah, sometimes spelled ‘Ashurah or Aashoorah, falls on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar. ...

Titles

• Sayyid al-Shuhadā: Master of the Martyrs
• Shahīd al-Karbala: Martyr of Karbala

Birth

Husayn was born in 624, on 3rd Sha'ban, three years after the Hijra. Events Justus becomes Archbishop of Canterbury. ... Hijra may refer to: Hijra (Hegira/Hijrah/Hejira) is an Arabic term referring to the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622. ...

• Father: Ali ibn Abi Talib (the 1st Shia Imam), the Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law.
• Mother: Fatima Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad.

When Muhammad was given news of the birth, he hurried to the house of Ali and Fatima. Safia bint Abdul Muttalib, Asma bint Umais, and Umm Salama were all present when Husayn was born. When Muhammad asked Safia to bring him the newborn child, she said, "We have not cleaned him yet." When Muhammad heard this, he said: "You clean him? Certainly, Allah, the Exalted, has cleaned and purified him". This statement was repeated in the Hadith of The Cloak. Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: ) (c. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... Fatima Zahra also called Fatemeh Al Zahraa or Az-Zahra (Arabic: ) was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his first wife Khadija. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... Muhammads aunt. ... Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya was a wife of prophet Muhammad. ...

Muhammad hugged the baby and kissed him. Asma saw that Muhammad looked mournful. She asked him why he was weeping. He replied, "He (Husayn) will be murdered by a cruel group, may God deprive them of my intercession." Muhammad recited the Adhan into the baby's right ear and left ear. Muhammad then named the baby Husayn. A call to prayer in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. ...

Family life

Husayn is said to have married the eldest daughter of Yazdegerd III, the last King of Sassanid Persia. Bibi Shahrbanu gave birth to the fourth Imam, Ali ibn Husayn. The Sayyida Ruqayya Mosque in the old town of Damascus in Syria is dedicated to the daughter of Husayn. Yazdegerd III, (also Yazdgird III) (made by God, Izdegerdes), king of Persia, a grandson of Khosrau II, who had been murdered by his son Kavadh II in 628, was raised to the throne in 632 after a series of internal conflicts. ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Shahr Banu was a daughter of the last Sassanid emperor, Yazdegerd III. After the defeat of her father, she was taken captive by the Arab armies and sent to Medina where she was married to Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. ... Ali ibn Husayn, Zainul Abideen, (658 - 713) (alternative spellings include bin, ben for the middle word and Hussain, Husain, Hussein, etc. ... Damascus by night, pictured from Jabal Qasioun; the green spots are minarets Damascus (Arabic officially دمشق Dimashq, colloquially ash-Sham الشام) is the capital city of Syria and is the oldest inhabited city in the world. ...

The Caliphate

After the death of his father, Ali, in 661, the succession to the Caliphate was undetermined, and a conflict existed between those who thought Muawiyah should be the caliph, and those who felt that Husayn should succeed him. Husayn's elder brother, Hasan, chose not to pursue the issue. However, 10 years after Hasan died in 669, Husayn took up his claim to the caliphate amid charges that the then caliph (Yazid, the son of Muawiyah I), was corrupt. Events Caliph Ali Ben Abu Talib is assassinated. ... An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph (  listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Muawiyah I (602 - May 6, 680), early Muslim leader and founder of the great Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs. ... Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. ... Events Theodore appointed Archibishop of Canterbury Births Justinian II, Byzantine emperor Deaths Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and second Shia Imam Categories: 669 ... Yazid bin Muawiyah (Arabic: يزيد بن معاويه) (c. ... Muawiyah I (602 - May 6, 680) was founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs. ...

Ashurah: The Martyrdom of Husayn at Karbala

Husayn thus led an insurrection and received support from the people of Iraq. However, when his forces met those of Yazid at Karbala, he was betrayed by those who had come to his aid. Husayn, most of his family (including sons Ali Akbar and Ali Asgar) and 72 of his companions were massacred at the battle. Husayn himself was decapitated and his head was delivered to Yazid. This event is known as Ashurah and is a great day of mourning and remembrance for the Shia. The same event also earned him the title of Sayyid al-Shuhadā (Leader of Martyrs) among Shi'a Muslims. The Battle of Karbala took place on October 10, 680, in Iraq. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Ali Asgar was the youngest son of Imam Husayn and Rubaab and the grandson of Muhammeds daughter Fatima and Ali ibn Abi Talib. ... The Day of Aashurah, sometimes spelled ‘Ashurah or Aashoorah, falls on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar. ... Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... Sayyid (Arabic: سید also rendered as Syed, in Malaysia and South Asia,or Seyyed or Sayyed in Iran also Syed, or Saiyed) is an honorific title often given to descendants of Muhammad through his grandsons, Hussain and Hassan. ...

This episode of Husayn's life is of special importance to many Muslims for its tragedy and for the bravery of Husayn in the face of an overwhelming opponent. The Festival of Muharram is held in honor of his sacrifice. The Festival of Muharram (Arabic: احتفال محرم or مناسبة محرم) is an important period of mourning in the Shiite branch of Islam. ...

Husayn's shrine is in Karbala, Iraq, where his body is buried. His head was later buried in Karbala. Eastern Orthodox shrine Buddhist shrine just outside Wat Phnom. ... Karbalā (Arabic: ; also transliterated as Kerbala or Kerbela) is a city in Iraq, located about 100 km southwest of Baghdad at 32. ...

The Imamah

Shias believe that the only survivor of the vicious massacre at Karbala, Ali ibn Husayn, was the successor to Husayn ibn Ali with regards to the Imamah or leadership of the believers. Ali ibn Husayn, Zainul Abideen, (658 - 713) (alternative spellings include bin, ben for the middle word and Hussain, Husain, Hussein, etc. ...

Sayings

• "Death with dignity is better than life with humiliation."
• "I swear by God, I shall not surrender as a humiliated person, and I shall not escape like slaves."
• "I have not arisen for the purpose of exuberance, arrogance, corruption or oppression, but I have done so in order to seek reform in the nation of my Grandfather (Muhammad). I want to promote virtue and prohibit vice, and I want to go down the path and tradition of my Grandfather (Muhammad), and the path of my father (Ali)."
• "O Allah...
  • How can You be reasoned about with that that is in need of You in its existence?
  • Does anything other than You have a manifestation that You do not have, such that it can act as manifestation for You?
  • When were You ever not present so that You may need a guide (evidence or reason) to lead to You?
  • Blind is the eye that does not see You..."

On the day of Ashurah, when Husayn was the only fighter left on the battlefield and his enemies began attacked the women and children in the tents, Husayn addressed his enemies:

• "If you do not believe in a religion, and do not fear the hereafter, then be free (from arrogance) in your lives."

Quotes about Husayn

• "If Husayn fought to quench his worldly desires, then I do not understand why his sisters, wives and children accompanied him. It stands to reason therefore that he sacrificed purely for Islam." - Charles Dickens (Author)

• "The best lesson which we get from the tragedy of Karbala is that Husayn and his companions were the rigid believers of God. They illustrated that numerical superiority does not count when it comes to truth and falsehood. The victory of Husayn despite his minority marvels me!" - Thomas Carlyle (Scottish historian)

• "I learnt from Husayn how to be wronged and be a winner." - Mahatma Ghandi

• "Husayn marched with his little company not to glory, not to power or wealth, but to a supreme sacrifice and every member of that gallant band, male and female, knew that the foes were implacable, were not only ready to fight but to kill. Denied even water for the children, they remained parched under a burning sun, amid scorching sands yet no one faltered for a moment and bravely faced the greatest odds without flinching." - Dr. K. Sheldrake

Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. ... The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful successor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam. ... Ali ibn Husayn, Zainul Abideen, (658 - 713) (alternative spellings include bin, ben for the middle word and Hussain, Husain, Hussein, etc. ...

See also

• Sayyid
• Sahaba
• Ahl ul-Bayt
• Battle of Karbala

Sayyid (Arabic: سید also rendered as Syed, in Malaysia and South Asia,or Seyyed or Sayyed in Iran also Syed, or Saiyed) is an honorific title often given to descendants of Muhammad through his grandsons, Hussain and Hassan. ... In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for friend, or companion) are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ... People of Mohammeds (s. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

External links

• Mourning for Imam Husayn
• Who killed Imam Husayn?
• Imam Husayn in the eyes of non-Muslims
• The Third Imam
• Mourning ceremonies for Imam Husayn
• The concept of martyrdom and mourning in Islam