Hyder Ali or Haidar 'Ali (c. 1722 - 1782), was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Introduction The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom of southern India, which was founded about 1400 AD by the Wodeyar dynasty, who ruled the state until the independence of India in 1947, when the kingdom was merged with the Union of India. ...

This Muslim he vwas soldier-adventurer, who, followed by his son Tipu Sultan, became the most formidable Asiatic rival the British ever encountered in India, was the great-grandson of a fakir or wandering ascetic of Islam, who had found his way from the Punjab to Gulbarga in the Deccan, and the second son of a naik or chief constable at Budikota, near Kolar in present-day Karnataka. He was born in 1722, or according to other authorities 1717. An elder brother, who like himself was early turned out into the world to seek his own fortune, rose to command a brigade in the Mysore army, while Hyder, who never learned to read or write, passed the first years of his life aimlessly in sport and sensuality, sometimes, however, acting as the agent of his brother, and meanwhile acquiring a useful familiarity with the tactics of the French when at the height of their reputation under Joseph François Dupleix. He is said to have induced his brother to employ a Parsi to purchase artillery and small arms from government of Bombay Presidency, and to enroll some thirty sailors of different European nations as gunners, and is thus credited with having been "the first Indian who formed a corps of sepoys armed with firelocks and bayonets, and who had a train of artillery served by Europeans." A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... Tipu sultans summer palace Tipu Sultan, also known as Tipu Sahib (December 10, 1750, Devanhalli - May 4, 1799) was ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782, and one of the primary native sources of resistance to the establishment of British rule in India. ... According to Herbert Ponting, who took this photograph in 1907, this is a fakir in Benares (Varanasi), India. ... Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (Meaning: Land of five Rivers) (also Panjab, Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... Gulbarga is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Introduction The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Kolar District is situated in the state of Karnataka, India and belongs to its semi-arid drought prone region. ... Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... // Events January 4 — The Netherlands, Britain & France sign Triple Alliance February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region. ... Joseph François Dupleix Joseph François Dupleix (January 1, 1697 — November 10, 1763) was governor general of the French establishment in India, and was the great rival of Robert Clive. ... Parsi is: A person from Pars (the middle-Persian word for Fars), a region now within the geographical boundaries of Iran, and is roughly the original homeland of the Persian people. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sepâhi meaning soldier) was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. ...

At the siege of Devanhalli (1749) Hyder's services attracted the attention of Nanjiraj, the minister of the Raja of Mysore, and he at once received an independent command; within the next twelve years his energy and ability had made him completely master of minister and raja alike, and in everything but in name he was ruler of the kingdom. In 1763 the conquest of Kanara gave him possession of the treasures of Bednor, which he resolved to make the most splendid capital in India, under his own name, thenceforth changed from Hyder Naik into Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur; and in 1765 he retrieved previous defeat at the hands of the Marathas by the destruction of the Nairs or military caste of the Malabar coast, and the conquest of Calicut. Hyder Ali now began to occupy the serious attention of the Madras Presidency, which in 1766 entered into an agreement with the Nizam of Hyderabad to furnish him with troops to be used against the common foe. But hardly had this alliance been formed when a secret arrangement was come to between the two Indian powers, the result of which was that Colonel Smith's small force was met with a united army of 50,000 men and 100 guns. British dash and sepoy fidelity, however, prevailed, first in the Battle of Chengam (September 3, 1767), and again still more remarkably in that of Tiruvannamalai (Trinornalai). Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ... A Raja (sometimes spelled Rajah) is a king, or princely ruler. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Uttara Kannada is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Maratha is a kshatriya (warrior) caste of Marathi-speaking people primarily residing in the plains and hills of Indias western state of Maharashtra. ... Bekal Fort Beach Malabar is a region along the southwest coast of the Indian peninsula, which forms the northern part of present-day Kerala state. ... Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the third largest city (pop. ... Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Nizam-ul-Mulk was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad state from 1724 to 1949. ... Hyderabad and Berar, 1903 Hyderābād was an autonomous princely state of south-central India from 1724 until 1948, ruled by a hereditary Nizam, and an Indian state from 1948 to 1956. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years). ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Tiruvannamalai is a town in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. ...

On the loss of his recently made fleet and forts on the western coast, Hyder Ali now offered overtures for peace; on the rejection of these, bringing all his resources and strategy into play, he forced Colonel Smith to raise the siege of Bangalore, and brought his army within 5 miles of Madras. The result was the treaty of April 1769, providing for the mutual restitution of all conquests, and for mutual aid and alliance in defensive war; it was followed by a commercial treaty in 1770 with the authorities of Bombay. Under these arrangements Hyder Ali, when defeated by the Marathas in 1772, claimed British assistance, but in vain; this breach of faith stung him to fury, and thenceforward he and his son did not cease to thirst for vengeance. His time came when in 1778 the British, on the declaration of war with France, resolved to drive the French out of India. The capture of Mahé on the coast of Malabar in 1779, followed by the annexation of lands belonging to a dependent of his own, gave him the needed pretext for the Second Anglo-Mysore War. Bangalore (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು in Kannada) is the capital and largest city of the state of Karnataka in India. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Just war is the name of a tradition that believes that war is permissible but only if it satisfies a set of moral or legal rules. ... 1770 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen North American colonies. ... Mahé, also known as Mayyazhi, is a former French colony in India. ... Bekal Fort Beach Malabar is a region along the southwest coast of the Indian peninsula, which forms the northern part of present-day Kerala state. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was a conflict in India between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Mysore. ...

Again master of all that the Marathas had taken from him, and with empire extended to the Krishna River, he descended through the passes of the Western Ghats amid burning villages, reaching Kanchipuram (Conjeevaram), only 45 miles from Madras, unopposed. Not till the smoke was seen from St Thomas' Mount, where Sir Hector Munro commanded some 5200 troops, was any movement made; then, however, the British general sought to effect a junction with a smaller body under Colonel Baillie recalled from Guntur. The incapacity of these officers, notwithstanding the splendid courage of their men, resulted in the total destruction of Baillie's force of 2800 (September 10, 1780). Warren Hastings sent from Bengal Sir Eyre Coote, who, though repulsed at Chidambaram, defeated Hyder thrice successively in the battles of Porto Novo, Pollilur and Sholingarh, while Tipu Sultan was forced to raise the siege of Vandavasi (Wandiwash), and Vellore was provisioned. On the arrival of Lord Macartney as governor of Madras, the British fleet captured Nagapattinam (Negapatam), and forced Hyder Ali to confess that he could never ruin a power which had command of the sea. He had sent his son Tipu to the west coast, to seek the assistance of the French fleet, when his death took place suddenly at Chittoor in December 1782. The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India (about 900 km in length). ... The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of Indias Deccan Plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. ... Kanchipuram, Kanchi, or Kancheepuram (also sometimes Conjeevaram) is the name of a temple town and district in Tamil Nadu, Indias southernmost state. ... Sir Hector Munro (1726 - December 27, 1805), was a British military leader. ... Guntur is a city and district in Andhra Pradesh state of southern India. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Warren Hastings (December 6, 1732 - August 22, 1818) was the first governor-general of British India, from 1773 to 1786. ... Sir Eyre Coote (1726 - April 28, 1783), was a British soldier. ... Chidambaram is a town of India, in the South Arcot district of Madras, 7 m. ... The Battle of Pollilur took place in 1757 near Kanchipurum in Tamil Nadu state, India, between Tipu Sultan, (also known as the Tiger of Mysore), and Col William Baille of the East India Company. ... Tipu sultans summer palace Tipu Sultan, also known as Tipu Sahib (December 10, 1750, Devanhalli - May 4, 1799) was ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782, and one of the primary native sources of resistance to the establishment of British rule in India. ... Vandavasi or Wandiwash is a city in Tamil Nadu state of India. ... A historical town in the state of Tamil Nadu, in southernmost India, Vellore is now the headquarters of Vellore District. ... Nagapattinam (also formerly known as Negapatam) is a small city of about a 100,000 population located in Coastal Tamil Nadu state in India. ... Map showing chitoor district Chittoor, also known as Chittur, is a city and district of Indias Andhra Pradesh state. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.
• Bhagwan S. Gidwani The Sword of Tipu Sultan.
• 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica references:
  • LB Bowring, Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, Rulers of India series (1893)
  • For the personal character and administration of Hyder Ali see the History of Hyder Naik, written by Mir Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani (translated from the Persian by Colonel Miles, and published by the Oriental Translation Fund)
  • The curious work written by M Le Maitre de La Tour, commandant of his artillery, L'histoire d'Hayder-Ali Khan, Paris, 1783
  • For the whole life and times see Wilks, historical Sketches of the South of India (1810-1817).