An M2 Bradley Infantry fighting vehicle.

A Puma IFV of the German Army

An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV, also known as (mechanized) infantry combat vehicle, (M)ICV) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) used to carry infantry into battle and provide fire support for them. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (990x649, 124 KB) M2 Bradley IFV Source: National War College Military Image Collection for more information. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (990x649, 124 KB) M2 Bradley IFV Source: National War College Military Image Collection for more information. ... The M2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) and M3 Bradley CFV (Cavalry Fighting Vehicle) are American infantry fighting vehicles manufactured by BAE Systems Land and Armaments, (formerly United Defense, originally FMC). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1200x900, 137 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Puma (IFV) ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1200x900, 137 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Puma (IFV) ... The Puma is a German infantry fighting vehicle, currently under development. ... The German Army (German: [1], [IPA: heɐ]  ) is the land component of the Bundeswehr (Federal Defence Forces) of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by armour and armed with weapons. ... Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme in World War I Infantry or footmen are very highly disciplined and trained soldiers who fight primarily with small arms(rifles), but are trained to use everything from their bare hands to missle systems in order to neutralize...

Background

IFVs are similar to armoured personnel carriers (APCs), designed to transport five to ten infantrymen and their equipment. They are differentiated from APCs ("battle taxis") by their enhanced armament (allowing them to give direct-fire support during an assault), firing ports (allowing the infantry to fire personal weapons while mounted), and usually improved armour. They are typically armed with an autocannon of 20 to 40mm caliber, 7.62mm machine guns and possibly with ATGMs and/or surface-to-air missiles. IFVs are usually tracked, but some wheeled vehicles fall into this category, too. IFVs are generally much less heavily-armed and -armoured than main battle tanks (MBTs), but they sometimes carry missiles, such as the NATO TOW missile and Soviet Spigot which offer a significant threat to tanks. Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport infantry on the battlefield. ... Military vehicles are commonly armoured to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets or shells, protecting the soldiers inside from enemy fire. ... M242 Bushmaster autocannon on an M2 Bradley. ... An Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is a missile the primary purpose of which is to hit and destroy tanks. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... </nowiki> Rear sprocket of a Leclerc tank Track of a Leclerc tank U.S. M60 Patton tank. ... This article is about the armoured fighting vehicle. ... A TOW missile being fired from a Jeep. ... AT-4 Spigot team. ...

Although the M113 was designed as an APC, it was among the first to be used in the early 1960s as an IFV when South Vietnam ARVN troops fought while mounted against infantry which lacked effective antitank weapons. After the Battle of Ap Bac showed that the exposed machine gun was vulnerable to enemy fire, they were fitted with the ACAV armour kit which protected the main machine gun and added shields for two additional gunners. The M113 served in Vietnam as one of the most effective and widely used armored vehicles of that war, and remains in service today as a lighter and less expensive alternative to purpose built IFVs. The M113 is an armored personnel carrier family of vehicles in use with the US military and many other nations. ... The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ... Combatants Viet Cong South Vietnam United States Commanders unknown battalion commander Bui Dinh Dam John Paul Vann Strength 350 1,400 Casualties 18 dead 39 wounded 83 dead 108 wounded The Battle of Ap Bac was a small-scale action early in the Vietnam War that resulted in the first...

Western powers were surprised when the Soviet Union paraded the first purpose-designed IFV, the BMP-1, in 1967. The BMP possessed a very low profile and was armed with both a 73mm smoothbore gun and an AT-3 Sagger ATGM. Its steeply-sloped front armour offered partial protection against NATO's standard .50 calibre machine gun in a 60 degree frontal arc, while its smoothbore gun and ATGM were a threat to NATO APCs and even MBTs. It was not quite the breakthrough some would make it out to be, as in practice its performance was similar to the heavily-armed APCs which NATO countries had already begun to develop.^{[citation needed]} The BMP-1 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced in the early 1960s. ... AT-3A Sagger missile The AT-3 Sagger is the NATO reporting name for the 9M14 Malyutka (little or tiny baby) MCLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile of the Soviet Union. ... This article is about the . ...

Since then, all major military powers have developed or adopted IFVs. Examples include the German Marder and Puma, the Canadian LAV III, the British Warrior, the American M2 Bradley and the M1126 Stryker variant, the Spanish Pizarro, the Italian Dardo, the South African Ratel, the French AMX-10P, the Swedish Combat Vehicle 90 and the Dutch YPR-765 AIFV. Marder is a German infantry fighting vehicle operated by German Army from the 1960s through the present day. ... The Puma is a German infantry fighting vehicle, currently under development. ... The LAV III armoured vehicle (AV) is the latest (entering service in 1999) in General Motors light armoured vehicle (LAV) line. ... The FV510 Warrior tracked vehicle family, are a series of British armoured vehicles originally developed to replace the older FV430 series of armoured vehicles. ... The M2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) and M3 Bradley CFV (Cavalry Fighting Vehicle) are American infantry fighting vehicles manufactured by BAE Systems Land and Armaments, (formerly United Defense, originally FMC). ... General The Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV) provides protected transport and supporting fires for the infantry squad during dismounted assault. ... The ASCOD (Austrian Spanish Cooperation Development) AFV family is the product of a cooperation agreement between Austrian Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG (in 1998 the production of heavy armed vehicles was sold out under the name Steyr-Daimler-Puch Spezialfahrzeug, which is now the producer) and Spanish Santa Bárbara Sistemas. ... Three Bersaglieri ride their Dardo The Dardo is the new Infantry Fighting Vehicle of the Italian Army. ... The Ratel is the basic Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) of the South African National Defence Forces mechanized infantry battalions, and is named after an African animal known in English as the Honey Badger, which has a reputation as a ferocious fighter. ... The AMX 10 P is a French infantry fighting vehicle. ... The Combat Vehicle 90 (CV90) or Stridsfordon 90 (Strf 90) is a Swedish infantry fighting vehicle designed by Hägglunds/Bofors and currently produced by BAE Systems Hägglunds. ... The AIFV is a tracked light armoured vehicle which serves as an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) in the armies of several countries. ... The AIFV (Advanced Infantry Fighting Vehicle) is a tracked light armoured vehicle which serves as an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) in the armies of several countries. ...

Heavy infantry fighting vehicles

To cope with urban combat and mine warfare, including the use of large improvised explosive devices, there have been a number of heavy IFVs (HIFV) with the high protection level of a tank developed, based largely on experience of the Israel Defense Force (although the Canadian Kangaroo of World War II could be called the first). The Israeli Merkava tank is capable of carrying 10 infantrymen or extra ammunition in the back ^[1], and the Achzarit is a T-55 tank modified to be heavily armoured personnel carrier. A newer example is the Russian BTR-T, also based on the T-55. The Ukrainian BMT-72 and BTMP-84 are based on lengthened T-72 and T-84 main battle tanks, respectively, and retain the tanks' 125mm main guns. Munitions rigged for an IED discovered by Iraqi police in Baghdad, November 2005. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces (army, air force and navy). ... Kangaroo personnel carrier A Kangaroo was a World War II British or Commonwealth armoured personnel carrier, created by conversion of a tank chassis. ... // The Merkava (Hebrew:  , Chariot) is the main battle tank of the Israel Defense Forces. ... The Achzarit (אכזרית) is a heavily armored armored personnel carrier/Infantry fighting vehicle manufactured by the Israeli Defence Forces. ... The BTR-T (Russian: Bronetransporter-Tyazhelyy, ‘Armoured Transporter–Heavy’) is a Russian heavy infantry combat vehicle, designed by the Design Bureau of Transport Machine-Building (Omsk Transmash) state-run production association. ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... The T-84 Main Battle Tank is a Ukrainian development of the Soviet T-80 main battle tank, first built in 1994 and entered service in the Ukrainian Armed Forces in 1999. ...

Doctrine

In times of asymmetrical warfare, local crises, and urban combat zones, the IFV is more important than ever. The IFV offers a viable compromise between mobility, protection, and firepower. They can be used in high and low intensity conflicts as well as peacekeeping operations. The latest vehicles, like the Patria AMV, have been designed with an emphasis on modularity that improves their ability to be repaired in the field.

Most IFVs are amphibious and air transportable. Wheeled IFVs can travel great distances on their own without needing to be transported by flat-bed trucks and railway like tracked IFVs. Tracked IFVs need to have their treads serviced or replaced on a regular basis. The tracks themselves and the weight of the IFVs tend to be tough on road surfaces, wearing them down more quickly than a wheeled IFV. Consequently, wheeled IFVs have greater mobility. Moreover, many wheeled IFVs can extract themselves from a battlefield even on flat tires. A tracked IFV would require a heavy vehicle to tow it out of the same situation. However, tracks cannot be punctured like a tire, they offer greater off-road mobility and greater maneuverability than wheels. An amphibious vehicle is a vehicle or craft, that is a means of transport, viable on land as well as on water - just like an amphibian. ...

Infantry fighting vehicle components

Armour and countermeasures

Generally, IFVs have thinner and less complex armour than tanks to ensure mobility. Most IFVs are proof against heavy machine guns, artillery fragments, and small arms. It should be noted that the IFV's mission does not include anti-tank duties except in emergencies or in support of tank units, therefore it needs less protection from heavy weapons fire. Instead, the IFV, as its name implies, is supposed to carry riflemen and their weapons into the battlefield where they dismount and fight outside the vehicle with the support of the IFV's main armament.

In IFVs, the thickness of armour varies widely between models. Some vehicles are proof against nothing larger than 12.7mm projectiles while others, such as Sweden's CV90, can withstand frontal hits from 30mm autocannon. The sides, roof, and floors of IFVs have thinner armour. Vehicles must also protect crew against anti-personnel mines and against anti-tank mines.

Newer vehicles like the Finnish Patria AMV uses armour made in interchangeable modules of various thickness. This permits the vehicle to be tailored for particular missions such as decreasing the weight of vehicle for air transportation or strengthening the protection if it engages in dangerous missions. The latest models of the Russian BMP-3 use the Arena active protection system (APS) that protects the vehicle from guided and unguided missiles with velocities from 70 to 700 metres per second. Israeli IFVs will soon employ the "Iron Fist" APS which can defeat kinetic APFSDS tank rounds.

The most common counter measures are smoke grenade dischargers. These help IFVs to avoid a hits from ATGMs by allowing the IFV to hide behind a smoke screen. Some vehicles, such as the French VBCI, employ infra-red jamming flare dispensers. These are effective against missiles with IR guidance systems.

Main armament

The primary weapon on most IFVs is an autocannon, usually of a calibre between 20 and 40mm. It is effective against a wide range of targets such as unarmoured and lightly armoured vehicles, infantry, helicopters and low-flying aircraft. It can fire several types of munitions, including high explosive, incendiary, and kinetic penetrator rounds. Germany's Puma (IFV) can fire air burst munition (ABM), that contain hundreds of tungsten rods that are effective against vehicles, helicopters, and stationary strong points. IFV cannons can elevate their barrels by as much as 70 degrees to permit their crews to engage aircraft. The Puma is a German infantry fighting vehicle, currently under development. ...

Machine guns

On all IFVs, a coaxial machine gun is mounted on the turret along with the main armament^{[citation needed]}. The most common calibre is 7.62mm. Some vehicles mount more machine guns, for example on the German Marder, one machine gun fires from the rear of the vehicle. Coaxially mounted weapons refer to those weapon systems that are mounted coaxially, side-by-side, with the main weapon system. ...

Missiles

Some IFVs are equipped with anti-tank guided missiles. These missiles are mostly medium range (2000-4000 m). Others carry surface-to-air missiles or a combination of the two, such as the 2T Stalker.

Grenade launchers

Some new vehicles, such as the Puma, come equipped with 30, 40 or 76 mm grenade launchers. All IFVs also have smoke grenade dischargers for concealment. The Puma is a German infantry fighting vehicle, currently under development. ...

Notes

See also

• Armoured warfare
• Armoured personnel carrier
• List of AFVs
• List of modern armoured fighting vehicles