NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Internet radio

Internet radio (aka e-Radio) is an audio broadcasting service transmitted via the Internet. Broadcasting on the Internet is usually referred to as webcasting since it is not transmitted broadly through wireless means but is delivered over the World Wide Web. The term "e-Radio" suggests a streaming medium that presents listeners with a continuous stream of audio to which they have no control much like traditional broadcast media. It is not synonymous with podcasting which involves downloading. Nor does e-Radio suggest "on-demand" file serving. Many Internet "radio stations" are associated with a corresponding traditional "terrestrial" radio station or radio network. Internet-only radio stations are usually independent of such associations. Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ... The word webcast is derived from web and broadcast. Its use has varied since the early-mid 1990s as the nature of the medium came into public use. ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. ... Streaming media is multimedia that is continuously received by, and normally displayed to, the end-user while it is being delivered by the provider. ... A podcast is a digital media file, or a series of such files, that is distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers. ... This article is about the computer terms. ... A radio network is a network system which distributes programming to multiple stations simultaneously, or slightly delayed, for the purpose of extending total coverage beyond the limits of a single broadcast signal. ...

Internet radio "stations" are usually accessible from anywhere in the world—for example, to listen to an Australian station from Europe or America. This makes it a popular service for expatriates and for listeners with interests not adequately served by local radio stations (such as progressive rock, anime themed music, classical music, 24-hour stand up comedy, and others). Some Internet radio services offer news, sports, talkback, and various genres of music—everything that is on the radio station being simulcast over the internet with a netcast stream. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere historically considered to consist of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... For the band, see Expatriate (band). ... For the Swedish political music movement, see progg. ... This article is about Western art music from 1000 AD to the 2000s . ...

Internet radio technology

Streaming

One of the most common ways to distribute internet radio is via streaming technology using a lossy audio codec. The MP3 format is most popular, followed by Ogg Vorbis, Windows Media Audio, and RealAudio; use of HE-AAC (sometimes called aacPlus) is gaining in popularity. The bits are "streamed" (transported) over the network in TCP or UDP packets, then reassembled and played within about 2-10 seconds, depending on server characteristics. This delay is referred to as lag time. Streaming media is multimedia that is continuously received by, and normally displayed to, the end-user while it is being delivered by the provider. ... A lossy data compression method is one where compressing data and then decompressing it retrieves data that may well be different from the original, but is close enough to be useful in some way. ... An audio codec is a computer program that compresses/decompresses digital audio data according to a given audio file format or streaming audio format. ... For other uses, see MP3 (disambiguation). ... Vorbis is an open source, lossy audio codec project headed by the Xiph. ... Windows Media Audio (WMA) is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft. ... RealAudio is a proprietary audio format developed by RealNetworks. ... High Efficiency AAC (HE-AAC) is a lossy data compression scheme for digital audio. ... MPEG-4 Part 3 (formally ISO/ IEC 14496-3) is, as the name suggests, the third part of the ISO/ IEC MPEG-4 international standard. ... This article is about the unit of information. ... The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ... User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. ... A packet is the fundamental unit of information carriage in all modern computer networks. ... For other uses, see Lag (disambiguation). ...

In information technology, a server is an application or device that performs services for connected clients as part of a client-server architecture. ...

Creating a stream

There are many methods for creating the audio stream source. Those include Ogg Vorbis streamings that can be P2P clients. A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ...

History

The first Internet "radio station", Internet Talk Radio, was developed by Carl Malamud in 1993, using a technology called MBONE (IP Multicast Backbone on the Internet). Later that year, Austin Arts BBS began providing (later netcasting) Screenprinters Radio, pre-recorded interviews, stories, tips and tricks and music for members of the Austin, Texas screenprinting BBS, founded in 1983 by Bill Hood. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Carl Malamud ( Born: 1959 ) is a leading force in getting government data online and in creating public works for the Internet. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Mbone (short for multicast backbone) is an experimental backbone for IP Multicast traffic across the Internet. ... The Austin Arts BBS was developed by Bill Hood of the School of Screenprinting. ... Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. ... Screen-printing, also known as silkscreening or serigraphy, is a printmaking technique that creates a sharp-edged single-color image using a stencil and a porous fabric. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

WXYC (89.3 FM Chapel Hill, NC USA) was the first radio station to announce broadcasting on the Internet on November 7, 1994. WXYC used an FM radio connected to a system at SunSite, later known as Ibiblio, running Cornell's CU-SeeMe software. WXYC had begun test broadcasts and bandwidth testing as early as August, 1994. WREK (91.1FM, Atlanta, GA USA) also claims to have started streaming on November 7^[1], with no outside help and using their own custom software called CyberRadio1, although that was their beta launch date and the stream was not advertised until a later date. WXYC is the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. ... In telecommunications, frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its frequency. ... Nickname: Location in North Carolina Coordinates: , Country State Counties Orange, Durham, and Chatham Founded 1793 Government - Mayor Kevin C. Foy Area - City 19. ... Official language(s) English Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area Ranked 28th - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 kmÂ²) - Width 150 miles (240 km) - Length 560[1] miles (900 km) - % water 9. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... ibiblio (formerly SunSITE and MetaLab) is a collection of collections, and hosts a diverse range of publicly available information and open source software. ... CU-SeeMe is an internet video-conferencing client written by students at Cornell University. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... Official language(s) English Capital Atlanta Largest city Atlanta Largest metro area Atlanta metro area Area Ranked 24th - Total 59,411 sq mi (154,077 kmÂ²) - Width 230 miles (370 km) - Length 298 miles (480 km) - % water 2. ...

In 1994, the Voice of America became the first broadcast news organization to offer continuously updated programming on the Internet ^[2]. Voice of America logo Voice of America (VOA), is the official external radio and television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. ...

KJHK 90.7FM in Lawrence, Kansas, began to stream its live broadcast using CU-SeeMe on December 3, 1994. KJHK was the first radio station to maintain a continuous, live signal over the Internet. This has been verified by the National Association of Broadcasters, Sports Illustrated, and CNN. KJHK 90. ... Lawrence is a river city in and the seat of Douglas County, Kansas, United States, 41 miles (66 km) west of Kansas City, along the banks of both the Kansas (Kaw) and Wakarusa Rivers. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... CU-SeeMe is an internet video-conferencing client written by students at Cornell University. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a US trade association that advocates on behalf of over 8,300 radio and television stations and networks before Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and various judicial bodies. ... The first issue of Sports Illustrated, August 16, 1954, showing Milwaukee Braves star Eddie Mathews at bat in Milwaukee County Stadium. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...

In 1994, Radio Television Hong Kong, RTHK, the free-to-air Hong Kong Government Public Broadcaster began streaming all radio programs on the Internet. [8] Official website Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... The logo of RTHK Radio Television Hong Kong (abbreviation: RTHK; Chinese: é¦™æ¸¯é›»å°; Cantonese IPA: , Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 din6 toi4, Yale: hÄ“ung gÃ³ng dihn tÃ²ih; Mandarin Pinyin: ) is a broadcasting organisation in Hong Kong that is operated as an independent department in the government under the Broadcasting Authority. ... Television Programs RTHK produces public affairs television programs which are broadcast by Hong Kongs three commercial television channels, TVB, ATV and Cable TV. These programmes include Hong Kong Connection (鏗鏘集), A Week in Politics (議事論事), Media Watch (傳媒春秋) and Police Magazine...

In February, 1995, the first full-time, Internet-only radio station, Radio HK, began broadcasting the music of independent bands. Radio HK was created by Norman Hajjar and the Hajjar/Kaufman New Media Lab, an advertising agency in Marina del Rey, California. Hajjar's method was to use a CU-SeeMe web conferencing reflector connected to a custom created audio CD in endless loop. Later, Radio HK converted to one of the original RealAudio servers. Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Marina del Rey (Spanish for Navy of the King, or Seacoast of the King) is a census-designated place seaside community located in an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County, California, United States. ... CU-SeeMe is an internet video-conferencing client written by students at Cornell University. ... CD may stand for: Compact Disc Canadian Forces Decoration Cash Dispenser (at least used in Japan) CD LPMud Driver Centrum-Demokraterne (Centre Democrats of Denmark) Certificate of Deposit ÄŒeskÃ© DrÃ¡hy (Czech Railways) Chad (NATO country code) Chalmers DatorfÃ¶rening (computer club of the Chalmers University of Technology) a 1960s...

KPIG also began to transmit a live, 24/7 feed, in August 1995, first using Xing Streamworks and later switching to RealAudio. Bill Goldsmith, who was KPIG's Operations Manager & morning DJ at the time, and the one responsible for starting the webcast, now operates the popular Internet station Radio Paradise. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Xing Streamworks was the first viable software solution for transmitting live audio over the public (non-M-BONE) Internet. ... Radio Paradise is a popular Internet radio station that defines itself as eclectic online rock radio. The channel differs from most FM channels and other Internet stations in that the music played is not limited to any specific genre but instead represents great variety. ...

Netradio (Net.radio, NetRadio, NetRadio Network) founded by Scott Bourne and radio veteran Scot Combs in 1994. Netradio began the first all internet radio network using RealAudio 1.0 in November of 1995. Starting out with four formats and expanding to more than a dozen two years after. The radio network became so popular it was included as a preset in RealAudio (aka RealMedia) 2.0+ players. NetRadio was the first Internet Radio network to receive an experimental license from ASCAP which later became a standard license for all online radio stations. In July of 1996, NetRadio accomplished another first by offering the first weekly live internet only concert series^[3] hosted by NetRadio Webmaster Nathan Wright. NetRadio (Net. ... The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) is an organization known as a collecting society that protects intellectual property, ensuring that music which is broadcast, commercially recorded, or otherwise used for profit, pays a fee to compensate the creators of that music. ...

HardRadio The first .com Internet-only radio station debuted on New Year's Eve 1995 at HardRadio.com with its hard rock and heavy metal format utilizing Xing Streamworks technology. HardRadio.com remains the oldest surviving internet-only radio station. During its history, HardRadio.com was the first internet-only radio station licensed by both ASCAP and BMI, the first internet-only radio station with broadcast trade journal playlist reporting status, the first internet-only radio station serviced by the recording labels, the first internet-only radio station to feature world premieres of new artist releases, and the first internet-only radio station featured in Radio & Records Magazine.

WUEV launched its live simulcast in January 1996, also using the Xing Streamworks technology at first, then adding RealAudio and moving from the Xing platform to Windows Media Technologies as equipment (and budget sizes) changed. WUEV is an FM Radio station in Evansville, Indiana located at 91. ...

The first radio station to stream 24-hours a day in Europe was the UK's Virgin Radio, who started streaming a live simulcast using Real Networks in March 1996. Virgin Radio, originally known as Virgin 1215, is one of the UKs three Independent National Radio stations. ...

Tuning in to a broadcast like a traditional radio is not possible on internet, so finding different broadcasts has to be done with a search engine or a website that collects on-line radio broadcasts. A search engine is an information retrieval system designed to help find information stored on a computer system. ...

In 1996 GBS Radio Networks, founded by radio veteran Guy W. Giuliano, was one of the first to launch an internet radio programming service. The firm syndicated two commercial formats, hip-hop station BombRadio, and hard rock format LoudRadio. In 1998, GBS was purchased by Kent Kiefer's eMusic corporation in a highly publicized cash and stock deal. In 1999, LoudRadio.com became the first online radio station to be syndicated on a commercial broadcast station via KLOD-FM in Flagstaff, AZ. LoudRadio was an Active/Hard Rock radio network which broadcasted from 1997 to 2001. ... EMusic is an online music store that operates by subscription. ... KVNA-FM is a commercial Adult Contemporary music radio station in Flagstaff, Arizona on 100. ...

In 1997 the first women's internet radio channel was created and broadcast as Amazon City Radio from the community and business portal amazoncity.com.

All India Radio started live on the internet service on 25th february,1998.millions of the listeners were able to listen AIR programmes.

On November 13,1998, Australia's first internet radio station NetFM commenced broadcasting using Real Audio format then transferring to Windows Media Format in 1999. NetFM's first show was "The Vinyl Lounge" which has been netcasting continuously until the present day making it the longest running internet radio show in the world.

In 1999, one of the first University/College stations to operate was in Antigonish, Nova Scotia at St. Francis Xavier University CFXU. Antigonish is a Canadian town in north-eastern Nova Scotia, just west of Cape Breton. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 11 Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... St. ... CFXU, branded as the Fox, is a radio station broadcasting at 92. ...

In 1999 Scour.com released the Mycaster software tool and website, that allowed users to simply operate their own internet radio stations. The MyCaster MP3 player (like Winamp) streamed the user's local music files to the Mycaster.com website which listed the stream and reflected it to listeners using webbrowsers or local stream-playing software ^[4]. MyCaster succumbed during the dot com bust, shutting down in May, 2001^[5]. Scour Inc. ... Winamp is a proprietary media player written by Nullsoft, now a subsidiary of Time Warner. ... For other uses, see May (disambiguation). ...

Peercasting uses P2P technology. Its requirement of communicating a URI before transmission and the lack of a centralized repository of such addresses reduced peercasting's widespread adoption. Peercasting is a method of multicasting streams, usually audio and/or video, to the internet via peer-to-peer technology. ... A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ... A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), is a compact string of characters used to identify or name a resource. ...

Mercora IMRadio, a combination of social networking and Internet radio, streams music in the Ogg Vorbis format. Mercora allows users to webcast music and pays royalties to the copyright collectives such as ASCAP, BMI, SESAC, and SoundExchange. This article is about the music network; for the fictional species, see Mercora (Animorphs). ... Not to be confused with social network services such as MySpace, etc. ... A webcast is a live media file distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology. ... A copyright collective (also known as a copyright collecting agency or collecting society) is a body created by private agreements or by copyright law that collects royalty payments from various individuals and groups for copyright holders. ... The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) is an organization known as a collecting society that protects copyright, ensuring that music which is broadcast, commercially recorded, or otherwise used for profit, pays a fee to compensate the creators of that music. ... Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) is a collecting society that protects composers intellectual property in the communications business, especially radio. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

RadioVague, in 2003, acquired a transportable satellite internet broadcast system and started broadcasting live shows from events and music festivals around Europe using only free and open source software, broadcasting in OGG/Vorbis format using Icecast and Icecast2 servers, their first event being the February 15, 2003 anti-war protest. Since then they have extended their distribution platform to allow both traditional FM radio stations and other internet radio stations to achieve a global audience. February 15, 2003 was a global day of protests against the imminent invasion of Iraq. ...

In 2004, one of the more popular torrent websites, SuprNova, partnered with an amateur internet radio group and formed SuprNova Radio.^[6] The radio station was operated by an amateur DJ staff, which usually consisted of converted listeners, who worked on a voluntary basis. Much of the content played on the station was gathered from pirated material. Look up torrent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Suprnova. ...

2006 World's first Malayalam Internet radio for Malayalees all over the world Radio Dum Dum started from Kerala. Radio Dum Dum is first of its kind. Its unique desktop standalone player is designed by a team of young developers in association with bruhi. It caters the thirst for malayale music lovers all over the world.

In the end of 2006 Radio Art http://www.radioart.gr, the first non profit internet station started broadcasting live from Athens it is also the first internet music station that plays music based on poetry.

2007 Internet Radio makes further strides in becoming a viable mobile option, as DHTML code specifically created for Windows Mobile Internet Explorer is made available ^[7] . This code allows others to create their own Mobile Internet Explorer website, so that they may enjoy Internet Radio through their Windows Mobile Phones via Internet Explorer.

Business models

Most on-air stations broadcast the same commercial advertisements on their internet radio players. The costs of royalties and delivery are covered by the advertiser's payment to the station.

Others which have no advertisements, like the BBC, simply send out their stream. The BBC is funded by a Television license, paid by UK television viewers. It is currently looking at methods of charging international users of its content through its commercial arm, BBC Worldwide^[8]. For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... A television licence is an official licence required in some countries for all owners of a television receiver. ...

Other stations and shows charge a subscription monthly fee or a direct per-program fee for the internet radio broadcast.

Some companies like Sonicbox operated as aggregators and attempted to fund their operation by inserting advertising in the streams they aggregated. Sonicbox (later renamed to iM-networks) cooperated with the Philips Audio business group in Sunnyvale to bring Internet radio to consumer electronics devices such as Philips' Streamium line. Categories: Pages on votes for deletion | Stub ...

2006 commercial licensing changes in the UK

In 2006, Phonographic Performance Limited in the UK informed broadcasters that it could only provide stations with licences to broadcast to listeners in the UK. From April 1, 2006, the streams of all independent internet radio stations were restricted so that they could only be listened to from within the UK. This deprived many overseas fans of popular stations such as Classic FM and Capital Radio from listening to their favourite radio programmes.^[9] is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Classic FM is the United Kingdoms first national commercial radio station, broadcasting classical music in a popular and accessible style. ... This article is about the British radio station. ...

2007 copyright royalty changes in the United States

On May 1, 2007, the United States Copyright Royalty Board approved a rate increase in the royalties payable to performers of recorded works broadcast on the internet. This was the result of a two year proceeding, with dozens of witnesses and hundreds of documents from over twenty different parties, including (but not limited to) large webcasters, small webcasters, NPR, college stations, and SoundExchange. The CRB was privy to private financial records and business models of the webcasters, and after reviewing the evidence and testimony, issued their decision on May 1 ,2007 (which is currently under appeal). The rates include a minimum fee of $500 (U.S.) per year, per channel, with escalating fees for each song played. The decision is retroactive, so for 2006 the applicable fee would be $0.0008 per performance. Since the inception of rates in 1998, the webcaster has been charged on a per performance basis. A performance is defined as streaming one song to one listener, a webcaster with 10,000 listeners would pay 10,000 times the going rate for every streamed song. The fee increases in increments each year, which amounts to $0.0019 per song by 2010."^[10] If enforced, this decision will undermine the business models of many Internet radio stations, which had previously relied on the rate of $0.000768 per song that had been unchanged from 1998-2005.^[11] These rules were scheduled to go into effect on May 1, 2007, with the first due date being July 15, 2007, and apply retroactively to January 1, 2006. is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Copyright Royalty Board is a system of three Copyright Royalty Judges who determine rates and terms for copyright statutory licenses and make determinations on distribution of statutory license royalties collected by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

According to a report by Club Net Radio released in March 2007, under the new rates, annual fees for all station owners are projected to reach $2.3 billion by 2008. This figure is more than four times that for terrestrial radio broadcasters who, due to terms set forth in the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act, are exempt from the additional royalties imposed on digital broadcasting outlets, which compensate the performers and "copyright owners" of recorded works. Both terrestrial radio and Internet/digital radio broadcasters are responsible for royalties collected by performance rights organizations (ASCAP, BMI, SESAC) on behalf of the composers of recorded works. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a United States copyright law which implements two 1996 WIPO treaties. ...

Many performers of recorded works have voiced their opposition to the Copyright Royalty Board's rate increases, fearing that the rate increases would cripple the internet broadcasters that have given them valuable exposure. Many others have voiced their support for the rate increases, which have been flat since 1998. Some have proposed moving Internet broadcasts to foreign jurisdictions where US royalties do not apply. "For example, Mercora, a service that allows individuals to launch their own webcasts, has established a Canadian site that they believe falls outside U.S. regulatory and royalty rules."^[10]^[12] Business leaders fear that the royalty change would simply move the majority of the industry to Canada where royalty rates are equivalent to radio, though any transmission occurring in the U.S. would be subject to U.S. Copyright laws. The Copyright Royalty Board is a system of three Copyright Royalty Judges who determine rates and terms for copyright statutory licenses and make determinations on distribution of statutory license royalties collected by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress. ... This article is about the music network; for the fictional species, see Mercora (Animorphs). ...

On 26 April 2007, the Internet Radio Equality Act (HR 2060) was proposed to reverse the CRB's decision.^[13] This bill was introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Congressmen Jay Inslee (D-WA) and Donald Manzullo (R-IL). Its Senate counterpart was introduced on 10 May 2007 by Senators Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and Sam Brownback (R-Kansas). As of June 25 the legislation has over 100 Congressional co-sponsors. is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Internet Radio Equality Act, originally introduced as H.R. 2060, is proposed legislation to nullify the March 2, 2007, determination of the Copyright Royalty Board modifying the current web casted radio royalties and fees retroactively to January 1, 2006. ... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... First Congressional District of Washington Jay Robert Inslee (born February 9, 1951) is an American politician, currently serving as U.S. Representative from Washingtons First Congressional District (north of Seattle, including parts of King, Snohomish, and Kitsap counties). ... Donald A. Manzullo (born March 24, 1944), American politician, has been a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives since 1993, representing the 16th District of Illinois. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Ronald Lee Wyden (born May 3, 1949) to German American parents, is Oregons senior United States Senator. ... Samuel Dale Brownback (b. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Day of Silence

US Internet broadcasters organized a nationwide coalition to oppose the rate hike and in support of the Internet Radio Equality Act. On June 26, many of them participated in a "Day of Silence" — either shutting off their audio streams entirely, or replacing their streams with static, ocean sounds or other ambience, interspersed with brief public service announcements — to dramatize the consequences of the impending rate hike. is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A public service announcement (PSA) or community service announcement (CSA) is a non-commercial advertisement typically on radio or television, ostensibly broadcast for the public good. ...

Rhapsody, SomaFM, Live365, MTV, Pandora, RauteMusik.FM, SHOUTcast and Digitally Imported were among the participants in the Day of Silence. Last.FM and Slacker did not participate, saying that they did not want to punish their listeners for the station's problems.^[14] Supporters of the increase in royalty rates, however, point to the fact that CBS recently purchased Last.FM for 280 million dollars, ^[15] and if internet radio is to build businesses off of the product of recordings, the performers and owners of those recordings should receive fair compensation. They also point to the fact that the rates were flat from 1998 through 2005 (see above), without even being increased to reflect cost-of-living increases. Rhapsody is an online music service run by RealNetworks. ... SomaFM is a listener-supported non-commercial Internet-only streaming music station, broadcast out of Rusty Hodges garage in the Bernal Heights neighborhood of San Francisco, California. ... Live365 is an Internet radio web site where members can create their own online radio station or listen to other Live365 broadcasters online stations. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... For other uses, see Pandora (disambiguation). ... The official logo of RauteMusik. ... SHOUTcast is a multiplatform freeware digital audio streaming technology developed by Nullsoft. ... Digitally Imported (DI.fm) is a Jewish-owned multi-channel Internet radio service specializing in electronic dance music genres. ... Last. ... Slacker is an Internet radio service competing with established Internet Radio services like Pandora (music_service), Live365, LAUNCHcast, Last. ...

Recent SoundExchange Developments

SoundExchange recently came to an agreement with certain large webcasters regarding the minimum fees that were modified by the recent determination of the Copyright Royalty Board on May 1, 2007. While the CRB decision imposed a $500 per station or channel minimum fee for all webcasters, certain webcasters represented through DiMA negotiated a $50,000 "cap" on those fees with SoundExchange.^[16] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

SoundExchange also recently offered alternative rates and terms to certain eligible small webcasters, that allows them to calculate their royalties as a percentage of their revenue or expenses, instead of at a per performance rate.^[17]

Contents

Internet radio technology

Streaming

Creating a stream

History

Business models

2006 commercial licensing changes in the UK

2007 copyright royalty changes in the United States

Day of Silence

Recent SoundExchange Developments

See also

References

Bibliography

Contents

Internet radio technology var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Streaming

Creating a stream

History

Business models

2006 commercial licensing changes in the UK

2007 copyright royalty changes in the United States

Day of Silence

Recent SoundExchange Developments

See also

References

Bibliography

Internet radio technology