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The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe. It is kept in the Cathedral of Monza near Milan, the capital of modern Lombardy. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ...
Façade. ...
For the village of the same name in Ontario, Canada, see Lombardy, Ontario. ...
Antiquity
 Iron Crown of Lombardy, kept in the Cathedral of Monza. The Iron Crown is so called from a narrow band of iron about one centimeter (three-eighths of an inch) within it, said to be beaten out of one of the nails used at the crucifixion. According to tradition, the nail was first given to Emperor Constantine I by his mother Helena, who discovered the cross. Image File history File links Iron Crown of Lombardy File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Iron Crown of Lombardy File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Relics that are claimed to be the Holy Nails with which Christ was crucified are objects of veneration among some Christians. ...
Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on...
Flavia Iulia Helena, also known as Saint Helena, Saint Helen, Helena Augusta or Helena of Constantinople (ca. ...
How it fell into the hands of the Lombard kings, Germanic conquerors of northern Italy, is not well explained. Theodolina, the queen of Lombards, in many legends is said to have been involved in its discovery. The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, whence comes the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe that entered the late Roman Empire. ...
Human migration denotes any movement of groups of people from one locality to another, rather than of individual wanderers. ...
Northern Italy comprises of two areas belonging to NUTS level 1: North-West (Nord-Ovest): Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria North-East (Nord-Est): Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Emilia-Romagna Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Aosta Valley are regions with a...
Some scholars posit that there were, in fact, many nails being circulated at the time. Almost thirty European countries lay claim to a holy nail [1]. Constantinople seems to have made liberal use of them: "Empress Helena, who seems to have spent much of her reign locating holy relics, once cast a nail from the Holy Cross into the sea to calm a storm. Another was fitted to the head of a statue of the Emperor Constantine, while a third was incorporated into his helmet [2]." A fourth nail was melted down and molded into a bit for his horse.
In how the nail in the Iron Crown in particular reached the Lombards: "Constantine also understood the value of these objects in diplomacy [3]." Several were sent off to various dignitaries, one of whom was Princess Theodolina. "She used her nail as part of her crown, the famous Iron Crown of Lombardy [4]." She later donated the crown to the Italian church at Monza in 628, where it is preserved as a holy relic. It was later used in Charlemagne's coronation. The crown became one of the symbols of the Kingdom of Lombards and later of the medieval Kingdom of Italy. Charlemagne (left) and Pippin the Hunchback. ...
The medieval Kingdom of Italy was a state originally comprising the northern two thirds of Italy, which formed from the break-up of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century. ...
The outer circlet of the crown is of six gold and enamel segments of beaten gold, joined together by hinges and set with precious stones that stand out in relief, in the form of crosses and flowers. Its small size and hinged construction have suggested to some that it was originally a large armlet or perhaps a votive crown. Probably the little size of the crown was caused by a readjustment after the loss of two segments, as proven in historical documents.
Medieval uses From the 9th to the 19th century, the Kings of Italy were also the Holy Roman Emperors, so many of them received the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia, the formal capital of the Kingdom. Famous emperors such as Charlemagne, Otto I, Henry IV, and Frederick I Barbarossa were crowned with it. As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was the century that lasted from 801 to 900. ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The medieval Kingdom of Italy was a state originally comprising the northern two thirds of Italy, which formed from the break-up of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century. ...
For the municipality in the Philippines, see Pavia, Iloilo. ...
Charlemagne (left) and Pippin the Hunchback. ...
For others with the same name, see Otto I (disambiguation). ...
Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084, until his forced abdication in 1105. ...
Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I Hohenstaufen (1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ...
On March 1, 1026, Heribert, the archbishop of Milan, was crowned Emperor Conrad II at Milan instead of Pavia. is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events Archbishop Ariberto crowns Conrad II King of Italy in Milan. ...
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ...
Conrad II (c. ...
Modern uses On May 26, 1805, Napoleon Bonaparte had himself crowned King of Italy at Milan, with suitable splendor and magnificence. Seated upon a superb throne, he was invested with the usual insignia of royalty by the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan, and ascending the altar, he took the iron crown, and placing it on his head, exclaimed, being part of the ceremony used at the enthronement of the Lombard kings, Dieu me la donne, gare à qui la touche – "God gives it to me, beware those who touch it". Cathedral of Monza, Italy. ...
Cathedral of Monza, Italy. ...
The Lambro River runs through Monza. ...
is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from...
King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers after the fall of the Roman Empire. ...
For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ...
On the occasion, Napoleon founded the Order of the Iron Crown, on June 15, 1805. After Napoleon's fall and the annexation of Lombardy to Austria, the order was re-instituted by the Austrian Emperor Francis I, on January 1, 1816. The Imperial Order of the Iron Crown was established June 5, 1805 by Napoleon Bonaparte (under his title of King Napoleon I of Italy). ...
is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Francis II Francis I Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who may also be referred to as Francis von Habsburg or Emperor Franz I of Austria (February 12, 1768 - March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded. ...
is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Emperor Ferdinand I was crowned King of Lombardy and Venetia in Milan on September 6, 1838, using the Iron Crown. Emperor Ferdinand Ferdinand I Karl Leopold Joseph Franz Marchlin Emperor of Austria King of Hungary and Bohemia (April 19, 1793 – June 29, 1875) succeeded his father (Franz II Holy Roman Emperor/Franz I of Austria) as Emperor and King in 1835 and was forced to abdicate in 1848. ...
The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (Italian: ; German: ) (1815 - 1866) was established after the defeat of Napoleon, according to the decisions of the Congress of Vienna (9 June 1815). ...
is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
| Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
After the war between Austria and Italy, when the Austrians had to withdraw from Lombardy in 1859, the Iron Crown was moved to Vienna, where it remained until 1866 when it was given back to Italy after the Third Italian War of Independence. Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ...
1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
The Third Italian War of Independence was a conflict which paralleled the Austro-Prussian War, and was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire. ...
A surprising image of the Iron Crown figures in Chaper 37 "Sunset" of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick. The brief chapter is devoted to Captain Ahab's soliloquy. Among his delusions of persecution and of grandeur, he imagines himself crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. ...
Moby-Dick book cover Moby-Dick - the official title of the first edition - is a novel by Herman Melville. ...
Italian film La corona di ferro (1935), directed by Blassetti, tales a fantastic story about the arrival of the crown to Italy. La corona di ferro (American title: The Iron Crown) is a 1941 Italian award winning fantasy film written and directed by Alessandro Blasetti. ...
References Dr. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer (1810-1897), was the compiler of Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, a Victorian reference work. ...
Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable - sometimes referred to simply as Brewers - is a reference work containing definitions and explanations of many famous phrases, allusions and figures, whether historical or mythical. ...
Philipp Blom (b. ...
Notes - ^ Philipp Blom, To Have and to Hold: An Intimate History of Collectors and Collecting, p. 146
- ^ Philipp Blom, To Have and to Hold: An Intimate History of Collectors and Collecting, p. 147
- ^ Philipp Blom, To Have and to Hold: An Intimate History of Collectors and Collecting, p. 147
- ^ Philipp Blom, To Have and to Hold: An Intimate History of Collectors and Collecting, p. 147
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