Ahmad ibn-al-'Abbas ibn Rashid ibn-Hammad ibn-Fadlan (Aḥmad ʿibn alʿAbbās ʿibn Rasẖīd ʿibn ḥammād ʿibn Fadlān أحمد ابن العباس ابن رشيد ابن حماد ابن فضلان) was a ( ( (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant persons 3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 4 Decades and years Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there... tenth-century For other uses, see The words Arab and Arabian have multiple meanings: Arab - pertaining to the people/language/politics of West Asia Arab - 1 billion in the Indian numbering system. Arab, a short-lived English automobile. Arab, Alabama The Arabian horse. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid... Arab scholar who wrote an account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph ( This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Please see its description page there. To play the audio file do not click on the -image. Look for a Listen-link near this... Caliph of A street map of Baghdad Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. It is the second largest city in Southwest Asia after Tehran, with the 2003 population estimated at 5,772,000. Situated on the Tigris River at 33°20 north and... Baghdad to the king of the [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Crimean Khanate Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation Bulgaria, known today... Volga Bulgars (Kitāb ilá malik aṣ-Ṣaqālibah كتاب إلى ملك الصقالبة).

Manuscript Tradition

For a long time, only an incomplete version of the account was known, as transmitted in the geographical dictionary of Yaqut (Yaqut ibn-Abdullah al-Hamawi) (1179 - 1229) was an Arab biographer and geographer. Categories: Stub | 1179 births | 1229 deaths ... Yāqūt (under the headings Volga redirects here. For other uses, see The name Volga can refer to a number of different things: The Volga River (Волга, Rha, İtil, İdel) in western Russia is the longest river in Europe. Volga (automobiles) is the name of a Russian brand of... Atil, Bashgird, [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Crimean Khanate Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation Bulgaria, known today... Bulghār, [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation The Khazars were a Turkic... Khazar, Khiva (alternative names include Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarezm, Khwarizm, Khwarazm, Chiwa and Chorezm) is a city in present day Uzbekistan, in the Province of Khorezm. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia. Old Entrance into Khiva History Khiva area is one of the old pillars of Iranian cultural activities and Iranian... Khwārizm, Rūs), published in Years: 1820 1821 1822 - 1823 - 1824 1825 1826 Decades: 1790s 1800s 1810s - 1820s - 1830s 1840s 1850s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1823 in art 1823 in literature 1823 in science 1823 in music 1823 in sports List of state leaders in 1823 List of religious leaders in 1823... 1823 by Fraehn. Only in Years: 1920 is a This is a calendar for any leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC), e.g. 2004. January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 1 2... 1923 a manuscript was discovered by the Turkish scholar This article needs cleanup. Please edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. Zeki Validi Toğan (Bashkir Әхмәтзәки Вәлиди), (1890-1970), the leader of Bashkir revolutionary and liberation movement, historian, turkolog... Zeki Validi Togan in the library of the Persian art is conscious of a great past, and monumental in many respects. Richard Frye. (http://www.iran-heritage.org/interestgroups/frye.htm) Example of a modern Persian Miniature (http://www.iranchamber.com/art/articles/history_iranian_miniature.php) by a contemporary artist. Persia is the historical and alternative name... Persian city of Imam Reza Shrine Tomb of Nader Shah Afshar, a popular tourist attraction in Mashad. Mashhad (مشهد in Persian) is a city located 850 kilometers East of Tehran, Iran, and the center of the province of Khorasan. With a population of more than 2.5 million, Mashhad is... Mashhad. The manuscript MS 5229 is a 7th century Hijra (13th century) manuscript, 210 folia (420 pages), kept in Ridawiya Library, Mashhad. It was discovered in 1923 in Mashhad by Turkish scholar Ahmed Zeki Validi Togan. It contains a collection of medieval arab geographical treatises, most notably the 10th century account of Ibn... MS 5229 dates from the (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages. Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant... 13th century (7th cent. Hijra may refer to: Hijra (Hegira/Hijrah/Hejira) is an Arabic term referring to the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622. Hijra is a term for specific kind of sexual identification in Indian culture. Hejira is an album by Joni Mitchell, used in the sense... Hijra) and consists of 420 pages (210 folia). Besides other geographical treatises, it contains a fuller version of Ibn Fadlan's text (pp. 390-420). Additional passages not preserved in MS 5229 are quoted in the work of the (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. Contents // 1 Events 2 Significant people 3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 4 Decades and years Events Beginning of the Little Ice Age... 16th century Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. The terms can also refer to topics in: Contents // 1 Persian culture and history 2 Plants and animals named after... Persian A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of the physical environment and human habitat. Historically known as someone who makes maps, mapmaking is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography. The geographer is capable of studying not only the physical... geographer Amin Razi (Amīn Rāzī) 16th century persian geographer, author of an encyclopedia called haft iqlīm (seven climes) Categories: Stub ... Amin Razi called haft iqlīm (seven climes).

The Embassy

Ibn Fadlan was sent from A street map of Baghdad Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. It is the second largest city in Southwest Asia after Tehran, with the 2003 population estimated at 5,772,000. Situated on the Tigris River at 33°20 north and... Baghdad in Years: 917 918 919 920 - 921 - 922 923 924 925 Decades: 890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s Centuries: 9th century - 10th century - 11th century Events Embassy of Ahmad ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir. Births King... 921 to serve as the secretary to an ambassador from the ( The copyright status of this work is difficult or impossible to determine. The individual who uploaded this work and first used it in an article, and subsequent persons who place it into articles, assert that if this image is not copyrighted, then it is in the public domain, and that... Abbasid An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph ( This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Please see its description page there. To play the audio file do not click on the -image. Look for a Listen-link near this... Caliph Al-Muqtadir (d. 932) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 908 to 932. After the previous Caliph, al-Muktafi, was confined for several months to his sick-bed, intrigue was made for some time as to his successor. The choice was between al-Muktafis minor brother whom the... al-Muqtadir to the king of the Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th century - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css; @import /skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css; /**/ 7th century From Wikipedia ( (5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Contents // 1 Events... Volga Bulgaria, Almış.

The embassy's objective was to have the king of the Bulghars pay homage to the Caliph and in return to give the king money to pay for the construction of a fortress. The mission failed, because they were unable to collect the money intended for the king. They did reach the Bulghars, however, but the king, being annoyed at not receiving the promised sum, refused to switch from the This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of Islam Caliph · Shia Imam Companions of Muhammad Holy Cities Mecca · Medina · Jerusalem Najaf · Karbala · Kufa Kazimain · Mashhad · Samarra Events... Malekite rite to the This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of Islam Caliph · Shia Imam Companions of Muhammad Holy Cities Mecca · Medina · Jerusalem Najaf · Karbala · Kufa Kazimain · Mashhad · Samarra Events... Hanefite rite of Baghdad.

The embassy left Baghdad on June 21 Years: 917 918 919 920 - 921 - 922 923 924 925 Decades: 890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s Centuries: 9th century - 10th century - 11th century Events Embassy of Ahmad ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir. Births King... 921 (11 This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of Islam Caliph · Shia Imam Companions of Muhammad Holy Cities Mecca · Medina · Jerusalem Najaf · Karbala · Kufa Kazimain · Mashhad · Samarra Events... Safar 309). It reached the Bulghars after much hardship on May 12 Years: 918 919 920 921 - 922 - 923 924 925 926 Decades: 890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s Centuries: 9th century - 10th century - 11th century Events Births Deaths March 26 - Al-Hallaj, Sufi writer and teacher Categories: 922 ... 922 (12 This article forms part of the seriesIslam Vocabulary of Islam Five Pillars Profession of faith Prayer · Alms · Fasting Pilgrimage to Mecca Jihad (See Sixth pillar of Islam) People Muhammad Prophets of Islam Caliph · Shia Imam Companions of Muhammad Holy Cities Mecca · Medina · Jerusalem Najaf · Karbala · Kufa Kazimain · Mashhad · Samarra Events... Muharram 310) (This day is an official religious holiday in modern A new page based on the new template is being worked on at Tatarstan/Temp, please make any changes you want to make on that page. Tatarstan (Russian: Респу́блика Татарста́н; Tatar... Tatarstan). The journey took Ibn Fadlan from Baghdad to For other uses, see Bukhara (disambiguation). Bukhara (بُخارا in Persian, Buxoro or Бұхара in Uzbek; Бухара in Russian; also Boxara in Tatar) is one of the major cities of Uzbekistan, capital of the Bukhara region... Bukhara, to Khiva (alternative names include Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarezm, Khwarizm, Khwarazm, Chiwa and Chorezm) is a city in present day Uzbekistan, in the Province of Khorezm. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia. Old Entrance into Khiva History Khiva area is one of the old pillars of Iranian cultural activities and Iranian... Khwarizm (south of the The Aral Sea has now shriveled to well under half of the area it covered fifty years ago. The Aral Sea is an endorheic inland sea in Central Asia; it lies between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south. Since the 1960s, the... Aral Sea), to Jurjaniya (where his party spent the winter), north across the The Ural River (Russian: Урал, Urál [formerly: Яик, Yaik River], Kazakh: Жайық, Zhayyq) flows through Russia and Kazakhstan. It begins in the Ural Mountains and ends at the Caspian Sea. Its total length is 1,509 mi (2,428 km... Ural River until they reached the camp of the Bulghars at the three lakes of the Volga redirects here. For other uses, see The name Volga can refer to a number of different things: The Volga River (Волга, Rha, İtil, İdel) in western Russia is the longest river in Europe. Volga (automobiles) is the name of a Russian brand of... Volga (near modern This article is not about Samarra, which is in Iraq. Samara (Russian: Сама́ра), from 1935 to 1991—Kuybyshev (Russian: Ку́йбышев), is a major city situated on the Volga River in the southeastern part of European... Samara).

After arriving in Bolğar is a ruined capital (8th-15th century) of Volga Bulgaria in Tatarstan, Spas Rayon (Spassky District). Modern Bolğar town (since 18th century) is also capital of this district (near the ruins). Population - 8,000. Russians, Tatars (descendents of Bulgars). See more: Volga Bulgaria, Khanate of... Bolğar, Ahmad ibn Fadlan made a trip to Wisu (Isu) is a historical area in upper Kama, modern Perm Oblast of Russia. In 10-14th century this area was described by Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Al-Gharnati and others. In Russian chronicles of 12-16th century it is known as Great Perm. There is an information about Wisus... Wisu and recorded his observations of trade between the [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Crimean Khanate Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation Bulgaria, known today... Volga Bolgars and local Finnic tribes.

The Rus

A substantial part of Ibn Fadlan's account is dedicated to the description of a people he called the Rūs روس or Rūsiyyah. Most scholars identify them with the Rus′ or This article is part of the Scandinavia series Viking Age Ting Kalmar Union Denmark-Norway Sweden-Norway Monetary Union Defense union Languages Mountains Peninsula Varangian Viking History of Sweden History of Norway History of Denmark The Varangians or Variags were Vikings who travelled eastwards from Sweden and Norway. Promoting trade... Varangians, which would make Ibn Fadlan's account one of the earliest portrayals of For other uses, see Viking (disambiguation). This article is part of the Scandinavia series Viking Age Ting Kalmar Union Denmark-Norway Sweden-Norway Monetary Union Defense union Languages Mountains Peninsula Varangian Viking History of Sweden History of Norway History of Denmark The name Viking is a loan from the native... Vikings. However, the anti-Normanist scholar Pavel Dolukhanov claims that the description presents the mixture of This article is part of the Scandinavia series Viking Age Ting Kalmar Union Denmark-Norway Sweden-Norway Monetary Union Defense union Languages Mountains Peninsula Varangian Viking History of Sweden History of Norway History of Denmark For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). Scandinavia is the cultural and historic region of the... Scandinavian and [edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:History_of_Russia&action=edit)] History of Russia Early East Slavs Khazars Kievan Rus Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Muscovy Imperial Russia Revolution of 1905 Revolution of 1917 Civil War Soviet Union Russian Federation The Khazars were a Turkic... Khazarian traits, indicating either Ibn Fadlan's confusion of the two peoples or fluid intermixture of them occurring at the described time.

The Rūs appear as traders that set up shop on the river banks nearby the Bulghar camp. They are described as having the most perfect bodies, tall as palm-trees, with blond hair and ruddy skin. They are tatooed from neck to toe with tree patterns and other figures and all men are armed with an axe and a long knife.

Ibn Fadlan describes the hygiene of the Rūsiyyah as disgusting (while also noting with some astonishment that they comb their hair every day) and considers them vulgar and unsophisticated. In that, his impressions contradict to those of the Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. The terms can also refer to topics in: Contents // 1 Persian culture and history 2 Plants and animals named after... Persian traveler Ibn Rustah (in Persian: ابن رسته) was a 10th century Persian explorer and geographer born in Rosta district, Isfahan, Persia (See Encyclopaedia Iranica [1] (http://www.iranica.com/articlenavigation/index.html)). He wrote a geographical compendium. The information on his home town of Isfahan... Ibn Rustah. He also describes in great detail the funeral of one of their chieftains (a A ship burial or boat grave is a burial in which a ship or boat is used either as a container for the dead and for grave goods, or as part of the actual grave goods. If the ship is very small, it is called a boat grave. It was... ship burial involving Human sacrifice was practiced in many ancient For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). In general, it refers to human activity; different definitions of culture reflect different theories for understanding, or criteria for valuing, human... human sacrifice).

Fiction

Ibn Fadlan's account forms the basis of the novel Eaters of the Dead is a 1976 novel by Michael Crichton. Categories: Literature stubs | 1976 books ... Eaters of the Dead, by Dr. John Michael Crichton (born October 23, 1942) is an author and producer. His best-known works are science fiction: novels, films and television programs. His genre can be best described as techno-thriller which is usually the marriage of action and technical details. Many of his novels have medical... Michael Crichton (filmed as The 13th Warrior (1999) is an action film based on Michael Crichtons novel Eaters of the Dead, directed by Crichton with John McTiernan, and starring Antonio Banderas as Ahmed ibn Fahdlan (Aḩmad ibn Faḑlān) and Vladimir Kulich as Buliwyf (Beowulf). The frame story... The 13th Warrior, with Mask of Zorro cover Antonio Banderas (born August 10, Spanish actor born in Málaga. As a young man, he went penniless to Madrid to make a career in the Spanish film industry. He first gained wide attention through a series of films with director Pedro Almodóvar between 1982... Antonio Banderas as Ibn Fadlan) in which the Arab ambassador is taken even further north and is involved in adventures inspired by the Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. See IPA in Unicode if you have display problems. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language which was spoken in England around the year 1000. It is a... Old English epic The first page of Beowulf This article describes Beowulf, the epic poem. For the person Beowulf, see Beowulf (hero) For other uses, see Beowulf (disambiguation). Beowulf is a traditional heroic epic poem in Old English alliterative verse. At 3182 lines, it is far more substantial than any similar work in... Beowulf.

References

• Ch. M. Fraehn. Die ältesten arabischen Nachrichten über die Wolga-Bulgaren aus Ibn-Foszlan's Reiseberichte. – «Memoires de L'Academie Imper. des Sciences.», VI serie, 1823.
• Ibn Fadlan, Voyage chez les Bulgares de la Volga, trad. Marius Canard, Paris 1988.
• Collection of Geographical Works by Ibn al-Faqih, Ibn Fadlan, Abu Dulaf Al-Khazraji, ed. Fuat Sezgin, Frankfurt am Main, 1987.

External links

• Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 3 (2000) (http://www.uib.no/jais/content3.htm), containing "Ibn Fadlan and the Rūsiyyah", by James E. Montgomery, with an annotated translation of the part of the account pertaining to the Rus.
• Risala: Ibn Fadlan's Embassy to the King of Volga Bulgaria (http://www.megaone.com/nbulgaria/bulgaria/risala.htm)